id
stringlengths 24
24
| title
stringclasses 442
values | context
stringlengths 151
3.71k
| question
stringlengths 12
270
| answers
dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
56e3c5ce8c00841900fbaeed
|
Estonian_language
|
When Estonia was invaded and occupied by the Soviet Union in World War II, the status of the Estonian language changed to the first of two official languages (Russian being the other one). As with Latvia many immigrants entered Estonia under Soviet encouragement. In the second half of the 1970s, the pressure of bilingualism (for Estonians) intensified, resulting in widespread knowledge of Russian throughout the country. The Russian language was termed as ‘the language of friendship of nations’ and was taught to Estonian children, sometimes as early as in kindergarten. Although teaching Estonian to non-Estonians in schools was compulsory, in practice learning the language was often considered unnecessary.
|
What happened to Estonia during WWII?
|
{
"answer_start": [
17
],
"text": [
"invaded and occupied"
]
}
|
56e3c5ce8c00841900fbaeee
|
Estonian_language
|
When Estonia was invaded and occupied by the Soviet Union in World War II, the status of the Estonian language changed to the first of two official languages (Russian being the other one). As with Latvia many immigrants entered Estonia under Soviet encouragement. In the second half of the 1970s, the pressure of bilingualism (for Estonians) intensified, resulting in widespread knowledge of Russian throughout the country. The Russian language was termed as ‘the language of friendship of nations’ and was taught to Estonian children, sometimes as early as in kindergarten. Although teaching Estonian to non-Estonians in schools was compulsory, in practice learning the language was often considered unnecessary.
|
Who invaded Estonia?
|
{
"answer_start": [
45
],
"text": [
"Soviet Union"
]
}
|
56e3c5ce8c00841900fbaeef
|
Estonian_language
|
When Estonia was invaded and occupied by the Soviet Union in World War II, the status of the Estonian language changed to the first of two official languages (Russian being the other one). As with Latvia many immigrants entered Estonia under Soviet encouragement. In the second half of the 1970s, the pressure of bilingualism (for Estonians) intensified, resulting in widespread knowledge of Russian throughout the country. The Russian language was termed as ‘the language of friendship of nations’ and was taught to Estonian children, sometimes as early as in kindergarten. Although teaching Estonian to non-Estonians in schools was compulsory, in practice learning the language was often considered unnecessary.
|
After the Soviet invasion what other language became the second official Estonian language?
|
{
"answer_start": [
159
],
"text": [
"Russian"
]
}
|
56e3c5ce8c00841900fbaef0
|
Estonian_language
|
When Estonia was invaded and occupied by the Soviet Union in World War II, the status of the Estonian language changed to the first of two official languages (Russian being the other one). As with Latvia many immigrants entered Estonia under Soviet encouragement. In the second half of the 1970s, the pressure of bilingualism (for Estonians) intensified, resulting in widespread knowledge of Russian throughout the country. The Russian language was termed as ‘the language of friendship of nations’ and was taught to Estonian children, sometimes as early as in kindergarten. Although teaching Estonian to non-Estonians in schools was compulsory, in practice learning the language was often considered unnecessary.
|
What was another country with similar immigration patterns to post Soviet Estonia?
|
{
"answer_start": [
197
],
"text": [
"Latvia"
]
}
|
56e3c5ce8c00841900fbaef1
|
Estonian_language
|
When Estonia was invaded and occupied by the Soviet Union in World War II, the status of the Estonian language changed to the first of two official languages (Russian being the other one). As with Latvia many immigrants entered Estonia under Soviet encouragement. In the second half of the 1970s, the pressure of bilingualism (for Estonians) intensified, resulting in widespread knowledge of Russian throughout the country. The Russian language was termed as ‘the language of friendship of nations’ and was taught to Estonian children, sometimes as early as in kindergarten. Although teaching Estonian to non-Estonians in schools was compulsory, in practice learning the language was often considered unnecessary.
|
What became more intense in the 1970's in Estonia?
|
{
"answer_start": [
301
],
"text": [
"pressure of bilingualism"
]
}
|
5acd328807355d001abf38e6
|
Estonian_language
|
When Estonia was invaded and occupied by the Soviet Union in World War II, the status of the Estonian language changed to the first of two official languages (Russian being the other one). As with Latvia many immigrants entered Estonia under Soviet encouragement. In the second half of the 1970s, the pressure of bilingualism (for Estonians) intensified, resulting in widespread knowledge of Russian throughout the country. The Russian language was termed as ‘the language of friendship of nations’ and was taught to Estonian children, sometimes as early as in kindergarten. Although teaching Estonian to non-Estonians in schools was compulsory, in practice learning the language was often considered unnecessary.
|
What country did not occupy Estonia?
|
{
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
}
|
5acd328807355d001abf38e7
|
Estonian_language
|
When Estonia was invaded and occupied by the Soviet Union in World War II, the status of the Estonian language changed to the first of two official languages (Russian being the other one). As with Latvia many immigrants entered Estonia under Soviet encouragement. In the second half of the 1970s, the pressure of bilingualism (for Estonians) intensified, resulting in widespread knowledge of Russian throughout the country. The Russian language was termed as ‘the language of friendship of nations’ and was taught to Estonian children, sometimes as early as in kindergarten. Although teaching Estonian to non-Estonians in schools was compulsory, in practice learning the language was often considered unnecessary.
|
What happened to Estonia during WWI from the Soviet Union?
|
{
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
}
|
5acd328807355d001abf38e8
|
Estonian_language
|
When Estonia was invaded and occupied by the Soviet Union in World War II, the status of the Estonian language changed to the first of two official languages (Russian being the other one). As with Latvia many immigrants entered Estonia under Soviet encouragement. In the second half of the 1970s, the pressure of bilingualism (for Estonians) intensified, resulting in widespread knowledge of Russian throughout the country. The Russian language was termed as ‘the language of friendship of nations’ and was taught to Estonian children, sometimes as early as in kindergarten. Although teaching Estonian to non-Estonians in schools was compulsory, in practice learning the language was often considered unnecessary.
|
What became more intense in the early 1970's in Estonia?
|
{
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
}
|
5acd328807355d001abf38e9
|
Estonian_language
|
When Estonia was invaded and occupied by the Soviet Union in World War II, the status of the Estonian language changed to the first of two official languages (Russian being the other one). As with Latvia many immigrants entered Estonia under Soviet encouragement. In the second half of the 1970s, the pressure of bilingualism (for Estonians) intensified, resulting in widespread knowledge of Russian throughout the country. The Russian language was termed as ‘the language of friendship of nations’ and was taught to Estonian children, sometimes as early as in kindergarten. Although teaching Estonian to non-Estonians in schools was compulsory, in practice learning the language was often considered unnecessary.
|
What is the third language of Estonia?
|
{
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
}
|
5acd328807355d001abf38ea
|
Estonian_language
|
When Estonia was invaded and occupied by the Soviet Union in World War II, the status of the Estonian language changed to the first of two official languages (Russian being the other one). As with Latvia many immigrants entered Estonia under Soviet encouragement. In the second half of the 1970s, the pressure of bilingualism (for Estonians) intensified, resulting in widespread knowledge of Russian throughout the country. The Russian language was termed as ‘the language of friendship of nations’ and was taught to Estonian children, sometimes as early as in kindergarten. Although teaching Estonian to non-Estonians in schools was compulsory, in practice learning the language was often considered unnecessary.
|
What language was terms the "language of enemy nations"?
|
{
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
}
|
56e3c6788c00841900fbaef7
|
Estonian_language
|
During the Perestroika era, The Law on the Status of the Estonian Language was adopted in January 1989. The collapse of the Soviet Union led to the restoration of Republic of Estonia's independence. Estonian went back to being the only state language in Estonia which in practice meant that use of Estonian was promoted while the use of Russian was discouraged.
|
What historical event once again freed Estonia?
|
{
"answer_start": [
108
],
"text": [
"collapse of the Soviet Union"
]
}
|
56e3c6788c00841900fbaef8
|
Estonian_language
|
During the Perestroika era, The Law on the Status of the Estonian Language was adopted in January 1989. The collapse of the Soviet Union led to the restoration of Republic of Estonia's independence. Estonian went back to being the only state language in Estonia which in practice meant that use of Estonian was promoted while the use of Russian was discouraged.
|
Following the Soviet collapse what became the only official Estonian Language?
|
{
"answer_start": [
57
],
"text": [
"Estonian"
]
}
|
56e3c6788c00841900fbaef9
|
Estonian_language
|
During the Perestroika era, The Law on the Status of the Estonian Language was adopted in January 1989. The collapse of the Soviet Union led to the restoration of Republic of Estonia's independence. Estonian went back to being the only state language in Estonia which in practice meant that use of Estonian was promoted while the use of Russian was discouraged.
|
What language was no longer promoted as one of Estonia's main languages?
|
{
"answer_start": [
337
],
"text": [
"Russian"
]
}
|
56e3c6788c00841900fbaefa
|
Estonian_language
|
During the Perestroika era, The Law on the Status of the Estonian Language was adopted in January 1989. The collapse of the Soviet Union led to the restoration of Republic of Estonia's independence. Estonian went back to being the only state language in Estonia which in practice meant that use of Estonian was promoted while the use of Russian was discouraged.
|
What came into being in January 1989?
|
{
"answer_start": [
28
],
"text": [
"The Law on the Status of the Estonian Language"
]
}
|
5acd32ff07355d001abf38fa
|
Estonian_language
|
During the Perestroika era, The Law on the Status of the Estonian Language was adopted in January 1989. The collapse of the Soviet Union led to the restoration of Republic of Estonia's independence. Estonian went back to being the only state language in Estonia which in practice meant that use of Estonian was promoted while the use of Russian was discouraged.
|
What historical event once again enslaved Estonia?
|
{
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
}
|
5acd32ff07355d001abf38fb
|
Estonian_language
|
During the Perestroika era, The Law on the Status of the Estonian Language was adopted in January 1989. The collapse of the Soviet Union led to the restoration of Republic of Estonia's independence. Estonian went back to being the only state language in Estonia which in practice meant that use of Estonian was promoted while the use of Russian was discouraged.
|
Following the Soviet rise what became the only official Estonian Language?
|
{
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
}
|
5acd32ff07355d001abf38fc
|
Estonian_language
|
During the Perestroika era, The Law on the Status of the Estonian Language was adopted in January 1989. The collapse of the Soviet Union led to the restoration of Republic of Estonia's independence. Estonian went back to being the only state language in Estonia which in practice meant that use of Estonian was promoted while the use of Russian was discouraged.
|
What language became less popular prior to the Soviet collapse?
|
{
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
}
|
5acd32ff07355d001abf38fd
|
Estonian_language
|
During the Perestroika era, The Law on the Status of the Estonian Language was adopted in January 1989. The collapse of the Soviet Union led to the restoration of Republic of Estonia's independence. Estonian went back to being the only state language in Estonia which in practice meant that use of Estonian was promoted while the use of Russian was discouraged.
|
What came into being in February 1989?
|
{
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
}
|
5acd32ff07355d001abf38fe
|
Estonian_language
|
During the Perestroika era, The Law on the Status of the Estonian Language was adopted in January 1989. The collapse of the Soviet Union led to the restoration of Republic of Estonia's independence. Estonian went back to being the only state language in Estonia which in practice meant that use of Estonian was promoted while the use of Russian was discouraged.
|
When was Russian encouraged to be used in Estonia?
|
{
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
}
|
56e3c76639bdeb140034790e
|
Estonian_language
|
The return of Soviet immigrants to their countries of origin has brought the proportion of Estonians in Estonia back above 70%. And again as in Latvia, today many of the remnant non-Estonians in Estonia have adopted the Estonian language; about 40% at the 2000 census.
|
Following the departure of the Soviet immigrants what was the percentage of Estonians in Estonia?
|
{
"answer_start": [
117
],
"text": [
"above 70%"
]
}
|
5acd3cb907355d001abf39cc
|
Estonian_language
|
The return of Soviet immigrants to their countries of origin has brought the proportion of Estonians in Estonia back above 70%. And again as in Latvia, today many of the remnant non-Estonians in Estonia have adopted the Estonian language; about 40% at the 2000 census.
|
When Soviet immigrants joined Estonia, how many Estonians lived in Estonia?
|
{
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
}
|
5acd3cb907355d001abf39cd
|
Estonian_language
|
The return of Soviet immigrants to their countries of origin has brought the proportion of Estonians in Estonia back above 70%. And again as in Latvia, today many of the remnant non-Estonians in Estonia have adopted the Estonian language; about 40% at the 2000 census.
|
How many native Estonians adopted Estonian?
|
{
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
}
|
5acd3cb907355d001abf39ce
|
Estonian_language
|
The return of Soviet immigrants to their countries of origin has brought the proportion of Estonians in Estonia back above 70%. And again as in Latvia, today many of the remnant non-Estonians in Estonia have adopted the Estonian language; about 40% at the 2000 census.
|
What percentage of Estonians spoke Russian in 2000?
|
{
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
}
|
5acd3cb907355d001abf39cf
|
Estonian_language
|
The return of Soviet immigrants to their countries of origin has brought the proportion of Estonians in Estonia back above 70%. And again as in Latvia, today many of the remnant non-Estonians in Estonia have adopted the Estonian language; about 40% at the 2000 census.
|
What percentage of Soviets spoke Estonian?
|
{
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
}
|
5acd3cb907355d001abf39d0
|
Estonian_language
|
The return of Soviet immigrants to their countries of origin has brought the proportion of Estonians in Estonia back above 70%. And again as in Latvia, today many of the remnant non-Estonians in Estonia have adopted the Estonian language; about 40% at the 2000 census.
|
What percentage of Latvians spoke Russian?
|
{
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
}
|
56e427248c00841900fbaeff
|
Estonian_language
|
The Estonian dialects are divided into two groups – the northern and southern dialects, historically associated with the cities of Tallinn in the north and Tartu in the south, in addition to a distinct kirderanniku dialect, that of the northeastern coast of Estonia.
|
How many groups of Estonian dialects are there?
|
{
"answer_start": [
39
],
"text": [
"two"
]
}
|
56e427248c00841900fbaf00
|
Estonian_language
|
The Estonian dialects are divided into two groups – the northern and southern dialects, historically associated with the cities of Tallinn in the north and Tartu in the south, in addition to a distinct kirderanniku dialect, that of the northeastern coast of Estonia.
|
What are the names of the Estonian dialect groups?
|
{
"answer_start": [
52
],
"text": [
"the northern and southern dialects"
]
}
|
56e427248c00841900fbaf01
|
Estonian_language
|
The Estonian dialects are divided into two groups – the northern and southern dialects, historically associated with the cities of Tallinn in the north and Tartu in the south, in addition to a distinct kirderanniku dialect, that of the northeastern coast of Estonia.
|
What is the northern city to which the northern dialect is associated?
|
{
"answer_start": [
131
],
"text": [
"Tallinn"
]
}
|
56e427248c00841900fbaf02
|
Estonian_language
|
The Estonian dialects are divided into two groups – the northern and southern dialects, historically associated with the cities of Tallinn in the north and Tartu in the south, in addition to a distinct kirderanniku dialect, that of the northeastern coast of Estonia.
|
Where is the kirderanniku dialect spoken?
|
{
"answer_start": [
232
],
"text": [
"the northeastern coast of Estonia"
]
}
|
56e427248c00841900fbaf03
|
Estonian_language
|
The Estonian dialects are divided into two groups – the northern and southern dialects, historically associated with the cities of Tallinn in the north and Tartu in the south, in addition to a distinct kirderanniku dialect, that of the northeastern coast of Estonia.
|
What is the city where the southern dialect was historically spoken?
|
{
"answer_start": [
156
],
"text": [
"Tartu"
]
}
|
5acd3d4907355d001abf39ea
|
Estonian_language
|
The Estonian dialects are divided into two groups – the northern and southern dialects, historically associated with the cities of Tallinn in the north and Tartu in the south, in addition to a distinct kirderanniku dialect, that of the northeastern coast of Estonia.
|
What city is north of Tallinn?
|
{
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
}
|
5acd3d4907355d001abf39eb
|
Estonian_language
|
The Estonian dialects are divided into two groups – the northern and southern dialects, historically associated with the cities of Tallinn in the north and Tartu in the south, in addition to a distinct kirderanniku dialect, that of the northeastern coast of Estonia.
|
What city is south of Tartu?
|
{
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
}
|
5acd3d4907355d001abf39ec
|
Estonian_language
|
The Estonian dialects are divided into two groups – the northern and southern dialects, historically associated with the cities of Tallinn in the north and Tartu in the south, in addition to a distinct kirderanniku dialect, that of the northeastern coast of Estonia.
|
What is the city where the eastern dialect was historically spoken?
|
{
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
}
|
5acd3d4907355d001abf39ed
|
Estonian_language
|
The Estonian dialects are divided into two groups – the northern and southern dialects, historically associated with the cities of Tallinn in the north and Tartu in the south, in addition to a distinct kirderanniku dialect, that of the northeastern coast of Estonia.
|
Where is the kirderanniku dialect not spoken?
|
{
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
}
|
56e428b08c00841900fbaf09
|
Estonian_language
|
The northern group consists of the keskmurre or central dialect that is also the basis for the standard language, the läänemurre or western dialect, roughly corresponding to Läänemaa and Pärnumaa, the saarte murre (islands') dialect of Saaremaa and Hiiumaa and the idamurre or eastern dialect on the northwestern shore of Lake Peipsi.
|
What dialect is also known as the central dialect?
|
{
"answer_start": [
31
],
"text": [
"the keskmurre"
]
}
|
56e428b08c00841900fbaf0a
|
Estonian_language
|
The northern group consists of the keskmurre or central dialect that is also the basis for the standard language, the läänemurre or western dialect, roughly corresponding to Läänemaa and Pärnumaa, the saarte murre (islands') dialect of Saaremaa and Hiiumaa and the idamurre or eastern dialect on the northwestern shore of Lake Peipsi.
|
What is the dialect from Lake Peipsi?
|
{
"answer_start": [
261
],
"text": [
"the idamurre or eastern dialect"
]
}
|
56e428b08c00841900fbaf0b
|
Estonian_language
|
The northern group consists of the keskmurre or central dialect that is also the basis for the standard language, the läänemurre or western dialect, roughly corresponding to Läänemaa and Pärnumaa, the saarte murre (islands') dialect of Saaremaa and Hiiumaa and the idamurre or eastern dialect on the northwestern shore of Lake Peipsi.
|
What dialects of the northern group are spoken on the saarte murre?
|
{
"answer_start": [
236
],
"text": [
"Saaremaa and Hiiumaa"
]
}
|
56e428b08c00841900fbaf0c
|
Estonian_language
|
The northern group consists of the keskmurre or central dialect that is also the basis for the standard language, the läänemurre or western dialect, roughly corresponding to Läänemaa and Pärnumaa, the saarte murre (islands') dialect of Saaremaa and Hiiumaa and the idamurre or eastern dialect on the northwestern shore of Lake Peipsi.
|
What is another name for Estonian's northern group's western dialect?
|
{
"answer_start": [
114
],
"text": [
"the läänemurre"
]
}
|
5acd3dc207355d001abf39f2
|
Estonian_language
|
The northern group consists of the keskmurre or central dialect that is also the basis for the standard language, the läänemurre or western dialect, roughly corresponding to Läänemaa and Pärnumaa, the saarte murre (islands') dialect of Saaremaa and Hiiumaa and the idamurre or eastern dialect on the northwestern shore of Lake Peipsi.
|
What dialect is also known as the middle dialect?
|
{
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
}
|
5acd3dc207355d001abf39f3
|
Estonian_language
|
The northern group consists of the keskmurre or central dialect that is also the basis for the standard language, the läänemurre or western dialect, roughly corresponding to Läänemaa and Pärnumaa, the saarte murre (islands') dialect of Saaremaa and Hiiumaa and the idamurre or eastern dialect on the northwestern shore of Lake Peipsi.
|
What is the dialect from the city of Peipsi?
|
{
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
}
|
5acd3dc207355d001abf39f4
|
Estonian_language
|
The northern group consists of the keskmurre or central dialect that is also the basis for the standard language, the läänemurre or western dialect, roughly corresponding to Läänemaa and Pärnumaa, the saarte murre (islands') dialect of Saaremaa and Hiiumaa and the idamurre or eastern dialect on the northwestern shore of Lake Peipsi.
|
What dialects of the southern group are spoken on the saarte murre?
|
{
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
}
|
5acd3dc207355d001abf39f5
|
Estonian_language
|
The northern group consists of the keskmurre or central dialect that is also the basis for the standard language, the läänemurre or western dialect, roughly corresponding to Läänemaa and Pärnumaa, the saarte murre (islands') dialect of Saaremaa and Hiiumaa and the idamurre or eastern dialect on the northwestern shore of Lake Peipsi.
|
What is another name for Estonian's southern dialect?
|
{
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
}
|
56e429db8c00841900fbaf11
|
Estonian_language
|
The southern group (South Estonian language) consists of the Tartu, Mulgi, Võru (Võro) and Setu (Seto) dialects. These are sometimes considered either variants of a South Estonian language, or separate languages altogether. Also, Seto and Võro distinguish themselves from each other less by language and more by their culture and their respective Christian confession.
|
What dialects comprise the southern group?
|
{
"answer_start": [
57
],
"text": [
"the Tartu, Mulgi, Võru (Võro) and Setu (Seto) dialects"
]
}
|
56e429db8c00841900fbaf12
|
Estonian_language
|
The southern group (South Estonian language) consists of the Tartu, Mulgi, Võru (Võro) and Setu (Seto) dialects. These are sometimes considered either variants of a South Estonian language, or separate languages altogether. Also, Seto and Võro distinguish themselves from each other less by language and more by their culture and their respective Christian confession.
|
More importantly than their language aspect how do the Seto and Võro dialects set themselves apart from each other?
|
{
"answer_start": [
312
],
"text": [
"their culture"
]
}
|
56e429db8c00841900fbaf13
|
Estonian_language
|
The southern group (South Estonian language) consists of the Tartu, Mulgi, Võru (Võro) and Setu (Seto) dialects. These are sometimes considered either variants of a South Estonian language, or separate languages altogether. Also, Seto and Võro distinguish themselves from each other less by language and more by their culture and their respective Christian confession.
|
Aside from being thought of as variants of Estonian's southern group what else are the Tartu, Mulgi, Võru (Võro) and Setu (Seto) dialects sometimes considered?
|
{
"answer_start": [
193
],
"text": [
"separate languages altogether"
]
}
|
56e429db8c00841900fbaf14
|
Estonian_language
|
The southern group (South Estonian language) consists of the Tartu, Mulgi, Võru (Võro) and Setu (Seto) dialects. These are sometimes considered either variants of a South Estonian language, or separate languages altogether. Also, Seto and Võro distinguish themselves from each other less by language and more by their culture and their respective Christian confession.
|
What religion is associated with Seto and Võro?
|
{
"answer_start": [
347
],
"text": [
"Christian"
]
}
|
5acd3e2807355d001abf3a04
|
Estonian_language
|
The southern group (South Estonian language) consists of the Tartu, Mulgi, Võru (Võro) and Setu (Seto) dialects. These are sometimes considered either variants of a South Estonian language, or separate languages altogether. Also, Seto and Võro distinguish themselves from each other less by language and more by their culture and their respective Christian confession.
|
What dialects do not comprise the southern group?
|
{
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
}
|
5acd3e2807355d001abf3a05
|
Estonian_language
|
The southern group (South Estonian language) consists of the Tartu, Mulgi, Võru (Võro) and Setu (Seto) dialects. These are sometimes considered either variants of a South Estonian language, or separate languages altogether. Also, Seto and Võro distinguish themselves from each other less by language and more by their culture and their respective Christian confession.
|
How are the seto and voro communties similar?
|
{
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
}
|
5acd3e2807355d001abf3a06
|
Estonian_language
|
The southern group (South Estonian language) consists of the Tartu, Mulgi, Võru (Võro) and Setu (Seto) dialects. These are sometimes considered either variants of a South Estonian language, or separate languages altogether. Also, Seto and Võro distinguish themselves from each other less by language and more by their culture and their respective Christian confession.
|
What religion is rejected by the Seto and Võro?
|
{
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
}
|
56e42a7f8c00841900fbaf19
|
Estonian_language
|
Like Finnish, Estonian employs the Latin script as the basis for its alphabet, which adds the letters ä, ö, ü, and õ, plus the later additions š and ž. The letters c, q, w, x and y are limited to proper names of foreign origin, and f, z, š, and ž appear in loanwords and foreign names only. Ö and ü are pronounced similarly to their equivalents in Swedish and German. Unlike in standard German but like Finnish and Swedish (when followed by 'r'), Ä is pronounced [æ], as in English mat. The vowels Ä, Ö and Ü are clearly separate phonemes and inherent in Estonian, although the letter shapes come from German. The letter õ denotes /ɤ/, unrounded /o/, or a close-mid back unrounded vowel. It is almost identical to the Bulgarian ъ /ɤ̞/ and the Vietnamese ơ, and is used to transcribe the Russian ы.
|
From what script does the Estonian language get its alphabet?
|
{
"answer_start": [
35
],
"text": [
"Latin"
]
}
|
56e42a7f8c00841900fbaf1a
|
Estonian_language
|
Like Finnish, Estonian employs the Latin script as the basis for its alphabet, which adds the letters ä, ö, ü, and õ, plus the later additions š and ž. The letters c, q, w, x and y are limited to proper names of foreign origin, and f, z, š, and ž appear in loanwords and foreign names only. Ö and ü are pronounced similarly to their equivalents in Swedish and German. Unlike in standard German but like Finnish and Swedish (when followed by 'r'), Ä is pronounced [æ], as in English mat. The vowels Ä, Ö and Ü are clearly separate phonemes and inherent in Estonian, although the letter shapes come from German. The letter õ denotes /ɤ/, unrounded /o/, or a close-mid back unrounded vowel. It is almost identical to the Bulgarian ъ /ɤ̞/ and the Vietnamese ơ, and is used to transcribe the Russian ы.
|
What is another language that uses Latin for its alphabet?
|
{
"answer_start": [
5
],
"text": [
"Finnish"
]
}
|
56e42a7f8c00841900fbaf1b
|
Estonian_language
|
Like Finnish, Estonian employs the Latin script as the basis for its alphabet, which adds the letters ä, ö, ü, and õ, plus the later additions š and ž. The letters c, q, w, x and y are limited to proper names of foreign origin, and f, z, š, and ž appear in loanwords and foreign names only. Ö and ü are pronounced similarly to their equivalents in Swedish and German. Unlike in standard German but like Finnish and Swedish (when followed by 'r'), Ä is pronounced [æ], as in English mat. The vowels Ä, Ö and Ü are clearly separate phonemes and inherent in Estonian, although the letter shapes come from German. The letter õ denotes /ɤ/, unrounded /o/, or a close-mid back unrounded vowel. It is almost identical to the Bulgarian ъ /ɤ̞/ and the Vietnamese ơ, and is used to transcribe the Russian ы.
|
In the Estonian language how is the letter A pronounced?
|
{
"answer_start": [
463
],
"text": [
"[æ], as in English mat"
]
}
|
5acd3eba07355d001abf3a12
|
Estonian_language
|
Like Finnish, Estonian employs the Latin script as the basis for its alphabet, which adds the letters ä, ö, ü, and õ, plus the later additions š and ž. The letters c, q, w, x and y are limited to proper names of foreign origin, and f, z, š, and ž appear in loanwords and foreign names only. Ö and ü are pronounced similarly to their equivalents in Swedish and German. Unlike in standard German but like Finnish and Swedish (when followed by 'r'), Ä is pronounced [æ], as in English mat. The vowels Ä, Ö and Ü are clearly separate phonemes and inherent in Estonian, although the letter shapes come from German. The letter õ denotes /ɤ/, unrounded /o/, or a close-mid back unrounded vowel. It is almost identical to the Bulgarian ъ /ɤ̞/ and the Vietnamese ơ, and is used to transcribe the Russian ы.
|
From what script does the Swedish language get its alphabet?
|
{
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
}
|
5acd3eba07355d001abf3a13
|
Estonian_language
|
Like Finnish, Estonian employs the Latin script as the basis for its alphabet, which adds the letters ä, ö, ü, and õ, plus the later additions š and ž. The letters c, q, w, x and y are limited to proper names of foreign origin, and f, z, š, and ž appear in loanwords and foreign names only. Ö and ü are pronounced similarly to their equivalents in Swedish and German. Unlike in standard German but like Finnish and Swedish (when followed by 'r'), Ä is pronounced [æ], as in English mat. The vowels Ä, Ö and Ü are clearly separate phonemes and inherent in Estonian, although the letter shapes come from German. The letter õ denotes /ɤ/, unrounded /o/, or a close-mid back unrounded vowel. It is almost identical to the Bulgarian ъ /ɤ̞/ and the Vietnamese ơ, and is used to transcribe the Russian ы.
|
From what script does the German language get its alphabet?
|
{
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
}
|
5acd3eba07355d001abf3a14
|
Estonian_language
|
Like Finnish, Estonian employs the Latin script as the basis for its alphabet, which adds the letters ä, ö, ü, and õ, plus the later additions š and ž. The letters c, q, w, x and y are limited to proper names of foreign origin, and f, z, š, and ž appear in loanwords and foreign names only. Ö and ü are pronounced similarly to their equivalents in Swedish and German. Unlike in standard German but like Finnish and Swedish (when followed by 'r'), Ä is pronounced [æ], as in English mat. The vowels Ä, Ö and Ü are clearly separate phonemes and inherent in Estonian, although the letter shapes come from German. The letter õ denotes /ɤ/, unrounded /o/, or a close-mid back unrounded vowel. It is almost identical to the Bulgarian ъ /ɤ̞/ and the Vietnamese ơ, and is used to transcribe the Russian ы.
|
What vowels are not separate phonemes?
|
{
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
}
|
5acd3eba07355d001abf3a15
|
Estonian_language
|
Like Finnish, Estonian employs the Latin script as the basis for its alphabet, which adds the letters ä, ö, ü, and õ, plus the later additions š and ž. The letters c, q, w, x and y are limited to proper names of foreign origin, and f, z, š, and ž appear in loanwords and foreign names only. Ö and ü are pronounced similarly to their equivalents in Swedish and German. Unlike in standard German but like Finnish and Swedish (when followed by 'r'), Ä is pronounced [æ], as in English mat. The vowels Ä, Ö and Ü are clearly separate phonemes and inherent in Estonian, although the letter shapes come from German. The letter õ denotes /ɤ/, unrounded /o/, or a close-mid back unrounded vowel. It is almost identical to the Bulgarian ъ /ɤ̞/ and the Vietnamese ơ, and is used to transcribe the Russian ы.
|
What letters are not limited to proper names of foreign origin?
|
{
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
}
|
56e42c8439bdeb1400347912
|
Estonian_language
|
Although the Estonian orthography is generally guided by phonemic principles, with each grapheme corresponding to one phoneme, there are some historical and morphological deviations from this: for example preservation of the morpheme in declension of the word (writing b, g, d in places where p, k, t is pronounced) and in the use of 'i' and 'j'.[clarification needed] Where it is very impractical or impossible to type š and ž, they are substituted with sh and zh in some written texts, although this is considered incorrect. Otherwise, the h in sh represents a voiceless glottal fricative, as in Pasha (pas-ha); this also applies to some foreign names.
|
What principles usually govern the Estonian orthography?
|
{
"answer_start": [
57
],
"text": [
"phonemic principles"
]
}
|
56e42c8439bdeb1400347913
|
Estonian_language
|
Although the Estonian orthography is generally guided by phonemic principles, with each grapheme corresponding to one phoneme, there are some historical and morphological deviations from this: for example preservation of the morpheme in declension of the word (writing b, g, d in places where p, k, t is pronounced) and in the use of 'i' and 'j'.[clarification needed] Where it is very impractical or impossible to type š and ž, they are substituted with sh and zh in some written texts, although this is considered incorrect. Otherwise, the h in sh represents a voiceless glottal fricative, as in Pasha (pas-ha); this also applies to some foreign names.
|
To how many phoneme's does each grapheme correspond?
|
{
"answer_start": [
59
],
"text": [
"one"
]
}
|
56e42c8439bdeb1400347914
|
Estonian_language
|
Although the Estonian orthography is generally guided by phonemic principles, with each grapheme corresponding to one phoneme, there are some historical and morphological deviations from this: for example preservation of the morpheme in declension of the word (writing b, g, d in places where p, k, t is pronounced) and in the use of 'i' and 'j'.[clarification needed] Where it is very impractical or impossible to type š and ž, they are substituted with sh and zh in some written texts, although this is considered incorrect. Otherwise, the h in sh represents a voiceless glottal fricative, as in Pasha (pas-ha); this also applies to some foreign names.
|
What type of deviations are there from the single phoneme to each grapheme general principle?
|
{
"answer_start": [
137
],
"text": [
"some historical and morphological deviations"
]
}
|
56e42c8439bdeb1400347915
|
Estonian_language
|
Although the Estonian orthography is generally guided by phonemic principles, with each grapheme corresponding to one phoneme, there are some historical and morphological deviations from this: for example preservation of the morpheme in declension of the word (writing b, g, d in places where p, k, t is pronounced) and in the use of 'i' and 'j'.[clarification needed] Where it is very impractical or impossible to type š and ž, they are substituted with sh and zh in some written texts, although this is considered incorrect. Otherwise, the h in sh represents a voiceless glottal fricative, as in Pasha (pas-ha); this also applies to some foreign names.
|
On what occasions are š and ž replaced with sh and zh?
|
{
"answer_start": [
369
],
"text": [
"Where it is very impractical or impossible to type š and ž"
]
}
|
56e42c8439bdeb1400347916
|
Estonian_language
|
Although the Estonian orthography is generally guided by phonemic principles, with each grapheme corresponding to one phoneme, there are some historical and morphological deviations from this: for example preservation of the morpheme in declension of the word (writing b, g, d in places where p, k, t is pronounced) and in the use of 'i' and 'j'.[clarification needed] Where it is very impractical or impossible to type š and ž, they are substituted with sh and zh in some written texts, although this is considered incorrect. Otherwise, the h in sh represents a voiceless glottal fricative, as in Pasha (pas-ha); this also applies to some foreign names.
|
What is an example of a word containing a voiceless glottal fricative?
|
{
"answer_start": [
598
],
"text": [
"Pasha (pas-ha)"
]
}
|
5acd3fbb07355d001abf3a42
|
Estonian_language
|
Although the Estonian orthography is generally guided by phonemic principles, with each grapheme corresponding to one phoneme, there are some historical and morphological deviations from this: for example preservation of the morpheme in declension of the word (writing b, g, d in places where p, k, t is pronounced) and in the use of 'i' and 'j'.[clarification needed] Where it is very impractical or impossible to type š and ž, they are substituted with sh and zh in some written texts, although this is considered incorrect. Otherwise, the h in sh represents a voiceless glottal fricative, as in Pasha (pas-ha); this also applies to some foreign names.
|
What principles never govern the Estonian orthography?
|
{
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
}
|
5acd3fbb07355d001abf3a43
|
Estonian_language
|
Although the Estonian orthography is generally guided by phonemic principles, with each grapheme corresponding to one phoneme, there are some historical and morphological deviations from this: for example preservation of the morpheme in declension of the word (writing b, g, d in places where p, k, t is pronounced) and in the use of 'i' and 'j'.[clarification needed] Where it is very impractical or impossible to type š and ž, they are substituted with sh and zh in some written texts, although this is considered incorrect. Otherwise, the h in sh represents a voiceless glottal fricative, as in Pasha (pas-ha); this also applies to some foreign names.
|
On what occasions are š and ž replaced with ch and zu?
|
{
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
}
|
5acd3fbb07355d001abf3a44
|
Estonian_language
|
Although the Estonian orthography is generally guided by phonemic principles, with each grapheme corresponding to one phoneme, there are some historical and morphological deviations from this: for example preservation of the morpheme in declension of the word (writing b, g, d in places where p, k, t is pronounced) and in the use of 'i' and 'j'.[clarification needed] Where it is very impractical or impossible to type š and ž, they are substituted with sh and zh in some written texts, although this is considered incorrect. Otherwise, the h in sh represents a voiceless glottal fricative, as in Pasha (pas-ha); this also applies to some foreign names.
|
What is an example of a word not containing a voiceless glottal fricative?
|
{
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
}
|
5acd3fbb07355d001abf3a45
|
Estonian_language
|
Although the Estonian orthography is generally guided by phonemic principles, with each grapheme corresponding to one phoneme, there are some historical and morphological deviations from this: for example preservation of the morpheme in declension of the word (writing b, g, d in places where p, k, t is pronounced) and in the use of 'i' and 'j'.[clarification needed] Where it is very impractical or impossible to type š and ž, they are substituted with sh and zh in some written texts, although this is considered incorrect. Otherwise, the h in sh represents a voiceless glottal fricative, as in Pasha (pas-ha); this also applies to some foreign names.
|
Foreign names are not considered what?
|
{
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
}
|
56e42e3739bdeb140034791c
|
Estonian_language
|
Modern Estonian orthography is based on the Newer Orthography created by Eduard Ahrens in the second half of the 19th century based on Finnish orthography. The Older Orthography it replaced was created in the 17th century by Bengt Gottfried Forselius and Johann Hornung based on standard German orthography. Earlier writing in Estonian had by and large used an ad hoc orthography based on Latin and Middle Low German orthography. Some influences of the standard German orthography — for example, writing 'W'/'w' instead of 'V'/'v' persisted well into the 1930s.
|
In what Orthagraphy does Modern Estonian orthography have its basis?
|
{
"answer_start": [
44
],
"text": [
"Newer Orthography"
]
}
|
56e42e3739bdeb140034791d
|
Estonian_language
|
Modern Estonian orthography is based on the Newer Orthography created by Eduard Ahrens in the second half of the 19th century based on Finnish orthography. The Older Orthography it replaced was created in the 17th century by Bengt Gottfried Forselius and Johann Hornung based on standard German orthography. Earlier writing in Estonian had by and large used an ad hoc orthography based on Latin and Middle Low German orthography. Some influences of the standard German orthography — for example, writing 'W'/'w' instead of 'V'/'v' persisted well into the 1930s.
|
Who is responsible for the creation of the Newer Orthography?
|
{
"answer_start": [
73
],
"text": [
"Eduard Ahrens"
]
}
|
56e42e3739bdeb140034791e
|
Estonian_language
|
Modern Estonian orthography is based on the Newer Orthography created by Eduard Ahrens in the second half of the 19th century based on Finnish orthography. The Older Orthography it replaced was created in the 17th century by Bengt Gottfried Forselius and Johann Hornung based on standard German orthography. Earlier writing in Estonian had by and large used an ad hoc orthography based on Latin and Middle Low German orthography. Some influences of the standard German orthography — for example, writing 'W'/'w' instead of 'V'/'v' persisted well into the 1930s.
|
In what century was the Newer Orthography created?
|
{
"answer_start": [
113
],
"text": [
"19th century"
]
}
|
56e42e3739bdeb140034791f
|
Estonian_language
|
Modern Estonian orthography is based on the Newer Orthography created by Eduard Ahrens in the second half of the 19th century based on Finnish orthography. The Older Orthography it replaced was created in the 17th century by Bengt Gottfried Forselius and Johann Hornung based on standard German orthography. Earlier writing in Estonian had by and large used an ad hoc orthography based on Latin and Middle Low German orthography. Some influences of the standard German orthography — for example, writing 'W'/'w' instead of 'V'/'v' persisted well into the 1930s.
|
Previous to the Newer Orthography what orthography was in place?
|
{
"answer_start": [
160
],
"text": [
"Older Orthography"
]
}
|
56e42e3739bdeb1400347920
|
Estonian_language
|
Modern Estonian orthography is based on the Newer Orthography created by Eduard Ahrens in the second half of the 19th century based on Finnish orthography. The Older Orthography it replaced was created in the 17th century by Bengt Gottfried Forselius and Johann Hornung based on standard German orthography. Earlier writing in Estonian had by and large used an ad hoc orthography based on Latin and Middle Low German orthography. Some influences of the standard German orthography — for example, writing 'W'/'w' instead of 'V'/'v' persisted well into the 1930s.
|
From what other country's orthography did the Older Orthography get its basis?
|
{
"answer_start": [
279
],
"text": [
"standard German orthography"
]
}
|
5acd401307355d001abf3a52
|
Estonian_language
|
Modern Estonian orthography is based on the Newer Orthography created by Eduard Ahrens in the second half of the 19th century based on Finnish orthography. The Older Orthography it replaced was created in the 17th century by Bengt Gottfried Forselius and Johann Hornung based on standard German orthography. Earlier writing in Estonian had by and large used an ad hoc orthography based on Latin and Middle Low German orthography. Some influences of the standard German orthography — for example, writing 'W'/'w' instead of 'V'/'v' persisted well into the 1930s.
|
In what Orthagraphy does Modern Estonian orthography reject?
|
{
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
}
|
5acd401307355d001abf3a53
|
Estonian_language
|
Modern Estonian orthography is based on the Newer Orthography created by Eduard Ahrens in the second half of the 19th century based on Finnish orthography. The Older Orthography it replaced was created in the 17th century by Bengt Gottfried Forselius and Johann Hornung based on standard German orthography. Earlier writing in Estonian had by and large used an ad hoc orthography based on Latin and Middle Low German orthography. Some influences of the standard German orthography — for example, writing 'W'/'w' instead of 'V'/'v' persisted well into the 1930s.
|
When was Eduard Ahrens born?
|
{
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
}
|
5acd401307355d001abf3a54
|
Estonian_language
|
Modern Estonian orthography is based on the Newer Orthography created by Eduard Ahrens in the second half of the 19th century based on Finnish orthography. The Older Orthography it replaced was created in the 17th century by Bengt Gottfried Forselius and Johann Hornung based on standard German orthography. Earlier writing in Estonian had by and large used an ad hoc orthography based on Latin and Middle Low German orthography. Some influences of the standard German orthography — for example, writing 'W'/'w' instead of 'V'/'v' persisted well into the 1930s.
|
When did Eduard Ahrens die?
|
{
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
}
|
5acd401307355d001abf3a55
|
Estonian_language
|
Modern Estonian orthography is based on the Newer Orthography created by Eduard Ahrens in the second half of the 19th century based on Finnish orthography. The Older Orthography it replaced was created in the 17th century by Bengt Gottfried Forselius and Johann Hornung based on standard German orthography. Earlier writing in Estonian had by and large used an ad hoc orthography based on Latin and Middle Low German orthography. Some influences of the standard German orthography — for example, writing 'W'/'w' instead of 'V'/'v' persisted well into the 1930s.
|
When did Newer Orthography end?
|
{
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
}
|
5acd401307355d001abf3a56
|
Estonian_language
|
Modern Estonian orthography is based on the Newer Orthography created by Eduard Ahrens in the second half of the 19th century based on Finnish orthography. The Older Orthography it replaced was created in the 17th century by Bengt Gottfried Forselius and Johann Hornung based on standard German orthography. Earlier writing in Estonian had by and large used an ad hoc orthography based on Latin and Middle Low German orthography. Some influences of the standard German orthography — for example, writing 'W'/'w' instead of 'V'/'v' persisted well into the 1930s.
|
When did German orthography stop being influential?
|
{
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
}
|
56e42f658c00841900fbaf1f
|
Estonian_language
|
It should be noted that Estonian words and names quoted in international publications from Soviet sources are often back-transliterations from the Russian transliteration. Examples are the use of "ya" for "ä" (e.g. Pyarnu instead of Pärnu), "y" instead of "õ" (e.g., Pylva instead of Põlva) and "yu" instead of "ü" (e.g., Pyussi instead of Püssi). Even in the Encyclopædia Britannica one can find "ostrov Khiuma", where "ostrov" means "island" in Russian and "Khiuma" is back-transliteration from Russian instead of "Hiiumaa" (Hiiumaa > Хийума(а) > Khiuma).
|
In Soviet international publications what language's transliteration are Estonian words and names often back-transliterations from?
|
{
"answer_start": [
147
],
"text": [
"Russian"
]
}
|
56e42f658c00841900fbaf20
|
Estonian_language
|
It should be noted that Estonian words and names quoted in international publications from Soviet sources are often back-transliterations from the Russian transliteration. Examples are the use of "ya" for "ä" (e.g. Pyarnu instead of Pärnu), "y" instead of "õ" (e.g., Pylva instead of Põlva) and "yu" instead of "ü" (e.g., Pyussi instead of Püssi). Even in the Encyclopædia Britannica one can find "ostrov Khiuma", where "ostrov" means "island" in Russian and "Khiuma" is back-transliteration from Russian instead of "Hiiumaa" (Hiiumaa > Хийума(а) > Khiuma).
|
What famous encyclopedia contains a Russian back-transliteration of Estonian?
|
{
"answer_start": [
360
],
"text": [
"Encyclopædia Britannica"
]
}
|
56e42f658c00841900fbaf21
|
Estonian_language
|
It should be noted that Estonian words and names quoted in international publications from Soviet sources are often back-transliterations from the Russian transliteration. Examples are the use of "ya" for "ä" (e.g. Pyarnu instead of Pärnu), "y" instead of "õ" (e.g., Pylva instead of Põlva) and "yu" instead of "ü" (e.g., Pyussi instead of Püssi). Even in the Encyclopædia Britannica one can find "ostrov Khiuma", where "ostrov" means "island" in Russian and "Khiuma" is back-transliteration from Russian instead of "Hiiumaa" (Hiiumaa > Хийума(а) > Khiuma).
|
What is the Russian back-transliteration from Encyclopædia Britannica?
|
{
"answer_start": [
397
],
"text": [
"\"ostrov Khiuma\""
]
}
|
5acd40ec07355d001abf3a7a
|
Estonian_language
|
It should be noted that Estonian words and names quoted in international publications from Soviet sources are often back-transliterations from the Russian transliteration. Examples are the use of "ya" for "ä" (e.g. Pyarnu instead of Pärnu), "y" instead of "õ" (e.g., Pylva instead of Põlva) and "yu" instead of "ü" (e.g., Pyussi instead of Püssi). Even in the Encyclopædia Britannica one can find "ostrov Khiuma", where "ostrov" means "island" in Russian and "Khiuma" is back-transliteration from Russian instead of "Hiiumaa" (Hiiumaa > Хийума(а) > Khiuma).
|
What famous encyclopedia contains a Estonian back-transliteration of Russian?
|
{
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
}
|
5acd40ec07355d001abf3a7b
|
Estonian_language
|
It should be noted that Estonian words and names quoted in international publications from Soviet sources are often back-transliterations from the Russian transliteration. Examples are the use of "ya" for "ä" (e.g. Pyarnu instead of Pärnu), "y" instead of "õ" (e.g., Pylva instead of Põlva) and "yu" instead of "ü" (e.g., Pyussi instead of Püssi). Even in the Encyclopædia Britannica one can find "ostrov Khiuma", where "ostrov" means "island" in Russian and "Khiuma" is back-transliteration from Russian instead of "Hiiumaa" (Hiiumaa > Хийума(а) > Khiuma).
|
What is the Estonian back-transliteration from Encyclopædia Britannica?
|
{
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
}
|
5acd40ec07355d001abf3a7c
|
Estonian_language
|
It should be noted that Estonian words and names quoted in international publications from Soviet sources are often back-transliterations from the Russian transliteration. Examples are the use of "ya" for "ä" (e.g. Pyarnu instead of Pärnu), "y" instead of "õ" (e.g., Pylva instead of Põlva) and "yu" instead of "ü" (e.g., Pyussi instead of Püssi). Even in the Encyclopædia Britannica one can find "ostrov Khiuma", where "ostrov" means "island" in Russian and "Khiuma" is back-transliteration from Russian instead of "Hiiumaa" (Hiiumaa > Хийума(а) > Khiuma).
|
What is the Estonian translation of ostrov?
|
{
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
}
|
5acd40ec07355d001abf3a7d
|
Estonian_language
|
It should be noted that Estonian words and names quoted in international publications from Soviet sources are often back-transliterations from the Russian transliteration. Examples are the use of "ya" for "ä" (e.g. Pyarnu instead of Pärnu), "y" instead of "õ" (e.g., Pylva instead of Põlva) and "yu" instead of "ü" (e.g., Pyussi instead of Püssi). Even in the Encyclopædia Britannica one can find "ostrov Khiuma", where "ostrov" means "island" in Russian and "Khiuma" is back-transliteration from Russian instead of "Hiiumaa" (Hiiumaa > Хийума(а) > Khiuma).
|
What is the Estonian translation of Khiuma?
|
{
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
}
|
56e4300a8c00841900fbaf25
|
Estonian_language
|
Typologically, Estonian represents a transitional form from an agglutinating language to a fusional language. The canonical word order is SVO (subject–verb–object).
|
What is the typological form of Estonian?
|
{
"answer_start": [
37
],
"text": [
"transitional"
]
}
|
56e4300a8c00841900fbaf26
|
Estonian_language
|
Typologically, Estonian represents a transitional form from an agglutinating language to a fusional language. The canonical word order is SVO (subject–verb–object).
|
What is Estonian typologically transitioning from?
|
{
"answer_start": [
60
],
"text": [
"an agglutinating language"
]
}
|
56e4300a8c00841900fbaf27
|
Estonian_language
|
Typologically, Estonian represents a transitional form from an agglutinating language to a fusional language. The canonical word order is SVO (subject–verb–object).
|
What sort of form is Estonian transitioning into?
|
{
"answer_start": [
89
],
"text": [
"a fusional language"
]
}
|
56e4300a8c00841900fbaf28
|
Estonian_language
|
Typologically, Estonian represents a transitional form from an agglutinating language to a fusional language. The canonical word order is SVO (subject–verb–object).
|
How are words ordered in Estonian canonically?
|
{
"answer_start": [
143
],
"text": [
"subject–verb–object"
]
}
|
5acd412607355d001abf3a8b
|
Estonian_language
|
Typologically, Estonian represents a transitional form from an agglutinating language to a fusional language. The canonical word order is SVO (subject–verb–object).
|
What is not the typological form of Estonian?
|
{
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
}
|
5acd412607355d001abf3a8c
|
Estonian_language
|
Typologically, Estonian represents a transitional form from an agglutinating language to a fusional language. The canonical word order is SVO (subject–verb–object).
|
What sort of form is Estonian moving away from into?
|
{
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
}
|
5acd412607355d001abf3a8d
|
Estonian_language
|
Typologically, Estonian represents a transitional form from an agglutinating language to a fusional language. The canonical word order is SVO (subject–verb–object).
|
What is the incorrect order of words in Estonian canonically?
|
{
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
}
|
56e431558c00841900fbaf2e
|
Estonian_language
|
In Estonian, nouns and pronouns do not have grammatical gender, but nouns and adjectives decline in fourteen cases: nominative, genitive, partitive, illative, inessive, elative, allative, adessive, ablative, translative, terminative, essive, abessive, and comitative, with the case and number of the adjective(s) always agreeing with that of the noun (except in the terminative, essive, abessive and comitative, where there is agreement only for the number, the adjective being in the genitive form). Thus the illative for kollane maja ("a yellow house") is kollasesse majja ("into a yellow house"), but the terminative is kollase majani ("as far as a yellow house"). With respect to the Proto-Finnic language, elision has occurred; thus, the actual case marker may be absent, but the stem is changed, cf. maja – majja and the Pohjanmaa dialect of Finnish maja – majahan.
|
What language lacks gendered nouns and pronouns?
|
{
"answer_start": [
3
],
"text": [
"Estonian"
]
}
|
56e431558c00841900fbaf2f
|
Estonian_language
|
In Estonian, nouns and pronouns do not have grammatical gender, but nouns and adjectives decline in fourteen cases: nominative, genitive, partitive, illative, inessive, elative, allative, adessive, ablative, translative, terminative, essive, abessive, and comitative, with the case and number of the adjective(s) always agreeing with that of the noun (except in the terminative, essive, abessive and comitative, where there is agreement only for the number, the adjective being in the genitive form). Thus the illative for kollane maja ("a yellow house") is kollasesse majja ("into a yellow house"), but the terminative is kollase majani ("as far as a yellow house"). With respect to the Proto-Finnic language, elision has occurred; thus, the actual case marker may be absent, but the stem is changed, cf. maja – majja and the Pohjanmaa dialect of Finnish maja – majahan.
|
In the nominative, genitive, partitive, illative, inessive, elative, allative, adessive, ablative, translative cases what always agrees with the noun in number and case?
|
{
"answer_start": [
78
],
"text": [
"adjectives"
]
}
|
5acd427d07355d001abf3ade
|
Estonian_language
|
In Estonian, nouns and pronouns do not have grammatical gender, but nouns and adjectives decline in fourteen cases: nominative, genitive, partitive, illative, inessive, elative, allative, adessive, ablative, translative, terminative, essive, abessive, and comitative, with the case and number of the adjective(s) always agreeing with that of the noun (except in the terminative, essive, abessive and comitative, where there is agreement only for the number, the adjective being in the genitive form). Thus the illative for kollane maja ("a yellow house") is kollasesse majja ("into a yellow house"), but the terminative is kollase majani ("as far as a yellow house"). With respect to the Proto-Finnic language, elision has occurred; thus, the actual case marker may be absent, but the stem is changed, cf. maja – majja and the Pohjanmaa dialect of Finnish maja – majahan.
|
What language relies on gendered nouns and pronouns?
|
{
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
}
|
5acd427d07355d001abf3adf
|
Estonian_language
|
In Estonian, nouns and pronouns do not have grammatical gender, but nouns and adjectives decline in fourteen cases: nominative, genitive, partitive, illative, inessive, elative, allative, adessive, ablative, translative, terminative, essive, abessive, and comitative, with the case and number of the adjective(s) always agreeing with that of the noun (except in the terminative, essive, abessive and comitative, where there is agreement only for the number, the adjective being in the genitive form). Thus the illative for kollane maja ("a yellow house") is kollasesse majja ("into a yellow house"), but the terminative is kollase majani ("as far as a yellow house"). With respect to the Proto-Finnic language, elision has occurred; thus, the actual case marker may be absent, but the stem is changed, cf. maja – majja and the Pohjanmaa dialect of Finnish maja – majahan.
|
In nominative cases what never agrees with the noun in number and case?
|
{
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
}
|
5acd427d07355d001abf3ae0
|
Estonian_language
|
In Estonian, nouns and pronouns do not have grammatical gender, but nouns and adjectives decline in fourteen cases: nominative, genitive, partitive, illative, inessive, elative, allative, adessive, ablative, translative, terminative, essive, abessive, and comitative, with the case and number of the adjective(s) always agreeing with that of the noun (except in the terminative, essive, abessive and comitative, where there is agreement only for the number, the adjective being in the genitive form). Thus the illative for kollane maja ("a yellow house") is kollasesse majja ("into a yellow house"), but the terminative is kollase majani ("as far as a yellow house"). With respect to the Proto-Finnic language, elision has occurred; thus, the actual case marker may be absent, but the stem is changed, cf. maja – majja and the Pohjanmaa dialect of Finnish maja – majahan.
|
What is "a yellow house" in Finnish?
|
{
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
}
|
5acd427d07355d001abf3ae1
|
Estonian_language
|
In Estonian, nouns and pronouns do not have grammatical gender, but nouns and adjectives decline in fourteen cases: nominative, genitive, partitive, illative, inessive, elative, allative, adessive, ablative, translative, terminative, essive, abessive, and comitative, with the case and number of the adjective(s) always agreeing with that of the noun (except in the terminative, essive, abessive and comitative, where there is agreement only for the number, the adjective being in the genitive form). Thus the illative for kollane maja ("a yellow house") is kollasesse majja ("into a yellow house"), but the terminative is kollase majani ("as far as a yellow house"). With respect to the Proto-Finnic language, elision has occurred; thus, the actual case marker may be absent, but the stem is changed, cf. maja – majja and the Pohjanmaa dialect of Finnish maja – majahan.
|
How many cases to verbs decline?
|
{
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
}
|
56e431f98c00841900fbaf33
|
Estonian_language
|
The direct object of the verb appears either in the accusative (for total objects) or in the partitive (for partial objects). The accusative coincides with the genitive in the singular and with nominative in the plural. Accusative vs. partitive case opposition of the object used with transitive verbs creates a telicity contrast, just as in Finnish. This is a rough equivalent of the perfective vs. imperfective aspect opposition.
|
What other language has a telicity contrast?
|
{
"answer_start": [
342
],
"text": [
"Finnish"
]
}
|
56e431f98c00841900fbaf34
|
Estonian_language
|
The direct object of the verb appears either in the accusative (for total objects) or in the partitive (for partial objects). The accusative coincides with the genitive in the singular and with nominative in the plural. Accusative vs. partitive case opposition of the object used with transitive verbs creates a telicity contrast, just as in Finnish. This is a rough equivalent of the perfective vs. imperfective aspect opposition.
|
Aside from the accusative, where can the direct object of the verb be found?
|
{
"answer_start": [
93
],
"text": [
"partitive"
]
}
|
56e431f98c00841900fbaf35
|
Estonian_language
|
The direct object of the verb appears either in the accusative (for total objects) or in the partitive (for partial objects). The accusative coincides with the genitive in the singular and with nominative in the plural. Accusative vs. partitive case opposition of the object used with transitive verbs creates a telicity contrast, just as in Finnish. This is a rough equivalent of the perfective vs. imperfective aspect opposition.
|
What is the accusative used for?
|
{
"answer_start": [
68
],
"text": [
"total objects"
]
}
|
5acd435307355d001abf3b04
|
Estonian_language
|
The direct object of the verb appears either in the accusative (for total objects) or in the partitive (for partial objects). The accusative coincides with the genitive in the singular and with nominative in the plural. Accusative vs. partitive case opposition of the object used with transitive verbs creates a telicity contrast, just as in Finnish. This is a rough equivalent of the perfective vs. imperfective aspect opposition.
|
What language does not have a telicity contrast?
|
{
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
}
|
5acd435307355d001abf3b05
|
Estonian_language
|
The direct object of the verb appears either in the accusative (for total objects) or in the partitive (for partial objects). The accusative coincides with the genitive in the singular and with nominative in the plural. Accusative vs. partitive case opposition of the object used with transitive verbs creates a telicity contrast, just as in Finnish. This is a rough equivalent of the perfective vs. imperfective aspect opposition.
|
Where can the direct object of the noun be found?
|
{
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
}
|
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