decodingchris/clean_squad_classic_v2 · Datasets at Hugging Face

id stringlengths 24 24	title stringclasses 442 values	context stringlengths 151 3.71k	question stringlengths 12 270	answers dict
5acd219c07355d001abf3616	Aspirated_consonant	Icelandic and Faroese have preaspirated [ʰp ʰt ʰk]; some scholars interpret these as consonant clusters as well. In Icelandic, preaspirated stops contrast with double stops and single stops:	Symbol clusters exists in which two languages?	{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }
56e06851231d4119001ac0b5	Aspirated_consonant	Preaspirated stops also occur in most Sami languages; for example, in North Sami, the unvoiced stop and affricate phonemes /p/, /t/, /ts/, /tʃ/, /k/ are pronounced preaspirated ([ʰp], [ʰt] [ʰts], [ʰtʃ], [ʰk]) when they occur in medial or final position.	The Sami tongue also has what?	{ "answer_start": [ 0 ], "text": [ "Preaspirated stops" ] }
56e06851231d4119001ac0b6	Aspirated_consonant	Preaspirated stops also occur in most Sami languages; for example, in North Sami, the unvoiced stop and affricate phonemes /p/, /t/, /ts/, /tʃ/, /k/ are pronounced preaspirated ([ʰp], [ʰt] [ʰts], [ʰtʃ], [ʰk]) when they occur in medial or final position.	Which Sami tongue has unvoiced stop and affricate phonemes pronounced preaspirated?	{ "answer_start": [ 70 ], "text": [ "North Sami" ] }
5acd225107355d001abf3630	Aspirated_consonant	Preaspirated stops also occur in most Sami languages; for example, in North Sami, the unvoiced stop and affricate phonemes /p/, /t/, /ts/, /tʃ/, /k/ are pronounced preaspirated ([ʰp], [ʰt] [ʰts], [ʰtʃ], [ʰk]) when they occur in medial or final position.	Unaspirated stops occur in which languages?	{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }
5acd225107355d001abf3631	Aspirated_consonant	Preaspirated stops also occur in most Sami languages; for example, in North Sami, the unvoiced stop and affricate phonemes /p/, /t/, /ts/, /tʃ/, /k/ are pronounced preaspirated ([ʰp], [ʰt] [ʰts], [ʰtʃ], [ʰk]) when they occur in medial or final position.	What occurs in the medial or start position?	{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }
5acd225107355d001abf3632	Aspirated_consonant	Preaspirated stops also occur in most Sami languages; for example, in North Sami, the unvoiced stop and affricate phonemes /p/, /t/, /ts/, /tʃ/, /k/ are pronounced preaspirated ([ʰp], [ʰt] [ʰts], [ʰtʃ], [ʰk]) when they occur in medial or final position.	The voiced stop and affricate phonemes occur in what position?	{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }
5acd225107355d001abf3633	Aspirated_consonant	Preaspirated stops also occur in most Sami languages; for example, in North Sami, the unvoiced stop and affricate phonemes /p/, /t/, /ts/, /tʃ/, /k/ are pronounced preaspirated ([ʰp], [ʰt] [ʰts], [ʰtʃ], [ʰk]) when they occur in medial or final position.	What are pronounced unaspirated?	{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }
5acd225107355d001abf3634	Aspirated_consonant	Preaspirated stops also occur in most Sami languages; for example, in North Sami, the unvoiced stop and affricate phonemes /p/, /t/, /ts/, /tʃ/, /k/ are pronounced preaspirated ([ʰp], [ʰt] [ʰts], [ʰtʃ], [ʰk]) when they occur in medial or final position.	In South Sami what are pronounced preaspirated?	{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }
56e06908231d4119001ac0c4	Aspirated_consonant	Although most aspirated obstruents in the world's language are stops and affricates, aspirated fricatives such as [sʰ], [fʰ] or [ɕʰ] have been documented in Korean, in a few Tibeto-Burman languages, in some Oto-Manguean languages, and in the Siouan language Ofo. Some languages, such as Choni Tibetan, have up to four contrastive aspirated fricatives [sʰ] [ɕʰ], [ʂʰ] and [xʰ].	How many contrastive aspirated fricatives does Choni Tibetan have?	{ "answer_start": [ 307 ], "text": [ "up to four" ] }
5acd233607355d001abf366a	Aspirated_consonant	Although most aspirated obstruents in the world's language are stops and affricates, aspirated fricatives such as [sʰ], [fʰ] or [ɕʰ] have been documented in Korean, in a few Tibeto-Burman languages, in some Oto-Manguean languages, and in the Siouan language Ofo. Some languages, such as Choni Tibetan, have up to four contrastive aspirated fricatives [sʰ] [ɕʰ], [ʂʰ] and [xʰ].	Unaspirated fricatives have been documented in which language?	{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }
5acd233607355d001abf366b	Aspirated_consonant	Although most aspirated obstruents in the world's language are stops and affricates, aspirated fricatives such as [sʰ], [fʰ] or [ɕʰ] have been documented in Korean, in a few Tibeto-Burman languages, in some Oto-Manguean languages, and in the Siouan language Ofo. Some languages, such as Choni Tibetan, have up to four contrastive aspirated fricatives [sʰ] [ɕʰ], [ʂʰ] and [xʰ].	Which language has up to five contrastive aspirated fricatives?	{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }
5acd233607355d001abf366c	Aspirated_consonant	Although most aspirated obstruents in the world's language are stops and affricates, aspirated fricatives such as [sʰ], [fʰ] or [ɕʰ] have been documented in Korean, in a few Tibeto-Burman languages, in some Oto-Manguean languages, and in the Siouan language Ofo. Some languages, such as Choni Tibetan, have up to four contrastive aspirated fricatives [sʰ] [ɕʰ], [ʂʰ] and [xʰ].	Most unaspirated obstruents are what?	{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }
5acd233607355d001abf366d	Aspirated_consonant	Although most aspirated obstruents in the world's language are stops and affricates, aspirated fricatives such as [sʰ], [fʰ] or [ɕʰ] have been documented in Korean, in a few Tibeto-Burman languages, in some Oto-Manguean languages, and in the Siouan language Ofo. Some languages, such as Choni Tibetan, have up to four contrastive aspirated fricatives [sʰ] [ɕʰ], [ʂʰ] and [xʰ].	The Siouan language Ofo has how many contrastive aspirated fricatives?	{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }
5acd233607355d001abf366e	Aspirated_consonant	Although most aspirated obstruents in the world's language are stops and affricates, aspirated fricatives such as [sʰ], [fʰ] or [ɕʰ] have been documented in Korean, in a few Tibeto-Burman languages, in some Oto-Manguean languages, and in the Siouan language Ofo. Some languages, such as Choni Tibetan, have up to four contrastive aspirated fricatives [sʰ] [ɕʰ], [ʂʰ] and [xʰ].	Choni Tibetan has how many unaspirated fricatives?	{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }
56e069f0231d4119001ac0d1	Aspirated_consonant	True aspirated voiced consonants, as opposed to murmured (breathy-voice) consonants such as the [bʱ], [dʱ], [ɡʱ] that are common in the languages of India, are extremely rare. They have been documented in Kelabit Taa, and the Kx'a languages. Reported aspirated voiced stops, affricates and clicks are [b͡pʰ, d͡tʰ, d͡tsʰ, d͡tʃʰ, ɡ͡kʰ, ɢ͡qʰ, ᶢʘʰ, ᶢǀʰ, ᶢǁʰ, ᶢǃʰ, ᶢǂʰ].	Indian languages commonly have murmured consonants instead of what?	{ "answer_start": [ 0 ], "text": [ "True aspirated voiced consonants" ] }
56e069f0231d4119001ac0d2	Aspirated_consonant	True aspirated voiced consonants, as opposed to murmured (breathy-voice) consonants such as the [bʱ], [dʱ], [ɡʱ] that are common in the languages of India, are extremely rare. They have been documented in Kelabit Taa, and the Kx'a languages. Reported aspirated voiced stops, affricates and clicks are [b͡pʰ, d͡tʰ, d͡tsʰ, d͡tʃʰ, ɡ͡kʰ, ɢ͡qʰ, ᶢʘʰ, ᶢǀʰ, ᶢǁʰ, ᶢǃʰ, ᶢǂʰ].	True aspirated consonants are considered what?	{ "answer_start": [ 170 ], "text": [ "rare" ] }
56e069f0231d4119001ac0d3	Aspirated_consonant	True aspirated voiced consonants, as opposed to murmured (breathy-voice) consonants such as the [bʱ], [dʱ], [ɡʱ] that are common in the languages of India, are extremely rare. They have been documented in Kelabit Taa, and the Kx'a languages. Reported aspirated voiced stops, affricates and clicks are [b͡pʰ, d͡tʰ, d͡tsʰ, d͡tʃʰ, ɡ͡kʰ, ɢ͡qʰ, ᶢʘʰ, ᶢǀʰ, ᶢǁʰ, ᶢǃʰ, ᶢǂʰ].	True aspirated consonants have been found in Kelabit Taa and what else?	{ "answer_start": [ 226 ], "text": [ "Kx'a languages" ] }
5acd242407355d001abf3690	Aspirated_consonant	True aspirated voiced consonants, as opposed to murmured (breathy-voice) consonants such as the [bʱ], [dʱ], [ɡʱ] that are common in the languages of India, are extremely rare. They have been documented in Kelabit Taa, and the Kx'a languages. Reported aspirated voiced stops, affricates and clicks are [b͡pʰ, d͡tʰ, d͡tsʰ, d͡tʃʰ, ɡ͡kʰ, ɢ͡qʰ, ᶢʘʰ, ᶢǀʰ, ᶢǁʰ, ᶢǃʰ, ᶢǂʰ].	Are truly unaspirated voiceless consonants common or rare?	{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }
5acd242407355d001abf3691	Aspirated_consonant	True aspirated voiced consonants, as opposed to murmured (breathy-voice) consonants such as the [bʱ], [dʱ], [ɡʱ] that are common in the languages of India, are extremely rare. They have been documented in Kelabit Taa, and the Kx'a languages. Reported aspirated voiced stops, affricates and clicks are [b͡pʰ, d͡tʰ, d͡tsʰ, d͡tʃʰ, ɡ͡kʰ, ɢ͡qʰ, ᶢʘʰ, ᶢǀʰ, ᶢǁʰ, ᶢǃʰ, ᶢǂʰ].	What is common in the language of English?	{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }
5acd242407355d001abf3692	Aspirated_consonant	True aspirated voiced consonants, as opposed to murmured (breathy-voice) consonants such as the [bʱ], [dʱ], [ɡʱ] that are common in the languages of India, are extremely rare. They have been documented in Kelabit Taa, and the Kx'a languages. Reported aspirated voiced stops, affricates and clicks are [b͡pʰ, d͡tʰ, d͡tsʰ, d͡tʃʰ, ɡ͡kʰ, ɢ͡qʰ, ᶢʘʰ, ᶢǀʰ, ᶢǁʰ, ᶢǃʰ, ᶢǂʰ].	Murmured consonants are uncommon in which language of which country?	{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }
5acd242407355d001abf3693	Aspirated_consonant	True aspirated voiced consonants, as opposed to murmured (breathy-voice) consonants such as the [bʱ], [dʱ], [ɡʱ] that are common in the languages of India, are extremely rare. They have been documented in Kelabit Taa, and the Kx'a languages. Reported aspirated voiced stops, affricates and clicks are [b͡pʰ, d͡tʰ, d͡tsʰ, d͡tʃʰ, ɡ͡kʰ, ɢ͡qʰ, ᶢʘʰ, ᶢǀʰ, ᶢǁʰ, ᶢǃʰ, ᶢǂʰ].	What has been documented in Kelabit Taa, and the Kx'a languages?	{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }
5acd242407355d001abf3694	Aspirated_consonant	True aspirated voiced consonants, as opposed to murmured (breathy-voice) consonants such as the [bʱ], [dʱ], [ɡʱ] that are common in the languages of India, are extremely rare. They have been documented in Kelabit Taa, and the Kx'a languages. Reported aspirated voiced stops, affricates and clicks are [b͡pʰ, d͡tʰ, d͡tsʰ, d͡tʃʰ, ɡ͡kʰ, ɢ͡qʰ, ᶢʘʰ, ᶢǀʰ, ᶢǁʰ, ᶢǃʰ, ᶢǂʰ].	True aspirated voice consonants are common in which country?	{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }
56e06a517aa994140058e479	Aspirated_consonant	Aspiration has varying significance in different languages. It is either allophonic or phonemic, and may be analyzed as an underlying consonant cluster.	What has a different significance in various languages?	{ "answer_start": [ 0 ], "text": [ "Aspiration" ] }
56e06a517aa994140058e47a	Aspirated_consonant	Aspiration has varying significance in different languages. It is either allophonic or phonemic, and may be analyzed as an underlying consonant cluster.	What two forms can aspiration be in?	{ "answer_start": [ 73 ], "text": [ "allophonic or phonemic" ] }
5acd25e607355d001abf36d0	Aspirated_consonant	Aspiration has varying significance in different languages. It is either allophonic or phonemic, and may be analyzed as an underlying consonant cluster.	What may be analyzed as an underlying symbol cluster?	{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }
5acd25e607355d001abf36d1	Aspirated_consonant	Aspiration has varying significance in different languages. It is either allophonic or phonemic, and may be analyzed as an underlying consonant cluster.	Aspiration can differ in which two languages?	{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }
5acd25e607355d001abf36d2	Aspirated_consonant	Aspiration has varying significance in different languages. It is either allophonic or phonemic, and may be analyzed as an underlying consonant cluster.	Unaspiration has varying significance in what?	{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }
5acd25e607355d001abf36d3	Aspirated_consonant	Aspiration has varying significance in different languages. It is either allophonic or phonemic, and may be analyzed as an underlying consonant cluster.	What may be analyzed as an underlying phonemic cluster?	{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }
5acd25e607355d001abf36d4	Aspirated_consonant	Aspiration has varying significance in different languages. It is either allophonic or phonemic, and may be analyzed as an underlying consonant cluster.	What is either allophonic or a cluster?	{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }
56e06ab2231d4119001ac0dd	Aspirated_consonant	In some languages, such as English, aspiration is allophonic. Stops are distinguished primarily by voicing, and voiceless stops are sometimes aspirated, while voiced stops are usually unaspirated.	Aspiration is what, in English and some other languages?	{ "answer_start": [ 50 ], "text": [ "allophonic" ] }
56e06ab2231d4119001ac0de	Aspirated_consonant	In some languages, such as English, aspiration is allophonic. Stops are distinguished primarily by voicing, and voiceless stops are sometimes aspirated, while voiced stops are usually unaspirated.	How are stops distinguished?	{ "answer_start": [ 99 ], "text": [ "voicing" ] }
56e06ab2231d4119001ac0df	Aspirated_consonant	In some languages, such as English, aspiration is allophonic. Stops are distinguished primarily by voicing, and voiceless stops are sometimes aspirated, while voiced stops are usually unaspirated.	Voiceless stops are at times what?	{ "answer_start": [ 142 ], "text": [ "aspirated" ] }
56e06ab2231d4119001ac0e0	Aspirated_consonant	In some languages, such as English, aspiration is allophonic. Stops are distinguished primarily by voicing, and voiceless stops are sometimes aspirated, while voiced stops are usually unaspirated.	Voiced stops are most often what?	{ "answer_start": [ 184 ], "text": [ "unaspirated" ] }
5acd269407355d001abf36e2	Aspirated_consonant	In some languages, such as English, aspiration is allophonic. Stops are distinguished primarily by voicing, and voiceless stops are sometimes aspirated, while voiced stops are usually unaspirated.	In what language in unaspiration allophonic?	{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }
5acd269407355d001abf36e3	Aspirated_consonant	In some languages, such as English, aspiration is allophonic. Stops are distinguished primarily by voicing, and voiceless stops are sometimes aspirated, while voiced stops are usually unaspirated.	Voiceless languages are sometimes what?	{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }
5acd269407355d001abf36e4	Aspirated_consonant	In some languages, such as English, aspiration is allophonic. Stops are distinguished primarily by voicing, and voiceless stops are sometimes aspirated, while voiced stops are usually unaspirated.	Symbols are distinguished primarily by what?	{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }
5acd269407355d001abf36e5	Aspirated_consonant	In some languages, such as English, aspiration is allophonic. Stops are distinguished primarily by voicing, and voiceless stops are sometimes aspirated, while voiced stops are usually unaspirated.	Voiced breaths are usually what?	{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }
5acd269407355d001abf36e6	Aspirated_consonant	In some languages, such as English, aspiration is allophonic. Stops are distinguished primarily by voicing, and voiceless stops are sometimes aspirated, while voiced stops are usually unaspirated.	What are sometimes allophonic?	{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }
56e06b78231d4119001ac0e5	Aspirated_consonant	They are unaspirated for almost all speakers when immediately following word-initial s, as in spill, still, skill. After an s elsewhere in a word they are normally unaspirated as well, except sometimes in compound words. When the consonants in a cluster like st are analyzed as belonging to different morphemes (heteromorphemic) the stop is aspirated, but when they are analyzed as belonging to one morpheme the stop is unaspirated.[citation needed] For instance, distend has unaspirated [t] since it is not analyzed as two morphemes, but distaste has an aspirated middle [tʰ] because it is analyzed as dis- + taste and the word taste has an aspirated initial t.	When following a word such as spill, they are what for most speakers?	{ "answer_start": [ 9 ], "text": [ "unaspirated" ] }
56e06b78231d4119001ac0e6	Aspirated_consonant	They are unaspirated for almost all speakers when immediately following word-initial s, as in spill, still, skill. After an s elsewhere in a word they are normally unaspirated as well, except sometimes in compound words. When the consonants in a cluster like st are analyzed as belonging to different morphemes (heteromorphemic) the stop is aspirated, but when they are analyzed as belonging to one morpheme the stop is unaspirated.[citation needed] For instance, distend has unaspirated [t] since it is not analyzed as two morphemes, but distaste has an aspirated middle [tʰ] because it is analyzed as dis- + taste and the word taste has an aspirated initial t.	If the letter s is a different place in the word, it is typical unaspirated unless the word is what?	{ "answer_start": [ 205 ], "text": [ "compound words" ] }
56e06b78231d4119001ac0e7	Aspirated_consonant	They are unaspirated for almost all speakers when immediately following word-initial s, as in spill, still, skill. After an s elsewhere in a word they are normally unaspirated as well, except sometimes in compound words. When the consonants in a cluster like st are analyzed as belonging to different morphemes (heteromorphemic) the stop is aspirated, but when they are analyzed as belonging to one morpheme the stop is unaspirated.[citation needed] For instance, distend has unaspirated [t] since it is not analyzed as two morphemes, but distaste has an aspirated middle [tʰ] because it is analyzed as dis- + taste and the word taste has an aspirated initial t.	If there is a cluster such as st and it belongs to different morphemes, the stop is what?	{ "answer_start": [ 11 ], "text": [ "aspirated" ] }
56e06b78231d4119001ac0e8	Aspirated_consonant	They are unaspirated for almost all speakers when immediately following word-initial s, as in spill, still, skill. After an s elsewhere in a word they are normally unaspirated as well, except sometimes in compound words. When the consonants in a cluster like st are analyzed as belonging to different morphemes (heteromorphemic) the stop is aspirated, but when they are analyzed as belonging to one morpheme the stop is unaspirated.[citation needed] For instance, distend has unaspirated [t] since it is not analyzed as two morphemes, but distaste has an aspirated middle [tʰ] because it is analyzed as dis- + taste and the word taste has an aspirated initial t.	If the st belongs to one morpheme, then the stop is what?	{ "answer_start": [ 9 ], "text": [ "unaspirated" ] }
5acd27b607355d001abf3724	Aspirated_consonant	They are unaspirated for almost all speakers when immediately following word-initial s, as in spill, still, skill. After an s elsewhere in a word they are normally unaspirated as well, except sometimes in compound words. When the consonants in a cluster like st are analyzed as belonging to different morphemes (heteromorphemic) the stop is aspirated, but when they are analyzed as belonging to one morpheme the stop is unaspirated.[citation needed] For instance, distend has unaspirated [t] since it is not analyzed as two morphemes, but distaste has an aspirated middle [tʰ] because it is analyzed as dis- + taste and the word taste has an aspirated initial t.	What is unaspirated since it is not analyzed as three morphemes?	{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }
5acd27b607355d001abf3725	Aspirated_consonant	They are unaspirated for almost all speakers when immediately following word-initial s, as in spill, still, skill. After an s elsewhere in a word they are normally unaspirated as well, except sometimes in compound words. When the consonants in a cluster like st are analyzed as belonging to different morphemes (heteromorphemic) the stop is aspirated, but when they are analyzed as belonging to one morpheme the stop is unaspirated.[citation needed] For instance, distend has unaspirated [t] since it is not analyzed as two morphemes, but distaste has an aspirated middle [tʰ] because it is analyzed as dis- + taste and the word taste has an aspirated initial t.	What word-initial is aspirated for almost all speakers?	{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }
5acd27b607355d001abf3726	Aspirated_consonant	They are unaspirated for almost all speakers when immediately following word-initial s, as in spill, still, skill. After an s elsewhere in a word they are normally unaspirated as well, except sometimes in compound words. When the consonants in a cluster like st are analyzed as belonging to different morphemes (heteromorphemic) the stop is aspirated, but when they are analyzed as belonging to one morpheme the stop is unaspirated.[citation needed] For instance, distend has unaspirated [t] since it is not analyzed as two morphemes, but distaste has an aspirated middle [tʰ] because it is analyzed as dis- + taste and the word taste has an aspirated initial t.	When is the consonant unaspirated?	{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }
5acd27b607355d001abf3727	Aspirated_consonant	They are unaspirated for almost all speakers when immediately following word-initial s, as in spill, still, skill. After an s elsewhere in a word they are normally unaspirated as well, except sometimes in compound words. When the consonants in a cluster like st are analyzed as belonging to different morphemes (heteromorphemic) the stop is aspirated, but when they are analyzed as belonging to one morpheme the stop is unaspirated.[citation needed] For instance, distend has unaspirated [t] since it is not analyzed as two morphemes, but distaste has an aspirated middle [tʰ] because it is analyzed as dis- + taste and the word taste has an aspirated initial t.	Distaste has an unaspirated middle why?	{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }
5acd27b607355d001abf3728	Aspirated_consonant	They are unaspirated for almost all speakers when immediately following word-initial s, as in spill, still, skill. After an s elsewhere in a word they are normally unaspirated as well, except sometimes in compound words. When the consonants in a cluster like st are analyzed as belonging to different morphemes (heteromorphemic) the stop is aspirated, but when they are analyzed as belonging to one morpheme the stop is unaspirated.[citation needed] For instance, distend has unaspirated [t] since it is not analyzed as two morphemes, but distaste has an aspirated middle [tʰ] because it is analyzed as dis- + taste and the word taste has an aspirated initial t.	After a k elsewhere in a word they are normally what?	{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }
56e06bd2231d4119001ac0ed	Aspirated_consonant	In many languages, such as Armenian, Korean, Thai, Indo-Aryan languages, Dravidian languages, Icelandic, Ancient Greek, and the varieties of Chinese, tenuis and aspirated consonants are phonemic. Unaspirated consonants like [p˭ s˭] and aspirated consonants like [pʰ ʰp sʰ] are separate phonemes, and words are distinguished by whether they have one or the other.	In languages like Thai and Icelandic, tenuis and aspirated consonants are what?	{ "answer_start": [ 186 ], "text": [ "phonemic" ] }
56e06bd2231d4119001ac0ee	Aspirated_consonant	In many languages, such as Armenian, Korean, Thai, Indo-Aryan languages, Dravidian languages, Icelandic, Ancient Greek, and the varieties of Chinese, tenuis and aspirated consonants are phonemic. Unaspirated consonants like [p˭ s˭] and aspirated consonants like [pʰ ʰp sʰ] are separate phonemes, and words are distinguished by whether they have one or the other.	[p˭ s˭] and [pʰ ʰp sʰ] are separate what?	{ "answer_start": [ 286 ], "text": [ "phonemes" ] }
5acd287307355d001abf3736	Aspirated_consonant	In many languages, such as Armenian, Korean, Thai, Indo-Aryan languages, Dravidian languages, Icelandic, Ancient Greek, and the varieties of Chinese, tenuis and aspirated consonants are phonemic. Unaspirated consonants like [p˭ s˭] and aspirated consonants like [pʰ ʰp sʰ] are separate phonemes, and words are distinguished by whether they have one or the other.	In the Armenian language, tenuis and unaspirated stops are what?	{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }
5acd287307355d001abf3737	Aspirated_consonant	In many languages, such as Armenian, Korean, Thai, Indo-Aryan languages, Dravidian languages, Icelandic, Ancient Greek, and the varieties of Chinese, tenuis and aspirated consonants are phonemic. Unaspirated consonants like [p˭ s˭] and aspirated consonants like [pʰ ʰp sʰ] are separate phonemes, and words are distinguished by whether they have one or the other.	What makes up combined phonemes?	{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }
5acd287307355d001abf3738	Aspirated_consonant	In many languages, such as Armenian, Korean, Thai, Indo-Aryan languages, Dravidian languages, Icelandic, Ancient Greek, and the varieties of Chinese, tenuis and aspirated consonants are phonemic. Unaspirated consonants like [p˭ s˭] and aspirated consonants like [pʰ ʰp sʰ] are separate phonemes, and words are distinguished by whether they have one or the other.	Sentences are distinguished by what?	{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }
5acd287307355d001abf3739	Aspirated_consonant	In many languages, such as Armenian, Korean, Thai, Indo-Aryan languages, Dravidian languages, Icelandic, Ancient Greek, and the varieties of Chinese, tenuis and aspirated consonants are phonemic. Unaspirated consonants like [p˭ s˭] and aspirated consonants like [pʰ ʰp sʰ] are separate phonemes, and words are distinguished by whether they have one or the other.	In the English language, tenuis and aspirated consonants are what?	{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }
5acd287307355d001abf373a	Aspirated_consonant	In many languages, such as Armenian, Korean, Thai, Indo-Aryan languages, Dravidian languages, Icelandic, Ancient Greek, and the varieties of Chinese, tenuis and aspirated consonants are phonemic. Unaspirated consonants like [p˭ s˭] and aspirated consonants like [pʰ ʰp sʰ] are separate phonemes, and words are distinguished by whether they have one or the other.	An example of an unaspirated stop is?	{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }
56e06c697aa994140058e493	Aspirated_consonant	In Danish and most southern varieties of German, the "lenis" consonants transcribed for historical reasons as ⟨b d ɡ⟩ are distinguished from their fortis counterparts ⟨p t k⟩, mainly in their lack of aspiration.	How are lenis consonants distinguished from fortis consonants?	{ "answer_start": [ 186 ], "text": [ "their lack of aspiration" ] }
56e06c697aa994140058e494	Aspirated_consonant	In Danish and most southern varieties of German, the "lenis" consonants transcribed for historical reasons as ⟨b d ɡ⟩ are distinguished from their fortis counterparts ⟨p t k⟩, mainly in their lack of aspiration.	If the lenis are ⟨b d ɡ⟩, what are the fortis counterparts?	{ "answer_start": [ 167 ], "text": [ "⟨p t k⟩" ] }
5acd293a07355d001abf3754	Aspirated_consonant	In Danish and most southern varieties of German, the "lenis" consonants transcribed for historical reasons as ⟨b d ɡ⟩ are distinguished from their fortis counterparts ⟨p t k⟩, mainly in their lack of aspiration.	What is often transcribed for numerical reasons?	{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }
5acd293a07355d001abf3755	Aspirated_consonant	In Danish and most southern varieties of German, the "lenis" consonants transcribed for historical reasons as ⟨b d ɡ⟩ are distinguished from their fortis counterparts ⟨p t k⟩, mainly in their lack of aspiration.	In English, "lenis" consonants are know as what?	{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }
5acd293a07355d001abf3756	Aspirated_consonant	In Danish and most southern varieties of German, the "lenis" consonants transcribed for historical reasons as ⟨b d ɡ⟩ are distinguished from their fortis counterparts ⟨p t k⟩, mainly in their lack of aspiration.	The "lenis" consonants are distinguished from their modern counterparts by what?	{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }
5acd293a07355d001abf3757	Aspirated_consonant	In Danish and most southern varieties of German, the "lenis" consonants transcribed for historical reasons as ⟨b d ɡ⟩ are distinguished from their fortis counterparts ⟨p t k⟩, mainly in their lack of aspiration.	Fortis counterparts are known as what in the Spanish language?	{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }
5acd293a07355d001abf3758	Aspirated_consonant	In Danish and most southern varieties of German, the "lenis" consonants transcribed for historical reasons as ⟨b d ɡ⟩ are distinguished from their fortis counterparts ⟨p t k⟩, mainly in their lack of aspiration.	Fortis counterparts are translated as what in the Chinese language?	{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }
56e06cd3231d4119001ac0fd	Aspirated_consonant	Standard Chinese (Mandarin) has stops and affricates distinguished by aspiration: for instance, /t tʰ/, /t͡s t͡sʰ/. In pinyin, tenuis stops are written with letters that represent voiced consonants in English, and aspirated stops with letters that represent voiceless consonants. Thus d represents /t/, and t represents /tʰ/.	Mandarin has stops and affricates that are distinguished by what?	{ "answer_start": [ 70 ], "text": [ "aspiration" ] }
56e06cd3231d4119001ac0fe	Aspirated_consonant	Standard Chinese (Mandarin) has stops and affricates distinguished by aspiration: for instance, /t tʰ/, /t͡s t͡sʰ/. In pinyin, tenuis stops are written with letters that represent voiced consonants in English, and aspirated stops with letters that represent voiceless consonants. Thus d represents /t/, and t represents /tʰ/.	Tenuis stops have letters that are representative of English voiced consonant in what?	{ "answer_start": [ 119 ], "text": [ "pinyin" ] }
56e06cd3231d4119001ac0ff	Aspirated_consonant	Standard Chinese (Mandarin) has stops and affricates distinguished by aspiration: for instance, /t tʰ/, /t͡s t͡sʰ/. In pinyin, tenuis stops are written with letters that represent voiced consonants in English, and aspirated stops with letters that represent voiceless consonants. Thus d represents /t/, and t represents /tʰ/.	What kind of stops in pinyin are written with letters that representative of voiceless consonants?	{ "answer_start": [ 214 ], "text": [ "aspirated stops" ] }
5acd29d707355d001abf3768	Aspirated_consonant	Standard Chinese (Mandarin) has stops and affricates distinguished by aspiration: for instance, /t tʰ/, /t͡s t͡sʰ/. In pinyin, tenuis stops are written with letters that represent voiced consonants in English, and aspirated stops with letters that represent voiceless consonants. Thus d represents /t/, and t represents /tʰ/.	The English language has stops and affricates distinguished by what?	{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }
5acd29d707355d001abf3769	Aspirated_consonant	Standard Chinese (Mandarin) has stops and affricates distinguished by aspiration: for instance, /t tʰ/, /t͡s t͡sʰ/. In pinyin, tenuis stops are written with letters that represent voiced consonants in English, and aspirated stops with letters that represent voiceless consonants. Thus d represents /t/, and t represents /tʰ/.	In pinyin, tenuis consonants are written how?	{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }
5acd29d707355d001abf376a	Aspirated_consonant	Standard Chinese (Mandarin) has stops and affricates distinguished by aspiration: for instance, /t tʰ/, /t͡s t͡sʰ/. In pinyin, tenuis stops are written with letters that represent voiced consonants in English, and aspirated stops with letters that represent voiceless consonants. Thus d represents /t/, and t represents /tʰ/.	In pinyin, unaspirated stops are written how?	{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }
5acd29d707355d001abf376b	Aspirated_consonant	Standard Chinese (Mandarin) has stops and affricates distinguished by aspiration: for instance, /t tʰ/, /t͡s t͡sʰ/. In pinyin, tenuis stops are written with letters that represent voiced consonants in English, and aspirated stops with letters that represent voiceless consonants. Thus d represents /t/, and t represents /tʰ/.	What is written with letter that represent voiced consonants?	{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }
5acd29d707355d001abf376c	Aspirated_consonant	Standard Chinese (Mandarin) has stops and affricates distinguished by aspiration: for instance, /t tʰ/, /t͡s t͡sʰ/. In pinyin, tenuis stops are written with letters that represent voiced consonants in English, and aspirated stops with letters that represent voiceless consonants. Thus d represents /t/, and t represents /tʰ/.	What represents d?	{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }
56e06d44231d4119001ac103	Aspirated_consonant	Wu Chinese has a three-way distinction in stops and affricates: /p pʰ b/. In addition to aspirated and unaspirated consonants, there is a series of muddy consonants, like /b/. These are pronounced with slack or breathy voice: that is, they are weakly voiced. Muddy consonants as initial cause a syllable to be pronounced with low pitch or light (陽 yáng) tone.	What has a three-way distinction in regards to stops and affricates?	{ "answer_start": [ 0 ], "text": [ "Wu Chinese" ] }
56e06d44231d4119001ac104	Aspirated_consonant	Wu Chinese has a three-way distinction in stops and affricates: /p pʰ b/. In addition to aspirated and unaspirated consonants, there is a series of muddy consonants, like /b/. These are pronounced with slack or breathy voice: that is, they are weakly voiced. Muddy consonants as initial cause a syllable to be pronounced with low pitch or light (陽 yáng) tone.	What is the actual distinction for Wu Chinese?	{ "answer_start": [ 64 ], "text": [ "/p pʰ b/" ] }
56e06d44231d4119001ac105	Aspirated_consonant	Wu Chinese has a three-way distinction in stops and affricates: /p pʰ b/. In addition to aspirated and unaspirated consonants, there is a series of muddy consonants, like /b/. These are pronounced with slack or breathy voice: that is, they are weakly voiced. Muddy consonants as initial cause a syllable to be pronounced with low pitch or light (陽 yáng) tone.	What is /b/ representative of, in addition to aspirated and unaspirated consonants?	{ "answer_start": [ 259 ], "text": [ "Muddy consonants" ] }
56e06d44231d4119001ac106	Aspirated_consonant	Wu Chinese has a three-way distinction in stops and affricates: /p pʰ b/. In addition to aspirated and unaspirated consonants, there is a series of muddy consonants, like /b/. These are pronounced with slack or breathy voice: that is, they are weakly voiced. Muddy consonants as initial cause a syllable to be pronounced with low pitch or light (陽 yáng) tone.	What kind of voice are muddy consonants pronounced with?	{ "answer_start": [ 202 ], "text": [ "slack or breathy" ] }
5acd2a8c07355d001abf378c	Aspirated_consonant	Wu Chinese has a three-way distinction in stops and affricates: /p pʰ b/. In addition to aspirated and unaspirated consonants, there is a series of muddy consonants, like /b/. These are pronounced with slack or breathy voice: that is, they are weakly voiced. Muddy consonants as initial cause a syllable to be pronounced with low pitch or light (陽 yáng) tone.	Wu Chinese has a four-way distinction in what?	{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }
5acd2a8c07355d001abf378d	Aspirated_consonant	Wu Chinese has a three-way distinction in stops and affricates: /p pʰ b/. In addition to aspirated and unaspirated consonants, there is a series of muddy consonants, like /b/. These are pronounced with slack or breathy voice: that is, they are weakly voiced. Muddy consonants as initial cause a syllable to be pronounced with low pitch or light (陽 yáng) tone.	What is strongly voiced?	{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }
5acd2a8c07355d001abf378e	Aspirated_consonant	Wu Chinese has a three-way distinction in stops and affricates: /p pʰ b/. In addition to aspirated and unaspirated consonants, there is a series of muddy consonants, like /b/. These are pronounced with slack or breathy voice: that is, they are weakly voiced. Muddy consonants as initial cause a syllable to be pronounced with low pitch or light (陽 yáng) tone.	What causes a syllable to be pronounced with high pitch or light tone?	{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }
5acd2a8c07355d001abf378f	Aspirated_consonant	Wu Chinese has a three-way distinction in stops and affricates: /p pʰ b/. In addition to aspirated and unaspirated consonants, there is a series of muddy consonants, like /b/. These are pronounced with slack or breathy voice: that is, they are weakly voiced. Muddy consonants as initial cause a syllable to be pronounced with low pitch or light (陽 yáng) tone.	What is an example of a breathy consonant?	{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }
5acd2a8c07355d001abf3790	Aspirated_consonant	Wu Chinese has a three-way distinction in stops and affricates: /p pʰ b/. In addition to aspirated and unaspirated consonants, there is a series of muddy consonants, like /b/. These are pronounced with slack or breathy voice: that is, they are weakly voiced. Muddy consonants as initial cause a syllable to be pronounced with low pitch or light (陽 yáng) tone.	What causes a stop to be pronounced with low pitch or light tone?	{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }
56e06dca231d4119001ac10d	Aspirated_consonant	Many Indo-Aryan languages have aspirated stops. Sanskrit, Hindi, Bengali, Marathi, and Gujarati have a four-way distinction in stops: voiceless, aspirated, voiced, and breathy-voiced or voiced aspirated, such as /p pʰ b bʱ/. Punjabi has lost breathy-voiced consonants, which resulted in a tone system, and therefore has a distinction between voiceless, aspirated, and voiced: /p pʰ b/.	How many distinctions in stops do languages like Bengali and Hindi have?	{ "answer_start": [ 103 ], "text": [ "four" ] }
56e06dca231d4119001ac10f	Aspirated_consonant	Many Indo-Aryan languages have aspirated stops. Sanskrit, Hindi, Bengali, Marathi, and Gujarati have a four-way distinction in stops: voiceless, aspirated, voiced, and breathy-voiced or voiced aspirated, such as /p pʰ b bʱ/. Punjabi has lost breathy-voiced consonants, which resulted in a tone system, and therefore has a distinction between voiceless, aspirated, and voiced: /p pʰ b/.	What is another term for voice-aspirated?	{ "answer_start": [ 168 ], "text": [ "breathy-voiced" ] }
56e06dca231d4119001ac111	Aspirated_consonant	Many Indo-Aryan languages have aspirated stops. Sanskrit, Hindi, Bengali, Marathi, and Gujarati have a four-way distinction in stops: voiceless, aspirated, voiced, and breathy-voiced or voiced aspirated, such as /p pʰ b bʱ/. Punjabi has lost breathy-voiced consonants, which resulted in a tone system, and therefore has a distinction between voiceless, aspirated, and voiced: /p pʰ b/.	Which distinction has Punjabi lost?	{ "answer_start": [ 242 ], "text": [ "breathy-voiced consonants" ] }
5acd2b2a07355d001abf379e	Aspirated_consonant	Many Indo-Aryan languages have aspirated stops. Sanskrit, Hindi, Bengali, Marathi, and Gujarati have a four-way distinction in stops: voiceless, aspirated, voiced, and breathy-voiced or voiced aspirated, such as /p pʰ b bʱ/. Punjabi has lost breathy-voiced consonants, which resulted in a tone system, and therefore has a distinction between voiceless, aspirated, and voiced: /p pʰ b/.	What languages have unaspirated stops?	{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }
5acd2b2a07355d001abf379f	Aspirated_consonant	Many Indo-Aryan languages have aspirated stops. Sanskrit, Hindi, Bengali, Marathi, and Gujarati have a four-way distinction in stops: voiceless, aspirated, voiced, and breathy-voiced or voiced aspirated, such as /p pʰ b bʱ/. Punjabi has lost breathy-voiced consonants, which resulted in a tone system, and therefore has a distinction between voiceless, aspirated, and voiced: /p pʰ b/.	Sanskrit has a three-way distinction in what?	{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }
5acd2b2a07355d001abf37a0	Aspirated_consonant	Many Indo-Aryan languages have aspirated stops. Sanskrit, Hindi, Bengali, Marathi, and Gujarati have a four-way distinction in stops: voiceless, aspirated, voiced, and breathy-voiced or voiced aspirated, such as /p pʰ b bʱ/. Punjabi has lost breathy-voiced consonants, which resulted in a tone system, and therefore has a distinction between voiceless, aspirated, and voiced: /p pʰ b/.	What has gained breathy-voiced consonants?	{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }
5acd2b2a07355d001abf37a1	Aspirated_consonant	Many Indo-Aryan languages have aspirated stops. Sanskrit, Hindi, Bengali, Marathi, and Gujarati have a four-way distinction in stops: voiceless, aspirated, voiced, and breathy-voiced or voiced aspirated, such as /p pʰ b bʱ/. Punjabi has lost breathy-voiced consonants, which resulted in a tone system, and therefore has a distinction between voiceless, aspirated, and voiced: /p pʰ b/.	What happened to result in a toneless system?	{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }
5acd2b2a07355d001abf37a2	Aspirated_consonant	Many Indo-Aryan languages have aspirated stops. Sanskrit, Hindi, Bengali, Marathi, and Gujarati have a four-way distinction in stops: voiceless, aspirated, voiced, and breathy-voiced or voiced aspirated, such as /p pʰ b bʱ/. Punjabi has lost breathy-voiced consonants, which resulted in a tone system, and therefore has a distinction between voiceless, aspirated, and voiced: /p pʰ b/.	What is an example of a two-way distinction in stops?	{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }
56e06eee231d4119001ac117	Aspirated_consonant	Some of the Dravidian languages, such as Telugu, Tamil, Malayalam, and Kannada, have a distinction between voiced and voiceless, aspirated and unaspirated only in loanwords from Indo-Aryan languages. In native Dravidian words, there is no distinction between these categories and stops are underspecified for voicing and aspiration.	Telegu, Kannada and others are considered to be some of the what languages?	{ "answer_start": [ 12 ], "text": [ "Dravidian" ] }
56e06eee231d4119001ac119	Aspirated_consonant	Some of the Dravidian languages, such as Telugu, Tamil, Malayalam, and Kannada, have a distinction between voiced and voiceless, aspirated and unaspirated only in loanwords from Indo-Aryan languages. In native Dravidian words, there is no distinction between these categories and stops are underspecified for voicing and aspiration.	What has no distinction between the categories of voiced, voiceless, aspirated and unaspirated?	{ "answer_start": [ 203 ], "text": [ "native Dravidian words" ] }
5acd2c2e07355d001abf37bc	Aspirated_consonant	Some of the Dravidian languages, such as Telugu, Tamil, Malayalam, and Kannada, have a distinction between voiced and voiceless, aspirated and unaspirated only in loanwords from Indo-Aryan languages. In native Dravidian words, there is no distinction between these categories and stops are underspecified for voicing and aspiration.	In native English words, there is no distinction between what?	{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }
5acd2c2e07355d001abf37bd	Aspirated_consonant	Some of the Dravidian languages, such as Telugu, Tamil, Malayalam, and Kannada, have a distinction between voiced and voiceless, aspirated and unaspirated only in loanwords from Indo-Aryan languages. In native Dravidian words, there is no distinction between these categories and stops are underspecified for voicing and aspiration.	What is used only in loanwords from Spanish languages?	{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }
5acd2c2e07355d001abf37be	Aspirated_consonant	Some of the Dravidian languages, such as Telugu, Tamil, Malayalam, and Kannada, have a distinction between voiced and voiceless, aspirated and unaspirated only in loanwords from Indo-Aryan languages. In native Dravidian words, there is no distinction between these categories and stops are underspecified for voicing and aspiration.	What is underspecified for voicing and unaspiratoin?	{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }
5acd2c2e07355d001abf37bf	Aspirated_consonant	Some of the Dravidian languages, such as Telugu, Tamil, Malayalam, and Kannada, have a distinction between voiced and voiceless, aspirated and unaspirated only in loanwords from Indo-Aryan languages. In native Dravidian words, there is no distinction between these categories and stops are underspecified for voicing and aspiration.	There are many category distinctions in what language?	{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }
5acd2c2e07355d001abf37c0	Aspirated_consonant	Some of the Dravidian languages, such as Telugu, Tamil, Malayalam, and Kannada, have a distinction between voiced and voiceless, aspirated and unaspirated only in loanwords from Indo-Aryan languages. In native Dravidian words, there is no distinction between these categories and stops are underspecified for voicing and aspiration.	All of the Dravidian languages have a distinction between what?	{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }
56e070687aa994140058e4c3	Aspirated_consonant	Western Armenian has a two-way distinction between aspirated and voiced: /tʰ d/. Western Armenian aspirated /tʰ/ corresponds to Eastern Armenian aspirated /tʰ/ and voiced /d/, and Western voiced /d/ corresponds to Eastern voiceless /t/.	What language has two-way distinctions between aspirated and voiced?	{ "answer_start": [ 0 ], "text": [ "Western Armenian" ] }
56e070687aa994140058e4c4	Aspirated_consonant	Western Armenian has a two-way distinction between aspirated and voiced: /tʰ d/. Western Armenian aspirated /tʰ/ corresponds to Eastern Armenian aspirated /tʰ/ and voiced /d/, and Western voiced /d/ corresponds to Eastern voiceless /t/.	Western Armenian /tʰ/ compares to eastern Armenian /tʰ/ and what?	{ "answer_start": [ 171 ], "text": [ "/d/" ] }
56e070687aa994140058e4c5	Aspirated_consonant	Western Armenian has a two-way distinction between aspirated and voiced: /tʰ d/. Western Armenian aspirated /tʰ/ corresponds to Eastern Armenian aspirated /tʰ/ and voiced /d/, and Western voiced /d/ corresponds to Eastern voiceless /t/.	The Western Armenian voiced /d/ compares to the Eastern Armenian voiceless what?	{ "answer_start": [ 232 ], "text": [ "/t/" ] }
5acd2cd607355d001abf37d8	Aspirated_consonant	Western Armenian has a two-way distinction between aspirated and voiced: /tʰ d/. Western Armenian aspirated /tʰ/ corresponds to Eastern Armenian aspirated /tʰ/ and voiced /d/, and Western voiced /d/ corresponds to Eastern voiceless /t/.	Western Armenian has a three-way distinction between what?	{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }
5acd2cd607355d001abf37d9	Aspirated_consonant	Western Armenian has a two-way distinction between aspirated and voiced: /tʰ d/. Western Armenian aspirated /tʰ/ corresponds to Eastern Armenian aspirated /tʰ/ and voiced /d/, and Western voiced /d/ corresponds to Eastern voiceless /t/.	Western Armenian aspirated corresponds to Eastern American what?	{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }
5acd2cd607355d001abf37da	Aspirated_consonant	Western Armenian has a two-way distinction between aspirated and voiced: /tʰ d/. Western Armenian aspirated /tʰ/ corresponds to Eastern Armenian aspirated /tʰ/ and voiced /d/, and Western voiced /d/ corresponds to Eastern voiceless /t/.	Western voiced /d/ corresponds to Eastern voiced what?	{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }
5acd2cd607355d001abf37db	Aspirated_consonant	Western Armenian has a two-way distinction between aspirated and voiced: /tʰ d/. Western Armenian aspirated /tʰ/ corresponds to Eastern Armenian aspirated /tʰ/ and voiced /d/, and Western voiced /d/ corresponds to Eastern voiceless /t/.	Eastern Armenian has a two-way distinction between what?	{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }

5acd219c07355d001abf3616

Aspirated_consonant

Icelandic and Faroese have preaspirated [ʰp ʰt ʰk]; some scholars interpret these as consonant clusters as well. In Icelandic, preaspirated stops contrast with double stops and single stops:

Symbol clusters exists in which two languages?

{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }

56e06851231d4119001ac0b5

Aspirated_consonant

Preaspirated stops also occur in most Sami languages; for example, in North Sami, the unvoiced stop and affricate phonemes /p/, /t/, /ts/, /tʃ/, /k/ are pronounced preaspirated ([ʰp], [ʰt] [ʰts], [ʰtʃ], [ʰk]) when they occur in medial or final position.

The Sami tongue also has what?

{ "answer_start": [ 0 ], "text": [ "Preaspirated stops" ] }

56e06851231d4119001ac0b6

Aspirated_consonant

Preaspirated stops also occur in most Sami languages; for example, in North Sami, the unvoiced stop and affricate phonemes /p/, /t/, /ts/, /tʃ/, /k/ are pronounced preaspirated ([ʰp], [ʰt] [ʰts], [ʰtʃ], [ʰk]) when they occur in medial or final position.

Which Sami tongue has unvoiced stop and affricate phonemes pronounced preaspirated?

{ "answer_start": [ 70 ], "text": [ "North Sami" ] }

5acd225107355d001abf3630

Aspirated_consonant

Preaspirated stops also occur in most Sami languages; for example, in North Sami, the unvoiced stop and affricate phonemes /p/, /t/, /ts/, /tʃ/, /k/ are pronounced preaspirated ([ʰp], [ʰt] [ʰts], [ʰtʃ], [ʰk]) when they occur in medial or final position.

Unaspirated stops occur in which languages?

{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }

5acd225107355d001abf3631

Aspirated_consonant

Preaspirated stops also occur in most Sami languages; for example, in North Sami, the unvoiced stop and affricate phonemes /p/, /t/, /ts/, /tʃ/, /k/ are pronounced preaspirated ([ʰp], [ʰt] [ʰts], [ʰtʃ], [ʰk]) when they occur in medial or final position.

What occurs in the medial or start position?

{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }

5acd225107355d001abf3632

Aspirated_consonant

Preaspirated stops also occur in most Sami languages; for example, in North Sami, the unvoiced stop and affricate phonemes /p/, /t/, /ts/, /tʃ/, /k/ are pronounced preaspirated ([ʰp], [ʰt] [ʰts], [ʰtʃ], [ʰk]) when they occur in medial or final position.

The voiced stop and affricate phonemes occur in what position?

{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }

5acd225107355d001abf3633

Aspirated_consonant

Preaspirated stops also occur in most Sami languages; for example, in North Sami, the unvoiced stop and affricate phonemes /p/, /t/, /ts/, /tʃ/, /k/ are pronounced preaspirated ([ʰp], [ʰt] [ʰts], [ʰtʃ], [ʰk]) when they occur in medial or final position.

What are pronounced unaspirated?

{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }

5acd225107355d001abf3634

Aspirated_consonant

Preaspirated stops also occur in most Sami languages; for example, in North Sami, the unvoiced stop and affricate phonemes /p/, /t/, /ts/, /tʃ/, /k/ are pronounced preaspirated ([ʰp], [ʰt] [ʰts], [ʰtʃ], [ʰk]) when they occur in medial or final position.

In South Sami what are pronounced preaspirated?

{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }

56e06908231d4119001ac0c4

Aspirated_consonant

Although most aspirated obstruents in the world's language are stops and affricates, aspirated fricatives such as [sʰ], [fʰ] or [ɕʰ] have been documented in Korean, in a few Tibeto-Burman languages, in some Oto-Manguean languages, and in the Siouan language Ofo. Some languages, such as Choni Tibetan, have up to four contrastive aspirated fricatives [sʰ] [ɕʰ], [ʂʰ] and [xʰ].

How many contrastive aspirated fricatives does Choni Tibetan have?

{ "answer_start": [ 307 ], "text": [ "up to four" ] }

5acd233607355d001abf366a

Aspirated_consonant

Although most aspirated obstruents in the world's language are stops and affricates, aspirated fricatives such as [sʰ], [fʰ] or [ɕʰ] have been documented in Korean, in a few Tibeto-Burman languages, in some Oto-Manguean languages, and in the Siouan language Ofo. Some languages, such as Choni Tibetan, have up to four contrastive aspirated fricatives [sʰ] [ɕʰ], [ʂʰ] and [xʰ].

Unaspirated fricatives have been documented in which language?

{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }

5acd233607355d001abf366b

Aspirated_consonant

Although most aspirated obstruents in the world's language are stops and affricates, aspirated fricatives such as [sʰ], [fʰ] or [ɕʰ] have been documented in Korean, in a few Tibeto-Burman languages, in some Oto-Manguean languages, and in the Siouan language Ofo. Some languages, such as Choni Tibetan, have up to four contrastive aspirated fricatives [sʰ] [ɕʰ], [ʂʰ] and [xʰ].

Which language has up to five contrastive aspirated fricatives?

{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }

5acd233607355d001abf366c

Aspirated_consonant

Although most aspirated obstruents in the world's language are stops and affricates, aspirated fricatives such as [sʰ], [fʰ] or [ɕʰ] have been documented in Korean, in a few Tibeto-Burman languages, in some Oto-Manguean languages, and in the Siouan language Ofo. Some languages, such as Choni Tibetan, have up to four contrastive aspirated fricatives [sʰ] [ɕʰ], [ʂʰ] and [xʰ].

Most unaspirated obstruents are what?

{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }

5acd233607355d001abf366d

Aspirated_consonant

Although most aspirated obstruents in the world's language are stops and affricates, aspirated fricatives such as [sʰ], [fʰ] or [ɕʰ] have been documented in Korean, in a few Tibeto-Burman languages, in some Oto-Manguean languages, and in the Siouan language Ofo. Some languages, such as Choni Tibetan, have up to four contrastive aspirated fricatives [sʰ] [ɕʰ], [ʂʰ] and [xʰ].

The Siouan language Ofo has how many contrastive aspirated fricatives?

{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }

5acd233607355d001abf366e

Aspirated_consonant

Although most aspirated obstruents in the world's language are stops and affricates, aspirated fricatives such as [sʰ], [fʰ] or [ɕʰ] have been documented in Korean, in a few Tibeto-Burman languages, in some Oto-Manguean languages, and in the Siouan language Ofo. Some languages, such as Choni Tibetan, have up to four contrastive aspirated fricatives [sʰ] [ɕʰ], [ʂʰ] and [xʰ].

Choni Tibetan has how many unaspirated fricatives?

{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }

56e069f0231d4119001ac0d1

Aspirated_consonant

True aspirated voiced consonants, as opposed to murmured (breathy-voice) consonants such as the [bʱ], [dʱ], [ɡʱ] that are common in the languages of India, are extremely rare. They have been documented in Kelabit Taa, and the Kx'a languages. Reported aspirated voiced stops, affricates and clicks are [b͡pʰ, d͡tʰ, d͡tsʰ, d͡tʃʰ, ɡ͡kʰ, ɢ͡qʰ, ᶢʘʰ, ᶢǀʰ, ᶢǁʰ, ᶢǃʰ, ᶢǂʰ].

Indian languages commonly have murmured consonants instead of what?

{ "answer_start": [ 0 ], "text": [ "True aspirated voiced consonants" ] }

56e069f0231d4119001ac0d2

Aspirated_consonant

True aspirated voiced consonants, as opposed to murmured (breathy-voice) consonants such as the [bʱ], [dʱ], [ɡʱ] that are common in the languages of India, are extremely rare. They have been documented in Kelabit Taa, and the Kx'a languages. Reported aspirated voiced stops, affricates and clicks are [b͡pʰ, d͡tʰ, d͡tsʰ, d͡tʃʰ, ɡ͡kʰ, ɢ͡qʰ, ᶢʘʰ, ᶢǀʰ, ᶢǁʰ, ᶢǃʰ, ᶢǂʰ].

True aspirated consonants are considered what?

{ "answer_start": [ 170 ], "text": [ "rare" ] }

56e069f0231d4119001ac0d3

Aspirated_consonant

True aspirated voiced consonants, as opposed to murmured (breathy-voice) consonants such as the [bʱ], [dʱ], [ɡʱ] that are common in the languages of India, are extremely rare. They have been documented in Kelabit Taa, and the Kx'a languages. Reported aspirated voiced stops, affricates and clicks are [b͡pʰ, d͡tʰ, d͡tsʰ, d͡tʃʰ, ɡ͡kʰ, ɢ͡qʰ, ᶢʘʰ, ᶢǀʰ, ᶢǁʰ, ᶢǃʰ, ᶢǂʰ].

True aspirated consonants have been found in Kelabit Taa and what else?

{ "answer_start": [ 226 ], "text": [ "Kx'a languages" ] }

5acd242407355d001abf3690

Aspirated_consonant

True aspirated voiced consonants, as opposed to murmured (breathy-voice) consonants such as the [bʱ], [dʱ], [ɡʱ] that are common in the languages of India, are extremely rare. They have been documented in Kelabit Taa, and the Kx'a languages. Reported aspirated voiced stops, affricates and clicks are [b͡pʰ, d͡tʰ, d͡tsʰ, d͡tʃʰ, ɡ͡kʰ, ɢ͡qʰ, ᶢʘʰ, ᶢǀʰ, ᶢǁʰ, ᶢǃʰ, ᶢǂʰ].

Are truly unaspirated voiceless consonants common or rare?

{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }

5acd242407355d001abf3691

Aspirated_consonant

True aspirated voiced consonants, as opposed to murmured (breathy-voice) consonants such as the [bʱ], [dʱ], [ɡʱ] that are common in the languages of India, are extremely rare. They have been documented in Kelabit Taa, and the Kx'a languages. Reported aspirated voiced stops, affricates and clicks are [b͡pʰ, d͡tʰ, d͡tsʰ, d͡tʃʰ, ɡ͡kʰ, ɢ͡qʰ, ᶢʘʰ, ᶢǀʰ, ᶢǁʰ, ᶢǃʰ, ᶢǂʰ].

What is common in the language of English?

{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }

5acd242407355d001abf3692

Aspirated_consonant

True aspirated voiced consonants, as opposed to murmured (breathy-voice) consonants such as the [bʱ], [dʱ], [ɡʱ] that are common in the languages of India, are extremely rare. They have been documented in Kelabit Taa, and the Kx'a languages. Reported aspirated voiced stops, affricates and clicks are [b͡pʰ, d͡tʰ, d͡tsʰ, d͡tʃʰ, ɡ͡kʰ, ɢ͡qʰ, ᶢʘʰ, ᶢǀʰ, ᶢǁʰ, ᶢǃʰ, ᶢǂʰ].

Murmured consonants are uncommon in which language of which country?

{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }

5acd242407355d001abf3693

Aspirated_consonant

True aspirated voiced consonants, as opposed to murmured (breathy-voice) consonants such as the [bʱ], [dʱ], [ɡʱ] that are common in the languages of India, are extremely rare. They have been documented in Kelabit Taa, and the Kx'a languages. Reported aspirated voiced stops, affricates and clicks are [b͡pʰ, d͡tʰ, d͡tsʰ, d͡tʃʰ, ɡ͡kʰ, ɢ͡qʰ, ᶢʘʰ, ᶢǀʰ, ᶢǁʰ, ᶢǃʰ, ᶢǂʰ].

What has been documented in Kelabit Taa, and the Kx'a languages?

{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }

5acd242407355d001abf3694

Aspirated_consonant

True aspirated voiced consonants, as opposed to murmured (breathy-voice) consonants such as the [bʱ], [dʱ], [ɡʱ] that are common in the languages of India, are extremely rare. They have been documented in Kelabit Taa, and the Kx'a languages. Reported aspirated voiced stops, affricates and clicks are [b͡pʰ, d͡tʰ, d͡tsʰ, d͡tʃʰ, ɡ͡kʰ, ɢ͡qʰ, ᶢʘʰ, ᶢǀʰ, ᶢǁʰ, ᶢǃʰ, ᶢǂʰ].

True aspirated voice consonants are common in which country?

{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }

56e06a517aa994140058e479

Aspirated_consonant

Aspiration has varying significance in different languages. It is either allophonic or phonemic, and may be analyzed as an underlying consonant cluster.

What has a different significance in various languages?

{ "answer_start": [ 0 ], "text": [ "Aspiration" ] }

56e06a517aa994140058e47a

Aspirated_consonant

Aspiration has varying significance in different languages. It is either allophonic or phonemic, and may be analyzed as an underlying consonant cluster.

What two forms can aspiration be in?

{ "answer_start": [ 73 ], "text": [ "allophonic or phonemic" ] }

5acd25e607355d001abf36d0

Aspirated_consonant

Aspiration has varying significance in different languages. It is either allophonic or phonemic, and may be analyzed as an underlying consonant cluster.

What may be analyzed as an underlying symbol cluster?

{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }

5acd25e607355d001abf36d1

Aspirated_consonant

Aspiration has varying significance in different languages. It is either allophonic or phonemic, and may be analyzed as an underlying consonant cluster.

Aspiration can differ in which two languages?

{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }

5acd25e607355d001abf36d2

Aspirated_consonant

Aspiration has varying significance in different languages. It is either allophonic or phonemic, and may be analyzed as an underlying consonant cluster.

Unaspiration has varying significance in what?

{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }

5acd25e607355d001abf36d3

Aspirated_consonant

Aspiration has varying significance in different languages. It is either allophonic or phonemic, and may be analyzed as an underlying consonant cluster.

What may be analyzed as an underlying phonemic cluster?

{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }

5acd25e607355d001abf36d4

Aspirated_consonant

Aspiration has varying significance in different languages. It is either allophonic or phonemic, and may be analyzed as an underlying consonant cluster.

What is either allophonic or a cluster?

{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }

56e06ab2231d4119001ac0dd

Aspirated_consonant

In some languages, such as English, aspiration is allophonic. Stops are distinguished primarily by voicing, and voiceless stops are sometimes aspirated, while voiced stops are usually unaspirated.

Aspiration is what, in English and some other languages?

{ "answer_start": [ 50 ], "text": [ "allophonic" ] }

56e06ab2231d4119001ac0de

Aspirated_consonant

In some languages, such as English, aspiration is allophonic. Stops are distinguished primarily by voicing, and voiceless stops are sometimes aspirated, while voiced stops are usually unaspirated.

How are stops distinguished?

{ "answer_start": [ 99 ], "text": [ "voicing" ] }

56e06ab2231d4119001ac0df

Aspirated_consonant

In some languages, such as English, aspiration is allophonic. Stops are distinguished primarily by voicing, and voiceless stops are sometimes aspirated, while voiced stops are usually unaspirated.

Voiceless stops are at times what?

{ "answer_start": [ 142 ], "text": [ "aspirated" ] }

56e06ab2231d4119001ac0e0

Aspirated_consonant

In some languages, such as English, aspiration is allophonic. Stops are distinguished primarily by voicing, and voiceless stops are sometimes aspirated, while voiced stops are usually unaspirated.

Voiced stops are most often what?

{ "answer_start": [ 184 ], "text": [ "unaspirated" ] }

5acd269407355d001abf36e2

Aspirated_consonant

In some languages, such as English, aspiration is allophonic. Stops are distinguished primarily by voicing, and voiceless stops are sometimes aspirated, while voiced stops are usually unaspirated.

In what language in unaspiration allophonic?

{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }

5acd269407355d001abf36e3

Aspirated_consonant

In some languages, such as English, aspiration is allophonic. Stops are distinguished primarily by voicing, and voiceless stops are sometimes aspirated, while voiced stops are usually unaspirated.

Voiceless languages are sometimes what?

{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }

5acd269407355d001abf36e4

Aspirated_consonant

In some languages, such as English, aspiration is allophonic. Stops are distinguished primarily by voicing, and voiceless stops are sometimes aspirated, while voiced stops are usually unaspirated.

Symbols are distinguished primarily by what?

{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }

5acd269407355d001abf36e5

Aspirated_consonant

In some languages, such as English, aspiration is allophonic. Stops are distinguished primarily by voicing, and voiceless stops are sometimes aspirated, while voiced stops are usually unaspirated.

Voiced breaths are usually what?

{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }

5acd269407355d001abf36e6

Aspirated_consonant

In some languages, such as English, aspiration is allophonic. Stops are distinguished primarily by voicing, and voiceless stops are sometimes aspirated, while voiced stops are usually unaspirated.

What are sometimes allophonic?

{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }

56e06b78231d4119001ac0e5

Aspirated_consonant

They are unaspirated for almost all speakers when immediately following word-initial s, as in spill, still, skill. After an s elsewhere in a word they are normally unaspirated as well, except sometimes in compound words. When the consonants in a cluster like st are analyzed as belonging to different morphemes (heteromorphemic) the stop is aspirated, but when they are analyzed as belonging to one morpheme the stop is unaspirated.[citation needed] For instance, distend has unaspirated [t] since it is not analyzed as two morphemes, but distaste has an aspirated middle [tʰ] because it is analyzed as dis- + taste and the word taste has an aspirated initial t.

When following a word such as spill, they are what for most speakers?

{ "answer_start": [ 9 ], "text": [ "unaspirated" ] }

56e06b78231d4119001ac0e6

Aspirated_consonant

They are unaspirated for almost all speakers when immediately following word-initial s, as in spill, still, skill. After an s elsewhere in a word they are normally unaspirated as well, except sometimes in compound words. When the consonants in a cluster like st are analyzed as belonging to different morphemes (heteromorphemic) the stop is aspirated, but when they are analyzed as belonging to one morpheme the stop is unaspirated.[citation needed] For instance, distend has unaspirated [t] since it is not analyzed as two morphemes, but distaste has an aspirated middle [tʰ] because it is analyzed as dis- + taste and the word taste has an aspirated initial t.

If the letter s is a different place in the word, it is typical unaspirated unless the word is what?

{ "answer_start": [ 205 ], "text": [ "compound words" ] }

56e06b78231d4119001ac0e7

Aspirated_consonant

They are unaspirated for almost all speakers when immediately following word-initial s, as in spill, still, skill. After an s elsewhere in a word they are normally unaspirated as well, except sometimes in compound words. When the consonants in a cluster like st are analyzed as belonging to different morphemes (heteromorphemic) the stop is aspirated, but when they are analyzed as belonging to one morpheme the stop is unaspirated.[citation needed] For instance, distend has unaspirated [t] since it is not analyzed as two morphemes, but distaste has an aspirated middle [tʰ] because it is analyzed as dis- + taste and the word taste has an aspirated initial t.

If there is a cluster such as st and it belongs to different morphemes, the stop is what?

{ "answer_start": [ 11 ], "text": [ "aspirated" ] }

56e06b78231d4119001ac0e8

Aspirated_consonant

They are unaspirated for almost all speakers when immediately following word-initial s, as in spill, still, skill. After an s elsewhere in a word they are normally unaspirated as well, except sometimes in compound words. When the consonants in a cluster like st are analyzed as belonging to different morphemes (heteromorphemic) the stop is aspirated, but when they are analyzed as belonging to one morpheme the stop is unaspirated.[citation needed] For instance, distend has unaspirated [t] since it is not analyzed as two morphemes, but distaste has an aspirated middle [tʰ] because it is analyzed as dis- + taste and the word taste has an aspirated initial t.

If the st belongs to one morpheme, then the stop is what?

{ "answer_start": [ 9 ], "text": [ "unaspirated" ] }

5acd27b607355d001abf3724

Aspirated_consonant

They are unaspirated for almost all speakers when immediately following word-initial s, as in spill, still, skill. After an s elsewhere in a word they are normally unaspirated as well, except sometimes in compound words. When the consonants in a cluster like st are analyzed as belonging to different morphemes (heteromorphemic) the stop is aspirated, but when they are analyzed as belonging to one morpheme the stop is unaspirated.[citation needed] For instance, distend has unaspirated [t] since it is not analyzed as two morphemes, but distaste has an aspirated middle [tʰ] because it is analyzed as dis- + taste and the word taste has an aspirated initial t.

What is unaspirated since it is not analyzed as three morphemes?

{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }

5acd27b607355d001abf3725

Aspirated_consonant

They are unaspirated for almost all speakers when immediately following word-initial s, as in spill, still, skill. After an s elsewhere in a word they are normally unaspirated as well, except sometimes in compound words. When the consonants in a cluster like st are analyzed as belonging to different morphemes (heteromorphemic) the stop is aspirated, but when they are analyzed as belonging to one morpheme the stop is unaspirated.[citation needed] For instance, distend has unaspirated [t] since it is not analyzed as two morphemes, but distaste has an aspirated middle [tʰ] because it is analyzed as dis- + taste and the word taste has an aspirated initial t.

What word-initial is aspirated for almost all speakers?

{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }

5acd27b607355d001abf3726

Aspirated_consonant

They are unaspirated for almost all speakers when immediately following word-initial s, as in spill, still, skill. After an s elsewhere in a word they are normally unaspirated as well, except sometimes in compound words. When the consonants in a cluster like st are analyzed as belonging to different morphemes (heteromorphemic) the stop is aspirated, but when they are analyzed as belonging to one morpheme the stop is unaspirated.[citation needed] For instance, distend has unaspirated [t] since it is not analyzed as two morphemes, but distaste has an aspirated middle [tʰ] because it is analyzed as dis- + taste and the word taste has an aspirated initial t.

When is the consonant unaspirated?

{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }

5acd27b607355d001abf3727

Aspirated_consonant

They are unaspirated for almost all speakers when immediately following word-initial s, as in spill, still, skill. After an s elsewhere in a word they are normally unaspirated as well, except sometimes in compound words. When the consonants in a cluster like st are analyzed as belonging to different morphemes (heteromorphemic) the stop is aspirated, but when they are analyzed as belonging to one morpheme the stop is unaspirated.[citation needed] For instance, distend has unaspirated [t] since it is not analyzed as two morphemes, but distaste has an aspirated middle [tʰ] because it is analyzed as dis- + taste and the word taste has an aspirated initial t.

Distaste has an unaspirated middle why?

{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }

5acd27b607355d001abf3728

Aspirated_consonant

They are unaspirated for almost all speakers when immediately following word-initial s, as in spill, still, skill. After an s elsewhere in a word they are normally unaspirated as well, except sometimes in compound words. When the consonants in a cluster like st are analyzed as belonging to different morphemes (heteromorphemic) the stop is aspirated, but when they are analyzed as belonging to one morpheme the stop is unaspirated.[citation needed] For instance, distend has unaspirated [t] since it is not analyzed as two morphemes, but distaste has an aspirated middle [tʰ] because it is analyzed as dis- + taste and the word taste has an aspirated initial t.

After a k elsewhere in a word they are normally what?

{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }

56e06bd2231d4119001ac0ed

Aspirated_consonant

In many languages, such as Armenian, Korean, Thai, Indo-Aryan languages, Dravidian languages, Icelandic, Ancient Greek, and the varieties of Chinese, tenuis and aspirated consonants are phonemic. Unaspirated consonants like [p˭ s˭] and aspirated consonants like [pʰ ʰp sʰ] are separate phonemes, and words are distinguished by whether they have one or the other.

In languages like Thai and Icelandic, tenuis and aspirated consonants are what?

{ "answer_start": [ 186 ], "text": [ "phonemic" ] }

56e06bd2231d4119001ac0ee

Aspirated_consonant

In many languages, such as Armenian, Korean, Thai, Indo-Aryan languages, Dravidian languages, Icelandic, Ancient Greek, and the varieties of Chinese, tenuis and aspirated consonants are phonemic. Unaspirated consonants like [p˭ s˭] and aspirated consonants like [pʰ ʰp sʰ] are separate phonemes, and words are distinguished by whether they have one or the other.

[p˭ s˭] and [pʰ ʰp sʰ] are separate what?

{ "answer_start": [ 286 ], "text": [ "phonemes" ] }

5acd287307355d001abf3736

Aspirated_consonant

In many languages, such as Armenian, Korean, Thai, Indo-Aryan languages, Dravidian languages, Icelandic, Ancient Greek, and the varieties of Chinese, tenuis and aspirated consonants are phonemic. Unaspirated consonants like [p˭ s˭] and aspirated consonants like [pʰ ʰp sʰ] are separate phonemes, and words are distinguished by whether they have one or the other.

In the Armenian language, tenuis and unaspirated stops are what?

{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }

5acd287307355d001abf3737

Aspirated_consonant

In many languages, such as Armenian, Korean, Thai, Indo-Aryan languages, Dravidian languages, Icelandic, Ancient Greek, and the varieties of Chinese, tenuis and aspirated consonants are phonemic. Unaspirated consonants like [p˭ s˭] and aspirated consonants like [pʰ ʰp sʰ] are separate phonemes, and words are distinguished by whether they have one or the other.

What makes up combined phonemes?

{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }

5acd287307355d001abf3738

Aspirated_consonant

In many languages, such as Armenian, Korean, Thai, Indo-Aryan languages, Dravidian languages, Icelandic, Ancient Greek, and the varieties of Chinese, tenuis and aspirated consonants are phonemic. Unaspirated consonants like [p˭ s˭] and aspirated consonants like [pʰ ʰp sʰ] are separate phonemes, and words are distinguished by whether they have one or the other.

Sentences are distinguished by what?

{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }

5acd287307355d001abf3739

Aspirated_consonant

In many languages, such as Armenian, Korean, Thai, Indo-Aryan languages, Dravidian languages, Icelandic, Ancient Greek, and the varieties of Chinese, tenuis and aspirated consonants are phonemic. Unaspirated consonants like [p˭ s˭] and aspirated consonants like [pʰ ʰp sʰ] are separate phonemes, and words are distinguished by whether they have one or the other.

In the English language, tenuis and aspirated consonants are what?

{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }

5acd287307355d001abf373a

Aspirated_consonant

In many languages, such as Armenian, Korean, Thai, Indo-Aryan languages, Dravidian languages, Icelandic, Ancient Greek, and the varieties of Chinese, tenuis and aspirated consonants are phonemic. Unaspirated consonants like [p˭ s˭] and aspirated consonants like [pʰ ʰp sʰ] are separate phonemes, and words are distinguished by whether they have one or the other.

An example of an unaspirated stop is?

{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }

56e06c697aa994140058e493

Aspirated_consonant

In Danish and most southern varieties of German, the "lenis" consonants transcribed for historical reasons as ⟨b d ɡ⟩ are distinguished from their fortis counterparts ⟨p t k⟩, mainly in their lack of aspiration.

How are lenis consonants distinguished from fortis consonants?

{ "answer_start": [ 186 ], "text": [ "their lack of aspiration" ] }

56e06c697aa994140058e494

Aspirated_consonant

In Danish and most southern varieties of German, the "lenis" consonants transcribed for historical reasons as ⟨b d ɡ⟩ are distinguished from their fortis counterparts ⟨p t k⟩, mainly in their lack of aspiration.

If the lenis are ⟨b d ɡ⟩, what are the fortis counterparts?

{ "answer_start": [ 167 ], "text": [ "⟨p t k⟩" ] }

5acd293a07355d001abf3754

Aspirated_consonant

In Danish and most southern varieties of German, the "lenis" consonants transcribed for historical reasons as ⟨b d ɡ⟩ are distinguished from their fortis counterparts ⟨p t k⟩, mainly in their lack of aspiration.

What is often transcribed for numerical reasons?

{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }

5acd293a07355d001abf3755

Aspirated_consonant

In Danish and most southern varieties of German, the "lenis" consonants transcribed for historical reasons as ⟨b d ɡ⟩ are distinguished from their fortis counterparts ⟨p t k⟩, mainly in their lack of aspiration.

In English, "lenis" consonants are know as what?

{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }

5acd293a07355d001abf3756

Aspirated_consonant

In Danish and most southern varieties of German, the "lenis" consonants transcribed for historical reasons as ⟨b d ɡ⟩ are distinguished from their fortis counterparts ⟨p t k⟩, mainly in their lack of aspiration.

The "lenis" consonants are distinguished from their modern counterparts by what?

{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }

5acd293a07355d001abf3757

Aspirated_consonant

In Danish and most southern varieties of German, the "lenis" consonants transcribed for historical reasons as ⟨b d ɡ⟩ are distinguished from their fortis counterparts ⟨p t k⟩, mainly in their lack of aspiration.

Fortis counterparts are known as what in the Spanish language?

{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }

5acd293a07355d001abf3758

Aspirated_consonant

In Danish and most southern varieties of German, the "lenis" consonants transcribed for historical reasons as ⟨b d ɡ⟩ are distinguished from their fortis counterparts ⟨p t k⟩, mainly in their lack of aspiration.

Fortis counterparts are translated as what in the Chinese language?

{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }

56e06cd3231d4119001ac0fd

Aspirated_consonant

Standard Chinese (Mandarin) has stops and affricates distinguished by aspiration: for instance, /t tʰ/, /t͡s t͡sʰ/. In pinyin, tenuis stops are written with letters that represent voiced consonants in English, and aspirated stops with letters that represent voiceless consonants. Thus d represents /t/, and t represents /tʰ/.

Mandarin has stops and affricates that are distinguished by what?

{ "answer_start": [ 70 ], "text": [ "aspiration" ] }

56e06cd3231d4119001ac0fe

Aspirated_consonant

Standard Chinese (Mandarin) has stops and affricates distinguished by aspiration: for instance, /t tʰ/, /t͡s t͡sʰ/. In pinyin, tenuis stops are written with letters that represent voiced consonants in English, and aspirated stops with letters that represent voiceless consonants. Thus d represents /t/, and t represents /tʰ/.

Tenuis stops have letters that are representative of English voiced consonant in what?

{ "answer_start": [ 119 ], "text": [ "pinyin" ] }

56e06cd3231d4119001ac0ff

Aspirated_consonant

Standard Chinese (Mandarin) has stops and affricates distinguished by aspiration: for instance, /t tʰ/, /t͡s t͡sʰ/. In pinyin, tenuis stops are written with letters that represent voiced consonants in English, and aspirated stops with letters that represent voiceless consonants. Thus d represents /t/, and t represents /tʰ/.

What kind of stops in pinyin are written with letters that representative of voiceless consonants?

{ "answer_start": [ 214 ], "text": [ "aspirated stops" ] }

5acd29d707355d001abf3768

Aspirated_consonant

Standard Chinese (Mandarin) has stops and affricates distinguished by aspiration: for instance, /t tʰ/, /t͡s t͡sʰ/. In pinyin, tenuis stops are written with letters that represent voiced consonants in English, and aspirated stops with letters that represent voiceless consonants. Thus d represents /t/, and t represents /tʰ/.

The English language has stops and affricates distinguished by what?

{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }

5acd29d707355d001abf3769

Aspirated_consonant

Standard Chinese (Mandarin) has stops and affricates distinguished by aspiration: for instance, /t tʰ/, /t͡s t͡sʰ/. In pinyin, tenuis stops are written with letters that represent voiced consonants in English, and aspirated stops with letters that represent voiceless consonants. Thus d represents /t/, and t represents /tʰ/.

In pinyin, tenuis consonants are written how?

{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }

5acd29d707355d001abf376a

Aspirated_consonant

Standard Chinese (Mandarin) has stops and affricates distinguished by aspiration: for instance, /t tʰ/, /t͡s t͡sʰ/. In pinyin, tenuis stops are written with letters that represent voiced consonants in English, and aspirated stops with letters that represent voiceless consonants. Thus d represents /t/, and t represents /tʰ/.

In pinyin, unaspirated stops are written how?

{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }

5acd29d707355d001abf376b

Aspirated_consonant

Standard Chinese (Mandarin) has stops and affricates distinguished by aspiration: for instance, /t tʰ/, /t͡s t͡sʰ/. In pinyin, tenuis stops are written with letters that represent voiced consonants in English, and aspirated stops with letters that represent voiceless consonants. Thus d represents /t/, and t represents /tʰ/.

What is written with letter that represent voiced consonants?

{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }

5acd29d707355d001abf376c

Aspirated_consonant

Standard Chinese (Mandarin) has stops and affricates distinguished by aspiration: for instance, /t tʰ/, /t͡s t͡sʰ/. In pinyin, tenuis stops are written with letters that represent voiced consonants in English, and aspirated stops with letters that represent voiceless consonants. Thus d represents /t/, and t represents /tʰ/.

What represents d?

{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }

56e06d44231d4119001ac103

Aspirated_consonant

Wu Chinese has a three-way distinction in stops and affricates: /p pʰ b/. In addition to aspirated and unaspirated consonants, there is a series of muddy consonants, like /b/. These are pronounced with slack or breathy voice: that is, they are weakly voiced. Muddy consonants as initial cause a syllable to be pronounced with low pitch or light (陽 yáng) tone.

What has a three-way distinction in regards to stops and affricates?

{ "answer_start": [ 0 ], "text": [ "Wu Chinese" ] }

56e06d44231d4119001ac104

Aspirated_consonant

Wu Chinese has a three-way distinction in stops and affricates: /p pʰ b/. In addition to aspirated and unaspirated consonants, there is a series of muddy consonants, like /b/. These are pronounced with slack or breathy voice: that is, they are weakly voiced. Muddy consonants as initial cause a syllable to be pronounced with low pitch or light (陽 yáng) tone.

What is the actual distinction for Wu Chinese?

{ "answer_start": [ 64 ], "text": [ "/p pʰ b/" ] }

56e06d44231d4119001ac105

Aspirated_consonant

Wu Chinese has a three-way distinction in stops and affricates: /p pʰ b/. In addition to aspirated and unaspirated consonants, there is a series of muddy consonants, like /b/. These are pronounced with slack or breathy voice: that is, they are weakly voiced. Muddy consonants as initial cause a syllable to be pronounced with low pitch or light (陽 yáng) tone.

What is /b/ representative of, in addition to aspirated and unaspirated consonants?

{ "answer_start": [ 259 ], "text": [ "Muddy consonants" ] }

56e06d44231d4119001ac106

Aspirated_consonant

Wu Chinese has a three-way distinction in stops and affricates: /p pʰ b/. In addition to aspirated and unaspirated consonants, there is a series of muddy consonants, like /b/. These are pronounced with slack or breathy voice: that is, they are weakly voiced. Muddy consonants as initial cause a syllable to be pronounced with low pitch or light (陽 yáng) tone.

What kind of voice are muddy consonants pronounced with?

{ "answer_start": [ 202 ], "text": [ "slack or breathy" ] }

5acd2a8c07355d001abf378c

Aspirated_consonant

Wu Chinese has a three-way distinction in stops and affricates: /p pʰ b/. In addition to aspirated and unaspirated consonants, there is a series of muddy consonants, like /b/. These are pronounced with slack or breathy voice: that is, they are weakly voiced. Muddy consonants as initial cause a syllable to be pronounced with low pitch or light (陽 yáng) tone.

Wu Chinese has a four-way distinction in what?

{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }

5acd2a8c07355d001abf378d

Aspirated_consonant

Wu Chinese has a three-way distinction in stops and affricates: /p pʰ b/. In addition to aspirated and unaspirated consonants, there is a series of muddy consonants, like /b/. These are pronounced with slack or breathy voice: that is, they are weakly voiced. Muddy consonants as initial cause a syllable to be pronounced with low pitch or light (陽 yáng) tone.

What is strongly voiced?

{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }

5acd2a8c07355d001abf378e

Aspirated_consonant

Wu Chinese has a three-way distinction in stops and affricates: /p pʰ b/. In addition to aspirated and unaspirated consonants, there is a series of muddy consonants, like /b/. These are pronounced with slack or breathy voice: that is, they are weakly voiced. Muddy consonants as initial cause a syllable to be pronounced with low pitch or light (陽 yáng) tone.

What causes a syllable to be pronounced with high pitch or light tone?

{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }

5acd2a8c07355d001abf378f

Aspirated_consonant

Wu Chinese has a three-way distinction in stops and affricates: /p pʰ b/. In addition to aspirated and unaspirated consonants, there is a series of muddy consonants, like /b/. These are pronounced with slack or breathy voice: that is, they are weakly voiced. Muddy consonants as initial cause a syllable to be pronounced with low pitch or light (陽 yáng) tone.

What is an example of a breathy consonant?

{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }

5acd2a8c07355d001abf3790

Aspirated_consonant

Wu Chinese has a three-way distinction in stops and affricates: /p pʰ b/. In addition to aspirated and unaspirated consonants, there is a series of muddy consonants, like /b/. These are pronounced with slack or breathy voice: that is, they are weakly voiced. Muddy consonants as initial cause a syllable to be pronounced with low pitch or light (陽 yáng) tone.

What causes a stop to be pronounced with low pitch or light tone?

{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }

56e06dca231d4119001ac10d

Aspirated_consonant

Many Indo-Aryan languages have aspirated stops. Sanskrit, Hindi, Bengali, Marathi, and Gujarati have a four-way distinction in stops: voiceless, aspirated, voiced, and breathy-voiced or voiced aspirated, such as /p pʰ b bʱ/. Punjabi has lost breathy-voiced consonants, which resulted in a tone system, and therefore has a distinction between voiceless, aspirated, and voiced: /p pʰ b/.

How many distinctions in stops do languages like Bengali and Hindi have?

{ "answer_start": [ 103 ], "text": [ "four" ] }

56e06dca231d4119001ac10f

Aspirated_consonant

Many Indo-Aryan languages have aspirated stops. Sanskrit, Hindi, Bengali, Marathi, and Gujarati have a four-way distinction in stops: voiceless, aspirated, voiced, and breathy-voiced or voiced aspirated, such as /p pʰ b bʱ/. Punjabi has lost breathy-voiced consonants, which resulted in a tone system, and therefore has a distinction between voiceless, aspirated, and voiced: /p pʰ b/.

What is another term for voice-aspirated?

{ "answer_start": [ 168 ], "text": [ "breathy-voiced" ] }

56e06dca231d4119001ac111

Aspirated_consonant

Many Indo-Aryan languages have aspirated stops. Sanskrit, Hindi, Bengali, Marathi, and Gujarati have a four-way distinction in stops: voiceless, aspirated, voiced, and breathy-voiced or voiced aspirated, such as /p pʰ b bʱ/. Punjabi has lost breathy-voiced consonants, which resulted in a tone system, and therefore has a distinction between voiceless, aspirated, and voiced: /p pʰ b/.

Which distinction has Punjabi lost?

{ "answer_start": [ 242 ], "text": [ "breathy-voiced consonants" ] }

5acd2b2a07355d001abf379e

Aspirated_consonant

Many Indo-Aryan languages have aspirated stops. Sanskrit, Hindi, Bengali, Marathi, and Gujarati have a four-way distinction in stops: voiceless, aspirated, voiced, and breathy-voiced or voiced aspirated, such as /p pʰ b bʱ/. Punjabi has lost breathy-voiced consonants, which resulted in a tone system, and therefore has a distinction between voiceless, aspirated, and voiced: /p pʰ b/.

What languages have unaspirated stops?

{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }

5acd2b2a07355d001abf379f

Aspirated_consonant

Many Indo-Aryan languages have aspirated stops. Sanskrit, Hindi, Bengali, Marathi, and Gujarati have a four-way distinction in stops: voiceless, aspirated, voiced, and breathy-voiced or voiced aspirated, such as /p pʰ b bʱ/. Punjabi has lost breathy-voiced consonants, which resulted in a tone system, and therefore has a distinction between voiceless, aspirated, and voiced: /p pʰ b/.

Sanskrit has a three-way distinction in what?

{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }

5acd2b2a07355d001abf37a0

Aspirated_consonant

Many Indo-Aryan languages have aspirated stops. Sanskrit, Hindi, Bengali, Marathi, and Gujarati have a four-way distinction in stops: voiceless, aspirated, voiced, and breathy-voiced or voiced aspirated, such as /p pʰ b bʱ/. Punjabi has lost breathy-voiced consonants, which resulted in a tone system, and therefore has a distinction between voiceless, aspirated, and voiced: /p pʰ b/.

What has gained breathy-voiced consonants?

{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }

5acd2b2a07355d001abf37a1

Aspirated_consonant

Many Indo-Aryan languages have aspirated stops. Sanskrit, Hindi, Bengali, Marathi, and Gujarati have a four-way distinction in stops: voiceless, aspirated, voiced, and breathy-voiced or voiced aspirated, such as /p pʰ b bʱ/. Punjabi has lost breathy-voiced consonants, which resulted in a tone system, and therefore has a distinction between voiceless, aspirated, and voiced: /p pʰ b/.

What happened to result in a toneless system?

{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }

5acd2b2a07355d001abf37a2

Aspirated_consonant

Many Indo-Aryan languages have aspirated stops. Sanskrit, Hindi, Bengali, Marathi, and Gujarati have a four-way distinction in stops: voiceless, aspirated, voiced, and breathy-voiced or voiced aspirated, such as /p pʰ b bʱ/. Punjabi has lost breathy-voiced consonants, which resulted in a tone system, and therefore has a distinction between voiceless, aspirated, and voiced: /p pʰ b/.

What is an example of a two-way distinction in stops?

{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }

56e06eee231d4119001ac117

Aspirated_consonant

Some of the Dravidian languages, such as Telugu, Tamil, Malayalam, and Kannada, have a distinction between voiced and voiceless, aspirated and unaspirated only in loanwords from Indo-Aryan languages. In native Dravidian words, there is no distinction between these categories and stops are underspecified for voicing and aspiration.

Telegu, Kannada and others are considered to be some of the what languages?

{ "answer_start": [ 12 ], "text": [ "Dravidian" ] }

56e06eee231d4119001ac119

Aspirated_consonant

Some of the Dravidian languages, such as Telugu, Tamil, Malayalam, and Kannada, have a distinction between voiced and voiceless, aspirated and unaspirated only in loanwords from Indo-Aryan languages. In native Dravidian words, there is no distinction between these categories and stops are underspecified for voicing and aspiration.

What has no distinction between the categories of voiced, voiceless, aspirated and unaspirated?

{ "answer_start": [ 203 ], "text": [ "native Dravidian words" ] }

5acd2c2e07355d001abf37bc

Aspirated_consonant

Some of the Dravidian languages, such as Telugu, Tamil, Malayalam, and Kannada, have a distinction between voiced and voiceless, aspirated and unaspirated only in loanwords from Indo-Aryan languages. In native Dravidian words, there is no distinction between these categories and stops are underspecified for voicing and aspiration.

In native English words, there is no distinction between what?

{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }

5acd2c2e07355d001abf37bd

Aspirated_consonant

Some of the Dravidian languages, such as Telugu, Tamil, Malayalam, and Kannada, have a distinction between voiced and voiceless, aspirated and unaspirated only in loanwords from Indo-Aryan languages. In native Dravidian words, there is no distinction between these categories and stops are underspecified for voicing and aspiration.

What is used only in loanwords from Spanish languages?

{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }

5acd2c2e07355d001abf37be

Aspirated_consonant

Some of the Dravidian languages, such as Telugu, Tamil, Malayalam, and Kannada, have a distinction between voiced and voiceless, aspirated and unaspirated only in loanwords from Indo-Aryan languages. In native Dravidian words, there is no distinction between these categories and stops are underspecified for voicing and aspiration.

What is underspecified for voicing and unaspiratoin?

{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }

5acd2c2e07355d001abf37bf

Aspirated_consonant

Some of the Dravidian languages, such as Telugu, Tamil, Malayalam, and Kannada, have a distinction between voiced and voiceless, aspirated and unaspirated only in loanwords from Indo-Aryan languages. In native Dravidian words, there is no distinction between these categories and stops are underspecified for voicing and aspiration.

There are many category distinctions in what language?

{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }

5acd2c2e07355d001abf37c0

Aspirated_consonant

Some of the Dravidian languages, such as Telugu, Tamil, Malayalam, and Kannada, have a distinction between voiced and voiceless, aspirated and unaspirated only in loanwords from Indo-Aryan languages. In native Dravidian words, there is no distinction between these categories and stops are underspecified for voicing and aspiration.

All of the Dravidian languages have a distinction between what?

{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }

56e070687aa994140058e4c3

Aspirated_consonant

Western Armenian has a two-way distinction between aspirated and voiced: /tʰ d/. Western Armenian aspirated /tʰ/ corresponds to Eastern Armenian aspirated /tʰ/ and voiced /d/, and Western voiced /d/ corresponds to Eastern voiceless /t/.

What language has two-way distinctions between aspirated and voiced?

{ "answer_start": [ 0 ], "text": [ "Western Armenian" ] }

56e070687aa994140058e4c4

Aspirated_consonant

Western Armenian has a two-way distinction between aspirated and voiced: /tʰ d/. Western Armenian aspirated /tʰ/ corresponds to Eastern Armenian aspirated /tʰ/ and voiced /d/, and Western voiced /d/ corresponds to Eastern voiceless /t/.

Western Armenian /tʰ/ compares to eastern Armenian /tʰ/ and what?

{ "answer_start": [ 171 ], "text": [ "/d/" ] }

56e070687aa994140058e4c5

Aspirated_consonant

Western Armenian has a two-way distinction between aspirated and voiced: /tʰ d/. Western Armenian aspirated /tʰ/ corresponds to Eastern Armenian aspirated /tʰ/ and voiced /d/, and Western voiced /d/ corresponds to Eastern voiceless /t/.

The Western Armenian voiced /d/ compares to the Eastern Armenian voiceless what?

{ "answer_start": [ 232 ], "text": [ "/t/" ] }

5acd2cd607355d001abf37d8

Aspirated_consonant

Western Armenian has a two-way distinction between aspirated and voiced: /tʰ d/. Western Armenian aspirated /tʰ/ corresponds to Eastern Armenian aspirated /tʰ/ and voiced /d/, and Western voiced /d/ corresponds to Eastern voiceless /t/.

Western Armenian has a three-way distinction between what?

{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }

5acd2cd607355d001abf37d9

Aspirated_consonant

Western Armenian has a two-way distinction between aspirated and voiced: /tʰ d/. Western Armenian aspirated /tʰ/ corresponds to Eastern Armenian aspirated /tʰ/ and voiced /d/, and Western voiced /d/ corresponds to Eastern voiceless /t/.

Western Armenian aspirated corresponds to Eastern American what?

{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }

5acd2cd607355d001abf37da

Aspirated_consonant

Western Armenian has a two-way distinction between aspirated and voiced: /tʰ d/. Western Armenian aspirated /tʰ/ corresponds to Eastern Armenian aspirated /tʰ/ and voiced /d/, and Western voiced /d/ corresponds to Eastern voiceless /t/.

Western voiced /d/ corresponds to Eastern voiced what?

{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }

5acd2cd607355d001abf37db

Aspirated_consonant

Western Armenian has a two-way distinction between aspirated and voiced: /tʰ d/. Western Armenian aspirated /tʰ/ corresponds to Eastern Armenian aspirated /tʰ/ and voiced /d/, and Western voiced /d/ corresponds to Eastern voiceless /t/.

Eastern Armenian has a two-way distinction between what?

{ "answer_start": [], "text": [] }