id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringclasses 442
values | context stringlengths 151 3.71k | question stringlengths 12 270 | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
5a82070631013a001a33510b | Humanism | Davies identifies Paine's The Age of Reason as "the link between the two major narratives of what Jean-François Lyotard calls the narrative of legitimation": the rationalism of the 18th-century Philosophes and the radical, historically based German 19th-century Biblical criticism of the Hegelians David Friedrich Straus... | What writing was considered a barrier between two other major writings? | {
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
} |
5a82070631013a001a33510c | Humanism | Davies identifies Paine's The Age of Reason as "the link between the two major narratives of what Jean-François Lyotard calls the narrative of legitimation": the rationalism of the 18th-century Philosophes and the radical, historically based German 19th-century Biblical criticism of the Hegelians David Friedrich Straus... | Which century was the only writing from? | {
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
} |
5a82070631013a001a33510d | Humanism | Davies identifies Paine's The Age of Reason as "the link between the two major narratives of what Jean-François Lyotard calls the narrative of legitimation": the rationalism of the 18th-century Philosophes and the radical, historically based German 19th-century Biblical criticism of the Hegelians David Friedrich Straus... | What was the enemy of the second writing? | {
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
} |
5a82070631013a001a33510e | Humanism | Davies identifies Paine's The Age of Reason as "the link between the two major narratives of what Jean-François Lyotard calls the narrative of legitimation": the rationalism of the 18th-century Philosophes and the radical, historically based German 19th-century Biblical criticism of the Hegelians David Friedrich Straus... | Who disagreed with the statement "Homo homini deus est"? | {
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
} |
5732884d06a3a419008acad7 | Geological_history_of_Earth | Earth was initially molten due to extreme volcanism and frequent collisions with other bodies. Eventually, the outer layer of the planet cooled to form a solid crust when water began accumulating in the atmosphere. The Moon formed soon afterwards, possibly as the result of a Mars-sized object with about 10% of the Eart... | The initial state of earth was what? | {
"answer_start": [
20
],
"text": [
"molten"
]
} |
5732884d06a3a419008acad8 | Geological_history_of_Earth | Earth was initially molten due to extreme volcanism and frequent collisions with other bodies. Eventually, the outer layer of the planet cooled to form a solid crust when water began accumulating in the atmosphere. The Moon formed soon afterwards, possibly as the result of a Mars-sized object with about 10% of the Eart... | What formed on the outside of the earth after it cooled? | {
"answer_start": [
152
],
"text": [
"a solid crust"
]
} |
5732884d06a3a419008acad9 | Geological_history_of_Earth | Earth was initially molten due to extreme volcanism and frequent collisions with other bodies. Eventually, the outer layer of the planet cooled to form a solid crust when water began accumulating in the atmosphere. The Moon formed soon afterwards, possibly as the result of a Mars-sized object with about 10% of the Eart... | How does the mass of the moon compare to earth? | {
"answer_start": [
299
],
"text": [
"about 10% of the Earth's mass"
]
} |
5732884d06a3a419008acada | Geological_history_of_Earth | Earth was initially molten due to extreme volcanism and frequent collisions with other bodies. Eventually, the outer layer of the planet cooled to form a solid crust when water began accumulating in the atmosphere. The Moon formed soon afterwards, possibly as the result of a Mars-sized object with about 10% of the Eart... | What created a primordial atmosphere on earth? | {
"answer_start": [
563
],
"text": [
"Outgassing and volcanic activity"
]
} |
5732884d06a3a419008acadb | Geological_history_of_Earth | Earth was initially molten due to extreme volcanism and frequent collisions with other bodies. Eventually, the outer layer of the planet cooled to form a solid crust when water began accumulating in the atmosphere. The Moon formed soon afterwards, possibly as the result of a Mars-sized object with about 10% of the Eart... | Ice from what source helped to create earths oceans? | {
"answer_start": [
688
],
"text": [
"comets"
]
} |
5a4e58a7755ab9001a10f42b | Geological_history_of_Earth | Earth was initially molten due to extreme volcanism and frequent collisions with other bodies. Eventually, the outer layer of the planet cooled to form a solid crust when water began accumulating in the atmosphere. The Moon formed soon afterwards, possibly as the result of a Mars-sized object with about 10% of the Eart... | What caused the Earths early crust to become molten? | {
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
} |
5a4e58a7755ab9001a10f42c | Geological_history_of_Earth | Earth was initially molten due to extreme volcanism and frequent collisions with other bodies. Eventually, the outer layer of the planet cooled to form a solid crust when water began accumulating in the atmosphere. The Moon formed soon afterwards, possibly as the result of a Mars-sized object with about 10% of the Eart... | What cooled allowing water to collect? | {
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
} |
5a4e58a7755ab9001a10f42d | Geological_history_of_Earth | Earth was initially molten due to extreme volcanism and frequent collisions with other bodies. Eventually, the outer layer of the planet cooled to form a solid crust when water began accumulating in the atmosphere. The Moon formed soon afterwards, possibly as the result of a Mars-sized object with about 10% of the Eart... | What happened when water started to accumulate on the surface? | {
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
} |
5a4e58a7755ab9001a10f42e | Geological_history_of_Earth | Earth was initially molten due to extreme volcanism and frequent collisions with other bodies. Eventually, the outer layer of the planet cooled to form a solid crust when water began accumulating in the atmosphere. The Moon formed soon afterwards, possibly as the result of a Mars-sized object with about 10% of the Eart... | What caused a piece of the earth to break of and form the moon? | {
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
} |
5a4e58a7755ab9001a10f42f | Geological_history_of_Earth | Earth was initially molten due to extreme volcanism and frequent collisions with other bodies. Eventually, the outer layer of the planet cooled to form a solid crust when water began accumulating in the atmosphere. The Moon formed soon afterwards, possibly as the result of a Mars-sized object with about 10% of the Eart... | How does the mass of the moon compare to the earths mass? | {
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
} |
5732897457eb1f1400fd2d88 | Geological_history_of_Earth | Earth was initially molten due to extreme volcanism and frequent collisions with other bodies. Eventually, the outer layer of the planet cooled to form a solid crust when water began accumulating in the atmosphere. The Moon formed soon afterwards, possibly as the result of a Mars-sized object with about 10% of the Eart... | Powerful volcanism contributed to cause early earth to be in what state? | {
"answer_start": [
20
],
"text": [
"molten"
]
} |
5732897457eb1f1400fd2d89 | Geological_history_of_Earth | Earth was initially molten due to extreme volcanism and frequent collisions with other bodies. Eventually, the outer layer of the planet cooled to form a solid crust when water began accumulating in the atmosphere. The Moon formed soon afterwards, possibly as the result of a Mars-sized object with about 10% of the Eart... | What occurred in the atmosphere of the earth after the crust was formed? | {
"answer_start": [
171
],
"text": [
"water began accumulating"
]
} |
5732897457eb1f1400fd2d8a | Geological_history_of_Earth | Earth was initially molten due to extreme volcanism and frequent collisions with other bodies. Eventually, the outer layer of the planet cooled to form a solid crust when water began accumulating in the atmosphere. The Moon formed soon afterwards, possibly as the result of a Mars-sized object with about 10% of the Eart... | What size of object may have created the moon? | {
"answer_start": [
276
],
"text": [
"Mars"
]
} |
5732897457eb1f1400fd2d8b | Geological_history_of_Earth | Earth was initially molten due to extreme volcanism and frequent collisions with other bodies. Eventually, the outer layer of the planet cooled to form a solid crust when water began accumulating in the atmosphere. The Moon formed soon afterwards, possibly as the result of a Mars-sized object with about 10% of the Eart... | When water was creating the oceans what was happening to atmospheric water vapor? | {
"answer_start": [
632
],
"text": [
"Condensing"
]
} |
5a4e5b40755ab9001a10f435 | Geological_history_of_Earth | Earth was initially molten due to extreme volcanism and frequent collisions with other bodies. Eventually, the outer layer of the planet cooled to form a solid crust when water began accumulating in the atmosphere. The Moon formed soon afterwards, possibly as the result of a Mars-sized object with about 10% of the Eart... | What formed as water accumulated? | {
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
} |
5a4e5b40755ab9001a10f436 | Geological_history_of_Earth | Earth was initially molten due to extreme volcanism and frequent collisions with other bodies. Eventually, the outer layer of the planet cooled to form a solid crust when water began accumulating in the atmosphere. The Moon formed soon afterwards, possibly as the result of a Mars-sized object with about 10% of the Eart... | What cused the Earths solid crust to become molten? | {
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
} |
5a4e5b40755ab9001a10f437 | Geological_history_of_Earth | Earth was initially molten due to extreme volcanism and frequent collisions with other bodies. Eventually, the outer layer of the planet cooled to form a solid crust when water began accumulating in the atmosphere. The Moon formed soon afterwards, possibly as the result of a Mars-sized object with about 10% of the Eart... | How does the mass of the moon compare to the mass of the Earth? | {
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
} |
5a4e5b40755ab9001a10f438 | Geological_history_of_Earth | Earth was initially molten due to extreme volcanism and frequent collisions with other bodies. Eventually, the outer layer of the planet cooled to form a solid crust when water began accumulating in the atmosphere. The Moon formed soon afterwards, possibly as the result of a Mars-sized object with about 10% of the Eart... | What broke away a piece of the earth to form the moon? | {
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
} |
5a4e5b40755ab9001a10f439 | Geological_history_of_Earth | Earth was initially molten due to extreme volcanism and frequent collisions with other bodies. Eventually, the outer layer of the planet cooled to form a solid crust when water began accumulating in the atmosphere. The Moon formed soon afterwards, possibly as the result of a Mars-sized object with about 10% of the Eart... | What caused water vapor to evaporate? | {
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
} |
57328a3b57eb1f1400fd2d90 | Geological_history_of_Earth | The Earth of the early Archean (4,000 to 2,500 million years ago) may have had a different tectonic style. During this time, the Earth's crust cooled enough that rocks and continental plates began to form. Some scientists think because the Earth was hotter, that plate tectonic activity was more vigorous than it is toda... | During what time period was the Archean era? | {
"answer_start": [
32
],
"text": [
"4,000 to 2,500 million years ago"
]
} |
57328a3b57eb1f1400fd2d91 | Geological_history_of_Earth | The Earth of the early Archean (4,000 to 2,500 million years ago) may have had a different tectonic style. During this time, the Earth's crust cooled enough that rocks and continental plates began to form. Some scientists think because the Earth was hotter, that plate tectonic activity was more vigorous than it is toda... | During what period did the earths crust cooling allow the creation of plates? | {
"answer_start": [
23
],
"text": [
"Archean"
]
} |
57328a3b57eb1f1400fd2d92 | Geological_history_of_Earth | The Earth of the early Archean (4,000 to 2,500 million years ago) may have had a different tectonic style. During this time, the Earth's crust cooled enough that rocks and continental plates began to form. Some scientists think because the Earth was hotter, that plate tectonic activity was more vigorous than it is toda... | It is believed that a very warm earth would lead to more recycling of what? | {
"answer_start": [
372
],
"text": [
"crustal material"
]
} |
57328a3b57eb1f1400fd2d93 | Geological_history_of_Earth | The Earth of the early Archean (4,000 to 2,500 million years ago) may have had a different tectonic style. During this time, the Earth's crust cooled enough that rocks and continental plates began to form. Some scientists think because the Earth was hotter, that plate tectonic activity was more vigorous than it is toda... | What might have a very hot earth stopped from occurring? | {
"answer_start": [
414
],
"text": [
"cratonisation and continent formation"
]
} |
57328a3b57eb1f1400fd2d94 | Geological_history_of_Earth | The Earth of the early Archean (4,000 to 2,500 million years ago) may have had a different tectonic style. During this time, the Earth's crust cooled enough that rocks and continental plates began to form. Some scientists think because the Earth was hotter, that plate tectonic activity was more vigorous than it is toda... | What do some believe accounts for the small amount of Archean rocks? | {
"answer_start": [
639
],
"text": [
"erosion and subsequent tectonic events"
]
} |
5a4e6782755ab9001a10f43f | Geological_history_of_Earth | The Earth of the early Archean (4,000 to 2,500 million years ago) may have had a different tectonic style. During this time, the Earth's crust cooled enough that rocks and continental plates began to form. Some scientists think because the Earth was hotter, that plate tectonic activity was more vigorous than it is toda... | During what period did tectonic activity become like it is today? | {
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
} |
5a4e6782755ab9001a10f440 | Geological_history_of_Earth | The Earth of the early Archean (4,000 to 2,500 million years ago) may have had a different tectonic style. During this time, the Earth's crust cooled enough that rocks and continental plates began to form. Some scientists think because the Earth was hotter, that plate tectonic activity was more vigorous than it is toda... | What happened as the Earth's crust cooled following the Archean period? | {
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
} |
5a4e6782755ab9001a10f441 | Geological_history_of_Earth | The Earth of the early Archean (4,000 to 2,500 million years ago) may have had a different tectonic style. During this time, the Earth's crust cooled enough that rocks and continental plates began to form. Some scientists think because the Earth was hotter, that plate tectonic activity was more vigorous than it is toda... | What do scientist think was made more vigerous by the Earth's cooling? | {
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
} |
5a4e6782755ab9001a10f442 | Geological_history_of_Earth | The Earth of the early Archean (4,000 to 2,500 million years ago) may have had a different tectonic style. During this time, the Earth's crust cooled enough that rocks and continental plates began to form. Some scientists think because the Earth was hotter, that plate tectonic activity was more vigorous than it is toda... | What was recycled more as the earth cooled? | {
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
} |
57328ad357eb1f1400fd2d9a | Geological_history_of_Earth | In contrast to the Proterozoic, Archean rocks are often heavily metamorphized deep-water sediments, such as graywackes, mudstones, volcanic sediments and banded iron formations. Greenstone belts are typical Archean formations, consisting of alternating high- and low-grade metamorphic rocks. The high-grade rocks were de... | What are Archean rocks composed of, in general? | {
"answer_start": [
64
],
"text": [
"metamorphized deep-water sediments"
]
} |
57328ad357eb1f1400fd2d9b | Geological_history_of_Earth | In contrast to the Proterozoic, Archean rocks are often heavily metamorphized deep-water sediments, such as graywackes, mudstones, volcanic sediments and banded iron formations. Greenstone belts are typical Archean formations, consisting of alternating high- and low-grade metamorphic rocks. The high-grade rocks were de... | What type of formation is indicated by low and high grade metamorphic rocks? | {
"answer_start": [
178
],
"text": [
"Greenstone"
]
} |
57328ad357eb1f1400fd2d9c | Geological_history_of_Earth | In contrast to the Proterozoic, Archean rocks are often heavily metamorphized deep-water sediments, such as graywackes, mudstones, volcanic sediments and banded iron formations. Greenstone belts are typical Archean formations, consisting of alternating high- and low-grade metamorphic rocks. The high-grade rocks were de... | From where did high grade Archean rocks originate? | {
"answer_start": [
331
],
"text": [
"volcanic island arcs"
]
} |
57328ad357eb1f1400fd2d9d | Geological_history_of_Earth | In contrast to the Proterozoic, Archean rocks are often heavily metamorphized deep-water sediments, such as graywackes, mudstones, volcanic sediments and banded iron formations. Greenstone belts are typical Archean formations, consisting of alternating high- and low-grade metamorphic rocks. The high-grade rocks were de... | Low grade metamorphic rocks are composed of what, generally? | {
"answer_start": [
401
],
"text": [
"deep-sea sediments"
]
} |
57328ad357eb1f1400fd2d9e | Geological_history_of_Earth | In contrast to the Proterozoic, Archean rocks are often heavily metamorphized deep-water sediments, such as graywackes, mudstones, volcanic sediments and banded iron formations. Greenstone belts are typical Archean formations, consisting of alternating high- and low-grade metamorphic rocks. The high-grade rocks were de... | What is a greenstone belt? | {
"answer_start": [
532
],
"text": [
"sutured protocontinents"
]
} |
5a4e6ed4755ab9001a10f447 | Geological_history_of_Earth | In contrast to the Proterozoic, Archean rocks are often heavily metamorphized deep-water sediments, such as graywackes, mudstones, volcanic sediments and banded iron formations. Greenstone belts are typical Archean formations, consisting of alternating high- and low-grade metamorphic rocks. The high-grade rocks were de... | What kind od sediments where Proterozoic rocks made from? | {
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
} |
5a4e6ed4755ab9001a10f448 | Geological_history_of_Earth | In contrast to the Proterozoic, Archean rocks are often heavily metamorphized deep-water sediments, such as graywackes, mudstones, volcanic sediments and banded iron formations. Greenstone belts are typical Archean formations, consisting of alternating high- and low-grade metamorphic rocks. The high-grade rocks were de... | What kind od belts often formed during the Proterozoic period? | {
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
} |
5a4e6ed4755ab9001a10f449 | Geological_history_of_Earth | In contrast to the Proterozoic, Archean rocks are often heavily metamorphized deep-water sediments, such as graywackes, mudstones, volcanic sediments and banded iron formations. Greenstone belts are typical Archean formations, consisting of alternating high- and low-grade metamorphic rocks. The high-grade rocks were de... | What single type of rock formed Greenstone belts? | {
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
} |
5a4e6ed4755ab9001a10f44a | Geological_history_of_Earth | In contrast to the Proterozoic, Archean rocks are often heavily metamorphized deep-water sediments, such as graywackes, mudstones, volcanic sediments and banded iron formations. Greenstone belts are typical Archean formations, consisting of alternating high- and low-grade metamorphic rocks. The high-grade rocks were de... | What kind of volcanic rock formed low-density metamorphic rock? | {
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
} |
5a4e6ed4755ab9001a10f44b | Geological_history_of_Earth | In contrast to the Proterozoic, Archean rocks are often heavily metamorphized deep-water sediments, such as graywackes, mudstones, volcanic sediments and banded iron formations. Greenstone belts are typical Archean formations, consisting of alternating high- and low-grade metamorphic rocks. The high-grade rocks were de... | What kind of sediment formed high-density metamorphic rock? | {
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
} |
57328b7c06a3a419008acae9 | Geological_history_of_Earth | The geologic record of the Proterozoic (2,500 to 541 million years ago) is more complete than that for the preceding Archean. In contrast to the deep-water deposits of the Archean, the Proterozoic features many strata that were laid down in extensive shallow epicontinental seas; furthermore, many of these rocks are les... | During what time period did the Proterozoic era occur? | {
"answer_start": [
40
],
"text": [
"2,500 to 541 million years ago"
]
} |
57328b7c06a3a419008acaea | Geological_history_of_Earth | The geologic record of the Proterozoic (2,500 to 541 million years ago) is more complete than that for the preceding Archean. In contrast to the deep-water deposits of the Archean, the Proterozoic features many strata that were laid down in extensive shallow epicontinental seas; furthermore, many of these rocks are les... | What era came before the Proterozoic era? | {
"answer_start": [
172
],
"text": [
"Archean"
]
} |
57328b7c06a3a419008acaeb | Geological_history_of_Earth | The geologic record of the Proterozoic (2,500 to 541 million years ago) is more complete than that for the preceding Archean. In contrast to the deep-water deposits of the Archean, the Proterozoic features many strata that were laid down in extensive shallow epicontinental seas; furthermore, many of these rocks are les... | In what type of sea did typical Proterozoic geology come to be? | {
"answer_start": [
251
],
"text": [
"shallow epicontinental seas"
]
} |
57328b7c06a3a419008acaec | Geological_history_of_Earth | The geologic record of the Proterozoic (2,500 to 541 million years ago) is more complete than that for the preceding Archean. In contrast to the deep-water deposits of the Archean, the Proterozoic features many strata that were laid down in extensive shallow epicontinental seas; furthermore, many of these rocks are les... | What type of continental behavior was unique to the Proterozoic? | {
"answer_start": [
442
],
"text": [
"rapid continental accretion"
]
} |
57328b7c06a3a419008acaed | Geological_history_of_Earth | The geologic record of the Proterozoic (2,500 to 541 million years ago) is more complete than that for the preceding Archean. In contrast to the deep-water deposits of the Archean, the Proterozoic features many strata that were laid down in extensive shallow epicontinental seas; furthermore, many of these rocks are les... | What is the name for the large super continent that broke apart 750 million years ago? | {
"answer_start": [
624
],
"text": [
"Rodinia"
]
} |
5a4e78a0755ab9001a10f479 | Geological_history_of_Earth | The geologic record of the Proterozoic (2,500 to 541 million years ago) is more complete than that for the preceding Archean. In contrast to the deep-water deposits of the Archean, the Proterozoic features many strata that were laid down in extensive shallow epicontinental seas; furthermore, many of these rocks are les... | What period has a more complete geological record than the Proterozoic? | {
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
} |
5a4e78a0755ab9001a10f47a | Geological_history_of_Earth | The geologic record of the Proterozoic (2,500 to 541 million years ago) is more complete than that for the preceding Archean. In contrast to the deep-water deposits of the Archean, the Proterozoic features many strata that were laid down in extensive shallow epicontinental seas; furthermore, many of these rocks are les... | what was layed down in deep seas during the Proterozoic period? | {
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
} |
5a4e78a0755ab9001a10f47b | Geological_history_of_Earth | The geologic record of the Proterozoic (2,500 to 541 million years ago) is more complete than that for the preceding Archean. In contrast to the deep-water deposits of the Archean, the Proterozoic features many strata that were laid down in extensive shallow epicontinental seas; furthermore, many of these rocks are les... | What was made in shallow seas during the Archean period? | {
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
} |
5a4e78a0755ab9001a10f47c | Geological_history_of_Earth | The geologic record of the Proterozoic (2,500 to 541 million years ago) is more complete than that for the preceding Archean. In contrast to the deep-water deposits of the Archean, the Proterozoic features many strata that were laid down in extensive shallow epicontinental seas; furthermore, many of these rocks are les... | What type of continental behavior was a unique to the Archean period? | {
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
} |
5a4e78a0755ab9001a10f47d | Geological_history_of_Earth | The geologic record of the Proterozoic (2,500 to 541 million years ago) is more complete than that for the preceding Archean. In contrast to the deep-water deposits of the Archean, the Proterozoic features many strata that were laid down in extensive shallow epicontinental seas; furthermore, many of these rocks are les... | What broke apart 750 million years ago and was called Pannotia? | {
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
} |
57328bf706a3a419008acaf3 | Geological_history_of_Earth | The Paleozoic spanned from roughly 541 to 252 million years ago (Ma) and is subdivided into six geologic periods; from oldest to youngest they are the Cambrian, Ordovician, Silurian, Devonian, Carboniferous and Permian. Geologically, the Paleozoic starts shortly after the breakup of a supercontinent called Pannotia and... | During what period was the Paleozoic era? | {
"answer_start": [
35
],
"text": [
"541 to 252 million years ago"
]
} |
57328bf706a3a419008acaf4 | Geological_history_of_Earth | The Paleozoic spanned from roughly 541 to 252 million years ago (Ma) and is subdivided into six geologic periods; from oldest to youngest they are the Cambrian, Ordovician, Silurian, Devonian, Carboniferous and Permian. Geologically, the Paleozoic starts shortly after the breakup of a supercontinent called Pannotia and... | How many periods of geology are within the Paleozoic era? | {
"answer_start": [
92
],
"text": [
"six"
]
} |
57328bf706a3a419008acaf5 | Geological_history_of_Earth | The Paleozoic spanned from roughly 541 to 252 million years ago (Ma) and is subdivided into six geologic periods; from oldest to youngest they are the Cambrian, Ordovician, Silurian, Devonian, Carboniferous and Permian. Geologically, the Paleozoic starts shortly after the breakup of a supercontinent called Pannotia and... | The Permian is an example of what? | {
"answer_start": [
96
],
"text": [
"geologic periods"
]
} |
57328bf706a3a419008acaf6 | Geological_history_of_Earth | The Paleozoic spanned from roughly 541 to 252 million years ago (Ma) and is subdivided into six geologic periods; from oldest to youngest they are the Cambrian, Ordovician, Silurian, Devonian, Carboniferous and Permian. Geologically, the Paleozoic starts shortly after the breakup of a supercontinent called Pannotia and... | After what continental event did the Paleozoic begin? | {
"answer_start": [
273
],
"text": [
"breakup of a supercontinent called Pannotia"
]
} |
57328bf706a3a419008acaf7 | Geological_history_of_Earth | The Paleozoic spanned from roughly 541 to 252 million years ago (Ma) and is subdivided into six geologic periods; from oldest to youngest they are the Cambrian, Ordovician, Silurian, Devonian, Carboniferous and Permian. Geologically, the Paleozoic starts shortly after the breakup of a supercontinent called Pannotia and... | What continent was formed at the end of the Paleozoic? | {
"answer_start": [
566
],
"text": [
"Pangaea"
]
} |
5a4e7ec8755ab9001a10f497 | Geological_history_of_Earth | The Paleozoic spanned from roughly 541 to 252 million years ago (Ma) and is subdivided into six geologic periods; from oldest to youngest they are the Cambrian, Ordovician, Silurian, Devonian, Carboniferous and Permian. Geologically, the Paleozoic starts shortly after the breakup of a supercontinent called Pannotia and... | What period ended 541 million years ago? | {
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
} |
5a4e7ec8755ab9001a10f498 | Geological_history_of_Earth | The Paleozoic spanned from roughly 541 to 252 million years ago (Ma) and is subdivided into six geologic periods; from oldest to youngest they are the Cambrian, Ordovician, Silurian, Devonian, Carboniferous and Permian. Geologically, the Paleozoic starts shortly after the breakup of a supercontinent called Pannotia and... | What period started right before the breakup of Pannotia? | {
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
} |
5a4e7ec8755ab9001a10f499 | Geological_history_of_Earth | The Paleozoic spanned from roughly 541 to 252 million years ago (Ma) and is subdivided into six geologic periods; from oldest to youngest they are the Cambrian, Ordovician, Silurian, Devonian, Carboniferous and Permian. Geologically, the Paleozoic starts shortly after the breakup of a supercontinent called Pannotia and... | What was the scope of the ice age that began at the same time as the Paleozoic period? | {
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
} |
5a4e7ec8755ab9001a10f49a | Geological_history_of_Earth | The Paleozoic spanned from roughly 541 to 252 million years ago (Ma) and is subdivided into six geologic periods; from oldest to youngest they are the Cambrian, Ordovician, Silurian, Devonian, Carboniferous and Permian. Geologically, the Paleozoic starts shortly after the breakup of a supercontinent called Pannotia and... | What was the name of the superconinent that formed at the begining of the Paleozoic? | {
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
} |
5a4e7ec8755ab9001a10f49b | Geological_history_of_Earth | The Paleozoic spanned from roughly 541 to 252 million years ago (Ma) and is subdivided into six geologic periods; from oldest to youngest they are the Cambrian, Ordovician, Silurian, Devonian, Carboniferous and Permian. Geologically, the Paleozoic starts shortly after the breakup of a supercontinent called Pannotia and... | What did Pangea break into at the end of the Paleozoic? | {
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
} |
57328cb6b9988014000c766e | Geological_history_of_Earth | The Cambrian is a major division of the geologic timescale that begins about 541.0 ± 1.0 Ma. Cambrian continents are thought to have resulted from the breakup of a Neoproterozoic supercontinent called Pannotia. The waters of the Cambrian period appear to have been widespread and shallow. Continental drift rates may hav... | At what rough time did the Cambrian era start? | {
"answer_start": [
77
],
"text": [
"541.0 ± 1.0 Ma."
]
} |
57328cb6b9988014000c766f | Geological_history_of_Earth | The Cambrian is a major division of the geologic timescale that begins about 541.0 ± 1.0 Ma. Cambrian continents are thought to have resulted from the breakup of a Neoproterozoic supercontinent called Pannotia. The waters of the Cambrian period appear to have been widespread and shallow. Continental drift rates may hav... | What were the continents of the Cambrian area believed to have formerly been a part of? | {
"answer_start": [
201
],
"text": [
"Pannotia"
]
} |
57328cb6b9988014000c7670 | Geological_history_of_Earth | The Cambrian is a major division of the geologic timescale that begins about 541.0 ± 1.0 Ma. Cambrian continents are thought to have resulted from the breakup of a Neoproterozoic supercontinent called Pannotia. The waters of the Cambrian period appear to have been widespread and shallow. Continental drift rates may hav... | What continent moved to the southern-most part of the earth in the Cambrian era? | {
"answer_start": [
466
],
"text": [
"Gondwana"
]
} |
57328cb6b9988014000c7671 | Geological_history_of_Earth | The Cambrian is a major division of the geologic timescale that begins about 541.0 ± 1.0 Ma. Cambrian continents are thought to have resulted from the breakup of a Neoproterozoic supercontinent called Pannotia. The waters of the Cambrian period appear to have been widespread and shallow. Continental drift rates may hav... | What continent ranged over the majority of the southern hemisphere of earth in the Cambrian? | {
"answer_start": [
515
],
"text": [
"Panthalassa"
]
} |
57328cb6b9988014000c7672 | Geological_history_of_Earth | The Cambrian is a major division of the geologic timescale that begins about 541.0 ± 1.0 Ma. Cambrian continents are thought to have resulted from the breakup of a Neoproterozoic supercontinent called Pannotia. The waters of the Cambrian period appear to have been widespread and shallow. Continental drift rates may hav... | Baltica and Sibera are examples of what thing, during the Cambrian era? | {
"answer_start": [
385
],
"text": [
"independent continents"
]
} |
5a4e82d9755ab9001a10f4ab | Geological_history_of_Earth | The Cambrian is a major division of the geologic timescale that begins about 541.0 ± 1.0 Ma. Cambrian continents are thought to have resulted from the breakup of a Neoproterozoic supercontinent called Pannotia. The waters of the Cambrian period appear to have been widespread and shallow. Continental drift rates may hav... | What period is a minor division in the geologic timescale? | {
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
} |
5a4e82d9755ab9001a10f4ac | Geological_history_of_Earth | The Cambrian is a major division of the geologic timescale that begins about 541.0 ± 1.0 Ma. Cambrian continents are thought to have resulted from the breakup of a Neoproterozoic supercontinent called Pannotia. The waters of the Cambrian period appear to have been widespread and shallow. Continental drift rates may hav... | What supercontinent was formed from the coninents of the Cambrian? | {
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
} |
5a4e82d9755ab9001a10f4ad | Geological_history_of_Earth | The Cambrian is a major division of the geologic timescale that begins about 541.0 ± 1.0 Ma. Cambrian continents are thought to have resulted from the breakup of a Neoproterozoic supercontinent called Pannotia. The waters of the Cambrian period appear to have been widespread and shallow. Continental drift rates may hav... | During what period were the oceans widespread and deep? | {
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
} |
5a4e82d9755ab9001a10f4ae | Geological_history_of_Earth | The Cambrian is a major division of the geologic timescale that begins about 541.0 ± 1.0 Ma. Cambrian continents are thought to have resulted from the breakup of a Neoproterozoic supercontinent called Pannotia. The waters of the Cambrian period appear to have been widespread and shallow. Continental drift rates may hav... | What drift rates were high during the Cambrian? | {
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
} |
5a4e82d9755ab9001a10f4af | Geological_history_of_Earth | The Cambrian is a major division of the geologic timescale that begins about 541.0 ± 1.0 Ma. Cambrian continents are thought to have resulted from the breakup of a Neoproterozoic supercontinent called Pannotia. The waters of the Cambrian period appear to have been widespread and shallow. Continental drift rates may hav... | When did Pannotia begin to drift towards the South Pole? | {
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
} |
57328db8b9988014000c7678 | Geological_history_of_Earth | The Ordovician Period started at a major extinction event called the Cambrian-Ordovician extinction events some time about 485.4 ± 1.9 Ma. During the Ordovician the southern continents were collected into a single continent called Gondwana. Gondwana started the period in the equatorial latitudes and, as the period prog... | How long ago did the Ordovician period begin? | {
"answer_start": [
123
],
"text": [
"485.4 ± 1.9 Ma."
]
} |
57328db8b9988014000c7679 | Geological_history_of_Earth | The Ordovician Period started at a major extinction event called the Cambrian-Ordovician extinction events some time about 485.4 ± 1.9 Ma. During the Ordovician the southern continents were collected into a single continent called Gondwana. Gondwana started the period in the equatorial latitudes and, as the period prog... | Which event precipitated the Ordovician period? | {
"answer_start": [
65
],
"text": [
"the Cambrian-Ordovician extinction"
]
} |
57328db8b9988014000c767a | Geological_history_of_Earth | The Ordovician Period started at a major extinction event called the Cambrian-Ordovician extinction events some time about 485.4 ± 1.9 Ma. During the Ordovician the southern continents were collected into a single continent called Gondwana. Gondwana started the period in the equatorial latitudes and, as the period prog... | What was the name of the large southernmost continent during the Ordovician? | {
"answer_start": [
231
],
"text": [
"Gondwana"
]
} |
57328db8b9988014000c767b | Geological_history_of_Earth | The Ordovician Period started at a major extinction event called the Cambrian-Ordovician extinction events some time about 485.4 ± 1.9 Ma. During the Ordovician the southern continents were collected into a single continent called Gondwana. Gondwana started the period in the equatorial latitudes and, as the period prog... | Which ocean decreased in size with the movement of Baltica in the Ordovician? | {
"answer_start": [
600
],
"text": [
"Iapetus Ocean"
]
} |
57328db8b9988014000c767c | Geological_history_of_Earth | The Ordovician Period started at a major extinction event called the Cambrian-Ordovician extinction events some time about 485.4 ± 1.9 Ma. During the Ordovician the southern continents were collected into a single continent called Gondwana. Gondwana started the period in the equatorial latitudes and, as the period prog... | What continent fractured off Gondwana in the direction of Laurentia? | {
"answer_start": [
644
],
"text": [
"Avalonia"
]
} |
5a4e869d755ab9001a10f4c9 | Geological_history_of_Earth | The Ordovician Period started at a major extinction event called the Cambrian-Ordovician extinction events some time about 485.4 ± 1.9 Ma. During the Ordovician the southern continents were collected into a single continent called Gondwana. Gondwana started the period in the equatorial latitudes and, as the period prog... | What was the name of the period that ended with a major extinction event? | {
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
} |
5a4e869d755ab9001a10f4ca | Geological_history_of_Earth | The Ordovician Period started at a major extinction event called the Cambrian-Ordovician extinction events some time about 485.4 ± 1.9 Ma. During the Ordovician the southern continents were collected into a single continent called Gondwana. Gondwana started the period in the equatorial latitudes and, as the period prog... | What extinction event occured at the end of the Ordocician Period? | {
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
} |
5a4e869d755ab9001a10f4cb | Geological_history_of_Earth | The Ordovician Period started at a major extinction event called the Cambrian-Ordovician extinction events some time about 485.4 ± 1.9 Ma. During the Ordovician the southern continents were collected into a single continent called Gondwana. Gondwana started the period in the equatorial latitudes and, as the period prog... | When was the extinction event that ended the Ordovician period? | {
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
} |
5a4e869d755ab9001a10f4cc | Geological_history_of_Earth | The Ordovician Period started at a major extinction event called the Cambrian-Ordovician extinction events some time about 485.4 ± 1.9 Ma. During the Ordovician the southern continents were collected into a single continent called Gondwana. Gondwana started the period in the equatorial latitudes and, as the period prog... | What contenent formed several southern coninents during the Ordovician? | {
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
} |
5a4e869d755ab9001a10f4cd | Geological_history_of_Earth | The Ordovician Period started at a major extinction event called the Cambrian-Ordovician extinction events some time about 485.4 ± 1.9 Ma. During the Ordovician the southern continents were collected into a single continent called Gondwana. Gondwana started the period in the equatorial latitudes and, as the period prog... | What continent drifted from the South Pole to the equator? | {
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
} |
57328e9957eb1f1400fd2da4 | Geological_history_of_Earth | The most-commonly accepted theory is that these events were triggered by the onset of an ice age, in the Hirnantian faunal stage that ended the long, stable greenhouse conditions typical of the Ordovician. The ice age was probably not as long-lasting as once thought; study of oxygen isotopes in fossil brachiopods shows... | What type of climate was normal in the Ordovician period? | {
"answer_start": [
150
],
"text": [
"stable greenhouse conditions"
]
} |
57328e9957eb1f1400fd2da5 | Geological_history_of_Earth | The most-commonly accepted theory is that these events were triggered by the onset of an ice age, in the Hirnantian faunal stage that ended the long, stable greenhouse conditions typical of the Ordovician. The ice age was probably not as long-lasting as once thought; study of oxygen isotopes in fossil brachiopods shows... | What ice age signaled the end of the normal climate in the Ordovician period? | {
"answer_start": [
101
],
"text": [
"the Hirnantian faunal stage"
]
} |
57328e9957eb1f1400fd2da6 | Geological_history_of_Earth | The most-commonly accepted theory is that these events were triggered by the onset of an ice age, in the Hirnantian faunal stage that ended the long, stable greenhouse conditions typical of the Ordovician. The ice age was probably not as long-lasting as once thought; study of oxygen isotopes in fossil brachiopods shows... | Oxygen from what kind of fossil were used to date the Hirnantian faunal stage? | {
"answer_start": [
303
],
"text": [
"brachiopods"
]
} |
57328e9957eb1f1400fd2da7 | Geological_history_of_Earth | The most-commonly accepted theory is that these events were triggered by the onset of an ice age, in the Hirnantian faunal stage that ended the long, stable greenhouse conditions typical of the Ordovician. The ice age was probably not as long-lasting as once thought; study of oxygen isotopes in fossil brachiopods shows... | How many years is the Hirnantian faunal stage believed to have lasted? | {
"answer_start": [
357
],
"text": [
"0.5 to 1.5 million years"
]
} |
57328e9957eb1f1400fd2da8 | Geological_history_of_Earth | The most-commonly accepted theory is that these events were triggered by the onset of an ice age, in the Hirnantian faunal stage that ended the long, stable greenhouse conditions typical of the Ordovician. The ice age was probably not as long-lasting as once thought; study of oxygen isotopes in fossil brachiopods shows... | What started to develop on Gondwana as it moved over the south pole? | {
"answer_start": [
613
],
"text": [
"ice caps"
]
} |
5a4e8846755ab9001a10f4dd | Geological_history_of_Earth | The most-commonly accepted theory is that these events were triggered by the onset of an ice age, in the Hirnantian faunal stage that ended the long, stable greenhouse conditions typical of the Ordovician. The ice age was probably not as long-lasting as once thought; study of oxygen isotopes in fossil brachiopods shows... | What faunel stage triggered the greenhouse conditions of the Ordovician? | {
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
} |
5a4e8846755ab9001a10f4de | Geological_history_of_Earth | The most-commonly accepted theory is that these events were triggered by the onset of an ice age, in the Hirnantian faunal stage that ended the long, stable greenhouse conditions typical of the Ordovician. The ice age was probably not as long-lasting as once thought; study of oxygen isotopes in fossil brachiopods shows... | What showed that the ice age lasted longer than originally thought? | {
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
} |
5a4e8846755ab9001a10f4df | Geological_history_of_Earth | The most-commonly accepted theory is that these events were triggered by the onset of an ice age, in the Hirnantian faunal stage that ended the long, stable greenhouse conditions typical of the Ordovician. The ice age was probably not as long-lasting as once thought; study of oxygen isotopes in fossil brachiopods shows... | What is know believed to have lasted more than 1.5 million years? | {
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
} |
5a4e8846755ab9001a10f4e0 | Geological_history_of_Earth | The most-commonly accepted theory is that these events were triggered by the onset of an ice age, in the Hirnantian faunal stage that ended the long, stable greenhouse conditions typical of the Ordovician. The ice age was probably not as long-lasting as once thought; study of oxygen isotopes in fossil brachiopods shows... | What levels rose in the atmosphere prior to the ice age? | {
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
} |
5a4e8846755ab9001a10f4e1 | Geological_history_of_Earth | The most-commonly accepted theory is that these events were triggered by the onset of an ice age, in the Hirnantian faunal stage that ended the long, stable greenhouse conditions typical of the Ordovician. The ice age was probably not as long-lasting as once thought; study of oxygen isotopes in fossil brachiopods shows... | Where where the oranisms laffected byrisingcarbon dioxide levels? | {
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
} |
57328f64b9988014000c7682 | Geological_history_of_Earth | The Silurian is a major division of the geologic timescale that started about 443.8 ± 1.5 Ma. During the Silurian, Gondwana continued a slow southward drift to high southern latitudes, but there is evidence that the Silurian ice caps were less extensive than those of the late Ordovician glaciation. The melting of ice c... | When was the Silurian period believed to have begun? | {
"answer_start": [
78
],
"text": [
"443.8 ± 1.5 Ma."
]
} |
57328f64b9988014000c7683 | Geological_history_of_Earth | The Silurian is a major division of the geologic timescale that started about 443.8 ± 1.5 Ma. During the Silurian, Gondwana continued a slow southward drift to high southern latitudes, but there is evidence that the Silurian ice caps were less extensive than those of the late Ordovician glaciation. The melting of ice c... | Compared to the Ordovician glaciation, how big were the ice caps on Gondwana during the Silurian? | {
"answer_start": [
239
],
"text": [
"less extensive"
]
} |
57328f64b9988014000c7684 | Geological_history_of_Earth | The Silurian is a major division of the geologic timescale that started about 443.8 ± 1.5 Ma. During the Silurian, Gondwana continued a slow southward drift to high southern latitudes, but there is evidence that the Silurian ice caps were less extensive than those of the late Ordovician glaciation. The melting of ice c... | What did the melting of ice on Gondwana add to? | {
"answer_start": [
352
],
"text": [
"a rise in sea levels"
]
} |
57328f64b9988014000c7685 | Geological_history_of_Earth | The Silurian is a major division of the geologic timescale that started about 443.8 ± 1.5 Ma. During the Silurian, Gondwana continued a slow southward drift to high southern latitudes, but there is evidence that the Silurian ice caps were less extensive than those of the late Ordovician glaciation. The melting of ice c... | Which supercontinent formed during the Silurian? | {
"answer_start": [
619
],
"text": [
"Euramerica"
]
} |
57328f64b9988014000c7686 | Geological_history_of_Earth | The Silurian is a major division of the geologic timescale that started about 443.8 ± 1.5 Ma. During the Silurian, Gondwana continued a slow southward drift to high southern latitudes, but there is evidence that the Silurian ice caps were less extensive than those of the late Ordovician glaciation. The melting of ice c... | Which ocean ranged the majority of the northern hemisphere in the Silurian period? | {
"answer_start": [
649
],
"text": [
"Panthalassa"
]
} |
5a4e9663755ab9001a10f519 | Geological_history_of_Earth | The Silurian is a major division of the geologic timescale that started about 443.8 ± 1.5 Ma. During the Silurian, Gondwana continued a slow southward drift to high southern latitudes, but there is evidence that the Silurian ice caps were less extensive than those of the late Ordovician glaciation. The melting of ice c... | What continent continued to drift northward during the Silurian? | {
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
} |
5a4e9663755ab9001a10f51a | Geological_history_of_Earth | The Silurian is a major division of the geologic timescale that started about 443.8 ± 1.5 Ma. During the Silurian, Gondwana continued a slow southward drift to high southern latitudes, but there is evidence that the Silurian ice caps were less extensive than those of the late Ordovician glaciation. The melting of ice c... | What was more extensive compared to the Ordovician glaciations? | {
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
} |
5a4e9663755ab9001a10f51b | Geological_history_of_Earth | The Silurian is a major division of the geologic timescale that started about 443.8 ± 1.5 Ma. During the Silurian, Gondwana continued a slow southward drift to high southern latitudes, but there is evidence that the Silurian ice caps were less extensive than those of the late Ordovician glaciation. The melting of ice c... | What lead to a rise in sea levels during the Ordovician? | {
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
} |
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