id
stringlengths 24
24
| title
stringclasses 442
values | context
stringlengths 151
3.71k
| question
stringlengths 12
270
| answers
dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
56df4e1796943c1400a5d35a
|
Hunter-gatherer
|
According to the endurance running hypothesis, long-distance running as in persistence hunting, a method still practiced by some hunter-gatherer groups in modern times, was likely the driving evolutionary force leading to the evolution of certain human characteristics. This hypothesis does not necessarily contradict the scavenging hypothesis: both subsistence strategies could have been in use – sequentially, alternating or even simultaneously.
|
What theory says that long-distance running drove the evolution of some human traits?
|
{
"answer_start": [
17
],
"text": [
"endurance running hypothesis"
]
}
|
56df4e1796943c1400a5d35b
|
Hunter-gatherer
|
According to the endurance running hypothesis, long-distance running as in persistence hunting, a method still practiced by some hunter-gatherer groups in modern times, was likely the driving evolutionary force leading to the evolution of certain human characteristics. This hypothesis does not necessarily contradict the scavenging hypothesis: both subsistence strategies could have been in use – sequentially, alternating or even simultaneously.
|
Who still practices persistence hunting?
|
{
"answer_start": [
124
],
"text": [
"some hunter-gatherer groups"
]
}
|
56df4e1796943c1400a5d35c
|
Hunter-gatherer
|
According to the endurance running hypothesis, long-distance running as in persistence hunting, a method still practiced by some hunter-gatherer groups in modern times, was likely the driving evolutionary force leading to the evolution of certain human characteristics. This hypothesis does not necessarily contradict the scavenging hypothesis: both subsistence strategies could have been in use – sequentially, alternating or even simultaneously.
|
Besides the endurance running hypothesis, what other theory of food collection is there?
|
{
"answer_start": [
322
],
"text": [
"scavenging hypothesis"
]
}
|
56df4e1796943c1400a5d35d
|
Hunter-gatherer
|
According to the endurance running hypothesis, long-distance running as in persistence hunting, a method still practiced by some hunter-gatherer groups in modern times, was likely the driving evolutionary force leading to the evolution of certain human characteristics. This hypothesis does not necessarily contradict the scavenging hypothesis: both subsistence strategies could have been in use – sequentially, alternating or even simultaneously.
|
What food gathering techniques could have been used by early man at the same time?
|
{
"answer_start": [
345
],
"text": [
"both subsistence strategies"
]
}
|
5acd3fff07355d001abf3a4a
|
Hunter-gatherer
|
According to the endurance running hypothesis, long-distance running as in persistence hunting, a method still practiced by some hunter-gatherer groups in modern times, was likely the driving evolutionary force leading to the evolution of certain human characteristics. This hypothesis does not necessarily contradict the scavenging hypothesis: both subsistence strategies could have been in use – sequentially, alternating or even simultaneously.
|
Short-distance running was the driving evolutionary force for what?
|
{
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
}
|
5acd3fff07355d001abf3a4b
|
Hunter-gatherer
|
According to the endurance running hypothesis, long-distance running as in persistence hunting, a method still practiced by some hunter-gatherer groups in modern times, was likely the driving evolutionary force leading to the evolution of certain human characteristics. This hypothesis does not necessarily contradict the scavenging hypothesis: both subsistence strategies could have been in use – sequentially, alternating or even simultaneously.
|
What is a method practiced by all hunter-gatherer groups in modern times?
|
{
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
}
|
5acd3fff07355d001abf3a4c
|
Hunter-gatherer
|
According to the endurance running hypothesis, long-distance running as in persistence hunting, a method still practiced by some hunter-gatherer groups in modern times, was likely the driving evolutionary force leading to the evolution of certain human characteristics. This hypothesis does not necessarily contradict the scavenging hypothesis: both subsistence strategies could have been in use – sequentially, alternating or even simultaneously.
|
The scavenging hypothesis is still practiced by which groups?
|
{
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
}
|
5acd3fff07355d001abf3a4d
|
Hunter-gatherer
|
According to the endurance running hypothesis, long-distance running as in persistence hunting, a method still practiced by some hunter-gatherer groups in modern times, was likely the driving evolutionary force leading to the evolution of certain human characteristics. This hypothesis does not necessarily contradict the scavenging hypothesis: both subsistence strategies could have been in use – sequentially, alternating or even simultaneously.
|
What contradicts with the scavenging hypothesis?
|
{
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
}
|
56df4feb96943c1400a5d377
|
Hunter-gatherer
|
Hunting and gathering was presumably the subsistence strategy employed by human societies beginning some 1.8 million years ago, by Homo erectus, and from its appearance some 0.2 million years ago by Homo sapiens. It remained the only mode of subsistence until the end of the Mesolithic period some 10,000 years ago, and after this was replaced only gradually with the spread of the Neolithic Revolution.
|
When did human populations begin using hunting-gathering?
|
{
"answer_start": [
105
],
"text": [
"1.8 million years ago"
]
}
|
56df4feb96943c1400a5d378
|
Hunter-gatherer
|
Hunting and gathering was presumably the subsistence strategy employed by human societies beginning some 1.8 million years ago, by Homo erectus, and from its appearance some 0.2 million years ago by Homo sapiens. It remained the only mode of subsistence until the end of the Mesolithic period some 10,000 years ago, and after this was replaced only gradually with the spread of the Neolithic Revolution.
|
What phase of human used subsistence strategies to find food?
|
{
"answer_start": [
131
],
"text": [
"Homo erectus"
]
}
|
56df4feb96943c1400a5d379
|
Hunter-gatherer
|
Hunting and gathering was presumably the subsistence strategy employed by human societies beginning some 1.8 million years ago, by Homo erectus, and from its appearance some 0.2 million years ago by Homo sapiens. It remained the only mode of subsistence until the end of the Mesolithic period some 10,000 years ago, and after this was replaced only gradually with the spread of the Neolithic Revolution.
|
When did Homo sapiens begin using subsistence gathering?
|
{
"answer_start": [
174
],
"text": [
"0.2 million years ago"
]
}
|
56df4feb96943c1400a5d37a
|
Hunter-gatherer
|
Hunting and gathering was presumably the subsistence strategy employed by human societies beginning some 1.8 million years ago, by Homo erectus, and from its appearance some 0.2 million years ago by Homo sapiens. It remained the only mode of subsistence until the end of the Mesolithic period some 10,000 years ago, and after this was replaced only gradually with the spread of the Neolithic Revolution.
|
When did hunting-gathering begin to fade from use?
|
{
"answer_start": [
298
],
"text": [
"10,000 years ago"
]
}
|
56df4feb96943c1400a5d37b
|
Hunter-gatherer
|
Hunting and gathering was presumably the subsistence strategy employed by human societies beginning some 1.8 million years ago, by Homo erectus, and from its appearance some 0.2 million years ago by Homo sapiens. It remained the only mode of subsistence until the end of the Mesolithic period some 10,000 years ago, and after this was replaced only gradually with the spread of the Neolithic Revolution.
|
What began replacing hunting-gathering at the end of the Mesolithic period?
|
{
"answer_start": [
382
],
"text": [
"Neolithic Revolution"
]
}
|
5acd421407355d001abf3ab6
|
Hunter-gatherer
|
Hunting and gathering was presumably the subsistence strategy employed by human societies beginning some 1.8 million years ago, by Homo erectus, and from its appearance some 0.2 million years ago by Homo sapiens. It remained the only mode of subsistence until the end of the Mesolithic period some 10,000 years ago, and after this was replaced only gradually with the spread of the Neolithic Revolution.
|
What remained the only mode of subsistence until the end of the Paleolithic period?
|
{
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
}
|
5acd421407355d001abf3ab7
|
Hunter-gatherer
|
Hunting and gathering was presumably the subsistence strategy employed by human societies beginning some 1.8 million years ago, by Homo erectus, and from its appearance some 0.2 million years ago by Homo sapiens. It remained the only mode of subsistence until the end of the Mesolithic period some 10,000 years ago, and after this was replaced only gradually with the spread of the Neolithic Revolution.
|
What was replaced only gradually with the spread of the Mesolithic Revolution?
|
{
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
}
|
5acd421407355d001abf3ab8
|
Hunter-gatherer
|
Hunting and gathering was presumably the subsistence strategy employed by human societies beginning some 1.8 million years ago, by Homo erectus, and from its appearance some 0.2 million years ago by Homo sapiens. It remained the only mode of subsistence until the end of the Mesolithic period some 10,000 years ago, and after this was replaced only gradually with the spread of the Neolithic Revolution.
|
The Neolithic Period ended how many years ago?
|
{
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
}
|
5acd421407355d001abf3ab9
|
Hunter-gatherer
|
Hunting and gathering was presumably the subsistence strategy employed by human societies beginning some 1.8 million years ago, by Homo erectus, and from its appearance some 0.2 million years ago by Homo sapiens. It remained the only mode of subsistence until the end of the Mesolithic period some 10,000 years ago, and after this was replaced only gradually with the spread of the Neolithic Revolution.
|
Which revolution spread rapidly?
|
{
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
}
|
5acd421407355d001abf3aba
|
Hunter-gatherer
|
Hunting and gathering was presumably the subsistence strategy employed by human societies beginning some 1.8 million years ago, by Homo erectus, and from its appearance some 0.2 million years ago by Homo sapiens. It remained the only mode of subsistence until the end of the Mesolithic period some 10,000 years ago, and after this was replaced only gradually with the spread of the Neolithic Revolution.
|
Which subsistence strategy started with the Neolithic Revolution?
|
{
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
}
|
56df609296943c1400a5d475
|
Hunter-gatherer
|
Starting at the transition between the Middle to Upper Paleolithic period, some 80,000 to 70,000 years ago, some hunter-gatherers bands began to specialize, concentrating on hunting a smaller selection of (often larger) game and gathering a smaller selection of food. This specialization of work also involved creating specialized tools, like fishing nets and hooks and bone harpoons. The transition into the subsequent Neolithic period is chiefly defined by the unprecedented development of nascent agricultural practices. Agriculture originated and spread in several different areas including the Middle East, Asia, Mesoamerica, and the Andes beginning as early as 12,000 years ago.
|
During what period did hunter-gatherers begin to focus food collection on a more limited range?
|
{
"answer_start": [
39
],
"text": [
"Middle to Upper Paleolithic"
]
}
|
56df609296943c1400a5d476
|
Hunter-gatherer
|
Starting at the transition between the Middle to Upper Paleolithic period, some 80,000 to 70,000 years ago, some hunter-gatherers bands began to specialize, concentrating on hunting a smaller selection of (often larger) game and gathering a smaller selection of food. This specialization of work also involved creating specialized tools, like fishing nets and hooks and bone harpoons. The transition into the subsequent Neolithic period is chiefly defined by the unprecedented development of nascent agricultural practices. Agriculture originated and spread in several different areas including the Middle East, Asia, Mesoamerica, and the Andes beginning as early as 12,000 years ago.
|
How many years ago did hunting-gatherers start specializing in their collection practices?
|
{
"answer_start": [
80
],
"text": [
"80,000 to 70,000 years ago"
]
}
|
56df609296943c1400a5d478
|
Hunter-gatherer
|
Starting at the transition between the Middle to Upper Paleolithic period, some 80,000 to 70,000 years ago, some hunter-gatherers bands began to specialize, concentrating on hunting a smaller selection of (often larger) game and gathering a smaller selection of food. This specialization of work also involved creating specialized tools, like fishing nets and hooks and bone harpoons. The transition into the subsequent Neolithic period is chiefly defined by the unprecedented development of nascent agricultural practices. Agriculture originated and spread in several different areas including the Middle East, Asia, Mesoamerica, and the Andes beginning as early as 12,000 years ago.
|
What was the change in gathering?
|
{
"answer_start": [
182
],
"text": [
"a smaller selection"
]
}
|
56df609296943c1400a5d479
|
Hunter-gatherer
|
Starting at the transition between the Middle to Upper Paleolithic period, some 80,000 to 70,000 years ago, some hunter-gatherers bands began to specialize, concentrating on hunting a smaller selection of (often larger) game and gathering a smaller selection of food. This specialization of work also involved creating specialized tools, like fishing nets and hooks and bone harpoons. The transition into the subsequent Neolithic period is chiefly defined by the unprecedented development of nascent agricultural practices. Agriculture originated and spread in several different areas including the Middle East, Asia, Mesoamerica, and the Andes beginning as early as 12,000 years ago.
|
When did the use of agriculture begin it's spread?
|
{
"answer_start": [
667
],
"text": [
"12,000 years ago"
]
}
|
5acd431b07355d001abf3afa
|
Hunter-gatherer
|
Starting at the transition between the Middle to Upper Paleolithic period, some 80,000 to 70,000 years ago, some hunter-gatherers bands began to specialize, concentrating on hunting a smaller selection of (often larger) game and gathering a smaller selection of food. This specialization of work also involved creating specialized tools, like fishing nets and hooks and bone harpoons. The transition into the subsequent Neolithic period is chiefly defined by the unprecedented development of nascent agricultural practices. Agriculture originated and spread in several different areas including the Middle East, Asia, Mesoamerica, and the Andes beginning as early as 12,000 years ago.
|
The transition between the Lower and Middle Paleolithic period started when?
|
{
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
}
|
5acd431b07355d001abf3afb
|
Hunter-gatherer
|
Starting at the transition between the Middle to Upper Paleolithic period, some 80,000 to 70,000 years ago, some hunter-gatherers bands began to specialize, concentrating on hunting a smaller selection of (often larger) game and gathering a smaller selection of food. This specialization of work also involved creating specialized tools, like fishing nets and hooks and bone harpoons. The transition into the subsequent Neolithic period is chiefly defined by the unprecedented development of nascent agricultural practices. Agriculture originated and spread in several different areas including the Middle East, Asia, Mesoamerica, and the Andes beginning as early as 12,000 years ago.
|
In what period did all hunter-gatherers begin to specialize?
|
{
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
}
|
5acd431b07355d001abf3afc
|
Hunter-gatherer
|
Starting at the transition between the Middle to Upper Paleolithic period, some 80,000 to 70,000 years ago, some hunter-gatherers bands began to specialize, concentrating on hunting a smaller selection of (often larger) game and gathering a smaller selection of food. This specialization of work also involved creating specialized tools, like fishing nets and hooks and bone harpoons. The transition into the subsequent Neolithic period is chiefly defined by the unprecedented development of nascent agricultural practices. Agriculture originated and spread in several different areas including the Middle East, Asia, Mesoamerica, and the Andes beginning as early as 12,000 years ago.
|
The transition into the Paleolithic period is chiefly defined by what?
|
{
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
}
|
5acd431b07355d001abf3afd
|
Hunter-gatherer
|
Starting at the transition between the Middle to Upper Paleolithic period, some 80,000 to 70,000 years ago, some hunter-gatherers bands began to specialize, concentrating on hunting a smaller selection of (often larger) game and gathering a smaller selection of food. This specialization of work also involved creating specialized tools, like fishing nets and hooks and bone harpoons. The transition into the subsequent Neolithic period is chiefly defined by the unprecedented development of nascent agricultural practices. Agriculture originated and spread in several different areas including the Middle East, Asia, Mesoamerica, and the Andes beginning as early as 12,000 years ago.
|
Agriculture ended how many years ago?
|
{
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
}
|
5acd431b07355d001abf3afe
|
Hunter-gatherer
|
Starting at the transition between the Middle to Upper Paleolithic period, some 80,000 to 70,000 years ago, some hunter-gatherers bands began to specialize, concentrating on hunting a smaller selection of (often larger) game and gathering a smaller selection of food. This specialization of work also involved creating specialized tools, like fishing nets and hooks and bone harpoons. The transition into the subsequent Neolithic period is chiefly defined by the unprecedented development of nascent agricultural practices. Agriculture originated and spread in several different areas including the Middle East, Asia, Mesoamerica, and the Andes beginning as early as 12,000 years ago.
|
When hunter-gatherers began to specialize, they concentrated on a larger selection of what?
|
{
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
}
|
56df63058bc80c19004e4b8b
|
Hunter-gatherer
|
Forest gardening was also being used as a food production system in various parts of the world over this period. Forest gardens originated in prehistoric times along jungle-clad river banks and in the wet foothills of monsoon regions.[citation needed] In the gradual process of families improving their immediate environment, useful tree and vine species were identified, protected and improved, whilst undesirable species were eliminated. Eventually superior foreign species were selected and incorporated into the gardens.
|
In what kind of area did forest gardening start?
|
{
"answer_start": [
166
],
"text": [
"jungle-clad river banks"
]
}
|
56df63058bc80c19004e4b8c
|
Hunter-gatherer
|
Forest gardening was also being used as a food production system in various parts of the world over this period. Forest gardens originated in prehistoric times along jungle-clad river banks and in the wet foothills of monsoon regions.[citation needed] In the gradual process of families improving their immediate environment, useful tree and vine species were identified, protected and improved, whilst undesirable species were eliminated. Eventually superior foreign species were selected and incorporated into the gardens.
|
In what other types of areas did forest gardening show up?
|
{
"answer_start": [
205
],
"text": [
"foothills of monsoon regions"
]
}
|
56df63058bc80c19004e4b8d
|
Hunter-gatherer
|
Forest gardening was also being used as a food production system in various parts of the world over this period. Forest gardens originated in prehistoric times along jungle-clad river banks and in the wet foothills of monsoon regions.[citation needed] In the gradual process of families improving their immediate environment, useful tree and vine species were identified, protected and improved, whilst undesirable species were eliminated. Eventually superior foreign species were selected and incorporated into the gardens.
|
What kind of plant did these early gardeners seek out?
|
{
"answer_start": [
333
],
"text": [
"tree and vine species"
]
}
|
56df63058bc80c19004e4b8e
|
Hunter-gatherer
|
Forest gardening was also being used as a food production system in various parts of the world over this period. Forest gardens originated in prehistoric times along jungle-clad river banks and in the wet foothills of monsoon regions.[citation needed] In the gradual process of families improving their immediate environment, useful tree and vine species were identified, protected and improved, whilst undesirable species were eliminated. Eventually superior foreign species were selected and incorporated into the gardens.
|
What use did forest gardeners put to tree and vines to?
|
{
"answer_start": [
360
],
"text": [
"identified, protected and improved"
]
}
|
56df63058bc80c19004e4b8f
|
Hunter-gatherer
|
Forest gardening was also being used as a food production system in various parts of the world over this period. Forest gardens originated in prehistoric times along jungle-clad river banks and in the wet foothills of monsoon regions.[citation needed] In the gradual process of families improving their immediate environment, useful tree and vine species were identified, protected and improved, whilst undesirable species were eliminated. Eventually superior foreign species were selected and incorporated into the gardens.
|
What did these gardeners do about unwanted species?
|
{
"answer_start": [
428
],
"text": [
"eliminated"
]
}
|
5acd446b07355d001abf3b42
|
Hunter-gatherer
|
Forest gardening was also being used as a food production system in various parts of the world over this period. Forest gardens originated in prehistoric times along jungle-clad river banks and in the wet foothills of monsoon regions.[citation needed] In the gradual process of families improving their immediate environment, useful tree and vine species were identified, protected and improved, whilst undesirable species were eliminated. Eventually superior foreign species were selected and incorporated into the gardens.
|
What type of gardens originated in modern times?
|
{
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
}
|
5acd446b07355d001abf3b43
|
Hunter-gatherer
|
Forest gardening was also being used as a food production system in various parts of the world over this period. Forest gardens originated in prehistoric times along jungle-clad river banks and in the wet foothills of monsoon regions.[citation needed] In the gradual process of families improving their immediate environment, useful tree and vine species were identified, protected and improved, whilst undesirable species were eliminated. Eventually superior foreign species were selected and incorporated into the gardens.
|
What type of gardens were located in the dry foothills of monsoon regions?
|
{
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
}
|
5acd446b07355d001abf3b44
|
Hunter-gatherer
|
Forest gardening was also being used as a food production system in various parts of the world over this period. Forest gardens originated in prehistoric times along jungle-clad river banks and in the wet foothills of monsoon regions.[citation needed] In the gradual process of families improving their immediate environment, useful tree and vine species were identified, protected and improved, whilst undesirable species were eliminated. Eventually superior foreign species were selected and incorporated into the gardens.
|
Inferior foreign species were selected and incorporated where?
|
{
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
}
|
5acd446b07355d001abf3b45
|
Hunter-gatherer
|
Forest gardening was also being used as a food production system in various parts of the world over this period. Forest gardens originated in prehistoric times along jungle-clad river banks and in the wet foothills of monsoon regions.[citation needed] In the gradual process of families improving their immediate environment, useful tree and vine species were identified, protected and improved, whilst undesirable species were eliminated. Eventually superior foreign species were selected and incorporated into the gardens.
|
What was being used as a food production system in all parts of the world?
|
{
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
}
|
5acd446b07355d001abf3b46
|
Hunter-gatherer
|
Forest gardening was also being used as a food production system in various parts of the world over this period. Forest gardens originated in prehistoric times along jungle-clad river banks and in the wet foothills of monsoon regions.[citation needed] In the gradual process of families improving their immediate environment, useful tree and vine species were identified, protected and improved, whilst undesirable species were eliminated. Eventually superior foreign species were selected and incorporated into the gardens.
|
When families were trying to ruin their immediate environment, undesirable species were what?
|
{
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
}
|
56df680f8bc80c19004e4bdd
|
Hunter-gatherer
|
Many groups continued their hunter-gatherer ways of life, although their numbers have continually declined, partly as a result of pressure from growing agricultural and pastoral communities. Many of them reside in the developing world, either in arid regions or tropical forests. Areas that were formerly available to hunter-gatherers were—and continue to be—encroached upon by the settlements of agriculturalists. In the resulting competition for land use, hunter-gatherer societies either adopted these practices or moved to other areas. In addition, Jared Diamond has blamed a decline in the availability of wild foods, particularly animal resources. In North and South America, for example, most large mammal species had gone extinct by the end of the Pleistocene—according to Diamond, because of overexploitation by humans, although the overkill hypothesis he advocates is strongly contested.[by whom?]
|
Where do many modern day hunter-gatherers live?
|
{
"answer_start": [
211
],
"text": [
"in the developing world"
]
}
|
56df680f8bc80c19004e4bde
|
Hunter-gatherer
|
Many groups continued their hunter-gatherer ways of life, although their numbers have continually declined, partly as a result of pressure from growing agricultural and pastoral communities. Many of them reside in the developing world, either in arid regions or tropical forests. Areas that were formerly available to hunter-gatherers were—and continue to be—encroached upon by the settlements of agriculturalists. In the resulting competition for land use, hunter-gatherer societies either adopted these practices or moved to other areas. In addition, Jared Diamond has blamed a decline in the availability of wild foods, particularly animal resources. In North and South America, for example, most large mammal species had gone extinct by the end of the Pleistocene—according to Diamond, because of overexploitation by humans, although the overkill hypothesis he advocates is strongly contested.[by whom?]
|
In what type of climate do hunter-gatherers live?
|
{
"answer_start": [
246
],
"text": [
"arid regions or tropical forests"
]
}
|
56df680f8bc80c19004e4bdf
|
Hunter-gatherer
|
Many groups continued their hunter-gatherer ways of life, although their numbers have continually declined, partly as a result of pressure from growing agricultural and pastoral communities. Many of them reside in the developing world, either in arid regions or tropical forests. Areas that were formerly available to hunter-gatherers were—and continue to be—encroached upon by the settlements of agriculturalists. In the resulting competition for land use, hunter-gatherer societies either adopted these practices or moved to other areas. In addition, Jared Diamond has blamed a decline in the availability of wild foods, particularly animal resources. In North and South America, for example, most large mammal species had gone extinct by the end of the Pleistocene—according to Diamond, because of overexploitation by humans, although the overkill hypothesis he advocates is strongly contested.[by whom?]
|
What kind of human life-style is pushing hunter-gatherers out of their environment?
|
{
"answer_start": [
382
],
"text": [
"settlements of agriculturalists"
]
}
|
56df680f8bc80c19004e4be0
|
Hunter-gatherer
|
Many groups continued their hunter-gatherer ways of life, although their numbers have continually declined, partly as a result of pressure from growing agricultural and pastoral communities. Many of them reside in the developing world, either in arid regions or tropical forests. Areas that were formerly available to hunter-gatherers were—and continue to be—encroached upon by the settlements of agriculturalists. In the resulting competition for land use, hunter-gatherer societies either adopted these practices or moved to other areas. In addition, Jared Diamond has blamed a decline in the availability of wild foods, particularly animal resources. In North and South America, for example, most large mammal species had gone extinct by the end of the Pleistocene—according to Diamond, because of overexploitation by humans, although the overkill hypothesis he advocates is strongly contested.[by whom?]
|
What has Jared Diamond blamed the decline of gatherers on?
|
{
"answer_start": [
595
],
"text": [
"availability of wild foods"
]
}
|
56df680f8bc80c19004e4be1
|
Hunter-gatherer
|
Many groups continued their hunter-gatherer ways of life, although their numbers have continually declined, partly as a result of pressure from growing agricultural and pastoral communities. Many of them reside in the developing world, either in arid regions or tropical forests. Areas that were formerly available to hunter-gatherers were—and continue to be—encroached upon by the settlements of agriculturalists. In the resulting competition for land use, hunter-gatherer societies either adopted these practices or moved to other areas. In addition, Jared Diamond has blamed a decline in the availability of wild foods, particularly animal resources. In North and South America, for example, most large mammal species had gone extinct by the end of the Pleistocene—according to Diamond, because of overexploitation by humans, although the overkill hypothesis he advocates is strongly contested.[by whom?]
|
What type of food animal went extict by the end of the Pleistocene era?
|
{
"answer_start": [
700
],
"text": [
"large mammal species"
]
}
|
5acd454907355d001abf3b7e
|
Hunter-gatherer
|
Many groups continued their hunter-gatherer ways of life, although their numbers have continually declined, partly as a result of pressure from growing agricultural and pastoral communities. Many of them reside in the developing world, either in arid regions or tropical forests. Areas that were formerly available to hunter-gatherers were—and continue to be—encroached upon by the settlements of agriculturalists. In the resulting competition for land use, hunter-gatherer societies either adopted these practices or moved to other areas. In addition, Jared Diamond has blamed a decline in the availability of wild foods, particularly animal resources. In North and South America, for example, most large mammal species had gone extinct by the end of the Pleistocene—according to Diamond, because of overexploitation by humans, although the overkill hypothesis he advocates is strongly contested.[by whom?]
|
What groups have continually increased in numbers?
|
{
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
}
|
5acd454907355d001abf3b7f
|
Hunter-gatherer
|
Many groups continued their hunter-gatherer ways of life, although their numbers have continually declined, partly as a result of pressure from growing agricultural and pastoral communities. Many of them reside in the developing world, either in arid regions or tropical forests. Areas that were formerly available to hunter-gatherers were—and continue to be—encroached upon by the settlements of agriculturalists. In the resulting competition for land use, hunter-gatherer societies either adopted these practices or moved to other areas. In addition, Jared Diamond has blamed a decline in the availability of wild foods, particularly animal resources. In North and South America, for example, most large mammal species had gone extinct by the end of the Pleistocene—according to Diamond, because of overexploitation by humans, although the overkill hypothesis he advocates is strongly contested.[by whom?]
|
All large mammal species have gone extinct in what countries?
|
{
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
}
|
5acd454907355d001abf3b80
|
Hunter-gatherer
|
Many groups continued their hunter-gatherer ways of life, although their numbers have continually declined, partly as a result of pressure from growing agricultural and pastoral communities. Many of them reside in the developing world, either in arid regions or tropical forests. Areas that were formerly available to hunter-gatherers were—and continue to be—encroached upon by the settlements of agriculturalists. In the resulting competition for land use, hunter-gatherer societies either adopted these practices or moved to other areas. In addition, Jared Diamond has blamed a decline in the availability of wild foods, particularly animal resources. In North and South America, for example, most large mammal species had gone extinct by the end of the Pleistocene—according to Diamond, because of overexploitation by humans, although the overkill hypothesis he advocates is strongly contested.[by whom?]
|
Because of overpopulation, most large mammal species have what?
|
{
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
}
|
5acd454907355d001abf3b81
|
Hunter-gatherer
|
Many groups continued their hunter-gatherer ways of life, although their numbers have continually declined, partly as a result of pressure from growing agricultural and pastoral communities. Many of them reside in the developing world, either in arid regions or tropical forests. Areas that were formerly available to hunter-gatherers were—and continue to be—encroached upon by the settlements of agriculturalists. In the resulting competition for land use, hunter-gatherer societies either adopted these practices or moved to other areas. In addition, Jared Diamond has blamed a decline in the availability of wild foods, particularly animal resources. In North and South America, for example, most large mammal species had gone extinct by the end of the Pleistocene—according to Diamond, because of overexploitation by humans, although the overkill hypothesis he advocates is strongly contested.[by whom?]
|
All hunter-gatherer groups reside where?
|
{
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
}
|
5acd454907355d001abf3b82
|
Hunter-gatherer
|
Many groups continued their hunter-gatherer ways of life, although their numbers have continually declined, partly as a result of pressure from growing agricultural and pastoral communities. Many of them reside in the developing world, either in arid regions or tropical forests. Areas that were formerly available to hunter-gatherers were—and continue to be—encroached upon by the settlements of agriculturalists. In the resulting competition for land use, hunter-gatherer societies either adopted these practices or moved to other areas. In addition, Jared Diamond has blamed a decline in the availability of wild foods, particularly animal resources. In North and South America, for example, most large mammal species had gone extinct by the end of the Pleistocene—according to Diamond, because of overexploitation by humans, although the overkill hypothesis he advocates is strongly contested.[by whom?]
|
Competition for land use results in which societies remaining where they are?
|
{
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
}
|
56df76b85ca0a614008f9ab9
|
Hunter-gatherer
|
As the number and size of agricultural societies increased, they expanded into lands traditionally used by hunter-gatherers. This process of agriculture-driven expansion led to the development of the first forms of government in agricultural centers, such as the Fertile Crescent, Ancient India, Ancient China, Olmec, Sub-Saharan Africa and Norte Chico.
|
Who expanded into the territory of hunter-gathers?
|
{
"answer_start": [
26
],
"text": [
"agricultural societies"
]
}
|
56df76b85ca0a614008f9aba
|
Hunter-gatherer
|
As the number and size of agricultural societies increased, they expanded into lands traditionally used by hunter-gatherers. This process of agriculture-driven expansion led to the development of the first forms of government in agricultural centers, such as the Fertile Crescent, Ancient India, Ancient China, Olmec, Sub-Saharan Africa and Norte Chico.
|
What did the increase in agricultural areas produce?
|
{
"answer_start": [
200
],
"text": [
"first forms of government"
]
}
|
56df76b85ca0a614008f9abb
|
Hunter-gatherer
|
As the number and size of agricultural societies increased, they expanded into lands traditionally used by hunter-gatherers. This process of agriculture-driven expansion led to the development of the first forms of government in agricultural centers, such as the Fertile Crescent, Ancient India, Ancient China, Olmec, Sub-Saharan Africa and Norte Chico.
|
What were the Fertile Crescent and Ancient India ?
|
{
"answer_start": [
229
],
"text": [
"agricultural centers"
]
}
|
56df76b85ca0a614008f9abc
|
Hunter-gatherer
|
As the number and size of agricultural societies increased, they expanded into lands traditionally used by hunter-gatherers. This process of agriculture-driven expansion led to the development of the first forms of government in agricultural centers, such as the Fertile Crescent, Ancient India, Ancient China, Olmec, Sub-Saharan Africa and Norte Chico.
|
What type of expansion was it in places like the Fertile Crescent?
|
{
"answer_start": [
141
],
"text": [
"agriculture-driven"
]
}
|
56df76b85ca0a614008f9abd
|
Hunter-gatherer
|
As the number and size of agricultural societies increased, they expanded into lands traditionally used by hunter-gatherers. This process of agriculture-driven expansion led to the development of the first forms of government in agricultural centers, such as the Fertile Crescent, Ancient India, Ancient China, Olmec, Sub-Saharan Africa and Norte Chico.
|
Why did agricultural societies push into hunter-gatherer areas?
|
{
"answer_start": [
26
],
"text": [
"agricultural societies increased"
]
}
|
5acd4d5207355d001abf3c7a
|
Hunter-gatherer
|
As the number and size of agricultural societies increased, they expanded into lands traditionally used by hunter-gatherers. This process of agriculture-driven expansion led to the development of the first forms of government in agricultural centers, such as the Fertile Crescent, Ancient India, Ancient China, Olmec, Sub-Saharan Africa and Norte Chico.
|
What were some of the second forms of government in agricultural centers?
|
{
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
}
|
5acd4d5207355d001abf3c7b
|
Hunter-gatherer
|
As the number and size of agricultural societies increased, they expanded into lands traditionally used by hunter-gatherers. This process of agriculture-driven expansion led to the development of the first forms of government in agricultural centers, such as the Fertile Crescent, Ancient India, Ancient China, Olmec, Sub-Saharan Africa and Norte Chico.
|
As the number and size of agricultural societies decreased, what happened?
|
{
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
}
|
5acd4d5207355d001abf3c7c
|
Hunter-gatherer
|
As the number and size of agricultural societies increased, they expanded into lands traditionally used by hunter-gatherers. This process of agriculture-driven expansion led to the development of the first forms of government in agricultural centers, such as the Fertile Crescent, Ancient India, Ancient China, Olmec, Sub-Saharan Africa and Norte Chico.
|
The process of fores-driven expansion led to what?
|
{
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
}
|
5acd4d5207355d001abf3c7d
|
Hunter-gatherer
|
As the number and size of agricultural societies increased, they expanded into lands traditionally used by hunter-gatherers. This process of agriculture-driven expansion led to the development of the first forms of government in agricultural centers, such as the Fertile Crescent, Ancient India, Ancient China, Olmec, Sub-Saharan Africa and Norte Chico.
|
The lands traditionally used by hunter-gatherers were overtaken by what forms of government?
|
{
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
}
|
5acd4d5207355d001abf3c7e
|
Hunter-gatherer
|
As the number and size of agricultural societies increased, they expanded into lands traditionally used by hunter-gatherers. This process of agriculture-driven expansion led to the development of the first forms of government in agricultural centers, such as the Fertile Crescent, Ancient India, Ancient China, Olmec, Sub-Saharan Africa and Norte Chico.
|
What type of development led to agricultural expansion?
|
{
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
}
|
56df8cfc4a1a83140091eb2e
|
Hunter-gatherer
|
As a result of the now near-universal human reliance upon agriculture, the few contemporary hunter-gatherer cultures usually live in areas unsuitable for agricultural use.
|
What type of areas do modern hunter-gathers live in?
|
{
"answer_start": [
139
],
"text": [
"unsuitable for agricultural use"
]
}
|
56df8cfc4a1a83140091eb2f
|
Hunter-gatherer
|
As a result of the now near-universal human reliance upon agriculture, the few contemporary hunter-gatherer cultures usually live in areas unsuitable for agricultural use.
|
How many modern hunter-gatherer cultures are there?
|
{
"answer_start": [
75
],
"text": [
"few"
]
}
|
56df8cfc4a1a83140091eb30
|
Hunter-gatherer
|
As a result of the now near-universal human reliance upon agriculture, the few contemporary hunter-gatherer cultures usually live in areas unsuitable for agricultural use.
|
What do people basically rely on now?
|
{
"answer_start": [
58
],
"text": [
"agriculture"
]
}
|
56df8cfc4a1a83140091eb31
|
Hunter-gatherer
|
As a result of the now near-universal human reliance upon agriculture, the few contemporary hunter-gatherer cultures usually live in areas unsuitable for agricultural use.
|
Who lives in areas not usable for agriculture?
|
{
"answer_start": [
92
],
"text": [
"hunter-gatherer cultures"
]
}
|
56df8cfc4a1a83140091eb32
|
Hunter-gatherer
|
As a result of the now near-universal human reliance upon agriculture, the few contemporary hunter-gatherer cultures usually live in areas unsuitable for agricultural use.
|
What kind of food production is worldwide now?
|
{
"answer_start": [
44
],
"text": [
"reliance upon agriculture"
]
}
|
5acd4e5007355d001abf3ca2
|
Hunter-gatherer
|
As a result of the now near-universal human reliance upon agriculture, the few contemporary hunter-gatherer cultures usually live in areas unsuitable for agricultural use.
|
The many contemporary hunter-gatherer cultures usually live where?
|
{
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
}
|
5acd4e5007355d001abf3ca3
|
Hunter-gatherer
|
As a result of the now near-universal human reliance upon agriculture, the few contemporary hunter-gatherer cultures usually live in areas unsuitable for agricultural use.
|
Humans almost never rely on what?
|
{
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
}
|
5acd4e5007355d001abf3ca4
|
Hunter-gatherer
|
As a result of the now near-universal human reliance upon agriculture, the few contemporary hunter-gatherer cultures usually live in areas unsuitable for agricultural use.
|
What cultures live in areas suitable for agricultural use?
|
{
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
}
|
5acd4e5007355d001abf3ca5
|
Hunter-gatherer
|
As a result of the now near-universal human reliance upon agriculture, the few contemporary hunter-gatherer cultures usually live in areas unsuitable for agricultural use.
|
Ancient hunter-gatherer cultures lived where?
|
{
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
}
|
5acd4e5007355d001abf3ca6
|
Hunter-gatherer
|
As a result of the now near-universal human reliance upon agriculture, the few contemporary hunter-gatherer cultures usually live in areas unsuitable for agricultural use.
|
How many cultures rely on agriculture?
|
{
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
}
|
56df8e9338dc421700152048
|
Hunter-gatherer
|
Most hunter-gatherers are nomadic or semi-nomadic and live in temporary settlements. Mobile communities typically construct shelters using impermanent building materials, or they may use natural rock shelters, where they are available.
|
What is the lifestyle of hunter-gatherers?
|
{
"answer_start": [
26
],
"text": [
"nomadic or semi-nomadic"
]
}
|
56df8e9338dc421700152049
|
Hunter-gatherer
|
Most hunter-gatherers are nomadic or semi-nomadic and live in temporary settlements. Mobile communities typically construct shelters using impermanent building materials, or they may use natural rock shelters, where they are available.
|
What is the permanence of hunter-gatherer settlements?
|
{
"answer_start": [
62
],
"text": [
"temporary"
]
}
|
56df8e9338dc42170015204a
|
Hunter-gatherer
|
Most hunter-gatherers are nomadic or semi-nomadic and live in temporary settlements. Mobile communities typically construct shelters using impermanent building materials, or they may use natural rock shelters, where they are available.
|
What kind of building materials do they use?
|
{
"answer_start": [
139
],
"text": [
"impermanent"
]
}
|
56df8e9338dc42170015204b
|
Hunter-gatherer
|
Most hunter-gatherers are nomadic or semi-nomadic and live in temporary settlements. Mobile communities typically construct shelters using impermanent building materials, or they may use natural rock shelters, where they are available.
|
What kind of natural structure do hunter-gatherers use?
|
{
"answer_start": [
195
],
"text": [
"rock shelters"
]
}
|
56df8e9338dc42170015204c
|
Hunter-gatherer
|
Most hunter-gatherers are nomadic or semi-nomadic and live in temporary settlements. Mobile communities typically construct shelters using impermanent building materials, or they may use natural rock shelters, where they are available.
|
What is the movement ability of hunter-gathers?
|
{
"answer_start": [
85
],
"text": [
"Mobile communities"
]
}
|
5acd4efe07355d001abf3cb6
|
Hunter-gatherer
|
Most hunter-gatherers are nomadic or semi-nomadic and live in temporary settlements. Mobile communities typically construct shelters using impermanent building materials, or they may use natural rock shelters, where they are available.
|
Few hunter-gatherers live in what kind of settlements?
|
{
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
}
|
5acd4efe07355d001abf3cb7
|
Hunter-gatherer
|
Most hunter-gatherers are nomadic or semi-nomadic and live in temporary settlements. Mobile communities typically construct shelters using impermanent building materials, or they may use natural rock shelters, where they are available.
|
Permanent communities typically construct what?
|
{
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
}
|
5acd4efe07355d001abf3cb8
|
Hunter-gatherer
|
Most hunter-gatherers are nomadic or semi-nomadic and live in temporary settlements. Mobile communities typically construct shelters using impermanent building materials, or they may use natural rock shelters, where they are available.
|
What communities use natural wood shelters?
|
{
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
}
|
5acd4efe07355d001abf3cb9
|
Hunter-gatherer
|
Most hunter-gatherers are nomadic or semi-nomadic and live in temporary settlements. Mobile communities typically construct shelters using impermanent building materials, or they may use natural rock shelters, where they are available.
|
Which communities construct shelters using permanent building materials?
|
{
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
}
|
5acd4efe07355d001abf3cba
|
Hunter-gatherer
|
Most hunter-gatherers are nomadic or semi-nomadic and live in temporary settlements. Mobile communities typically construct shelters using impermanent building materials, or they may use natural rock shelters, where they are available.
|
Which communities do not live a nomadic or semi-nomadic life?
|
{
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
}
|
56df907838dc42170015205a
|
Hunter-gatherer
|
Some hunter-gatherer cultures, such as the indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest Coast, lived in particularly rich environments that allowed them to be sedentary or semi-sedentary.
|
What kind of area allowed a more permanent settlement?
|
{
"answer_start": [
116
],
"text": [
"rich environments"
]
}
|
56df907838dc42170015205b
|
Hunter-gatherer
|
Some hunter-gatherer cultures, such as the indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest Coast, lived in particularly rich environments that allowed them to be sedentary or semi-sedentary.
|
What is the life style of the indigenous people of the Pacific Northwest?
|
{
"answer_start": [
5
],
"text": [
"hunter-gatherer"
]
}
|
56df907838dc42170015205c
|
Hunter-gatherer
|
Some hunter-gatherer cultures, such as the indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest Coast, lived in particularly rich environments that allowed them to be sedentary or semi-sedentary.
|
What does a lush environment allow hunter-gatherers to be?
|
{
"answer_start": [
158
],
"text": [
"sedentary or semi-sedentary"
]
}
|
56df907838dc42170015205d
|
Hunter-gatherer
|
Some hunter-gatherer cultures, such as the indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest Coast, lived in particularly rich environments that allowed them to be sedentary or semi-sedentary.
|
What kind of environment is the Pacific Northwest?
|
{
"answer_start": [
116
],
"text": [
"rich environments"
]
}
|
56df907838dc42170015205e
|
Hunter-gatherer
|
Some hunter-gatherer cultures, such as the indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest Coast, lived in particularly rich environments that allowed them to be sedentary or semi-sedentary.
|
What are the indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest?
|
{
"answer_start": [
5
],
"text": [
"hunter-gatherer cultures"
]
}
|
5acd4fef07355d001abf3cd2
|
Hunter-gatherer
|
Some hunter-gatherer cultures, such as the indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest Coast, lived in particularly rich environments that allowed them to be sedentary or semi-sedentary.
|
What cultures live in barren environments?
|
{
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
}
|
5acd4fef07355d001abf3cd3
|
Hunter-gatherer
|
Some hunter-gatherer cultures, such as the indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest Coast, lived in particularly rich environments that allowed them to be sedentary or semi-sedentary.
|
Which people lived in environments that allowed them to be nomadic?
|
{
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
}
|
5acd4fef07355d001abf3cd4
|
Hunter-gatherer
|
Some hunter-gatherer cultures, such as the indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest Coast, lived in particularly rich environments that allowed them to be sedentary or semi-sedentary.
|
What kind of environment allowed for a nomadic existence?
|
{
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
}
|
5acd4fef07355d001abf3cd5
|
Hunter-gatherer
|
Some hunter-gatherer cultures, such as the indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest Coast, lived in particularly rich environments that allowed them to be sedentary or semi-sedentary.
|
The peoples of the Pacific West Coast lived in what kind of environment?
|
{
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
}
|
5acd4fef07355d001abf3cd6
|
Hunter-gatherer
|
Some hunter-gatherer cultures, such as the indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest Coast, lived in particularly rich environments that allowed them to be sedentary or semi-sedentary.
|
The peoples of the Pacific East Coast lived what kind of lifestyle?
|
{
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
}
|
56df92d24a1a83140091eb58
|
Hunter-gatherer
|
Hunter-gatherers tend to have an egalitarian social ethos, although settled hunter-gatherers (for example, those inhabiting the Northwest Coast of North America) are an exception to this rule. Nearly all African hunter-gatherers are egalitarian, with women roughly as influential and powerful as men.
|
What is the social style of hunter-gather societies?
|
{
"answer_start": [
33
],
"text": [
"egalitarian"
]
}
|
56df92d24a1a83140091eb5a
|
Hunter-gatherer
|
Hunter-gatherers tend to have an egalitarian social ethos, although settled hunter-gatherers (for example, those inhabiting the Northwest Coast of North America) are an exception to this rule. Nearly all African hunter-gatherers are egalitarian, with women roughly as influential and powerful as men.
|
Where do people who are an exception to egalitarianism live?
|
{
"answer_start": [
128
],
"text": [
"Northwest Coast of North America"
]
}
|
56df92d24a1a83140091eb5b
|
Hunter-gatherer
|
Hunter-gatherers tend to have an egalitarian social ethos, although settled hunter-gatherers (for example, those inhabiting the Northwest Coast of North America) are an exception to this rule. Nearly all African hunter-gatherers are egalitarian, with women roughly as influential and powerful as men.
|
what group of hunter-gatherers are nearly all egalitarian?
|
{
"answer_start": [
204
],
"text": [
"African"
]
}
|
5acd50b607355d001abf3ce6
|
Hunter-gatherer
|
Hunter-gatherers tend to have an egalitarian social ethos, although settled hunter-gatherers (for example, those inhabiting the Northwest Coast of North America) are an exception to this rule. Nearly all African hunter-gatherers are egalitarian, with women roughly as influential and powerful as men.
|
Nomadic hunter-gatherers are an exception to what rule?
|
{
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
}
|
5acd50b607355d001abf3ce7
|
Hunter-gatherer
|
Hunter-gatherers tend to have an egalitarian social ethos, although settled hunter-gatherers (for example, those inhabiting the Northwest Coast of North America) are an exception to this rule. Nearly all African hunter-gatherers are egalitarian, with women roughly as influential and powerful as men.
|
Those inhabiting the Northeast Coast of North America are what kind of of hunter-gatherers?
|
{
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
}
|
5acd50b607355d001abf3ce8
|
Hunter-gatherer
|
Hunter-gatherers tend to have an egalitarian social ethos, although settled hunter-gatherers (for example, those inhabiting the Northwest Coast of North America) are an exception to this rule. Nearly all African hunter-gatherers are egalitarian, with women roughly as influential and powerful as men.
|
Very few African hunter-gatherers are what?
|
{
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
}
|
5acd50b607355d001abf3ce9
|
Hunter-gatherer
|
Hunter-gatherers tend to have an egalitarian social ethos, although settled hunter-gatherers (for example, those inhabiting the Northwest Coast of North America) are an exception to this rule. Nearly all African hunter-gatherers are egalitarian, with women roughly as influential and powerful as men.
|
In American culture, women are roughly what?
|
{
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
}
|
5acd50b607355d001abf3cea
|
Hunter-gatherer
|
Hunter-gatherers tend to have an egalitarian social ethos, although settled hunter-gatherers (for example, those inhabiting the Northwest Coast of North America) are an exception to this rule. Nearly all African hunter-gatherers are egalitarian, with women roughly as influential and powerful as men.
|
Women are not at all influential and powerful in what culture?
|
{
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
}
|
56df9c2a38dc4217001520da
|
Hunter-gatherer
|
The egalitarianism typical of human hunters and gatherers is never total, but is striking when viewed in an evolutionary context. One of humanity's two closest primate relatives, chimpanzees, are anything but egalitarian, forming themselves into hierarchies that are often dominated by an alpha male. So great is the contrast with human hunter-gatherers that it is widely argued by palaeoanthropologists that resistance to being dominated was a key factor driving the evolutionary emergence of human consciousness, language, kinship and social organization.
|
How is it interesting to view hunter-gatherers' egalitarianism?
|
{
"answer_start": [
102
],
"text": [
"in an evolutionary context"
]
}
|
56df9c2a38dc4217001520db
|
Hunter-gatherer
|
The egalitarianism typical of human hunters and gatherers is never total, but is striking when viewed in an evolutionary context. One of humanity's two closest primate relatives, chimpanzees, are anything but egalitarian, forming themselves into hierarchies that are often dominated by an alpha male. So great is the contrast with human hunter-gatherers that it is widely argued by palaeoanthropologists that resistance to being dominated was a key factor driving the evolutionary emergence of human consciousness, language, kinship and social organization.
|
What do chimpanzees act like as pertains to being egalitarianism?
|
{
"answer_start": [
196
],
"text": [
"anything but egalitarian"
]
}
|
56df9c2a38dc4217001520dc
|
Hunter-gatherer
|
The egalitarianism typical of human hunters and gatherers is never total, but is striking when viewed in an evolutionary context. One of humanity's two closest primate relatives, chimpanzees, are anything but egalitarian, forming themselves into hierarchies that are often dominated by an alpha male. So great is the contrast with human hunter-gatherers that it is widely argued by palaeoanthropologists that resistance to being dominated was a key factor driving the evolutionary emergence of human consciousness, language, kinship and social organization.
|
How do chimpanzees arrange themselves in a group setting?
|
{
"answer_start": [
241
],
"text": [
"into hierarchies"
]
}
|
56df9c2a38dc4217001520dd
|
Hunter-gatherer
|
The egalitarianism typical of human hunters and gatherers is never total, but is striking when viewed in an evolutionary context. One of humanity's two closest primate relatives, chimpanzees, are anything but egalitarian, forming themselves into hierarchies that are often dominated by an alpha male. So great is the contrast with human hunter-gatherers that it is widely argued by palaeoanthropologists that resistance to being dominated was a key factor driving the evolutionary emergence of human consciousness, language, kinship and social organization.
|
What is the dominate one in a chimpanzee group?
|
{
"answer_start": [
289
],
"text": [
"alpha male"
]
}
|
5acd518d07355d001abf3d16
|
Hunter-gatherer
|
The egalitarianism typical of human hunters and gatherers is never total, but is striking when viewed in an evolutionary context. One of humanity's two closest primate relatives, chimpanzees, are anything but egalitarian, forming themselves into hierarchies that are often dominated by an alpha male. So great is the contrast with human hunter-gatherers that it is widely argued by palaeoanthropologists that resistance to being dominated was a key factor driving the evolutionary emergence of human consciousness, language, kinship and social organization.
|
Humanity's closest primate relatives are the what?
|
{
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
}
|
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