id
stringlengths 24
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| title
stringclasses 442
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stringlengths 151
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| question
stringlengths 12
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| answers
dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
56e6f11ade9d3714000680c8
|
Adult_contemporary_music
|
Urban AC is a form of AC music geared towards adult African-American audiences, and therefore, the artists that are played on these stations are most often black, such as Des'ree, whose album I Ain't Movin' was massively popular amongst both African American audience as well as the wider national audience.
|
What is the ethnicity of artists commonly played on urban adult contemporary radio?
|
{
"answer_start": [
156
],
"text": [
"black"
]
}
|
56e6f3236fe0821900b8ec4a
|
Adult_contemporary_music
|
The urban AC stations resemble soft AC rather than hot AC; they play predominantly R&B and soul music with little hip-hop. This is reflected in many of the urban AC radio stations' taglines, such as "Today's R&B and classic soul", "The best variety of R&B hits and oldies" and "(City/Region)'s R&B leader". Urban AC's core artists include Luther Vandross, Trey Songz, Patti LaBelle, Toni Braxton, Whitney Houston, Aretha Franklin, Frank Ocean, Craig David and Mariah Carey.
|
What other adult contemporary radio format is urban AC similar to?
|
{
"answer_start": [
31
],
"text": [
"soft AC"
]
}
|
56e6f3236fe0821900b8ec4b
|
Adult_contemporary_music
|
The urban AC stations resemble soft AC rather than hot AC; they play predominantly R&B and soul music with little hip-hop. This is reflected in many of the urban AC radio stations' taglines, such as "Today's R&B and classic soul", "The best variety of R&B hits and oldies" and "(City/Region)'s R&B leader". Urban AC's core artists include Luther Vandross, Trey Songz, Patti LaBelle, Toni Braxton, Whitney Houston, Aretha Franklin, Frank Ocean, Craig David and Mariah Carey.
|
What genre of music is not played frequently on urban AC?
|
{
"answer_start": [
114
],
"text": [
"hip-hop"
]
}
|
56e6f3236fe0821900b8ec4c
|
Adult_contemporary_music
|
The urban AC stations resemble soft AC rather than hot AC; they play predominantly R&B and soul music with little hip-hop. This is reflected in many of the urban AC radio stations' taglines, such as "Today's R&B and classic soul", "The best variety of R&B hits and oldies" and "(City/Region)'s R&B leader". Urban AC's core artists include Luther Vandross, Trey Songz, Patti LaBelle, Toni Braxton, Whitney Houston, Aretha Franklin, Frank Ocean, Craig David and Mariah Carey.
|
What two genres of music are popular on urban AC?
|
{
"answer_start": [
83
],
"text": [
"R&B and soul music"
]
}
|
56e6f3236fe0821900b8ec4d
|
Adult_contemporary_music
|
The urban AC stations resemble soft AC rather than hot AC; they play predominantly R&B and soul music with little hip-hop. This is reflected in many of the urban AC radio stations' taglines, such as "Today's R&B and classic soul", "The best variety of R&B hits and oldies" and "(City/Region)'s R&B leader". Urban AC's core artists include Luther Vandross, Trey Songz, Patti LaBelle, Toni Braxton, Whitney Houston, Aretha Franklin, Frank Ocean, Craig David and Mariah Carey.
|
Along with Trey Songz, Patti LaBelle, Toni Braxton, Whitney Houston, Aretha Franklin, Frank Ocean, Craig David and Mariah Carey, who is a well-known urban AC artist?
|
{
"answer_start": [
339
],
"text": [
"Luther Vandross"
]
}
|
56e6f3236fe0821900b8ec4e
|
Adult_contemporary_music
|
The urban AC stations resemble soft AC rather than hot AC; they play predominantly R&B and soul music with little hip-hop. This is reflected in many of the urban AC radio stations' taglines, such as "Today's R&B and classic soul", "The best variety of R&B hits and oldies" and "(City/Region)'s R&B leader". Urban AC's core artists include Luther Vandross, Trey Songz, Patti LaBelle, Toni Braxton, Whitney Houston, Aretha Franklin, Frank Ocean, Craig David and Mariah Carey.
|
What adult contemporary radio format is urban AC not similar to?
|
{
"answer_start": [
51
],
"text": [
"hot AC"
]
}
|
56e6f3976fe0821900b8ec54
|
Adult_contemporary_music
|
A more elaborate form of urban AC is the rhythmic oldies format, which focuses primarily on "old school" R&B and soul hits from the 1960s to the 1990s, including Motown and disco hits. The format includes soul or disco artists such as ABBA, The Village People, The Jackson 5, Donna Summer, Tina Charles, Gloria Gaynor and the Bee Gees. Rhythmic oldies stations still exist today, but target African-Americans as opposed to a mass audience.
|
What radio format is similar to urban AC but features older soul and R&B songs?
|
{
"answer_start": [
41
],
"text": [
"rhythmic oldies"
]
}
|
56e6f3976fe0821900b8ec55
|
Adult_contemporary_music
|
A more elaborate form of urban AC is the rhythmic oldies format, which focuses primarily on "old school" R&B and soul hits from the 1960s to the 1990s, including Motown and disco hits. The format includes soul or disco artists such as ABBA, The Village People, The Jackson 5, Donna Summer, Tina Charles, Gloria Gaynor and the Bee Gees. Rhythmic oldies stations still exist today, but target African-Americans as opposed to a mass audience.
|
What is the earliest decade of music typically featured on the rhythmic oldies format?
|
{
"answer_start": [
132
],
"text": [
"1960s"
]
}
|
56e6f3976fe0821900b8ec56
|
Adult_contemporary_music
|
A more elaborate form of urban AC is the rhythmic oldies format, which focuses primarily on "old school" R&B and soul hits from the 1960s to the 1990s, including Motown and disco hits. The format includes soul or disco artists such as ABBA, The Village People, The Jackson 5, Donna Summer, Tina Charles, Gloria Gaynor and the Bee Gees. Rhythmic oldies stations still exist today, but target African-Americans as opposed to a mass audience.
|
What is the most recent decade music from which music can be heard on a rhythmic oldies station?
|
{
"answer_start": [
145
],
"text": [
"1990s"
]
}
|
56e6f3976fe0821900b8ec57
|
Adult_contemporary_music
|
A more elaborate form of urban AC is the rhythmic oldies format, which focuses primarily on "old school" R&B and soul hits from the 1960s to the 1990s, including Motown and disco hits. The format includes soul or disco artists such as ABBA, The Village People, The Jackson 5, Donna Summer, Tina Charles, Gloria Gaynor and the Bee Gees. Rhythmic oldies stations still exist today, but target African-Americans as opposed to a mass audience.
|
What is the target demographic of the rhythmic oldies format?
|
{
"answer_start": [
391
],
"text": [
"African-Americans"
]
}
|
56e6f41a6fe0821900b8ec64
|
Adult_contemporary_music
|
A format called quiet storm is often included in urban adult contemporary, and is often played during the evening, blending the urban AC and soft AC styles of music. The music that is played is strictly ballads and slow jams, mostly but not limited to Black and Latino artists. Popular artists in the quiet storm format are Teena Marie, Freddie Jackson, Johnny Gill, Lalah Hathaway, Vanessa L. Williams, Toni Braxton, and En Vogue among others.
|
What radio format consists of ballads and slow jams?
|
{
"answer_start": [
16
],
"text": [
"quiet storm"
]
}
|
56e6f41a6fe0821900b8ec65
|
Adult_contemporary_music
|
A format called quiet storm is often included in urban adult contemporary, and is often played during the evening, blending the urban AC and soft AC styles of music. The music that is played is strictly ballads and slow jams, mostly but not limited to Black and Latino artists. Popular artists in the quiet storm format are Teena Marie, Freddie Jackson, Johnny Gill, Lalah Hathaway, Vanessa L. Williams, Toni Braxton, and En Vogue among others.
|
What is the name of the radio format that is a mixture of urban and soft adult contemporary?
|
{
"answer_start": [
16
],
"text": [
"quiet storm"
]
}
|
56e6f41a6fe0821900b8ec66
|
Adult_contemporary_music
|
A format called quiet storm is often included in urban adult contemporary, and is often played during the evening, blending the urban AC and soft AC styles of music. The music that is played is strictly ballads and slow jams, mostly but not limited to Black and Latino artists. Popular artists in the quiet storm format are Teena Marie, Freddie Jackson, Johnny Gill, Lalah Hathaway, Vanessa L. Williams, Toni Braxton, and En Vogue among others.
|
At what time of day is the quiet storm format played?
|
{
"answer_start": [
102
],
"text": [
"the evening"
]
}
|
56e6f41a6fe0821900b8ec67
|
Adult_contemporary_music
|
A format called quiet storm is often included in urban adult contemporary, and is often played during the evening, blending the urban AC and soft AC styles of music. The music that is played is strictly ballads and slow jams, mostly but not limited to Black and Latino artists. Popular artists in the quiet storm format are Teena Marie, Freddie Jackson, Johnny Gill, Lalah Hathaway, Vanessa L. Williams, Toni Braxton, and En Vogue among others.
|
What is the typical ethnicity of artists played on quiet storm stations?
|
{
"answer_start": [
252
],
"text": [
"Black and Latino"
]
}
|
56e6f41a6fe0821900b8ec68
|
Adult_contemporary_music
|
A format called quiet storm is often included in urban adult contemporary, and is often played during the evening, blending the urban AC and soft AC styles of music. The music that is played is strictly ballads and slow jams, mostly but not limited to Black and Latino artists. Popular artists in the quiet storm format are Teena Marie, Freddie Jackson, Johnny Gill, Lalah Hathaway, Vanessa L. Williams, Toni Braxton, and En Vogue among others.
|
Along with Freddie Jackson, Johnny Gill, Teena Marie, Lalah Hathaway, Toni Braxton, and En Vogue, what artist is popular on quiet storm stations?
|
{
"answer_start": [
383
],
"text": [
"Vanessa L. Williams"
]
}
|
56e6f47d6fe0821900b8ec6e
|
Adult_contemporary_music
|
Anita Baker, Sade, Regina Belle, and Luther Vandross are other examples of artists who appeal to mainstream AC, urban AC and smooth jazz listeners. Some soft AC and urban AC stations like to play smooth jazz on the weekends. In recent years, the Smooth Jazz format has been renamed to Smooth AC, as an attempt to lure younger listeners.
|
Along with urban adult contemporary and smooth jazz, what station format might feature music from Sade?
|
{
"answer_start": [
97
],
"text": [
"mainstream AC"
]
}
|
56e6f47d6fe0821900b8ec6f
|
Adult_contemporary_music
|
Anita Baker, Sade, Regina Belle, and Luther Vandross are other examples of artists who appeal to mainstream AC, urban AC and smooth jazz listeners. Some soft AC and urban AC stations like to play smooth jazz on the weekends. In recent years, the Smooth Jazz format has been renamed to Smooth AC, as an attempt to lure younger listeners.
|
What other format is sometimes played on urban AC stations?
|
{
"answer_start": [
125
],
"text": [
"smooth jazz"
]
}
|
56e6f47d6fe0821900b8ec70
|
Adult_contemporary_music
|
Anita Baker, Sade, Regina Belle, and Luther Vandross are other examples of artists who appeal to mainstream AC, urban AC and smooth jazz listeners. Some soft AC and urban AC stations like to play smooth jazz on the weekends. In recent years, the Smooth Jazz format has been renamed to Smooth AC, as an attempt to lure younger listeners.
|
When might you hear smooth jazz on a soft AC station?
|
{
"answer_start": [
211
],
"text": [
"the weekends"
]
}
|
56e6f47d6fe0821900b8ec71
|
Adult_contemporary_music
|
Anita Baker, Sade, Regina Belle, and Luther Vandross are other examples of artists who appeal to mainstream AC, urban AC and smooth jazz listeners. Some soft AC and urban AC stations like to play smooth jazz on the weekends. In recent years, the Smooth Jazz format has been renamed to Smooth AC, as an attempt to lure younger listeners.
|
What is a more recent name for the smooth jazz format?
|
{
"answer_start": [
285
],
"text": [
"Smooth AC"
]
}
|
56e6f47d6fe0821900b8ec72
|
Adult_contemporary_music
|
Anita Baker, Sade, Regina Belle, and Luther Vandross are other examples of artists who appeal to mainstream AC, urban AC and smooth jazz listeners. Some soft AC and urban AC stations like to play smooth jazz on the weekends. In recent years, the Smooth Jazz format has been renamed to Smooth AC, as an attempt to lure younger listeners.
|
What was the smooth jazz format renamed?
|
{
"answer_start": [
310
],
"text": [
"to lure younger listeners"
]
}
|
56e6f4fdde9d3714000680e2
|
Adult_contemporary_music
|
Adult contemporary R&B may be played on both soft AC stations and urban AC. It is a form of neo soul R&B that places emphasis on songcraft and sophistication. As the use of drum machines, synthesizers, and sequencers dominates R&B-rooted music, adult contemporary R&B tends to take most of its cues from the more refined strains of 1970s soul, such as smooth soul, Philly soul and quiet storm. Classic songwriting touches and organic-leaning instrumentation, often featuring string arrangements and horn charts, were constants.
|
Along with soft AC, on what station format might adult contemporary R&B be featured?
|
{
"answer_start": [
66
],
"text": [
"urban AC"
]
}
|
56e6f4fdde9d3714000680e3
|
Adult_contemporary_music
|
Adult contemporary R&B may be played on both soft AC stations and urban AC. It is a form of neo soul R&B that places emphasis on songcraft and sophistication. As the use of drum machines, synthesizers, and sequencers dominates R&B-rooted music, adult contemporary R&B tends to take most of its cues from the more refined strains of 1970s soul, such as smooth soul, Philly soul and quiet storm. Classic songwriting touches and organic-leaning instrumentation, often featuring string arrangements and horn charts, were constants.
|
What features are emphasized in adult contemporary R&B music?
|
{
"answer_start": [
129
],
"text": [
"songcraft and sophistication"
]
}
|
56e6f4fdde9d3714000680e4
|
Adult_contemporary_music
|
Adult contemporary R&B may be played on both soft AC stations and urban AC. It is a form of neo soul R&B that places emphasis on songcraft and sophistication. As the use of drum machines, synthesizers, and sequencers dominates R&B-rooted music, adult contemporary R&B tends to take most of its cues from the more refined strains of 1970s soul, such as smooth soul, Philly soul and quiet storm. Classic songwriting touches and organic-leaning instrumentation, often featuring string arrangements and horn charts, were constants.
|
Along with smooth soul and quiet storm, what genre influenced adult contemporary R&B?
|
{
"answer_start": [
365
],
"text": [
"Philly soul"
]
}
|
56e6f4fdde9d3714000680e5
|
Adult_contemporary_music
|
Adult contemporary R&B may be played on both soft AC stations and urban AC. It is a form of neo soul R&B that places emphasis on songcraft and sophistication. As the use of drum machines, synthesizers, and sequencers dominates R&B-rooted music, adult contemporary R&B tends to take most of its cues from the more refined strains of 1970s soul, such as smooth soul, Philly soul and quiet storm. Classic songwriting touches and organic-leaning instrumentation, often featuring string arrangements and horn charts, were constants.
|
During what decade was smooth soul popular?
|
{
"answer_start": [
332
],
"text": [
"1970s"
]
}
|
56e6f4fdde9d3714000680e6
|
Adult_contemporary_music
|
Adult contemporary R&B may be played on both soft AC stations and urban AC. It is a form of neo soul R&B that places emphasis on songcraft and sophistication. As the use of drum machines, synthesizers, and sequencers dominates R&B-rooted music, adult contemporary R&B tends to take most of its cues from the more refined strains of 1970s soul, such as smooth soul, Philly soul and quiet storm. Classic songwriting touches and organic-leaning instrumentation, often featuring string arrangements and horn charts, were constants.
|
Along with drum machines and synthesizers, what electronic instruments are often found in modern R&B-based music?
|
{
"answer_start": [
206
],
"text": [
"sequencers"
]
}
|
56e6f651de9d3714000680f6
|
Adult_contemporary_music
|
In the 1980s, lush jazz-R&B fusion (George Benson, Patti Austin, Al Jarreau) and stylish crossover R&B (Anita Baker and Luther Vandross, New Edition and Keith Sweat) were equally successful within the mainstream. In the 1990s and early 2000s (decade), artists as sonically contrasting as R. Kelly, Leona Lewis (mainly ballads) and Jill Scott both fit the bill, provided the audience for the material was mature. By riding and contributing to nearly all of the trends, no one has exemplified the style more than Babyface, whose career thrived over 20 years as a member of the Deele (Two Occasions), a solo artist (Whip Appeal, When Can I See You), and a songwriter/producer (Toni Braxton's Breathe Again, Boyz II Men's I'll Make Love to You).
|
What genre of music did Patti Austin perform?
|
{
"answer_start": [
19
],
"text": [
"jazz-R&B fusion"
]
}
|
56e6f651de9d3714000680f7
|
Adult_contemporary_music
|
In the 1980s, lush jazz-R&B fusion (George Benson, Patti Austin, Al Jarreau) and stylish crossover R&B (Anita Baker and Luther Vandross, New Edition and Keith Sweat) were equally successful within the mainstream. In the 1990s and early 2000s (decade), artists as sonically contrasting as R. Kelly, Leona Lewis (mainly ballads) and Jill Scott both fit the bill, provided the audience for the material was mature. By riding and contributing to nearly all of the trends, no one has exemplified the style more than Babyface, whose career thrived over 20 years as a member of the Deele (Two Occasions), a solo artist (Whip Appeal, When Can I See You), and a songwriter/producer (Toni Braxton's Breathe Again, Boyz II Men's I'll Make Love to You).
|
Of what genre was the musician Keith Sweat?
|
{
"answer_start": [
89
],
"text": [
"crossover R&B"
]
}
|
56e6f651de9d3714000680f8
|
Adult_contemporary_music
|
In the 1980s, lush jazz-R&B fusion (George Benson, Patti Austin, Al Jarreau) and stylish crossover R&B (Anita Baker and Luther Vandross, New Edition and Keith Sweat) were equally successful within the mainstream. In the 1990s and early 2000s (decade), artists as sonically contrasting as R. Kelly, Leona Lewis (mainly ballads) and Jill Scott both fit the bill, provided the audience for the material was mature. By riding and contributing to nearly all of the trends, no one has exemplified the style more than Babyface, whose career thrived over 20 years as a member of the Deele (Two Occasions), a solo artist (Whip Appeal, When Can I See You), and a songwriter/producer (Toni Braxton's Breathe Again, Boyz II Men's I'll Make Love to You).
|
During what decade were musicians like Al Jarreau and Luther Vandross notably successful?
|
{
"answer_start": [
7
],
"text": [
"1980s"
]
}
|
56e6f651de9d3714000680f9
|
Adult_contemporary_music
|
In the 1980s, lush jazz-R&B fusion (George Benson, Patti Austin, Al Jarreau) and stylish crossover R&B (Anita Baker and Luther Vandross, New Edition and Keith Sweat) were equally successful within the mainstream. In the 1990s and early 2000s (decade), artists as sonically contrasting as R. Kelly, Leona Lewis (mainly ballads) and Jill Scott both fit the bill, provided the audience for the material was mature. By riding and contributing to nearly all of the trends, no one has exemplified the style more than Babyface, whose career thrived over 20 years as a member of the Deele (Two Occasions), a solo artist (Whip Appeal, When Can I See You), and a songwriter/producer (Toni Braxton's Breathe Again, Boyz II Men's I'll Make Love to You).
|
What type of songs was Leona Lewis known for?
|
{
"answer_start": [
318
],
"text": [
"ballads"
]
}
|
56e6f651de9d3714000680fa
|
Adult_contemporary_music
|
In the 1980s, lush jazz-R&B fusion (George Benson, Patti Austin, Al Jarreau) and stylish crossover R&B (Anita Baker and Luther Vandross, New Edition and Keith Sweat) were equally successful within the mainstream. In the 1990s and early 2000s (decade), artists as sonically contrasting as R. Kelly, Leona Lewis (mainly ballads) and Jill Scott both fit the bill, provided the audience for the material was mature. By riding and contributing to nearly all of the trends, no one has exemplified the style more than Babyface, whose career thrived over 20 years as a member of the Deele (Two Occasions), a solo artist (Whip Appeal, When Can I See You), and a songwriter/producer (Toni Braxton's Breathe Again, Boyz II Men's I'll Make Love to You).
|
Who wrote Boyz II Men's I'll Make Love to You?
|
{
"answer_start": [
511
],
"text": [
"Babyface"
]
}
|
56e6f6e0de9d371400068100
|
Adult_contemporary_music
|
Contemporary Christian music (CCM) has several subgenres, one being "Christian AC". Radio & Records, for instance, lists Christian AC among its format charts. There has been crossover to mainstream and hot AC formats by many of the core artists of the Christian AC genre, notably Amy Grant, Michael W. Smith, Kathy Troccoli, Steven Curtis Chapman, Plumb, and more recently, MercyMe.
|
What is CCM an acronym of?
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Contemporary Christian music"
]
}
|
56e6f6e0de9d371400068101
|
Adult_contemporary_music
|
Contemporary Christian music (CCM) has several subgenres, one being "Christian AC". Radio & Records, for instance, lists Christian AC among its format charts. There has been crossover to mainstream and hot AC formats by many of the core artists of the Christian AC genre, notably Amy Grant, Michael W. Smith, Kathy Troccoli, Steven Curtis Chapman, Plumb, and more recently, MercyMe.
|
What genre of music is performed by MercyMe?
|
{
"answer_start": [
69
],
"text": [
"Christian AC"
]
}
|
56e6f6e0de9d371400068102
|
Adult_contemporary_music
|
Contemporary Christian music (CCM) has several subgenres, one being "Christian AC". Radio & Records, for instance, lists Christian AC among its format charts. There has been crossover to mainstream and hot AC formats by many of the core artists of the Christian AC genre, notably Amy Grant, Michael W. Smith, Kathy Troccoli, Steven Curtis Chapman, Plumb, and more recently, MercyMe.
|
What publication includes Christian AC with its format charts?
|
{
"answer_start": [
84
],
"text": [
"Radio & Records"
]
}
|
56e6f6e0de9d371400068103
|
Adult_contemporary_music
|
Contemporary Christian music (CCM) has several subgenres, one being "Christian AC". Radio & Records, for instance, lists Christian AC among its format charts. There has been crossover to mainstream and hot AC formats by many of the core artists of the Christian AC genre, notably Amy Grant, Michael W. Smith, Kathy Troccoli, Steven Curtis Chapman, Plumb, and more recently, MercyMe.
|
Along with mainstream AC, what format has also featured Christian AC artists on a crossover basis?
|
{
"answer_start": [
202
],
"text": [
"hot AC"
]
}
|
56e6f78d6fe0821900b8ec78
|
Adult_contemporary_music
|
In recent years it has become common for many AC stations, particularly soft AC stations, to play primarily or exclusively Christmas music during the Christmas season in November and December. While these tend mostly to be contemporary seasonal recordings by the same few artists featured under the normal format, most stations will also air some vintage holiday tunes from older pop, MOR, and adult standards artists – such as Nat King Cole, Bing Crosby, Dean Martin, The Carpenters, Percy Faith, Johnny Mathis and Andy Williams – many of whom would never be played on these stations during the rest of the year.
|
What AC format is especially known for playing Christmas music in the Christmas season?
|
{
"answer_start": [
72
],
"text": [
"soft AC"
]
}
|
56e6f78d6fe0821900b8ec79
|
Adult_contemporary_music
|
In recent years it has become common for many AC stations, particularly soft AC stations, to play primarily or exclusively Christmas music during the Christmas season in November and December. While these tend mostly to be contemporary seasonal recordings by the same few artists featured under the normal format, most stations will also air some vintage holiday tunes from older pop, MOR, and adult standards artists – such as Nat King Cole, Bing Crosby, Dean Martin, The Carpenters, Percy Faith, Johnny Mathis and Andy Williams – many of whom would never be played on these stations during the rest of the year.
|
During what two months does the Christmas season take place?
|
{
"answer_start": [
170
],
"text": [
"November and December"
]
}
|
56e6f78d6fe0821900b8ec7a
|
Adult_contemporary_music
|
In recent years it has become common for many AC stations, particularly soft AC stations, to play primarily or exclusively Christmas music during the Christmas season in November and December. While these tend mostly to be contemporary seasonal recordings by the same few artists featured under the normal format, most stations will also air some vintage holiday tunes from older pop, MOR, and adult standards artists – such as Nat King Cole, Bing Crosby, Dean Martin, The Carpenters, Percy Faith, Johnny Mathis and Andy Williams – many of whom would never be played on these stations during the rest of the year.
|
Along with Bing Crosby, Dean Martin, Nat King Cole, The Carpenters, Percy Faith and Andy Williams, who is an artist played on AC stations around Christmastime but not otherwise?
|
{
"answer_start": [
498
],
"text": [
"Johnny Mathis"
]
}
|
56e6f84ede9d371400068108
|
Adult_contemporary_music
|
These Christmas music marathons typically start during the week before Thanksgiving Day and end after Christmas Day, or sometimes extending to New Year's Day. Afterwards, the stations usually resume their normal music fare. Several stations begin the holiday format much earlier, at the beginning of November. The roots of this tradition can be traced back to the beautiful music and easy listening stations of the 1960s and 1970s.
|
When does Christmas music on AC format stations usually begin?
|
{
"answer_start": [
55
],
"text": [
"the week before Thanksgiving Day"
]
}
|
56e6f84ede9d371400068109
|
Adult_contemporary_music
|
These Christmas music marathons typically start during the week before Thanksgiving Day and end after Christmas Day, or sometimes extending to New Year's Day. Afterwards, the stations usually resume their normal music fare. Several stations begin the holiday format much earlier, at the beginning of November. The roots of this tradition can be traced back to the beautiful music and easy listening stations of the 1960s and 1970s.
|
When is the earlier of the two times that Christmas music on adult contemporary stations typically ends?
|
{
"answer_start": [
96
],
"text": [
"after Christmas Day"
]
}
|
56e6f84ede9d37140006810a
|
Adult_contemporary_music
|
These Christmas music marathons typically start during the week before Thanksgiving Day and end after Christmas Day, or sometimes extending to New Year's Day. Afterwards, the stations usually resume their normal music fare. Several stations begin the holiday format much earlier, at the beginning of November. The roots of this tradition can be traced back to the beautiful music and easy listening stations of the 1960s and 1970s.
|
When is the later of the two times that Christmas music on adult contemporary stations usually ends?
|
{
"answer_start": [
143
],
"text": [
"New Year's Day"
]
}
|
56e6f84ede9d37140006810b
|
Adult_contemporary_music
|
These Christmas music marathons typically start during the week before Thanksgiving Day and end after Christmas Day, or sometimes extending to New Year's Day. Afterwards, the stations usually resume their normal music fare. Several stations begin the holiday format much earlier, at the beginning of November. The roots of this tradition can be traced back to the beautiful music and easy listening stations of the 1960s and 1970s.
|
When is the earliest an AC station will switch to a Christmas format?
|
{
"answer_start": [
283
],
"text": [
"the beginning of November"
]
}
|
56e6f84ede9d37140006810c
|
Adult_contemporary_music
|
These Christmas music marathons typically start during the week before Thanksgiving Day and end after Christmas Day, or sometimes extending to New Year's Day. Afterwards, the stations usually resume their normal music fare. Several stations begin the holiday format much earlier, at the beginning of November. The roots of this tradition can be traced back to the beautiful music and easy listening stations of the 1960s and 1970s.
|
What two formats pioneered the Christmas music tradition in the 1960s?
|
{
"answer_start": [
364
],
"text": [
"beautiful music and easy listening"
]
}
|
56e6fca46fe0821900b8ec7e
|
Daylight_saving_time
|
Daylight saving time (DST) or summer time is the practice of advancing clocks during summer months by one hour so that in the evening daylight is experienced an hour longer, while sacrificing normal sunrise times. Typically, regions with summer time adjust clocks forward one hour close to the start of spring and adjust them backward in the autumn to standard time.
|
What term is used interchangeably with daylight saving time?
|
{
"answer_start": [
30
],
"text": [
"summer time"
]
}
|
56e6fca46fe0821900b8ec7f
|
Daylight_saving_time
|
Daylight saving time (DST) or summer time is the practice of advancing clocks during summer months by one hour so that in the evening daylight is experienced an hour longer, while sacrificing normal sunrise times. Typically, regions with summer time adjust clocks forward one hour close to the start of spring and adjust them backward in the autumn to standard time.
|
What period of time do we set our clocks forward in DST?
|
{
"answer_start": [
102
],
"text": [
"one hour"
]
}
|
56e6fca46fe0821900b8ec80
|
Daylight_saving_time
|
Daylight saving time (DST) or summer time is the practice of advancing clocks during summer months by one hour so that in the evening daylight is experienced an hour longer, while sacrificing normal sunrise times. Typically, regions with summer time adjust clocks forward one hour close to the start of spring and adjust them backward in the autumn to standard time.
|
What do we get an extra hour of because we set the clocks forward?
|
{
"answer_start": [
134
],
"text": [
"daylight"
]
}
|
56e6fca46fe0821900b8ec81
|
Daylight_saving_time
|
Daylight saving time (DST) or summer time is the practice of advancing clocks during summer months by one hour so that in the evening daylight is experienced an hour longer, while sacrificing normal sunrise times. Typically, regions with summer time adjust clocks forward one hour close to the start of spring and adjust them backward in the autumn to standard time.
|
In what season do regions who practice DST set the clocks back one hour?
|
{
"answer_start": [
342
],
"text": [
"autumn"
]
}
|
56e6fca46fe0821900b8ec82
|
Daylight_saving_time
|
Daylight saving time (DST) or summer time is the practice of advancing clocks during summer months by one hour so that in the evening daylight is experienced an hour longer, while sacrificing normal sunrise times. Typically, regions with summer time adjust clocks forward one hour close to the start of spring and adjust them backward in the autumn to standard time.
|
By setting the clocks forward, the normal time of what daily event is disrupted?
|
{
"answer_start": [
199
],
"text": [
"sunrise"
]
}
|
56e6fd9cde9d371400068112
|
Daylight_saving_time
|
New Zealander George Hudson proposed the modern idea of daylight saving in 1895. Germany and Austria-Hungary organized the first nationwide implementation, starting on 30 April 1916. Many countries have used it at various times since then, particularly since the energy crisis of the 1970s.
|
Who first suggested daylight saving?
|
{
"answer_start": [
14
],
"text": [
"George Hudson"
]
}
|
56e6fd9cde9d371400068113
|
Daylight_saving_time
|
New Zealander George Hudson proposed the modern idea of daylight saving in 1895. Germany and Austria-Hungary organized the first nationwide implementation, starting on 30 April 1916. Many countries have used it at various times since then, particularly since the energy crisis of the 1970s.
|
From what country did George Hudson hail?
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"New Zealand"
]
}
|
56e6fd9cde9d371400068114
|
Daylight_saving_time
|
New Zealander George Hudson proposed the modern idea of daylight saving in 1895. Germany and Austria-Hungary organized the first nationwide implementation, starting on 30 April 1916. Many countries have used it at various times since then, particularly since the energy crisis of the 1970s.
|
In what year was modern daylight saving first proposed?
|
{
"answer_start": [
75
],
"text": [
"1895"
]
}
|
56e6fd9cde9d371400068115
|
Daylight_saving_time
|
New Zealander George Hudson proposed the modern idea of daylight saving in 1895. Germany and Austria-Hungary organized the first nationwide implementation, starting on 30 April 1916. Many countries have used it at various times since then, particularly since the energy crisis of the 1970s.
|
Besides Austria-Hungary, what country first put DST into effect?
|
{
"answer_start": [
81
],
"text": [
"Germany"
]
}
|
56e702456fe0821900b8ec88
|
Daylight_saving_time
|
The practice has received both advocacy and criticism. Putting clocks forward benefits retailing, sports, and other activities that exploit sunlight after working hours, but can cause problems for evening entertainment and for other activities tied to sunlight, such as farming. Although some early proponents of DST aimed to reduce evening use of incandescent lighting, which used to be a primary use of electricity, modern heating and cooling usage patterns differ greatly and research about how DST affects energy use is limited or contradictory.
|
What used to be the main draw on electricity?
|
{
"answer_start": [
348
],
"text": [
"incandescent lighting"
]
}
|
56e702456fe0821900b8ec89
|
Daylight_saving_time
|
The practice has received both advocacy and criticism. Putting clocks forward benefits retailing, sports, and other activities that exploit sunlight after working hours, but can cause problems for evening entertainment and for other activities tied to sunlight, such as farming. Although some early proponents of DST aimed to reduce evening use of incandescent lighting, which used to be a primary use of electricity, modern heating and cooling usage patterns differ greatly and research about how DST affects energy use is limited or contradictory.
|
What industry having to do with shopping benefits from DST?
|
{
"answer_start": [
87
],
"text": [
"retailing"
]
}
|
56e702456fe0821900b8ec8a
|
Daylight_saving_time
|
The practice has received both advocacy and criticism. Putting clocks forward benefits retailing, sports, and other activities that exploit sunlight after working hours, but can cause problems for evening entertainment and for other activities tied to sunlight, such as farming. Although some early proponents of DST aimed to reduce evening use of incandescent lighting, which used to be a primary use of electricity, modern heating and cooling usage patterns differ greatly and research about how DST affects energy use is limited or contradictory.
|
In addition to entertainment events that take place after working hours, what profession might suffer because of DST?
|
{
"answer_start": [
270
],
"text": [
"farming"
]
}
|
56e702456fe0821900b8ec8b
|
Daylight_saving_time
|
The practice has received both advocacy and criticism. Putting clocks forward benefits retailing, sports, and other activities that exploit sunlight after working hours, but can cause problems for evening entertainment and for other activities tied to sunlight, such as farming. Although some early proponents of DST aimed to reduce evening use of incandescent lighting, which used to be a primary use of electricity, modern heating and cooling usage patterns differ greatly and research about how DST affects energy use is limited or contradictory.
|
Research on DST is uncertain because we aren't sure how it affects the use of what?
|
{
"answer_start": [
510
],
"text": [
"energy"
]
}
|
56e708d0de9d37140006811c
|
Daylight_saving_time
|
DST clock shifts sometimes complicate timekeeping and can disrupt travel, billing, record keeping, medical devices, heavy equipment, and sleep patterns. Computer software can often adjust clocks automatically, but policy changes by various jurisdictions of the dates and timings of DST may be confusing.
|
What can be affected by DST that might disrupt plans for a vacation?
|
{
"answer_start": [
66
],
"text": [
"travel"
]
}
|
56e708d0de9d37140006811d
|
Daylight_saving_time
|
DST clock shifts sometimes complicate timekeeping and can disrupt travel, billing, record keeping, medical devices, heavy equipment, and sleep patterns. Computer software can often adjust clocks automatically, but policy changes by various jurisdictions of the dates and timings of DST may be confusing.
|
When the clock on your laptop adjusts to DST without you resetting the clock, what is controlling the change?
|
{
"answer_start": [
153
],
"text": [
"Computer software"
]
}
|
56e708d0de9d37140006811e
|
Daylight_saving_time
|
DST clock shifts sometimes complicate timekeeping and can disrupt travel, billing, record keeping, medical devices, heavy equipment, and sleep patterns. Computer software can often adjust clocks automatically, but policy changes by various jurisdictions of the dates and timings of DST may be confusing.
|
What do jurisdictions sometimes change that mixes up DST dates and times?
|
{
"answer_start": [
214
],
"text": [
"policy"
]
}
|
56e708d0de9d37140006811f
|
Daylight_saving_time
|
DST clock shifts sometimes complicate timekeeping and can disrupt travel, billing, record keeping, medical devices, heavy equipment, and sleep patterns. Computer software can often adjust clocks automatically, but policy changes by various jurisdictions of the dates and timings of DST may be confusing.
|
What important part of daily life might be disturbed because of DST changing what time you go to bed?
|
{
"answer_start": [
137
],
"text": [
"sleep patterns"
]
}
|
56e70ca06fe0821900b8ecac
|
Daylight_saving_time
|
Industrialized societies generally follow a clock-based schedule for daily activities that do not change throughout the course of the year. The time of day that individuals begin and end work or school, and the coordination of mass transit, for example, usually remain constant year-round. In contrast, an agrarian society's daily routines for work and personal conduct are more likely governed by the length of daylight hours and by solar time, which change seasonally because of the Earth's axial tilt. North and south of the tropics daylight lasts longer in summer and shorter in winter, the effect becoming greater as one moves away from the tropics.
|
What kind of societies usually follow a regular daily schedule year-round?
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Industrialized"
]
}
|
56e70ca06fe0821900b8ecad
|
Daylight_saving_time
|
Industrialized societies generally follow a clock-based schedule for daily activities that do not change throughout the course of the year. The time of day that individuals begin and end work or school, and the coordination of mass transit, for example, usually remain constant year-round. In contrast, an agrarian society's daily routines for work and personal conduct are more likely governed by the length of daylight hours and by solar time, which change seasonally because of the Earth's axial tilt. North and south of the tropics daylight lasts longer in summer and shorter in winter, the effect becoming greater as one moves away from the tropics.
|
What kind of societies rely on solar time and daylight that changes with the seasons?
|
{
"answer_start": [
306
],
"text": [
"agrarian"
]
}
|
56e70ca06fe0821900b8ecae
|
Daylight_saving_time
|
Industrialized societies generally follow a clock-based schedule for daily activities that do not change throughout the course of the year. The time of day that individuals begin and end work or school, and the coordination of mass transit, for example, usually remain constant year-round. In contrast, an agrarian society's daily routines for work and personal conduct are more likely governed by the length of daylight hours and by solar time, which change seasonally because of the Earth's axial tilt. North and south of the tropics daylight lasts longer in summer and shorter in winter, the effect becoming greater as one moves away from the tropics.
|
In what part of the world is daytime shorter in winter and longer in summer?
|
{
"answer_start": [
505
],
"text": [
"North and south of the tropics"
]
}
|
56e70ca06fe0821900b8ecb0
|
Daylight_saving_time
|
Industrialized societies generally follow a clock-based schedule for daily activities that do not change throughout the course of the year. The time of day that individuals begin and end work or school, and the coordination of mass transit, for example, usually remain constant year-round. In contrast, an agrarian society's daily routines for work and personal conduct are more likely governed by the length of daylight hours and by solar time, which change seasonally because of the Earth's axial tilt. North and south of the tropics daylight lasts longer in summer and shorter in winter, the effect becoming greater as one moves away from the tropics.
|
What is the tilt of the Earth that causes solar time to change called?
|
{
"answer_start": [
493
],
"text": [
"axial tilt"
]
}
|
56e71ec800c9c71400d76e67
|
Daylight_saving_time
|
By synchronously resetting all clocks in a region to one hour ahead of Standard Time (one hour "fast"), individuals who follow such a year-round schedule will wake an hour earlier than they would have otherwise; they will begin and complete daily work routines an hour earlier, and they will have available to them an extra hour of daylight after their workday activities. However, they will have one less hour of daylight at the start of each day, making the policy less practical during winter.
|
How much earlier do people's routines happen because of daylight savings?
|
{
"answer_start": [
53
],
"text": [
"one hour"
]
}
|
56e71ec800c9c71400d76e68
|
Daylight_saving_time
|
By synchronously resetting all clocks in a region to one hour ahead of Standard Time (one hour "fast"), individuals who follow such a year-round schedule will wake an hour earlier than they would have otherwise; they will begin and complete daily work routines an hour earlier, and they will have available to them an extra hour of daylight after their workday activities. However, they will have one less hour of daylight at the start of each day, making the policy less practical during winter.
|
In which season is the policy of setting clocks ahead least practical?
|
{
"answer_start": [
489
],
"text": [
"winter"
]
}
|
56e71ec800c9c71400d76e69
|
Daylight_saving_time
|
By synchronously resetting all clocks in a region to one hour ahead of Standard Time (one hour "fast"), individuals who follow such a year-round schedule will wake an hour earlier than they would have otherwise; they will begin and complete daily work routines an hour earlier, and they will have available to them an extra hour of daylight after their workday activities. However, they will have one less hour of daylight at the start of each day, making the policy less practical during winter.
|
Does setting the clocks ahead add an hour of daylight before or after the normal workday?
|
{
"answer_start": [
341
],
"text": [
"after"
]
}
|
56e71ec800c9c71400d76e6a
|
Daylight_saving_time
|
By synchronously resetting all clocks in a region to one hour ahead of Standard Time (one hour "fast"), individuals who follow such a year-round schedule will wake an hour earlier than they would have otherwise; they will begin and complete daily work routines an hour earlier, and they will have available to them an extra hour of daylight after their workday activities. However, they will have one less hour of daylight at the start of each day, making the policy less practical during winter.
|
What is the schedule of time called when it is not daylight savings time?
|
{
"answer_start": [
71
],
"text": [
"Standard Time"
]
}
|
56e720f137bdd419002c3d77
|
Daylight_saving_time
|
While the times of sunrise and sunset change at roughly equal rates as the seasons change, proponents of Daylight Saving Time argue that most people prefer a greater increase in daylight hours after the typical "nine-to-five" workday. Supporters have also argued that DST decreases energy consumption by reducing the need for lighting and heating, but the actual effect on overall energy use is heavily disputed.
|
What two sources of energy use do DST proponents say are reduced by the time change?
|
{
"answer_start": [
326
],
"text": [
"lighting and heating"
]
}
|
56e720f137bdd419002c3d78
|
Daylight_saving_time
|
While the times of sunrise and sunset change at roughly equal rates as the seasons change, proponents of Daylight Saving Time argue that most people prefer a greater increase in daylight hours after the typical "nine-to-five" workday. Supporters have also argued that DST decreases energy consumption by reducing the need for lighting and heating, but the actual effect on overall energy use is heavily disputed.
|
What word describes the approximate rates at which sunset and sunrise change with the seasons?
|
{
"answer_start": [
56
],
"text": [
"equal"
]
}
|
56e720f137bdd419002c3d79
|
Daylight_saving_time
|
While the times of sunrise and sunset change at roughly equal rates as the seasons change, proponents of Daylight Saving Time argue that most people prefer a greater increase in daylight hours after the typical "nine-to-five" workday. Supporters have also argued that DST decreases energy consumption by reducing the need for lighting and heating, but the actual effect on overall energy use is heavily disputed.
|
Do those who favor DST say people would rather have an extra hour of daylight before or after their usual workday?
|
{
"answer_start": [
193
],
"text": [
"after"
]
}
|
56e720f137bdd419002c3d7a
|
Daylight_saving_time
|
While the times of sunrise and sunset change at roughly equal rates as the seasons change, proponents of Daylight Saving Time argue that most people prefer a greater increase in daylight hours after the typical "nine-to-five" workday. Supporters have also argued that DST decreases energy consumption by reducing the need for lighting and heating, but the actual effect on overall energy use is heavily disputed.
|
Is it the supporters or opponents of Daylight Saving Time who say it significantly reduces energy use?
|
{
"answer_start": [
235
],
"text": [
"Supporters"
]
}
|
56e722d937bdd419002c3d8b
|
Daylight_saving_time
|
The manipulation of time at higher latitudes (for example Iceland, Nunavut or Alaska) has little impact on daily life, because the length of day and night changes more extremely throughout the seasons (in comparison to other latitudes), and thus sunrise and sunset times are significantly out of sync with standard working hours regardless of manipulations of the clock. DST is also of little use for locations near the equator, because these regions see only a small variation in daylight in the course of the year.
|
What latitudes see more extreme changes in the length of their days and nights throughout the year?
|
{
"answer_start": [
28
],
"text": [
"higher latitudes"
]
}
|
56e722d937bdd419002c3d8c
|
Daylight_saving_time
|
The manipulation of time at higher latitudes (for example Iceland, Nunavut or Alaska) has little impact on daily life, because the length of day and night changes more extremely throughout the seasons (in comparison to other latitudes), and thus sunrise and sunset times are significantly out of sync with standard working hours regardless of manipulations of the clock. DST is also of little use for locations near the equator, because these regions see only a small variation in daylight in the course of the year.
|
What region of the earth sees little change in daylight from season to season?
|
{
"answer_start": [
411
],
"text": [
"near the equator"
]
}
|
56e722d937bdd419002c3d8d
|
Daylight_saving_time
|
The manipulation of time at higher latitudes (for example Iceland, Nunavut or Alaska) has little impact on daily life, because the length of day and night changes more extremely throughout the seasons (in comparison to other latitudes), and thus sunrise and sunset times are significantly out of sync with standard working hours regardless of manipulations of the clock. DST is also of little use for locations near the equator, because these regions see only a small variation in daylight in the course of the year.
|
How much impact does the times of daylight and night have on areas like Iceland or Alaska?
|
{
"answer_start": [
90
],
"text": [
"little"
]
}
|
56e722d937bdd419002c3d8e
|
Daylight_saving_time
|
The manipulation of time at higher latitudes (for example Iceland, Nunavut or Alaska) has little impact on daily life, because the length of day and night changes more extremely throughout the seasons (in comparison to other latitudes), and thus sunrise and sunset times are significantly out of sync with standard working hours regardless of manipulations of the clock. DST is also of little use for locations near the equator, because these regions see only a small variation in daylight in the course of the year.
|
Would observing Daylight Saving Time have a small or large effect on how light it is during the workday in areas at high latitudes?
|
{
"answer_start": [
462
],
"text": [
"small"
]
}
|
56e722d937bdd419002c3d8f
|
Daylight_saving_time
|
The manipulation of time at higher latitudes (for example Iceland, Nunavut or Alaska) has little impact on daily life, because the length of day and night changes more extremely throughout the seasons (in comparison to other latitudes), and thus sunrise and sunset times are significantly out of sync with standard working hours regardless of manipulations of the clock. DST is also of little use for locations near the equator, because these regions see only a small variation in daylight in the course of the year.
|
As compared to areas with lower latitudes, what kind of change do areas with high latitudes see in the length of day through the seasons?
|
{
"answer_start": [
168
],
"text": [
"extreme"
]
}
|
56e7246337bdd419002c3d9f
|
Daylight_saving_time
|
Although they did not fix their schedules to the clock in the modern sense, ancient civilizations adjusted daily schedules to the sun more flexibly than modern DST does, often dividing daylight into twelve hours regardless of day length, so that each daylight hour was longer during summer. For example, Roman water clocks had different scales for different months of the year: at Rome's latitude the third hour from sunrise, hora tertia, started by modern standards at 09:02 solar time and lasted 44 minutes at the winter solstice, but at the summer solstice it started at 06:58 and lasted 75 minutes. After ancient times, equal-length civil hours eventually supplanted unequal, so civil time no longer varies by season. Unequal hours are still used in a few traditional settings, such as some Mount Athos monasteries and all Jewish ceremonies.
|
What kind of clocks did the Romans use?
|
{
"answer_start": [
310
],
"text": [
"water clocks"
]
}
|
56e7246337bdd419002c3da0
|
Daylight_saving_time
|
Although they did not fix their schedules to the clock in the modern sense, ancient civilizations adjusted daily schedules to the sun more flexibly than modern DST does, often dividing daylight into twelve hours regardless of day length, so that each daylight hour was longer during summer. For example, Roman water clocks had different scales for different months of the year: at Rome's latitude the third hour from sunrise, hora tertia, started by modern standards at 09:02 solar time and lasted 44 minutes at the winter solstice, but at the summer solstice it started at 06:58 and lasted 75 minutes. After ancient times, equal-length civil hours eventually supplanted unequal, so civil time no longer varies by season. Unequal hours are still used in a few traditional settings, such as some Mount Athos monasteries and all Jewish ceremonies.
|
What did the Romans call the third hour before sunrise?
|
{
"answer_start": [
426
],
"text": [
"hora tertia"
]
}
|
56e7246337bdd419002c3da2
|
Daylight_saving_time
|
Although they did not fix their schedules to the clock in the modern sense, ancient civilizations adjusted daily schedules to the sun more flexibly than modern DST does, often dividing daylight into twelve hours regardless of day length, so that each daylight hour was longer during summer. For example, Roman water clocks had different scales for different months of the year: at Rome's latitude the third hour from sunrise, hora tertia, started by modern standards at 09:02 solar time and lasted 44 minutes at the winter solstice, but at the summer solstice it started at 06:58 and lasted 75 minutes. After ancient times, equal-length civil hours eventually supplanted unequal, so civil time no longer varies by season. Unequal hours are still used in a few traditional settings, such as some Mount Athos monasteries and all Jewish ceremonies.
|
During the summer solstice, for how many minutes did hora tertia last for the Romans?
|
{
"answer_start": [
591
],
"text": [
"75"
]
}
|
56e7246337bdd419002c3da3
|
Daylight_saving_time
|
Although they did not fix their schedules to the clock in the modern sense, ancient civilizations adjusted daily schedules to the sun more flexibly than modern DST does, often dividing daylight into twelve hours regardless of day length, so that each daylight hour was longer during summer. For example, Roman water clocks had different scales for different months of the year: at Rome's latitude the third hour from sunrise, hora tertia, started by modern standards at 09:02 solar time and lasted 44 minutes at the winter solstice, but at the summer solstice it started at 06:58 and lasted 75 minutes. After ancient times, equal-length civil hours eventually supplanted unequal, so civil time no longer varies by season. Unequal hours are still used in a few traditional settings, such as some Mount Athos monasteries and all Jewish ceremonies.
|
What type of religious ceremonies are still observed according to the traditional, unequal time settings?
|
{
"answer_start": [
827
],
"text": [
"Jewish"
]
}
|
56e726f600c9c71400d76ebb
|
Daylight_saving_time
|
During his time as an American envoy to France, Benjamin Franklin, publisher of the old English proverb, "Early to bed, and early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise", anonymously published a letter suggesting that Parisians economize on candles by rising earlier to use morning sunlight. This 1784 satire proposed taxing shutters, rationing candles, and waking the public by ringing church bells and firing cannons at sunrise. Despite common misconception, Franklin did not actually propose DST; 18th-century Europe did not even keep precise schedules. However, this soon changed as rail and communication networks came to require a standardization of time unknown in Franklin's day.
|
Who first published the proverb about waking up early and going to bed early to be "healthy, wealthy, and wise"?
|
{
"answer_start": [
48
],
"text": [
"Benjamin Franklin"
]
}
|
56e726f600c9c71400d76ebc
|
Daylight_saving_time
|
During his time as an American envoy to France, Benjamin Franklin, publisher of the old English proverb, "Early to bed, and early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise", anonymously published a letter suggesting that Parisians economize on candles by rising earlier to use morning sunlight. This 1784 satire proposed taxing shutters, rationing candles, and waking the public by ringing church bells and firing cannons at sunrise. Despite common misconception, Franklin did not actually propose DST; 18th-century Europe did not even keep precise schedules. However, this soon changed as rail and communication networks came to require a standardization of time unknown in Franklin's day.
|
Which group of people did Franklin say would save candles by waking up earlier?
|
{
"answer_start": [
226
],
"text": [
"Parisians"
]
}
|
56e726f600c9c71400d76ebd
|
Daylight_saving_time
|
During his time as an American envoy to France, Benjamin Franklin, publisher of the old English proverb, "Early to bed, and early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise", anonymously published a letter suggesting that Parisians economize on candles by rising earlier to use morning sunlight. This 1784 satire proposed taxing shutters, rationing candles, and waking the public by ringing church bells and firing cannons at sunrise. Despite common misconception, Franklin did not actually propose DST; 18th-century Europe did not even keep precise schedules. However, this soon changed as rail and communication networks came to require a standardization of time unknown in Franklin's day.
|
In what year did Ben Franklin write a satire suggesting firing cannons at sunrise to wake people up?
|
{
"answer_start": [
305
],
"text": [
"1784"
]
}
|
56e726f600c9c71400d76ebe
|
Daylight_saving_time
|
During his time as an American envoy to France, Benjamin Franklin, publisher of the old English proverb, "Early to bed, and early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise", anonymously published a letter suggesting that Parisians economize on candles by rising earlier to use morning sunlight. This 1784 satire proposed taxing shutters, rationing candles, and waking the public by ringing church bells and firing cannons at sunrise. Despite common misconception, Franklin did not actually propose DST; 18th-century Europe did not even keep precise schedules. However, this soon changed as rail and communication networks came to require a standardization of time unknown in Franklin's day.
|
What kind of transportation network helped encourage keeping more exact schedules?
|
{
"answer_start": [
595
],
"text": [
"rail"
]
}
|
56e726f600c9c71400d76ebf
|
Daylight_saving_time
|
During his time as an American envoy to France, Benjamin Franklin, publisher of the old English proverb, "Early to bed, and early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise", anonymously published a letter suggesting that Parisians economize on candles by rising earlier to use morning sunlight. This 1784 satire proposed taxing shutters, rationing candles, and waking the public by ringing church bells and firing cannons at sunrise. Despite common misconception, Franklin did not actually propose DST; 18th-century Europe did not even keep precise schedules. However, this soon changed as rail and communication networks came to require a standardization of time unknown in Franklin's day.
|
In addition to cannon fire, what did Franklin suggest to act as Parisians' alarm clock?
|
{
"answer_start": [
387
],
"text": [
"ringing church bells"
]
}
|
56e7287e37bdd419002c3dd1
|
Daylight_saving_time
|
Modern DST was first proposed by the New Zealand entomologist George Hudson, whose shift-work job gave him leisure time to collect insects, and led him to value after-hours daylight. In 1895 he presented a paper to the Wellington Philosophical Society proposing a two-hour daylight-saving shift, and after considerable interest was expressed in Christchurch, he followed up in an 1898 paper. Many publications credit DST's proposal to the prominent English builder and outdoorsman William Willett, who independently conceived DST in 1905 during a pre-breakfast ride, when he observed with dismay how many Londoners slept through a large part of a summer's day. An avid golfer, he also disliked cutting short his round at dusk. His solution was to advance the clock during the summer months, a proposal he published two years later. The proposal was taken up by the Liberal Member of Parliament (MP) Robert Pearce, who introduced the first Daylight Saving Bill to the House of Commons on 12 February 1908. A select committee was set up to examine the issue, but Pearce's bill did not become law, and several other bills failed in the following years. Willett lobbied for the proposal in the UK until his death in 1915.
|
What particular kind of scientist was George Hudson?
|
{
"answer_start": [
49
],
"text": [
"entomologist"
]
}
|
56e7287e37bdd419002c3dd2
|
Daylight_saving_time
|
Modern DST was first proposed by the New Zealand entomologist George Hudson, whose shift-work job gave him leisure time to collect insects, and led him to value after-hours daylight. In 1895 he presented a paper to the Wellington Philosophical Society proposing a two-hour daylight-saving shift, and after considerable interest was expressed in Christchurch, he followed up in an 1898 paper. Many publications credit DST's proposal to the prominent English builder and outdoorsman William Willett, who independently conceived DST in 1905 during a pre-breakfast ride, when he observed with dismay how many Londoners slept through a large part of a summer's day. An avid golfer, he also disliked cutting short his round at dusk. His solution was to advance the clock during the summer months, a proposal he published two years later. The proposal was taken up by the Liberal Member of Parliament (MP) Robert Pearce, who introduced the first Daylight Saving Bill to the House of Commons on 12 February 1908. A select committee was set up to examine the issue, but Pearce's bill did not become law, and several other bills failed in the following years. Willett lobbied for the proposal in the UK until his death in 1915.
|
What did George Hudson spend time collecting when he wasn't working?
|
{
"answer_start": [
131
],
"text": [
"insects"
]
}
|
56e7287e37bdd419002c3dd3
|
Daylight_saving_time
|
Modern DST was first proposed by the New Zealand entomologist George Hudson, whose shift-work job gave him leisure time to collect insects, and led him to value after-hours daylight. In 1895 he presented a paper to the Wellington Philosophical Society proposing a two-hour daylight-saving shift, and after considerable interest was expressed in Christchurch, he followed up in an 1898 paper. Many publications credit DST's proposal to the prominent English builder and outdoorsman William Willett, who independently conceived DST in 1905 during a pre-breakfast ride, when he observed with dismay how many Londoners slept through a large part of a summer's day. An avid golfer, he also disliked cutting short his round at dusk. His solution was to advance the clock during the summer months, a proposal he published two years later. The proposal was taken up by the Liberal Member of Parliament (MP) Robert Pearce, who introduced the first Daylight Saving Bill to the House of Commons on 12 February 1908. A select committee was set up to examine the issue, but Pearce's bill did not become law, and several other bills failed in the following years. Willett lobbied for the proposal in the UK until his death in 1915.
|
What year did Hudson first present his two-hour daylight saving theory to the Wellington Philosophical Society?
|
{
"answer_start": [
186
],
"text": [
"1895"
]
}
|
56e7287e37bdd419002c3dd4
|
Daylight_saving_time
|
Modern DST was first proposed by the New Zealand entomologist George Hudson, whose shift-work job gave him leisure time to collect insects, and led him to value after-hours daylight. In 1895 he presented a paper to the Wellington Philosophical Society proposing a two-hour daylight-saving shift, and after considerable interest was expressed in Christchurch, he followed up in an 1898 paper. Many publications credit DST's proposal to the prominent English builder and outdoorsman William Willett, who independently conceived DST in 1905 during a pre-breakfast ride, when he observed with dismay how many Londoners slept through a large part of a summer's day. An avid golfer, he also disliked cutting short his round at dusk. His solution was to advance the clock during the summer months, a proposal he published two years later. The proposal was taken up by the Liberal Member of Parliament (MP) Robert Pearce, who introduced the first Daylight Saving Bill to the House of Commons on 12 February 1908. A select committee was set up to examine the issue, but Pearce's bill did not become law, and several other bills failed in the following years. Willett lobbied for the proposal in the UK until his death in 1915.
|
Some people believe it wasn't Hudson who created DST, but an Englishman by what name?
|
{
"answer_start": [
481
],
"text": [
"William Willett"
]
}
|
56e7287e37bdd419002c3dd5
|
Daylight_saving_time
|
Modern DST was first proposed by the New Zealand entomologist George Hudson, whose shift-work job gave him leisure time to collect insects, and led him to value after-hours daylight. In 1895 he presented a paper to the Wellington Philosophical Society proposing a two-hour daylight-saving shift, and after considerable interest was expressed in Christchurch, he followed up in an 1898 paper. Many publications credit DST's proposal to the prominent English builder and outdoorsman William Willett, who independently conceived DST in 1905 during a pre-breakfast ride, when he observed with dismay how many Londoners slept through a large part of a summer's day. An avid golfer, he also disliked cutting short his round at dusk. His solution was to advance the clock during the summer months, a proposal he published two years later. The proposal was taken up by the Liberal Member of Parliament (MP) Robert Pearce, who introduced the first Daylight Saving Bill to the House of Commons on 12 February 1908. A select committee was set up to examine the issue, but Pearce's bill did not become law, and several other bills failed in the following years. Willett lobbied for the proposal in the UK until his death in 1915.
|
Who was the member of Parliament who brought a bill about Daylight Saving Time to the House of Commons in 1908?
|
{
"answer_start": [
899
],
"text": [
"Robert Pearce"
]
}
|
56e7299137bdd419002c3ddb
|
Daylight_saving_time
|
Starting on 30 April 1916, Germany and its World War I ally Austria-Hungary were the first to use DST (German: Sommerzeit) as a way to conserve coal during wartime. Britain, most of its allies, and many European neutrals soon followed suit. Russia and a few other countries waited until the next year and the United States adopted it in 1918.
|
What year did Germany decide to try DST?
|
{
"answer_start": [
21
],
"text": [
"1916"
]
}
|
56e7299137bdd419002c3ddc
|
Daylight_saving_time
|
Starting on 30 April 1916, Germany and its World War I ally Austria-Hungary were the first to use DST (German: Sommerzeit) as a way to conserve coal during wartime. Britain, most of its allies, and many European neutrals soon followed suit. Russia and a few other countries waited until the next year and the United States adopted it in 1918.
|
What is the German word for Daylight Saving Time?
|
{
"answer_start": [
111
],
"text": [
"Sommerzeit"
]
}
|
56e7299137bdd419002c3ddd
|
Daylight_saving_time
|
Starting on 30 April 1916, Germany and its World War I ally Austria-Hungary were the first to use DST (German: Sommerzeit) as a way to conserve coal during wartime. Britain, most of its allies, and many European neutrals soon followed suit. Russia and a few other countries waited until the next year and the United States adopted it in 1918.
|
What natural resource were Germany and Austria-Hungary trying to conserve by using DST?
|
{
"answer_start": [
144
],
"text": [
"coal"
]
}
|
56e7299137bdd419002c3dde
|
Daylight_saving_time
|
Starting on 30 April 1916, Germany and its World War I ally Austria-Hungary were the first to use DST (German: Sommerzeit) as a way to conserve coal during wartime. Britain, most of its allies, and many European neutrals soon followed suit. Russia and a few other countries waited until the next year and the United States adopted it in 1918.
|
What year did the United States get on board with DST?
|
{
"answer_start": [
337
],
"text": [
"1918"
]
}
|
56e72ba200c9c71400d76ed9
|
Daylight_saving_time
|
Broadly speaking, Daylight Saving Time was abandoned in the years after the war (with some notable exceptions including Canada, the UK, France, and Ireland for example). However, it was brought back for periods of time in many different places during the following decades, and commonly during the Second World War. It became widely adopted, particularly in North America and Europe starting in the 1970s as a result of the 1970s energy crisis.
|
What event in the 1970s led more regions of North America to use DST?
|
{
"answer_start": [
430
],
"text": [
"energy crisis"
]
}
|
56e72ba200c9c71400d76eda
|
Daylight_saving_time
|
Broadly speaking, Daylight Saving Time was abandoned in the years after the war (with some notable exceptions including Canada, the UK, France, and Ireland for example). However, it was brought back for periods of time in many different places during the following decades, and commonly during the Second World War. It became widely adopted, particularly in North America and Europe starting in the 1970s as a result of the 1970s energy crisis.
|
What country joined Canada, the UK, and Ireland in continuing to observe Daylight Saving Time after the war?
|
{
"answer_start": [
148
],
"text": [
"Ireland"
]
}
|
56e72ba200c9c71400d76edb
|
Daylight_saving_time
|
Broadly speaking, Daylight Saving Time was abandoned in the years after the war (with some notable exceptions including Canada, the UK, France, and Ireland for example). However, it was brought back for periods of time in many different places during the following decades, and commonly during the Second World War. It became widely adopted, particularly in North America and Europe starting in the 1970s as a result of the 1970s energy crisis.
|
Daylight Saving Time was used commonly during what war?
|
{
"answer_start": [
298
],
"text": [
"Second World War"
]
}
|
56e72ba200c9c71400d76edc
|
Daylight_saving_time
|
Broadly speaking, Daylight Saving Time was abandoned in the years after the war (with some notable exceptions including Canada, the UK, France, and Ireland for example). However, it was brought back for periods of time in many different places during the following decades, and commonly during the Second World War. It became widely adopted, particularly in North America and Europe starting in the 1970s as a result of the 1970s energy crisis.
|
Along with North America, what continent was affected heavily by the 1970s energy crisis?
|
{
"answer_start": [
376
],
"text": [
"Europe"
]
}
|
56e72d4400c9c71400d76ee1
|
Daylight_saving_time
|
Since then, the world has seen many enactments, adjustments, and repeals. For specific details, an overview is available at Daylight saving time by country.
|
Has the world seen many or few changes in the observation of DST?
|
{
"answer_start": [
31
],
"text": [
"many"
]
}
|
56e72d4400c9c71400d76ee2
|
Daylight_saving_time
|
Since then, the world has seen many enactments, adjustments, and repeals. For specific details, an overview is available at Daylight saving time by country.
|
Countries might change their DST policy by enactments, adjustments, and what other type of policy changes?
|
{
"answer_start": [
65
],
"text": [
"repeals"
]
}
|
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