id
stringlengths 24
24
| title
stringclasses 442
values | context
stringlengths 151
3.71k
| question
stringlengths 12
270
| answers
dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
56e7aac737bdd419002c42f4
|
Daylight_saving_time
|
The NTFS file system used by recent versions of Windows stores the file with a UTC time stamp, but displays it corrected to local—or seasonal—time. However, the FAT filesystem commonly used on removable devices stores only the local time. Consequently, when a file is copied from the hard disk onto separate media, its time will be set to the current local time. If the time adjustment is changed, the timestamps of the original file and the copy will be different. The same effect can be observed when compressing and uncompressing files with some file archivers. It is the NTFS file that changes seen time. This effect should be kept in mind when trying to determine if a file is a duplicate of another, although there are other methods of comparing files for equality (such as using a checksum algorithm).
|
What time will a file be set to if it's copied from the hard disk onto other media?
|
{
"answer_start": [
343
],
"text": [
"current local time"
]
}
|
56e7adc800c9c71400d774cb
|
Daylight_saving_time
|
A move to "permanent daylight saving time" (staying on summer hours all year with no time shifts) is sometimes advocated, and has in fact been implemented in some jurisdictions such as Argentina, Chile, Iceland, Singapore, Uzbekistan and Belarus. Advocates cite the same advantages as normal DST without the problems associated with the twice yearly time shifts. However, many remain unconvinced of the benefits, citing the same problems and the relatively late sunrises, particularly in winter, that year-round DST entails. Russia switched to permanent DST from 2011 to 2014, but the move proved unpopular because of the late sunrises in winter, so the country switched permanently back to "standard" or "winter" time in 2014.
|
What phrase describes keeping adjusted summer hours year-round?
|
{
"answer_start": [
11
],
"text": [
"permanent daylight saving time"
]
}
|
56e7adc800c9c71400d774cc
|
Daylight_saving_time
|
A move to "permanent daylight saving time" (staying on summer hours all year with no time shifts) is sometimes advocated, and has in fact been implemented in some jurisdictions such as Argentina, Chile, Iceland, Singapore, Uzbekistan and Belarus. Advocates cite the same advantages as normal DST without the problems associated with the twice yearly time shifts. However, many remain unconvinced of the benefits, citing the same problems and the relatively late sunrises, particularly in winter, that year-round DST entails. Russia switched to permanent DST from 2011 to 2014, but the move proved unpopular because of the late sunrises in winter, so the country switched permanently back to "standard" or "winter" time in 2014.
|
Proponents of permanent DST say it has all the advantages of regular DST without the issues some people have from what bi-annual occurrences?
|
{
"answer_start": [
85
],
"text": [
"time shifts"
]
}
|
56e7adc800c9c71400d774cd
|
Daylight_saving_time
|
A move to "permanent daylight saving time" (staying on summer hours all year with no time shifts) is sometimes advocated, and has in fact been implemented in some jurisdictions such as Argentina, Chile, Iceland, Singapore, Uzbekistan and Belarus. Advocates cite the same advantages as normal DST without the problems associated with the twice yearly time shifts. However, many remain unconvinced of the benefits, citing the same problems and the relatively late sunrises, particularly in winter, that year-round DST entails. Russia switched to permanent DST from 2011 to 2014, but the move proved unpopular because of the late sunrises in winter, so the country switched permanently back to "standard" or "winter" time in 2014.
|
In year-round DST, would sunrise happen early or late compared to most places?
|
{
"answer_start": [
457
],
"text": [
"late"
]
}
|
56e7adc800c9c71400d774ce
|
Daylight_saving_time
|
A move to "permanent daylight saving time" (staying on summer hours all year with no time shifts) is sometimes advocated, and has in fact been implemented in some jurisdictions such as Argentina, Chile, Iceland, Singapore, Uzbekistan and Belarus. Advocates cite the same advantages as normal DST without the problems associated with the twice yearly time shifts. However, many remain unconvinced of the benefits, citing the same problems and the relatively late sunrises, particularly in winter, that year-round DST entails. Russia switched to permanent DST from 2011 to 2014, but the move proved unpopular because of the late sunrises in winter, so the country switched permanently back to "standard" or "winter" time in 2014.
|
During what time period did Russia use permanent DST?
|
{
"answer_start": [
563
],
"text": [
"2011 to 2014"
]
}
|
56e7adc800c9c71400d774cf
|
Daylight_saving_time
|
A move to "permanent daylight saving time" (staying on summer hours all year with no time shifts) is sometimes advocated, and has in fact been implemented in some jurisdictions such as Argentina, Chile, Iceland, Singapore, Uzbekistan and Belarus. Advocates cite the same advantages as normal DST without the problems associated with the twice yearly time shifts. However, many remain unconvinced of the benefits, citing the same problems and the relatively late sunrises, particularly in winter, that year-round DST entails. Russia switched to permanent DST from 2011 to 2014, but the move proved unpopular because of the late sunrises in winter, so the country switched permanently back to "standard" or "winter" time in 2014.
|
In what season in areas observing permanent daylight saving time will it stay dark the latest in the morning?
|
{
"answer_start": [
488
],
"text": [
"winter"
]
}
|
56e7b00300c9c71400d774e7
|
Daylight_saving_time
|
Xinjiang, China; Argentina; Chile; Iceland; Russia and other areas skew time zones westward, in effect observing DST year-round without complications from clock shifts. For example, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, is at 106°39′ W longitude, slightly west of center of the idealized Mountain Time Zone (105° W), but the time in Saskatchewan is Central Standard Time (90° W) year-round, so Saskatoon is always about 67 minutes ahead of mean solar time, thus effectively observing daylight saving time year-round. Conversely, northeast India and a few other areas skew time zones eastward, in effect observing negative DST. The United Kingdom and Ireland experimented with year-round DST from 1968 to 1971 but abandoned it because of its unpopularity, particularly in northern regions.
|
In which direction do countries like Russia and Argentina shift their time zones that could be considered all-year DST?
|
{
"answer_start": [
83
],
"text": [
"westward"
]
}
|
56e7b00300c9c71400d774e8
|
Daylight_saving_time
|
Xinjiang, China; Argentina; Chile; Iceland; Russia and other areas skew time zones westward, in effect observing DST year-round without complications from clock shifts. For example, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, is at 106°39′ W longitude, slightly west of center of the idealized Mountain Time Zone (105° W), but the time in Saskatchewan is Central Standard Time (90° W) year-round, so Saskatoon is always about 67 minutes ahead of mean solar time, thus effectively observing daylight saving time year-round. Conversely, northeast India and a few other areas skew time zones eastward, in effect observing negative DST. The United Kingdom and Ireland experimented with year-round DST from 1968 to 1971 but abandoned it because of its unpopularity, particularly in northern regions.
|
About how many minutes does Saskatoon, Saskatchewan stay ahead of mean solar time?
|
{
"answer_start": [
407
],
"text": [
"67"
]
}
|
56e7b00300c9c71400d774e9
|
Daylight_saving_time
|
Xinjiang, China; Argentina; Chile; Iceland; Russia and other areas skew time zones westward, in effect observing DST year-round without complications from clock shifts. For example, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, is at 106°39′ W longitude, slightly west of center of the idealized Mountain Time Zone (105° W), but the time in Saskatchewan is Central Standard Time (90° W) year-round, so Saskatoon is always about 67 minutes ahead of mean solar time, thus effectively observing daylight saving time year-round. Conversely, northeast India and a few other areas skew time zones eastward, in effect observing negative DST. The United Kingdom and Ireland experimented with year-round DST from 1968 to 1971 but abandoned it because of its unpopularity, particularly in northern regions.
|
What time does Saskatoon observe all year long?
|
{
"answer_start": [
336
],
"text": [
"Central Standard Time"
]
}
|
56e7b00300c9c71400d774ea
|
Daylight_saving_time
|
Xinjiang, China; Argentina; Chile; Iceland; Russia and other areas skew time zones westward, in effect observing DST year-round without complications from clock shifts. For example, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, is at 106°39′ W longitude, slightly west of center of the idealized Mountain Time Zone (105° W), but the time in Saskatchewan is Central Standard Time (90° W) year-round, so Saskatoon is always about 67 minutes ahead of mean solar time, thus effectively observing daylight saving time year-round. Conversely, northeast India and a few other areas skew time zones eastward, in effect observing negative DST. The United Kingdom and Ireland experimented with year-round DST from 1968 to 1971 but abandoned it because of its unpopularity, particularly in northern regions.
|
Places like northeast India that shift time zones to the east could be considered to be observing what kind of DST?
|
{
"answer_start": [
600
],
"text": [
"negative DST"
]
}
|
56e7b00300c9c71400d774eb
|
Daylight_saving_time
|
Xinjiang, China; Argentina; Chile; Iceland; Russia and other areas skew time zones westward, in effect observing DST year-round without complications from clock shifts. For example, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, is at 106°39′ W longitude, slightly west of center of the idealized Mountain Time Zone (105° W), but the time in Saskatchewan is Central Standard Time (90° W) year-round, so Saskatoon is always about 67 minutes ahead of mean solar time, thus effectively observing daylight saving time year-round. Conversely, northeast India and a few other areas skew time zones eastward, in effect observing negative DST. The United Kingdom and Ireland experimented with year-round DST from 1968 to 1971 but abandoned it because of its unpopularity, particularly in northern regions.
|
What year did Ireland and the UK give up on their permanent DST experiment?
|
{
"answer_start": [
691
],
"text": [
"1971"
]
}
|
56e7b1e900c9c71400d77503
|
Daylight_saving_time
|
Western France, Spain, and other areas skew time zones and shift clocks, in effect observing DST in winter with an extra hour in summer. Nome, Alaska, is at 165°24′ W longitude, which is just west of center of the idealized Samoa Time Zone (165° W), but Nome observes Alaska Time (135° W) with DST, so it is slightly more than two hours ahead of the sun in winter and three in summer. Double daylight saving time has been used on occasion; for example, it was used in some European countries during and shortly after World War II when it was referred to as "Double Summer Time". See British Double Summer Time and Central European Midsummer Time for details.
|
Places like Spain and parts of France effectively go by DST in the winter but add what in the summer?
|
{
"answer_start": [
112
],
"text": [
"an extra hour"
]
}
|
56e7b1e900c9c71400d77505
|
Daylight_saving_time
|
Western France, Spain, and other areas skew time zones and shift clocks, in effect observing DST in winter with an extra hour in summer. Nome, Alaska, is at 165°24′ W longitude, which is just west of center of the idealized Samoa Time Zone (165° W), but Nome observes Alaska Time (135° W) with DST, so it is slightly more than two hours ahead of the sun in winter and three in summer. Double daylight saving time has been used on occasion; for example, it was used in some European countries during and shortly after World War II when it was referred to as "Double Summer Time". See British Double Summer Time and Central European Midsummer Time for details.
|
During the summer in Nome, about how many hours ahead of the sun do they set their clocks?
|
{
"answer_start": [
368
],
"text": [
"three"
]
}
|
56e7b1e900c9c71400d77506
|
Daylight_saving_time
|
Western France, Spain, and other areas skew time zones and shift clocks, in effect observing DST in winter with an extra hour in summer. Nome, Alaska, is at 165°24′ W longitude, which is just west of center of the idealized Samoa Time Zone (165° W), but Nome observes Alaska Time (135° W) with DST, so it is slightly more than two hours ahead of the sun in winter and three in summer. Double daylight saving time has been used on occasion; for example, it was used in some European countries during and shortly after World War II when it was referred to as "Double Summer Time". See British Double Summer Time and Central European Midsummer Time for details.
|
What term was used in Britain for double daylight saving time?
|
{
"answer_start": [
558
],
"text": [
"Double Summer Time"
]
}
|
56e7b1e900c9c71400d77507
|
Daylight_saving_time
|
Western France, Spain, and other areas skew time zones and shift clocks, in effect observing DST in winter with an extra hour in summer. Nome, Alaska, is at 165°24′ W longitude, which is just west of center of the idealized Samoa Time Zone (165° W), but Nome observes Alaska Time (135° W) with DST, so it is slightly more than two hours ahead of the sun in winter and three in summer. Double daylight saving time has been used on occasion; for example, it was used in some European countries during and shortly after World War II when it was referred to as "Double Summer Time". See British Double Summer Time and Central European Midsummer Time for details.
|
What's a third name for double daylight saving time or Double Summer Time used in Europe?
|
{
"answer_start": [
614
],
"text": [
"Central European Midsummer Time"
]
}
|
56e70a356fe0821900b8ec90
|
Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects
|
The Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA) is a professional body for architects primarily in the United Kingdom, but also internationally, founded for the advancement of architecture under its charter granted in 1837 and Supplemental Charter granted in 1971.
|
What does RIBA stand for?
|
{
"answer_start": [
4
],
"text": [
"Royal Institute of British Architects"
]
}
|
56e70a356fe0821900b8ec91
|
Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects
|
The Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA) is a professional body for architects primarily in the United Kingdom, but also internationally, founded for the advancement of architecture under its charter granted in 1837 and Supplemental Charter granted in 1971.
|
What is the goal of RIBA?
|
{
"answer_start": [
158
],
"text": [
"the advancement of architecture"
]
}
|
56e70a356fe0821900b8ec92
|
Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects
|
The Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA) is a professional body for architects primarily in the United Kingdom, but also internationally, founded for the advancement of architecture under its charter granted in 1837 and Supplemental Charter granted in 1971.
|
When was RIBA founded?
|
{
"answer_start": [
219
],
"text": [
"1837"
]
}
|
56e70a356fe0821900b8ec93
|
Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects
|
The Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA) is a professional body for architects primarily in the United Kingdom, but also internationally, founded for the advancement of architecture under its charter granted in 1837 and Supplemental Charter granted in 1971.
|
When was RIBA's founding document expanded?
|
{
"answer_start": [
260
],
"text": [
"1971"
]
}
|
56e70a356fe0821900b8ec94
|
Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects
|
The Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA) is a professional body for architects primarily in the United Kingdom, but also internationally, founded for the advancement of architecture under its charter granted in 1837 and Supplemental Charter granted in 1971.
|
In what country does RIBA mainly operate?
|
{
"answer_start": [
104
],
"text": [
"United Kingdom"
]
}
|
5a7881bbb73996001af5a6a5
|
Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects
|
The Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA) is a professional body for architects primarily in the United Kingdom, but also internationally, founded for the advancement of architecture under its charter granted in 1837 and Supplemental Charter granted in 1971.
|
What does RIBA stand against?
|
{
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
}
|
5a7881bbb73996001af5a6a6
|
Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects
|
The Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA) is a professional body for architects primarily in the United Kingdom, but also internationally, founded for the advancement of architecture under its charter granted in 1837 and Supplemental Charter granted in 1971.
|
What is the enemy of RIBA?
|
{
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
}
|
5a7881bbb73996001af5a6a7
|
Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects
|
The Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA) is a professional body for architects primarily in the United Kingdom, but also internationally, founded for the advancement of architecture under its charter granted in 1837 and Supplemental Charter granted in 1971.
|
When was RIBA lost?
|
{
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
}
|
5a7881bbb73996001af5a6a8
|
Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects
|
The Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA) is a professional body for architects primarily in the United Kingdom, but also internationally, founded for the advancement of architecture under its charter granted in 1837 and Supplemental Charter granted in 1971.
|
When was RIBA's founding document decreased?
|
{
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
}
|
56e70aba6fe0821900b8ec9a
|
Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects
|
Originally named the Institute of British Architects in London, it was formed in 1834 by several prominent architects, including Philip Hardwick, Thomas Allom, William Donthorne, Thomas Leverton Donaldson, William Adams Nicholson, John Buonarotti Papworth, and Thomas de Grey, 2nd Earl de Grey.
|
What was Riba's first name?
|
{
"answer_start": [
21
],
"text": [
"Institute of British Architects in London"
]
}
|
56e70aba6fe0821900b8ec9b
|
Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects
|
Originally named the Institute of British Architects in London, it was formed in 1834 by several prominent architects, including Philip Hardwick, Thomas Allom, William Donthorne, Thomas Leverton Donaldson, William Adams Nicholson, John Buonarotti Papworth, and Thomas de Grey, 2nd Earl de Grey.
|
In what year was the Institute of British Architects founded?
|
{
"answer_start": [
81
],
"text": [
"1834"
]
}
|
56e70aba6fe0821900b8ec9c
|
Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects
|
Originally named the Institute of British Architects in London, it was formed in 1834 by several prominent architects, including Philip Hardwick, Thomas Allom, William Donthorne, Thomas Leverton Donaldson, William Adams Nicholson, John Buonarotti Papworth, and Thomas de Grey, 2nd Earl de Grey.
|
In what city was the Institute of British Architects located?
|
{
"answer_start": [
56
],
"text": [
"London"
]
}
|
56e70aba6fe0821900b8ec9d
|
Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects
|
Originally named the Institute of British Architects in London, it was formed in 1834 by several prominent architects, including Philip Hardwick, Thomas Allom, William Donthorne, Thomas Leverton Donaldson, William Adams Nicholson, John Buonarotti Papworth, and Thomas de Grey, 2nd Earl de Grey.
|
In terms of profession, what were people like Philip Hardwick, William Adams Nicholson and Thomas de Grey?
|
{
"answer_start": [
42
],
"text": [
"Architects"
]
}
|
5a78822bb73996001af5a6b5
|
Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects
|
Originally named the Institute of British Architects in London, it was formed in 1834 by several prominent architects, including Philip Hardwick, Thomas Allom, William Donthorne, Thomas Leverton Donaldson, William Adams Nicholson, John Buonarotti Papworth, and Thomas de Grey, 2nd Earl de Grey.
|
What was Riba's banned name?
|
{
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
}
|
5a78822bb73996001af5a6b6
|
Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects
|
Originally named the Institute of British Architects in London, it was formed in 1834 by several prominent architects, including Philip Hardwick, Thomas Allom, William Donthorne, Thomas Leverton Donaldson, William Adams Nicholson, John Buonarotti Papworth, and Thomas de Grey, 2nd Earl de Grey.
|
What city was the Institute of British Architects moved to?
|
{
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
}
|
5a78822bb73996001af5a6b7
|
Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects
|
Originally named the Institute of British Architects in London, it was formed in 1834 by several prominent architects, including Philip Hardwick, Thomas Allom, William Donthorne, Thomas Leverton Donaldson, William Adams Nicholson, John Buonarotti Papworth, and Thomas de Grey, 2nd Earl de Grey.
|
What year was the Institute of British Architects removed?
|
{
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
}
|
5a78822bb73996001af5a6b8
|
Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects
|
Originally named the Institute of British Architects in London, it was formed in 1834 by several prominent architects, including Philip Hardwick, Thomas Allom, William Donthorne, Thomas Leverton Donaldson, William Adams Nicholson, John Buonarotti Papworth, and Thomas de Grey, 2nd Earl de Grey.
|
What profession did people like Philip Hardwick, William Adams Nicholson and Thomas de Grey avoid?
|
{
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
}
|
56e70b3d6fe0821900b8eca2
|
Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects
|
After the grant of the royal charter it had become known as the Royal Institute of British Architects in London, eventually dropping the reference to London in 1892. In 1934, it moved to its current headquarters on Portland Place, with the building being opened by King George V and Queen Mary.
|
What caused the change of the Institute's name?
|
{
"answer_start": [
6
],
"text": [
"the grant of the royal charter"
]
}
|
56e70b3d6fe0821900b8eca3
|
Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects
|
After the grant of the royal charter it had become known as the Royal Institute of British Architects in London, eventually dropping the reference to London in 1892. In 1934, it moved to its current headquarters on Portland Place, with the building being opened by King George V and Queen Mary.
|
What was removed from the Royal Institute's name?
|
{
"answer_start": [
133
],
"text": [
"the reference to London"
]
}
|
56e70b3d6fe0821900b8eca4
|
Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects
|
After the grant of the royal charter it had become known as the Royal Institute of British Architects in London, eventually dropping the reference to London in 1892. In 1934, it moved to its current headquarters on Portland Place, with the building being opened by King George V and Queen Mary.
|
When was the mention of London removed from the Royal Institute's name?
|
{
"answer_start": [
160
],
"text": [
"1892"
]
}
|
56e70b3d6fe0821900b8eca5
|
Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects
|
After the grant of the royal charter it had become known as the Royal Institute of British Architects in London, eventually dropping the reference to London in 1892. In 1934, it moved to its current headquarters on Portland Place, with the building being opened by King George V and Queen Mary.
|
Where is the Royal Institute of British Architects located?
|
{
"answer_start": [
215
],
"text": [
"Portland Place"
]
}
|
56e70b3d6fe0821900b8eca6
|
Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects
|
After the grant of the royal charter it had become known as the Royal Institute of British Architects in London, eventually dropping the reference to London in 1892. In 1934, it moved to its current headquarters on Portland Place, with the building being opened by King George V and Queen Mary.
|
Who opened the structure in which the Royal Institute is currently housed?
|
{
"answer_start": [
265
],
"text": [
"King George V and Queen Mary"
]
}
|
5a788290b73996001af5a6d0
|
Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects
|
After the grant of the royal charter it had become known as the Royal Institute of British Architects in London, eventually dropping the reference to London in 1892. In 1934, it moved to its current headquarters on Portland Place, with the building being opened by King George V and Queen Mary.
|
What caused the Institute's name to not change?
|
{
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
}
|
5a788290b73996001af5a6d1
|
Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects
|
After the grant of the royal charter it had become known as the Royal Institute of British Architects in London, eventually dropping the reference to London in 1892. In 1934, it moved to its current headquarters on Portland Place, with the building being opened by King George V and Queen Mary.
|
What was added to the Royal Institute's name?
|
{
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
}
|
5a788290b73996001af5a6d2
|
Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects
|
After the grant of the royal charter it had become known as the Royal Institute of British Architects in London, eventually dropping the reference to London in 1892. In 1934, it moved to its current headquarters on Portland Place, with the building being opened by King George V and Queen Mary.
|
When was the mention of London included in the Royal Institute's name?
|
{
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
}
|
5a788290b73996001af5a6d3
|
Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects
|
After the grant of the royal charter it had become known as the Royal Institute of British Architects in London, eventually dropping the reference to London in 1892. In 1934, it moved to its current headquarters on Portland Place, with the building being opened by King George V and Queen Mary.
|
Who opened the structure in which the Royal Institute is formerly housed?
|
{
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
}
|
56e70bfcde9d371400068124
|
Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects
|
It was granted its Royal Charter in 1837 under King William IV. Supplemental Charters of 1887, 1909 and 1925 were replaced by a single Charter in 1971, and there have been minor amendments since then.
|
When did the Royal Institute receive its charter?
|
{
"answer_start": [
36
],
"text": [
"1837"
]
}
|
56e70bfcde9d371400068125
|
Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects
|
It was granted its Royal Charter in 1837 under King William IV. Supplemental Charters of 1887, 1909 and 1925 were replaced by a single Charter in 1971, and there have been minor amendments since then.
|
Who was responsible for giving the charter to the Royal Institute?
|
{
"answer_start": [
47
],
"text": [
"King William IV"
]
}
|
56e70bfcde9d371400068126
|
Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects
|
It was granted its Royal Charter in 1837 under King William IV. Supplemental Charters of 1887, 1909 and 1925 were replaced by a single Charter in 1971, and there have been minor amendments since then.
|
In what years was the Royal Institute issued supplemental charters?
|
{
"answer_start": [
89
],
"text": [
"1887, 1909 and 1925"
]
}
|
56e70bfcde9d371400068127
|
Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects
|
It was granted its Royal Charter in 1837 under King William IV. Supplemental Charters of 1887, 1909 and 1925 were replaced by a single Charter in 1971, and there have been minor amendments since then.
|
When were the various supplemental charters consolidated?
|
{
"answer_start": [
146
],
"text": [
"1971"
]
}
|
56e70bfcde9d371400068128
|
Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects
|
It was granted its Royal Charter in 1837 under King William IV. Supplemental Charters of 1887, 1909 and 1925 were replaced by a single Charter in 1971, and there have been minor amendments since then.
|
What term characterizes the nature of changes to the charter after 1971?
|
{
"answer_start": [
172
],
"text": [
"minor amendments"
]
}
|
5a7882f2b73996001af5a6e0
|
Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects
|
It was granted its Royal Charter in 1837 under King William IV. Supplemental Charters of 1887, 1909 and 1925 were replaced by a single Charter in 1971, and there have been minor amendments since then.
|
When did the Royal Institute lose its charter?
|
{
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
}
|
5a7882f2b73996001af5a6e1
|
Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects
|
It was granted its Royal Charter in 1837 under King William IV. Supplemental Charters of 1887, 1909 and 1925 were replaced by a single Charter in 1971, and there have been minor amendments since then.
|
Who was responsible for taking the charter from the Royal Institute?
|
{
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
}
|
5a7882f2b73996001af5a6e2
|
Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects
|
It was granted its Royal Charter in 1837 under King William IV. Supplemental Charters of 1887, 1909 and 1925 were replaced by a single Charter in 1971, and there have been minor amendments since then.
|
What years was the Royal Institute issued no supplemental charters?
|
{
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
}
|
5a7882f2b73996001af5a6e3
|
Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects
|
It was granted its Royal Charter in 1837 under King William IV. Supplemental Charters of 1887, 1909 and 1925 were replaced by a single Charter in 1971, and there have been minor amendments since then.
|
When were the various supplemental charters increased?
|
{
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
}
|
5a7882f2b73996001af5a6e4
|
Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects
|
It was granted its Royal Charter in 1837 under King William IV. Supplemental Charters of 1887, 1909 and 1925 were replaced by a single Charter in 1971, and there have been minor amendments since then.
|
What term characterizes the nature of changes to the charter before 1971?
|
{
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
}
|
56e70db4de9d371400068138
|
Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects
|
The original Charter of 1837 set out the purpose of the Royal Institute to be: '… the general advancement of Civil Architecture, and for promoting and facilitating the acquirement of the knowledge of the various arts and sciences connected therewith…'
|
What was the central aim of the Royal Institute?
|
{
"answer_start": [
82
],
"text": [
"the general advancement of Civil Architecture"
]
}
|
56e70db4de9d371400068139
|
Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects
|
The original Charter of 1837 set out the purpose of the Royal Institute to be: '… the general advancement of Civil Architecture, and for promoting and facilitating the acquirement of the knowledge of the various arts and sciences connected therewith…'
|
What document set forth the goals of the Royal Institute?
|
{
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"The original Charter of 1837"
]
}
|
56e70db4de9d37140006813a
|
Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects
|
The original Charter of 1837 set out the purpose of the Royal Institute to be: '… the general advancement of Civil Architecture, and for promoting and facilitating the acquirement of the knowledge of the various arts and sciences connected therewith…'
|
What was the Royal Institute responsible for doing with regards to the development of knowledge related to architecture?
|
{
"answer_start": [
137
],
"text": [
"promoting and facilitating"
]
}
|
5a788352b73996001af5a6fc
|
Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects
|
The original Charter of 1837 set out the purpose of the Royal Institute to be: '… the general advancement of Civil Architecture, and for promoting and facilitating the acquirement of the knowledge of the various arts and sciences connected therewith…'
|
What was the secondary aim of the Royal Institute?
|
{
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
}
|
5a788352b73996001af5a6fd
|
Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects
|
The original Charter of 1837 set out the purpose of the Royal Institute to be: '… the general advancement of Civil Architecture, and for promoting and facilitating the acquirement of the knowledge of the various arts and sciences connected therewith…'
|
What document set forth the restrictions of the Royal Institute?
|
{
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
}
|
5a788352b73996001af5a6fe
|
Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects
|
The original Charter of 1837 set out the purpose of the Royal Institute to be: '… the general advancement of Civil Architecture, and for promoting and facilitating the acquirement of the knowledge of the various arts and sciences connected therewith…'
|
What was the Royal Institute not responsible for doing with regards to the development of knowledge related to architecture?
|
{
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
}
|
5a788352b73996001af5a6ff
|
Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects
|
The original Charter of 1837 set out the purpose of the Royal Institute to be: '… the general advancement of Civil Architecture, and for promoting and facilitating the acquirement of the knowledge of the various arts and sciences connected therewith…'
|
Which charter was not used in 1837?
|
{
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
}
|
56e70ef5de9d37140006813e
|
Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects
|
The operational framework is provided by the Byelaws, which are more frequently updated than the Charter. Any revisions to the Charter or Byelaws require the Privy Council's approval.
|
What sets forth the standards by which the Royal Institute functions?
|
{
"answer_start": [
41
],
"text": [
"the Byelaws"
]
}
|
56e70ef5de9d37140006813f
|
Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects
|
The operational framework is provided by the Byelaws, which are more frequently updated than the Charter. Any revisions to the Charter or Byelaws require the Privy Council's approval.
|
What guidelines for the Royal Institute are updated most often?
|
{
"answer_start": [
41
],
"text": [
"the Byelaws"
]
}
|
56e70ef5de9d371400068140
|
Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects
|
The operational framework is provided by the Byelaws, which are more frequently updated than the Charter. Any revisions to the Charter or Byelaws require the Privy Council's approval.
|
What is necessary to make any changes to either document which governs the operations of the Royal Institute?
|
{
"answer_start": [
154
],
"text": [
"the Privy Council's approval"
]
}
|
5a7883bfb73996001af5a704
|
Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects
|
The operational framework is provided by the Byelaws, which are more frequently updated than the Charter. Any revisions to the Charter or Byelaws require the Privy Council's approval.
|
What removed the standards by which the Royal Institute functions?
|
{
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
}
|
5a7883bfb73996001af5a705
|
Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects
|
The operational framework is provided by the Byelaws, which are more frequently updated than the Charter. Any revisions to the Charter or Byelaws require the Privy Council's approval.
|
What guidelines for the Royal Institute are updated least often?
|
{
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
}
|
5a7883bfb73996001af5a706
|
Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects
|
The operational framework is provided by the Byelaws, which are more frequently updated than the Charter. Any revisions to the Charter or Byelaws require the Privy Council's approval.
|
What is never necessary to make any changes to either document which governs the operations of the Royal Institute?
|
{
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
}
|
5a7883bfb73996001af5a707
|
Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects
|
The operational framework is provided by the Byelaws, which are more frequently updated than the Charter. Any revisions to the Charter or Byelaws require the Privy Council's approval.
|
What is updated more than the Byelaws?
|
{
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
}
|
56e70fe037bdd419002c3d0b
|
Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects
|
The design of the Institute's Mycenean lions medal and the motto ‘Usui civium, decori urbium' has been attributed to Thomas Leverton Donaldson, who had been honorary secretary until 1839. The RIBA Guide to its Archive and History (Angela Mace,1986) records that the first official version of this badge was used as a bookplate for the Institute's library and publications from 1835 to 1891, when it was redesigned by J.H.Metcalfe. It was again redesigned in 1931 by Eric Gill and in 1960 by Joan Hassall. The description in the 1837 by-laws was: "gules, two lions rampant guardant or, supporting a column marked with lines chevron, proper, all standing on a base of the same; a garter surrounding the whole with the inscription Institute of British Architects, anno salutis MDCCCXXXIV; above a mural crown proper, and beneath the motto Usui civium decori urbium ".
|
What was the first Latin phrase used by the Royal Institute?
|
{
"answer_start": [
836
],
"text": [
"Usui civium decori urbium"
]
}
|
56e70fe037bdd419002c3d0c
|
Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects
|
The design of the Institute's Mycenean lions medal and the motto ‘Usui civium, decori urbium' has been attributed to Thomas Leverton Donaldson, who had been honorary secretary until 1839. The RIBA Guide to its Archive and History (Angela Mace,1986) records that the first official version of this badge was used as a bookplate for the Institute's library and publications from 1835 to 1891, when it was redesigned by J.H.Metcalfe. It was again redesigned in 1931 by Eric Gill and in 1960 by Joan Hassall. The description in the 1837 by-laws was: "gules, two lions rampant guardant or, supporting a column marked with lines chevron, proper, all standing on a base of the same; a garter surrounding the whole with the inscription Institute of British Architects, anno salutis MDCCCXXXIV; above a mural crown proper, and beneath the motto Usui civium decori urbium ".
|
Who is responsible for the use of 'usui civium decori urbium'?
|
{
"answer_start": [
117
],
"text": [
"Thomas Leverton Donaldson"
]
}
|
56e70fe037bdd419002c3d0d
|
Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects
|
The design of the Institute's Mycenean lions medal and the motto ‘Usui civium, decori urbium' has been attributed to Thomas Leverton Donaldson, who had been honorary secretary until 1839. The RIBA Guide to its Archive and History (Angela Mace,1986) records that the first official version of this badge was used as a bookplate for the Institute's library and publications from 1835 to 1891, when it was redesigned by J.H.Metcalfe. It was again redesigned in 1931 by Eric Gill and in 1960 by Joan Hassall. The description in the 1837 by-laws was: "gules, two lions rampant guardant or, supporting a column marked with lines chevron, proper, all standing on a base of the same; a garter surrounding the whole with the inscription Institute of British Architects, anno salutis MDCCCXXXIV; above a mural crown proper, and beneath the motto Usui civium decori urbium ".
|
What was Donaldson's role within the Royal Institute?
|
{
"answer_start": [
157
],
"text": [
"honorary secretary"
]
}
|
56e70fe037bdd419002c3d0e
|
Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects
|
The design of the Institute's Mycenean lions medal and the motto ‘Usui civium, decori urbium' has been attributed to Thomas Leverton Donaldson, who had been honorary secretary until 1839. The RIBA Guide to its Archive and History (Angela Mace,1986) records that the first official version of this badge was used as a bookplate for the Institute's library and publications from 1835 to 1891, when it was redesigned by J.H.Metcalfe. It was again redesigned in 1931 by Eric Gill and in 1960 by Joan Hassall. The description in the 1837 by-laws was: "gules, two lions rampant guardant or, supporting a column marked with lines chevron, proper, all standing on a base of the same; a garter surrounding the whole with the inscription Institute of British Architects, anno salutis MDCCCXXXIV; above a mural crown proper, and beneath the motto Usui civium decori urbium ".
|
Who reworked the Royal Institute's medal desgin in 1931?
|
{
"answer_start": [
466
],
"text": [
"Eric Gill"
]
}
|
56e70fe037bdd419002c3d0f
|
Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects
|
The design of the Institute's Mycenean lions medal and the motto ‘Usui civium, decori urbium' has been attributed to Thomas Leverton Donaldson, who had been honorary secretary until 1839. The RIBA Guide to its Archive and History (Angela Mace,1986) records that the first official version of this badge was used as a bookplate for the Institute's library and publications from 1835 to 1891, when it was redesigned by J.H.Metcalfe. It was again redesigned in 1931 by Eric Gill and in 1960 by Joan Hassall. The description in the 1837 by-laws was: "gules, two lions rampant guardant or, supporting a column marked with lines chevron, proper, all standing on a base of the same; a garter surrounding the whole with the inscription Institute of British Architects, anno salutis MDCCCXXXIV; above a mural crown proper, and beneath the motto Usui civium decori urbium ".
|
When did Joan Hassall redesign the Royal Institute's medal?
|
{
"answer_start": [
483
],
"text": [
"1960"
]
}
|
5a788435b73996001af5a720
|
Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects
|
The design of the Institute's Mycenean lions medal and the motto ‘Usui civium, decori urbium' has been attributed to Thomas Leverton Donaldson, who had been honorary secretary until 1839. The RIBA Guide to its Archive and History (Angela Mace,1986) records that the first official version of this badge was used as a bookplate for the Institute's library and publications from 1835 to 1891, when it was redesigned by J.H.Metcalfe. It was again redesigned in 1931 by Eric Gill and in 1960 by Joan Hassall. The description in the 1837 by-laws was: "gules, two lions rampant guardant or, supporting a column marked with lines chevron, proper, all standing on a base of the same; a garter surrounding the whole with the inscription Institute of British Architects, anno salutis MDCCCXXXIV; above a mural crown proper, and beneath the motto Usui civium decori urbium ".
|
What was the last Latin phrase used by the Royal Institute?
|
{
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
}
|
5a788435b73996001af5a721
|
Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects
|
The design of the Institute's Mycenean lions medal and the motto ‘Usui civium, decori urbium' has been attributed to Thomas Leverton Donaldson, who had been honorary secretary until 1839. The RIBA Guide to its Archive and History (Angela Mace,1986) records that the first official version of this badge was used as a bookplate for the Institute's library and publications from 1835 to 1891, when it was redesigned by J.H.Metcalfe. It was again redesigned in 1931 by Eric Gill and in 1960 by Joan Hassall. The description in the 1837 by-laws was: "gules, two lions rampant guardant or, supporting a column marked with lines chevron, proper, all standing on a base of the same; a garter surrounding the whole with the inscription Institute of British Architects, anno salutis MDCCCXXXIV; above a mural crown proper, and beneath the motto Usui civium decori urbium ".
|
Who is not responsible for the use of 'usui civium decori urbium'?
|
{
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
}
|
5a788435b73996001af5a722
|
Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects
|
The design of the Institute's Mycenean lions medal and the motto ‘Usui civium, decori urbium' has been attributed to Thomas Leverton Donaldson, who had been honorary secretary until 1839. The RIBA Guide to its Archive and History (Angela Mace,1986) records that the first official version of this badge was used as a bookplate for the Institute's library and publications from 1835 to 1891, when it was redesigned by J.H.Metcalfe. It was again redesigned in 1931 by Eric Gill and in 1960 by Joan Hassall. The description in the 1837 by-laws was: "gules, two lions rampant guardant or, supporting a column marked with lines chevron, proper, all standing on a base of the same; a garter surrounding the whole with the inscription Institute of British Architects, anno salutis MDCCCXXXIV; above a mural crown proper, and beneath the motto Usui civium decori urbium ".
|
What was Donaldson's role outside the Royal Institute?
|
{
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
}
|
5a788435b73996001af5a723
|
Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects
|
The design of the Institute's Mycenean lions medal and the motto ‘Usui civium, decori urbium' has been attributed to Thomas Leverton Donaldson, who had been honorary secretary until 1839. The RIBA Guide to its Archive and History (Angela Mace,1986) records that the first official version of this badge was used as a bookplate for the Institute's library and publications from 1835 to 1891, when it was redesigned by J.H.Metcalfe. It was again redesigned in 1931 by Eric Gill and in 1960 by Joan Hassall. The description in the 1837 by-laws was: "gules, two lions rampant guardant or, supporting a column marked with lines chevron, proper, all standing on a base of the same; a garter surrounding the whole with the inscription Institute of British Architects, anno salutis MDCCCXXXIV; above a mural crown proper, and beneath the motto Usui civium decori urbium ".
|
Who left the Royal Institute's medal design unchanged in 1931?
|
{
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
}
|
5a788435b73996001af5a724
|
Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects
|
The design of the Institute's Mycenean lions medal and the motto ‘Usui civium, decori urbium' has been attributed to Thomas Leverton Donaldson, who had been honorary secretary until 1839. The RIBA Guide to its Archive and History (Angela Mace,1986) records that the first official version of this badge was used as a bookplate for the Institute's library and publications from 1835 to 1891, when it was redesigned by J.H.Metcalfe. It was again redesigned in 1931 by Eric Gill and in 1960 by Joan Hassall. The description in the 1837 by-laws was: "gules, two lions rampant guardant or, supporting a column marked with lines chevron, proper, all standing on a base of the same; a garter surrounding the whole with the inscription Institute of British Architects, anno salutis MDCCCXXXIV; above a mural crown proper, and beneath the motto Usui civium decori urbium ".
|
When did Joan Hassall acquire the Royal Institute's medal?
|
{
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
}
|
56e7117637bdd419002c3d15
|
Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects
|
In the nineteenth and twentieth centuries the RIBA and its members had a leading part in the promotion of architectural education in the United Kingdom, including the establishment of the Architects' Registration Council of the United Kingdom (ARCUK) and the Board of Architectural Education under the Architects (Registration) Acts, 1931 to 1938. A member of the RIBA, Lionel Bailey Budden, then Associate Professor in the Liverpool University School of Architecture, had contributed the article on Architectural Education published in the fourteenth edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica (1929). His School, Liverpool, was one of the twenty schools named for the purpose of constituting the statutory Board of Architectural Education when the 1931 Act was passed.
|
What organization was the Royal Institute instrumental in establishing?
|
{
"answer_start": [
184
],
"text": [
"the Architects' Registration Council of the United Kingdom"
]
}
|
56e7117637bdd419002c3d16
|
Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects
|
In the nineteenth and twentieth centuries the RIBA and its members had a leading part in the promotion of architectural education in the United Kingdom, including the establishment of the Architects' Registration Council of the United Kingdom (ARCUK) and the Board of Architectural Education under the Architects (Registration) Acts, 1931 to 1938. A member of the RIBA, Lionel Bailey Budden, then Associate Professor in the Liverpool University School of Architecture, had contributed the article on Architectural Education published in the fourteenth edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica (1929). His School, Liverpool, was one of the twenty schools named for the purpose of constituting the statutory Board of Architectural Education when the 1931 Act was passed.
|
Which items of legislation did the Royal Institute play a large role in promoting?
|
{
"answer_start": [
255
],
"text": [
"the Board of Architectural Education under the Architects (Registration) Acts, 1931 to 1938"
]
}
|
56e7117637bdd419002c3d17
|
Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects
|
In the nineteenth and twentieth centuries the RIBA and its members had a leading part in the promotion of architectural education in the United Kingdom, including the establishment of the Architects' Registration Council of the United Kingdom (ARCUK) and the Board of Architectural Education under the Architects (Registration) Acts, 1931 to 1938. A member of the RIBA, Lionel Bailey Budden, then Associate Professor in the Liverpool University School of Architecture, had contributed the article on Architectural Education published in the fourteenth edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica (1929). His School, Liverpool, was one of the twenty schools named for the purpose of constituting the statutory Board of Architectural Education when the 1931 Act was passed.
|
Where did Lional Bailey Budden teach?
|
{
"answer_start": [
420
],
"text": [
"the Liverpool University School of Architecture"
]
}
|
56e7117637bdd419002c3d18
|
Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects
|
In the nineteenth and twentieth centuries the RIBA and its members had a leading part in the promotion of architectural education in the United Kingdom, including the establishment of the Architects' Registration Council of the United Kingdom (ARCUK) and the Board of Architectural Education under the Architects (Registration) Acts, 1931 to 1938. A member of the RIBA, Lionel Bailey Budden, then Associate Professor in the Liverpool University School of Architecture, had contributed the article on Architectural Education published in the fourteenth edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica (1929). His School, Liverpool, was one of the twenty schools named for the purpose of constituting the statutory Board of Architectural Education when the 1931 Act was passed.
|
What major compendium did Budden help write an article for?
|
{
"answer_start": [
567
],
"text": [
"Encyclopædia Britannica"
]
}
|
56e7117637bdd419002c3d19
|
Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects
|
In the nineteenth and twentieth centuries the RIBA and its members had a leading part in the promotion of architectural education in the United Kingdom, including the establishment of the Architects' Registration Council of the United Kingdom (ARCUK) and the Board of Architectural Education under the Architects (Registration) Acts, 1931 to 1938. A member of the RIBA, Lionel Bailey Budden, then Associate Professor in the Liverpool University School of Architecture, had contributed the article on Architectural Education published in the fourteenth edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica (1929). His School, Liverpool, was one of the twenty schools named for the purpose of constituting the statutory Board of Architectural Education when the 1931 Act was passed.
|
How many schools formed the Board of Architectural Education?
|
{
"answer_start": [
637
],
"text": [
"twenty"
]
}
|
5a788597b73996001af5a76d
|
Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects
|
In the nineteenth and twentieth centuries the RIBA and its members had a leading part in the promotion of architectural education in the United Kingdom, including the establishment of the Architects' Registration Council of the United Kingdom (ARCUK) and the Board of Architectural Education under the Architects (Registration) Acts, 1931 to 1938. A member of the RIBA, Lionel Bailey Budden, then Associate Professor in the Liverpool University School of Architecture, had contributed the article on Architectural Education published in the fourteenth edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica (1929). His School, Liverpool, was one of the twenty schools named for the purpose of constituting the statutory Board of Architectural Education when the 1931 Act was passed.
|
What organization was the Royal Institute unsuccessful in establishing?
|
{
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
}
|
5a788597b73996001af5a76e
|
Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects
|
In the nineteenth and twentieth centuries the RIBA and its members had a leading part in the promotion of architectural education in the United Kingdom, including the establishment of the Architects' Registration Council of the United Kingdom (ARCUK) and the Board of Architectural Education under the Architects (Registration) Acts, 1931 to 1938. A member of the RIBA, Lionel Bailey Budden, then Associate Professor in the Liverpool University School of Architecture, had contributed the article on Architectural Education published in the fourteenth edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica (1929). His School, Liverpool, was one of the twenty schools named for the purpose of constituting the statutory Board of Architectural Education when the 1931 Act was passed.
|
Which items of legislation did the Royal Institute play a small role in promoting?
|
{
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
}
|
5a788597b73996001af5a76f
|
Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects
|
In the nineteenth and twentieth centuries the RIBA and its members had a leading part in the promotion of architectural education in the United Kingdom, including the establishment of the Architects' Registration Council of the United Kingdom (ARCUK) and the Board of Architectural Education under the Architects (Registration) Acts, 1931 to 1938. A member of the RIBA, Lionel Bailey Budden, then Associate Professor in the Liverpool University School of Architecture, had contributed the article on Architectural Education published in the fourteenth edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica (1929). His School, Liverpool, was one of the twenty schools named for the purpose of constituting the statutory Board of Architectural Education when the 1931 Act was passed.
|
Where did Lional Bailey Budden study?
|
{
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
}
|
5a788597b73996001af5a770
|
Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects
|
In the nineteenth and twentieth centuries the RIBA and its members had a leading part in the promotion of architectural education in the United Kingdom, including the establishment of the Architects' Registration Council of the United Kingdom (ARCUK) and the Board of Architectural Education under the Architects (Registration) Acts, 1931 to 1938. A member of the RIBA, Lionel Bailey Budden, then Associate Professor in the Liverpool University School of Architecture, had contributed the article on Architectural Education published in the fourteenth edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica (1929). His School, Liverpool, was one of the twenty schools named for the purpose of constituting the statutory Board of Architectural Education when the 1931 Act was passed.
|
What minor compendium did Budden help read an article for?
|
{
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
}
|
5a788597b73996001af5a771
|
Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects
|
In the nineteenth and twentieth centuries the RIBA and its members had a leading part in the promotion of architectural education in the United Kingdom, including the establishment of the Architects' Registration Council of the United Kingdom (ARCUK) and the Board of Architectural Education under the Architects (Registration) Acts, 1931 to 1938. A member of the RIBA, Lionel Bailey Budden, then Associate Professor in the Liverpool University School of Architecture, had contributed the article on Architectural Education published in the fourteenth edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica (1929). His School, Liverpool, was one of the twenty schools named for the purpose of constituting the statutory Board of Architectural Education when the 1931 Act was passed.
|
How many schools did not form the Board of Architectural Education?
|
{
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
}
|
56e71f6a37bdd419002c3d63
|
Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects
|
Soon after the passing of the 1931 Act, in the book published on the occasion of the Institute's centenary celebration in 1934, Harry Barnes, FRIBA, Chairman of the Registration Committee, mentioned that ARCUK could not be a rival of any architectural association, least of all the RIBA, given the way ARCUK was constituted. Barnes commented that the Act's purpose was not protecting the architectural profession, and that the legitimate interests of the profession were best served by the (then) architectural associations in which some 80 per cent of those practising architecture were to be found.
|
When did the Royal Institute celebrate its 100th anniversary?
|
{
"answer_start": [
122
],
"text": [
"1934"
]
}
|
56e71f6a37bdd419002c3d64
|
Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects
|
Soon after the passing of the 1931 Act, in the book published on the occasion of the Institute's centenary celebration in 1934, Harry Barnes, FRIBA, Chairman of the Registration Committee, mentioned that ARCUK could not be a rival of any architectural association, least of all the RIBA, given the way ARCUK was constituted. Barnes commented that the Act's purpose was not protecting the architectural profession, and that the legitimate interests of the profession were best served by the (then) architectural associations in which some 80 per cent of those practising architecture were to be found.
|
Who was the head of the Registration Committee in 1934?
|
{
"answer_start": [
128
],
"text": [
"Harry Barnes"
]
}
|
56e71f6a37bdd419002c3d65
|
Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects
|
Soon after the passing of the 1931 Act, in the book published on the occasion of the Institute's centenary celebration in 1934, Harry Barnes, FRIBA, Chairman of the Registration Committee, mentioned that ARCUK could not be a rival of any architectural association, least of all the RIBA, given the way ARCUK was constituted. Barnes commented that the Act's purpose was not protecting the architectural profession, and that the legitimate interests of the profession were best served by the (then) architectural associations in which some 80 per cent of those practising architecture were to be found.
|
In 1934, what percentage of architects were members of professional organizations?
|
{
"answer_start": [
538
],
"text": [
"80 per cent"
]
}
|
56e71f6a37bdd419002c3d66
|
Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects
|
Soon after the passing of the 1931 Act, in the book published on the occasion of the Institute's centenary celebration in 1934, Harry Barnes, FRIBA, Chairman of the Registration Committee, mentioned that ARCUK could not be a rival of any architectural association, least of all the RIBA, given the way ARCUK was constituted. Barnes commented that the Act's purpose was not protecting the architectural profession, and that the legitimate interests of the profession were best served by the (then) architectural associations in which some 80 per cent of those practising architecture were to be found.
|
Who did Barnes believe was best able to advance the interests of architects?
|
{
"answer_start": [
497
],
"text": [
"architectural associations"
]
}
|
56e71f6a37bdd419002c3d67
|
Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects
|
Soon after the passing of the 1931 Act, in the book published on the occasion of the Institute's centenary celebration in 1934, Harry Barnes, FRIBA, Chairman of the Registration Committee, mentioned that ARCUK could not be a rival of any architectural association, least of all the RIBA, given the way ARCUK was constituted. Barnes commented that the Act's purpose was not protecting the architectural profession, and that the legitimate interests of the profession were best served by the (then) architectural associations in which some 80 per cent of those practising architecture were to be found.
|
What specific institution did Barnes indicate could not be a rival of the Royal Institute?
|
{
"answer_start": [
204
],
"text": [
"ARCUK"
]
}
|
5a78869bb73996001af5a7a7
|
Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects
|
Soon after the passing of the 1931 Act, in the book published on the occasion of the Institute's centenary celebration in 1934, Harry Barnes, FRIBA, Chairman of the Registration Committee, mentioned that ARCUK could not be a rival of any architectural association, least of all the RIBA, given the way ARCUK was constituted. Barnes commented that the Act's purpose was not protecting the architectural profession, and that the legitimate interests of the profession were best served by the (then) architectural associations in which some 80 per cent of those practising architecture were to be found.
|
When did the Royal Institute celebrate its 200th anniversary?
|
{
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
}
|
5a78869bb73996001af5a7a8
|
Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects
|
Soon after the passing of the 1931 Act, in the book published on the occasion of the Institute's centenary celebration in 1934, Harry Barnes, FRIBA, Chairman of the Registration Committee, mentioned that ARCUK could not be a rival of any architectural association, least of all the RIBA, given the way ARCUK was constituted. Barnes commented that the Act's purpose was not protecting the architectural profession, and that the legitimate interests of the profession were best served by the (then) architectural associations in which some 80 per cent of those practising architecture were to be found.
|
Who was the head of the Registration Committee after 1934?
|
{
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
}
|
5a78869bb73996001af5a7a9
|
Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects
|
Soon after the passing of the 1931 Act, in the book published on the occasion of the Institute's centenary celebration in 1934, Harry Barnes, FRIBA, Chairman of the Registration Committee, mentioned that ARCUK could not be a rival of any architectural association, least of all the RIBA, given the way ARCUK was constituted. Barnes commented that the Act's purpose was not protecting the architectural profession, and that the legitimate interests of the profession were best served by the (then) architectural associations in which some 80 per cent of those practising architecture were to be found.
|
What did Barnes believe was least able to advance the interests of architects?
|
{
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
}
|
5a78869bb73996001af5a7aa
|
Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects
|
Soon after the passing of the 1931 Act, in the book published on the occasion of the Institute's centenary celebration in 1934, Harry Barnes, FRIBA, Chairman of the Registration Committee, mentioned that ARCUK could not be a rival of any architectural association, least of all the RIBA, given the way ARCUK was constituted. Barnes commented that the Act's purpose was not protecting the architectural profession, and that the legitimate interests of the profession were best served by the (then) architectural associations in which some 80 per cent of those practising architecture were to be found.
|
What specific institution did Barnes indicate could become a rival of the Royal Institute?
|
{
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
}
|
5a78869bb73996001af5a7ab
|
Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects
|
Soon after the passing of the 1931 Act, in the book published on the occasion of the Institute's centenary celebration in 1934, Harry Barnes, FRIBA, Chairman of the Registration Committee, mentioned that ARCUK could not be a rival of any architectural association, least of all the RIBA, given the way ARCUK was constituted. Barnes commented that the Act's purpose was not protecting the architectural profession, and that the legitimate interests of the profession were best served by the (then) architectural associations in which some 80 per cent of those practising architecture were to be found.
|
What year did the Institute celebrate the third centenary celebration?
|
{
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
}
|
56e721ae37bdd419002c3d81
|
Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects
|
The RIBA Guide to its Archive and History (1986) has a section on the "Statutory registration of architects" with a bibliography extending from a draft bill of 1887 to one of 1969. The Guide's section on "Education" records the setting up in 1904 of the RIBA Board of Architectural Education, and the system by which any school which applied for recognition, whose syllabus was approved by the Board and whose examinations were conducted by an approved external examiner, and whose standard of attainment was guaranteed by periodical inspections by a "Visiting Board" from the BAE, could be placed on the list of "recognized schools" and its successful students could qualify for exemption from RIBA examinations.
|
When does the Royal Institute's Guide indicate the first RIBA Board was established?
|
{
"answer_start": [
242
],
"text": [
"1904"
]
}
|
56e721ae37bdd419002c3d82
|
Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects
|
The RIBA Guide to its Archive and History (1986) has a section on the "Statutory registration of architects" with a bibliography extending from a draft bill of 1887 to one of 1969. The Guide's section on "Education" records the setting up in 1904 of the RIBA Board of Architectural Education, and the system by which any school which applied for recognition, whose syllabus was approved by the Board and whose examinations were conducted by an approved external examiner, and whose standard of attainment was guaranteed by periodical inspections by a "Visiting Board" from the BAE, could be placed on the list of "recognized schools" and its successful students could qualify for exemption from RIBA examinations.
|
What school document had to meet the standards of the Board for admittance?
|
{
"answer_start": [
365
],
"text": [
"syllabus"
]
}
|
56e721ae37bdd419002c3d83
|
Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects
|
The RIBA Guide to its Archive and History (1986) has a section on the "Statutory registration of architects" with a bibliography extending from a draft bill of 1887 to one of 1969. The Guide's section on "Education" records the setting up in 1904 of the RIBA Board of Architectural Education, and the system by which any school which applied for recognition, whose syllabus was approved by the Board and whose examinations were conducted by an approved external examiner, and whose standard of attainment was guaranteed by periodical inspections by a "Visiting Board" from the BAE, could be placed on the list of "recognized schools" and its successful students could qualify for exemption from RIBA examinations.
|
What was necessary for testing in schools applying to the RIBA Board?
|
{
"answer_start": [
441
],
"text": [
"an approved external examiner"
]
}
|
56e721ae37bdd419002c3d84
|
Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects
|
The RIBA Guide to its Archive and History (1986) has a section on the "Statutory registration of architects" with a bibliography extending from a draft bill of 1887 to one of 1969. The Guide's section on "Education" records the setting up in 1904 of the RIBA Board of Architectural Education, and the system by which any school which applied for recognition, whose syllabus was approved by the Board and whose examinations were conducted by an approved external examiner, and whose standard of attainment was guaranteed by periodical inspections by a "Visiting Board" from the BAE, could be placed on the list of "recognized schools" and its successful students could qualify for exemption from RIBA examinations.
|
What body carried out on-site inspection of member schools of the RIBA Board?
|
{
"answer_start": [
552
],
"text": [
"Visiting Board"
]
}
|
5a78872bb73996001af5a7c8
|
Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects
|
The RIBA Guide to its Archive and History (1986) has a section on the "Statutory registration of architects" with a bibliography extending from a draft bill of 1887 to one of 1969. The Guide's section on "Education" records the setting up in 1904 of the RIBA Board of Architectural Education, and the system by which any school which applied for recognition, whose syllabus was approved by the Board and whose examinations were conducted by an approved external examiner, and whose standard of attainment was guaranteed by periodical inspections by a "Visiting Board" from the BAE, could be placed on the list of "recognized schools" and its successful students could qualify for exemption from RIBA examinations.
|
When does the Royal Institute's Guide indicate the last RIBA Board was established?
|
{
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
}
|
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