id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringclasses 442
values | context stringlengths 151 3.71k | question stringlengths 12 270 | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
56f990bd9b226e1400dd15a3 | Ministry_of_Defence_(United_Kingdom) | In October 2009, the MoD was heavily criticized for withdrawing the bi-annual non-operational training £20m budget for the volunteer Territorial Army (TA), ending all non-operational training for 6 months until April 2010. The government eventually backed down and restored the funding. The TA provides a small percentag... | How much money was allocated to the volunteer Territorial Army? | {
"answer_start": [
103
],
"text": [
"£20m"
]
} |
56f990bd9b226e1400dd15a4 | Ministry_of_Defence_(United_Kingdom) | In October 2009, the MoD was heavily criticized for withdrawing the bi-annual non-operational training £20m budget for the volunteer Territorial Army (TA), ending all non-operational training for 6 months until April 2010. The government eventually backed down and restored the funding. The TA provides a small percentag... | When was the training for the TA supposed to resume? | {
"answer_start": [
211
],
"text": [
"April 2010"
]
} |
56f990bd9b226e1400dd15a5 | Ministry_of_Defence_(United_Kingdom) | In October 2009, the MoD was heavily criticized for withdrawing the bi-annual non-operational training £20m budget for the volunteer Territorial Army (TA), ending all non-operational training for 6 months until April 2010. The government eventually backed down and restored the funding. The TA provides a small percentag... | How much of the UK's troops are provided by the TA? | {
"answer_start": [
303
],
"text": [
"a small percentage"
]
} |
56f990bd9b226e1400dd15a6 | Ministry_of_Defence_(United_Kingdom) | In October 2009, the MoD was heavily criticized for withdrawing the bi-annual non-operational training £20m budget for the volunteer Territorial Army (TA), ending all non-operational training for 6 months until April 2010. The government eventually backed down and restored the funding. The TA provides a small percentag... | How often do the TA troops regularly train? | {
"answer_start": [
375
],
"text": [
"weekly evenings and monthly weekends"
]
} |
56f991b19b226e1400dd15b6 | Ministry_of_Defence_(United_Kingdom) | In 2013 it was found that the Ministry of Defence had overspent on its equipment budget by £6.5bn on orders that could take up to 39 years to fulfil. The Ministry of Defence has been criticised in the past for poor management and financial control, investing in projects that have taken up to 10 and even as much as 15 y... | By how much did the MoD go over its equipment budget? | {
"answer_start": [
91
],
"text": [
"£6.5bn"
]
} |
56f991b19b226e1400dd15b7 | Ministry_of_Defence_(United_Kingdom) | In 2013 it was found that the Ministry of Defence had overspent on its equipment budget by £6.5bn on orders that could take up to 39 years to fulfil. The Ministry of Defence has been criticised in the past for poor management and financial control, investing in projects that have taken up to 10 and even as much as 15 y... | When was the overbudget amount discovered? | {
"answer_start": [
3
],
"text": [
"2013"
]
} |
56f991b19b226e1400dd15b8 | Ministry_of_Defence_(United_Kingdom) | In 2013 it was found that the Ministry of Defence had overspent on its equipment budget by £6.5bn on orders that could take up to 39 years to fulfil. The Ministry of Defence has been criticised in the past for poor management and financial control, investing in projects that have taken up to 10 and even as much as 15 y... | What are some of the criticisms that have been directed at the MoD? | {
"answer_start": [
210
],
"text": [
"poor management and financial control"
]
} |
56f991b19b226e1400dd15b9 | Ministry_of_Defence_(United_Kingdom) | In 2013 it was found that the Ministry of Defence had overspent on its equipment budget by £6.5bn on orders that could take up to 39 years to fulfil. The Ministry of Defence has been criticised in the past for poor management and financial control, investing in projects that have taken up to 10 and even as much as 15 y... | What is a long-range estimate on fulfillment of some of the equipment orders made by the MoD? | {
"answer_start": [
124
],
"text": [
"up to 39 years"
]
} |
56f991b19b226e1400dd15ba | Ministry_of_Defence_(United_Kingdom) | In 2013 it was found that the Ministry of Defence had overspent on its equipment budget by £6.5bn on orders that could take up to 39 years to fulfil. The Ministry of Defence has been criticised in the past for poor management and financial control, investing in projects that have taken up to 10 and even as much as 15 y... | Past projects ordered by the MoD have taken what type of time frame to fulfill? | {
"answer_start": [
287
],
"text": [
"up to 10 and even as much as 15 years"
]
} |
56f9d73f9e9bad19000a0b05 | High-definition_television | The term high definition once described a series of television systems originating from August 1936; however, these systems were only high definition when compared to earlier systems that were based on mechanical systems with as few as 30 lines of resolution. The ongoing competition between companies and nations to cre... | The term "high definition" originally described televisions systems from what year? | {
"answer_start": [
95
],
"text": [
"1936"
]
} |
56f9d73f9e9bad19000a0b06 | High-definition_television | The term high definition once described a series of television systems originating from August 1936; however, these systems were only high definition when compared to earlier systems that were based on mechanical systems with as few as 30 lines of resolution. The ongoing competition between companies and nations to cre... | Earlier television systems were based on what? | {
"answer_start": [
202
],
"text": [
"mechanical systems with as few as 30 lines of resolution"
]
} |
56f9d73f9e9bad19000a0b07 | High-definition_television | The term high definition once described a series of television systems originating from August 1936; however, these systems were only high definition when compared to earlier systems that were based on mechanical systems with as few as 30 lines of resolution. The ongoing competition between companies and nations to cre... | During which entire century were companies and nations trying to achieve true HDTV? | {
"answer_start": [
355
],
"text": [
"20th"
]
} |
56f9d73f9e9bad19000a0b08 | High-definition_television | The term high definition once described a series of television systems originating from August 1936; however, these systems were only high definition when compared to earlier systems that were based on mechanical systems with as few as 30 lines of resolution. The ongoing competition between companies and nations to cre... | In what century were 4k, 5k, and 8k systems introduced? | {
"answer_start": [
441
],
"text": [
"21st"
]
} |
56f9d73f9e9bad19000a0b09 | High-definition_television | The term high definition once described a series of television systems originating from August 1936; however, these systems were only high definition when compared to earlier systems that were based on mechanical systems with as few as 30 lines of resolution. The ongoing competition between companies and nations to cre... | What is the most current HDTV system development? | {
"answer_start": [
503
],
"text": [
"8K"
]
} |
56f9d96b9e9bad19000a0b0f | High-definition_television | The British high-definition TV service started trials in August 1936 and a regular service on 2 November 1936 using both the (mechanical) Baird 240 line sequential scan (later to be inaccurately rechristened 'progressive') and the (electronic) Marconi-EMI 405 line interlaced systems. The Baird system was discontinued i... | Who started trials in August 1936? | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"The British high-definition TV service"
]
} |
56f9d96b9e9bad19000a0b10 | High-definition_television | The British high-definition TV service started trials in August 1936 and a regular service on 2 November 1936 using both the (mechanical) Baird 240 line sequential scan (later to be inaccurately rechristened 'progressive') and the (electronic) Marconi-EMI 405 line interlaced systems. The Baird system was discontinued i... | When was the Baird system discontinued? | {
"answer_start": [
322
],
"text": [
"February 1937"
]
} |
56f9d96b9e9bad19000a0b11 | High-definition_television | The British high-definition TV service started trials in August 1936 and a regular service on 2 November 1936 using both the (mechanical) Baird 240 line sequential scan (later to be inaccurately rechristened 'progressive') and the (electronic) Marconi-EMI 405 line interlaced systems. The Baird system was discontinued i... | Which country developed the 441-line system? | {
"answer_start": [
345
],
"text": [
"France"
]
} |
56f9d96b9e9bad19000a0b12 | High-definition_television | The British high-definition TV service started trials in August 1936 and a regular service on 2 November 1936 using both the (mechanical) Baird 240 line sequential scan (later to be inaccurately rechristened 'progressive') and the (electronic) Marconi-EMI 405 line interlaced systems. The Baird system was discontinued i... | What prevented France's 819-line system from achieving the definition it was capable of? | {
"answer_start": [
679
],
"text": [
"the technical limitations of the time"
]
} |
56f9d96b9e9bad19000a0b13 | High-definition_television | The British high-definition TV service started trials in August 1936 and a regular service on 2 November 1936 using both the (mechanical) Baird 240 line sequential scan (later to be inaccurately rechristened 'progressive') and the (electronic) Marconi-EMI 405 line interlaced systems. The Baird system was discontinued i... | Which system used interlaced scanning to correct the flicker problem of the 240-line? | {
"answer_start": [
1061
],
"text": [
"405-line system"
]
} |
56f9dacd9e9bad19000a0b19 | High-definition_television | Colour broadcasts started at similarly higher resolutions, first with the US NTSC color system in 1953, which was compatible with the earlier monochrome systems and therefore had the same 525 lines of resolution. European standards did not follow until the 1960s, when the PAL and SECAM color systems were added to the m... | What year did color broadcasts start in the US? | {
"answer_start": [
98
],
"text": [
"1953,"
]
} |
56f9dacd9e9bad19000a0b1a | High-definition_television | Colour broadcasts started at similarly higher resolutions, first with the US NTSC color system in 1953, which was compatible with the earlier monochrome systems and therefore had the same 525 lines of resolution. European standards did not follow until the 1960s, when the PAL and SECAM color systems were added to the m... | How many lines of resolution did the US NTSC color system have in 1953? | {
"answer_start": [
188
],
"text": [
"525"
]
} |
56f9dacd9e9bad19000a0b1b | High-definition_television | Colour broadcasts started at similarly higher resolutions, first with the US NTSC color system in 1953, which was compatible with the earlier monochrome systems and therefore had the same 525 lines of resolution. European standards did not follow until the 1960s, when the PAL and SECAM color systems were added to the m... | When did Europe begin color broadcasts? | {
"answer_start": [
257
],
"text": [
"1960s"
]
} |
56f9dacd9e9bad19000a0b1c | High-definition_television | Colour broadcasts started at similarly higher resolutions, first with the US NTSC color system in 1953, which was compatible with the earlier monochrome systems and therefore had the same 525 lines of resolution. European standards did not follow until the 1960s, when the PAL and SECAM color systems were added to the m... | The PAL and SECAM were color systems where? | {
"answer_start": [
213
],
"text": [
"Europe"
]
} |
56f9dacd9e9bad19000a0b1d | High-definition_television | Colour broadcasts started at similarly higher resolutions, first with the US NTSC color system in 1953, which was compatible with the earlier monochrome systems and therefore had the same 525 lines of resolution. European standards did not follow until the 1960s, when the PAL and SECAM color systems were added to the m... | How many lines of resolution were the European monochrome broadcasts? | {
"answer_start": [
330
],
"text": [
"625"
]
} |
56f9dbea9b226e1400dd15ca | High-definition_television | The Nippon Hōsō Kyōkai (NHK, the Japan Broadcasting Corporation) began conducting research to "unlock the fundamental mechanism of video and sound interactions with the five human senses" in 1964, after the Tokyo Olympics. NHK set out to create an HDTV system that ended up scoring much higher in subjective tests than N... | What is the Japan Broadcasting Corporation called? | {
"answer_start": [
4
],
"text": [
"Nippon Hōsō Kyōkai"
]
} |
56f9dbea9b226e1400dd15cb | High-definition_television | The Nippon Hōsō Kyōkai (NHK, the Japan Broadcasting Corporation) began conducting research to "unlock the fundamental mechanism of video and sound interactions with the five human senses" in 1964, after the Tokyo Olympics. NHK set out to create an HDTV system that ended up scoring much higher in subjective tests than N... | What does NHK stand for in Japan? | {
"answer_start": [
4
],
"text": [
"Nippon Hōsō Kyōkai"
]
} |
56f9dbea9b226e1400dd15cc | High-definition_television | The Nippon Hōsō Kyōkai (NHK, the Japan Broadcasting Corporation) began conducting research to "unlock the fundamental mechanism of video and sound interactions with the five human senses" in 1964, after the Tokyo Olympics. NHK set out to create an HDTV system that ended up scoring much higher in subjective tests than N... | What year was NHK Color created? | {
"answer_start": [
391
],
"text": [
"1972"
]
} |
56f9dbea9b226e1400dd15cd | High-definition_television | The Nippon Hōsō Kyōkai (NHK, the Japan Broadcasting Corporation) began conducting research to "unlock the fundamental mechanism of video and sound interactions with the five human senses" in 1964, after the Tokyo Olympics. NHK set out to create an HDTV system that ended up scoring much higher in subjective tests than N... | What was the aspect ratio of the NHK Color? | {
"answer_start": [
420
],
"text": [
"5:3"
]
} |
56f9dbea9b226e1400dd15ce | High-definition_television | The Nippon Hōsō Kyōkai (NHK, the Japan Broadcasting Corporation) began conducting research to "unlock the fundamental mechanism of video and sound interactions with the five human senses" in 1964, after the Tokyo Olympics. NHK set out to create an HDTV system that ended up scoring much higher in subjective tests than N... | What organization became the authority on testing and studying international HDTV technology? | {
"answer_start": [
461
],
"text": [
"The Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers (SMPTE)"
]
} |
56f9dccf9e9bad19000a0b23 | High-definition_television | There were four major HDTV systems tested by SMPTE in the late 1970s, and in 1979 an SMPTE study group released A Study of High Definition Television Systems: | How many major HDTV systems were tested by SMPTE in the late 70's? | {
"answer_start": [
11
],
"text": [
"four"
]
} |
56f9dccf9e9bad19000a0b24 | High-definition_television | There were four major HDTV systems tested by SMPTE in the late 1970s, and in 1979 an SMPTE study group released A Study of High Definition Television Systems: | Who tested the four major HDTV systems in the late 1970's? | {
"answer_start": [
45
],
"text": [
"SMPTE"
]
} |
56f9dccf9e9bad19000a0b25 | High-definition_television | There were four major HDTV systems tested by SMPTE in the late 1970s, and in 1979 an SMPTE study group released A Study of High Definition Television Systems: | Who released A Study of High Definition Television Systems? | {
"answer_start": [
82
],
"text": [
"an SMPTE study group"
]
} |
56f9dccf9e9bad19000a0b26 | High-definition_television | There were four major HDTV systems tested by SMPTE in the late 1970s, and in 1979 an SMPTE study group released A Study of High Definition Television Systems: | In what year was A Study of High Definition Television Systems released? | {
"answer_start": [
77
],
"text": [
"1979"
]
} |
56f9dccf9e9bad19000a0b27 | High-definition_television | There were four major HDTV systems tested by SMPTE in the late 1970s, and in 1979 an SMPTE study group released A Study of High Definition Television Systems: | What was released by an SMPTE study group in 1979? | {
"answer_start": [
112
],
"text": [
"A Study of High Definition Television Systems"
]
} |
56f9de7f9e9bad19000a0b2d | High-definition_television | Since the formal adoption of digital video broadcasting's (DVB) widescreen HDTV transmission modes in the early 2000s; the 525-line NTSC (and PAL-M) systems, as well as the European 625-line PAL and SECAM systems, are now regarded as standard definition television systems. | What does DVB stand for? | {
"answer_start": [
29
],
"text": [
"digital video broadcasting"
]
} |
56f9de7f9e9bad19000a0b2e | High-definition_television | Since the formal adoption of digital video broadcasting's (DVB) widescreen HDTV transmission modes in the early 2000s; the 525-line NTSC (and PAL-M) systems, as well as the European 625-line PAL and SECAM systems, are now regarded as standard definition television systems. | When was widescreen HDTV transmission modes formally adopted? | {
"answer_start": [
106
],
"text": [
"early 2000s"
]
} |
56f9de7f9e9bad19000a0b2f | High-definition_television | Since the formal adoption of digital video broadcasting's (DVB) widescreen HDTV transmission modes in the early 2000s; the 525-line NTSC (and PAL-M) systems, as well as the European 625-line PAL and SECAM systems, are now regarded as standard definition television systems. | In addition to the 625-line PAL system, what European system is considered a standard definition television system? | {
"answer_start": [
199
],
"text": [
"SECAM systems"
]
} |
56f9de7f9e9bad19000a0b30 | High-definition_television | Since the formal adoption of digital video broadcasting's (DVB) widescreen HDTV transmission modes in the early 2000s; the 525-line NTSC (and PAL-M) systems, as well as the European 625-line PAL and SECAM systems, are now regarded as standard definition television systems. | In addition to the NTSC system, what 525-line system is considered a standard definition television system? | {
"answer_start": [
142
],
"text": [
"PAL-M"
]
} |
56f9de7f9e9bad19000a0b31 | High-definition_television | Since the formal adoption of digital video broadcasting's (DVB) widescreen HDTV transmission modes in the early 2000s; the 525-line NTSC (and PAL-M) systems, as well as the European 625-line PAL and SECAM systems, are now regarded as standard definition television systems. | 525 and 625-line systems are now considered what? | {
"answer_start": [
234
],
"text": [
"standard definition television systems"
]
} |
56f9df829b226e1400dd15d4 | High-definition_television | In 1949, France started its transmissions with an 819 lines system (with 737 active lines). The system was monochrome only, and was used only on VHF for the first French TV channel. It was discontinued in 1983. | In what year did France start transmissions using and 819 line system? | {
"answer_start": [
3
],
"text": [
"1949"
]
} |
56f9df829b226e1400dd15d5 | High-definition_television | In 1949, France started its transmissions with an 819 lines system (with 737 active lines). The system was monochrome only, and was used only on VHF for the first French TV channel. It was discontinued in 1983. | What country started transmissions using and 819 line system in 1949? | {
"answer_start": [
9
],
"text": [
"France"
]
} |
56f9df829b226e1400dd15d6 | High-definition_television | In 1949, France started its transmissions with an 819 lines system (with 737 active lines). The system was monochrome only, and was used only on VHF for the first French TV channel. It was discontinued in 1983. | What did France start transmissions with in 1949? | {
"answer_start": [
47
],
"text": [
"an 819 lines system"
]
} |
56f9df829b226e1400dd15d7 | High-definition_television | In 1949, France started its transmissions with an 819 lines system (with 737 active lines). The system was monochrome only, and was used only on VHF for the first French TV channel. It was discontinued in 1983. | Was France's 819 line system in color? | {
"answer_start": [
107
],
"text": [
"monochrome only"
]
} |
56f9df829b226e1400dd15d8 | High-definition_television | In 1949, France started its transmissions with an 819 lines system (with 737 active lines). The system was monochrome only, and was used only on VHF for the first French TV channel. It was discontinued in 1983. | When was France's 819 line system discontinued? | {
"answer_start": [
205
],
"text": [
"1983"
]
} |
56f9e1b39b226e1400dd15de | High-definition_television | In 1958, the Soviet Union developed Тransformator (Russian: Трансформатор, meaning Transformer), the first high-resolution (definition) television system capable of producing an image composed of 1,125 lines of resolution aimed at providing teleconferencing for military command. It was a research project and the system... | In the end what was the Soviet Union's Transformator system used for? | {
"answer_start": [
287
],
"text": [
"a research project"
]
} |
56f9e1b39b226e1400dd15df | High-definition_television | In 1958, the Soviet Union developed Тransformator (Russian: Трансформатор, meaning Transformer), the first high-resolution (definition) television system capable of producing an image composed of 1,125 lines of resolution aimed at providing teleconferencing for military command. It was a research project and the system... | When did the Soviet Union develop Transformator? | {
"answer_start": [
3
],
"text": [
"1958"
]
} |
56f9e1b39b226e1400dd15e0 | High-definition_television | In 1958, the Soviet Union developed Тransformator (Russian: Трансформатор, meaning Transformer), the first high-resolution (definition) television system capable of producing an image composed of 1,125 lines of resolution aimed at providing teleconferencing for military command. It was a research project and the system... | Who developed Transformator in 1958? | {
"answer_start": [
9
],
"text": [
"the Soviet Union"
]
} |
56f9e1b39b226e1400dd15e1 | High-definition_television | In 1958, the Soviet Union developed Тransformator (Russian: Трансформатор, meaning Transformer), the first high-resolution (definition) television system capable of producing an image composed of 1,125 lines of resolution aimed at providing teleconferencing for military command. It was a research project and the system... | How many lines of resolution could an image using the Transformator system have? | {
"answer_start": [
196
],
"text": [
"1,125"
]
} |
56f9e1b39b226e1400dd15e2 | High-definition_television | In 1958, the Soviet Union developed Тransformator (Russian: Трансформатор, meaning Transformer), the first high-resolution (definition) television system capable of producing an image composed of 1,125 lines of resolution aimed at providing teleconferencing for military command. It was a research project and the system... | What was the goal of the Transformator system? | {
"answer_start": [
231
],
"text": [
"providing teleconferencing for military command"
]
} |
56f9e38a9e9bad19000a0b37 | High-definition_television | In 1979, the Japanese state broadcaster NHK first developed consumer high-definition television with a 5:3 display aspect ratio. The system, known as Hi-Vision or MUSE after its Multiple sub-Nyquist sampling encoding for encoding the signal, required about twice the bandwidth of the existing NTSC system but provided ab... | In what year did NHK first develop consumer HD television with a 5:3 aspect ratio? | {
"answer_start": [
3
],
"text": [
"1979"
]
} |
56f9e38a9e9bad19000a0b38 | High-definition_television | In 1979, the Japanese state broadcaster NHK first developed consumer high-definition television with a 5:3 display aspect ratio. The system, known as Hi-Vision or MUSE after its Multiple sub-Nyquist sampling encoding for encoding the signal, required about twice the bandwidth of the existing NTSC system but provided ab... | Who first developed consumer HD television with a 5:3 aspect ratio? | {
"answer_start": [
9
],
"text": [
"the Japanese state broadcaster NHK"
]
} |
56f9e38a9e9bad19000a0b39 | High-definition_television | In 1979, the Japanese state broadcaster NHK first developed consumer high-definition television with a 5:3 display aspect ratio. The system, known as Hi-Vision or MUSE after its Multiple sub-Nyquist sampling encoding for encoding the signal, required about twice the bandwidth of the existing NTSC system but provided ab... | When did satellite test broadcasts of Hi-Vision start? | {
"answer_start": [
407
],
"text": [
"1989"
]
} |
56f9e38a9e9bad19000a0b3a | High-definition_television | In 1979, the Japanese state broadcaster NHK first developed consumer high-definition television with a 5:3 display aspect ratio. The system, known as Hi-Vision or MUSE after its Multiple sub-Nyquist sampling encoding for encoding the signal, required about twice the bandwidth of the existing NTSC system but provided ab... | When did regular broadcasting of BS-9ch start? | {
"answer_start": [
500
],
"text": [
"November 25, 1994"
]
} |
56f9e38a9e9bad19000a0b3b | High-definition_television | In 1979, the Japanese state broadcaster NHK first developed consumer high-definition television with a 5:3 display aspect ratio. The system, known as Hi-Vision or MUSE after its Multiple sub-Nyquist sampling encoding for encoding the signal, required about twice the bandwidth of the existing NTSC system but provided ab... | When did regular testing of Hi-Vision start? | {
"answer_start": [
446
],
"text": [
"1991"
]
} |
56f9e4999e9bad19000a0b41 | High-definition_television | In 1981, the MUSE system was demonstrated for the first time in the United States, using the same 5:3 aspect ratio as the Japanese system. Upon visiting a demonstration of MUSE in Washington, US President Ronald Reagan was impressed and officially declared it "a matter of national interest" to introduce HDTV to the US. | When was the MUSE system demonstrated in the US first? | {
"answer_start": [
3
],
"text": [
"1981"
]
} |
56f9e4999e9bad19000a0b42 | High-definition_television | In 1981, the MUSE system was demonstrated for the first time in the United States, using the same 5:3 aspect ratio as the Japanese system. Upon visiting a demonstration of MUSE in Washington, US President Ronald Reagan was impressed and officially declared it "a matter of national interest" to introduce HDTV to the US. | What aspect ratio did the MUSE system use when demonstrated in 1981? | {
"answer_start": [
98
],
"text": [
"5:3"
]
} |
56f9e4999e9bad19000a0b43 | High-definition_television | In 1981, the MUSE system was demonstrated for the first time in the United States, using the same 5:3 aspect ratio as the Japanese system. Upon visiting a demonstration of MUSE in Washington, US President Ronald Reagan was impressed and officially declared it "a matter of national interest" to introduce HDTV to the US. | Which president declared it "a matter of national interest" to introduce HDTV to the US? | {
"answer_start": [
195
],
"text": [
"President Ronald Reagan"
]
} |
56f9e4999e9bad19000a0b44 | High-definition_television | In 1981, the MUSE system was demonstrated for the first time in the United States, using the same 5:3 aspect ratio as the Japanese system. Upon visiting a demonstration of MUSE in Washington, US President Ronald Reagan was impressed and officially declared it "a matter of national interest" to introduce HDTV to the US. | Which system was demonstrated in the US for the first time in 1981? | {
"answer_start": [
13
],
"text": [
"MUSE"
]
} |
56f9e4999e9bad19000a0b45 | High-definition_television | In 1981, the MUSE system was demonstrated for the first time in the United States, using the same 5:3 aspect ratio as the Japanese system. Upon visiting a demonstration of MUSE in Washington, US President Ronald Reagan was impressed and officially declared it "a matter of national interest" to introduce HDTV to the US. | Which system was demonstrated in Washington to President Ronald Reagan? | {
"answer_start": [
172
],
"text": [
"MUSE"
]
} |
56f9e6119b226e1400dd15f2 | High-definition_television | Several systems were proposed as the new standard for the US, including the Japanese MUSE system, but all were rejected by the FCC because of their higher bandwidth requirements. At this time, the number of television channels was growing rapidly and bandwidth was already a problem. A new standard had to be more effici... | Why did the FCC reject systems such as MUSE? | {
"answer_start": [
142
],
"text": [
"their higher bandwidth requirements"
]
} |
56f9e6119b226e1400dd15f3 | High-definition_television | Several systems were proposed as the new standard for the US, including the Japanese MUSE system, but all were rejected by the FCC because of their higher bandwidth requirements. At this time, the number of television channels was growing rapidly and bandwidth was already a problem. A new standard had to be more effici... | What was increasing and consuming a lot of bandwidth? | {
"answer_start": [
207
],
"text": [
"television channels"
]
} |
56f9e6119b226e1400dd15f4 | High-definition_television | Several systems were proposed as the new standard for the US, including the Japanese MUSE system, but all were rejected by the FCC because of their higher bandwidth requirements. At this time, the number of television channels was growing rapidly and bandwidth was already a problem. A new standard had to be more effici... | Who rejected systems such as MUSE as the new standard for the US? | {
"answer_start": [
123
],
"text": [
"the FCC"
]
} |
56f9e6119b226e1400dd15f5 | High-definition_television | Several systems were proposed as the new standard for the US, including the Japanese MUSE system, but all were rejected by the FCC because of their higher bandwidth requirements. At this time, the number of television channels was growing rapidly and bandwidth was already a problem. A new standard had to be more effici... | What was one of the requirements for a new standard system in the US? | {
"answer_start": [
299
],
"text": [
"had to be more efficient, needing less bandwidth"
]
} |
56f9e6119b226e1400dd15f6 | High-definition_television | Several systems were proposed as the new standard for the US, including the Japanese MUSE system, but all were rejected by the FCC because of their higher bandwidth requirements. At this time, the number of television channels was growing rapidly and bandwidth was already a problem. A new standard had to be more effici... | What was the existing system at the time? | {
"answer_start": [
375
],
"text": [
"NTSC"
]
} |
56f9e7ab9b226e1400dd15fc | High-definition_television | The limited standardization of analog HDTV in the 1990s did not lead to global HDTV adoption as technical and economic constraints at the time did not permit HDTV to use bandwidths greater than normal television. | What constraints kept HDTV from being widely adopted in the 90's? | {
"answer_start": [
96
],
"text": [
"technical and economic"
]
} |
56f9e7ab9b226e1400dd15fd | High-definition_television | The limited standardization of analog HDTV in the 1990s did not lead to global HDTV adoption as technical and economic constraints at the time did not permit HDTV to use bandwidths greater than normal television. | What was HDTV not permitted to do in the 90's? | {
"answer_start": [
166
],
"text": [
"use bandwidths greater than normal television"
]
} |
56f9e9128f12f3190062ffdf | High-definition_television | Early HDTV commercial experiments, such as NHK's MUSE, required over four times the bandwidth of a standard-definition broadcast. Despite efforts made to reduce analog HDTV to about twice the bandwidth of SDTV, these television formats were still distributable only by satellite. | How much more bandwith was required from early HDTV commercial experiments than an SD broadcast? | {
"answer_start": [
64
],
"text": [
"over four times"
]
} |
56f9e9128f12f3190062ffe0 | High-definition_television | Early HDTV commercial experiments, such as NHK's MUSE, required over four times the bandwidth of a standard-definition broadcast. Despite efforts made to reduce analog HDTV to about twice the bandwidth of SDTV, these television formats were still distributable only by satellite. | Efforts were made to reduce analog HDTV to how much of the bandwith of SDTV? | {
"answer_start": [
176
],
"text": [
"about twice"
]
} |
56f9e9128f12f3190062ffe1 | High-definition_television | Early HDTV commercial experiments, such as NHK's MUSE, required over four times the bandwidth of a standard-definition broadcast. Despite efforts made to reduce analog HDTV to about twice the bandwidth of SDTV, these television formats were still distributable only by satellite. | Despite the reduced bandwith, HDTV format still had to be distributed how? | {
"answer_start": [
266
],
"text": [
"by satellite"
]
} |
56f9e9128f12f3190062ffe2 | High-definition_television | Early HDTV commercial experiments, such as NHK's MUSE, required over four times the bandwidth of a standard-definition broadcast. Despite efforts made to reduce analog HDTV to about twice the bandwidth of SDTV, these television formats were still distributable only by satellite. | What kind of experiments required over four times the bandwith of a SDTV broadcast? | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Early HDTV commercial experiments"
]
} |
56f9eaae8f12f3190062fff1 | High-definition_television | In addition, recording and reproducing an HDTV signal was a significant technical challenge in the early years of HDTV (Sony HDVS). Japan remained the only country with successful public broadcasting of analog HDTV, with seven broadcasters sharing a single channel. | How many broadcasters did Japan have sharing a single channel? | {
"answer_start": [
221
],
"text": [
"seven"
]
} |
56f9eaae8f12f3190062fff2 | High-definition_television | In addition, recording and reproducing an HDTV signal was a significant technical challenge in the early years of HDTV (Sony HDVS). Japan remained the only country with successful public broadcasting of analog HDTV, with seven broadcasters sharing a single channel. | Which country had successful public analog HDTV broadcasting? | {
"answer_start": [
132
],
"text": [
"Japan"
]
} |
56f9eaae8f12f3190062fff3 | High-definition_television | In addition, recording and reproducing an HDTV signal was a significant technical challenge in the early years of HDTV (Sony HDVS). Japan remained the only country with successful public broadcasting of analog HDTV, with seven broadcasters sharing a single channel. | What was particularly challenging in the early years of HDTV? | {
"answer_start": [
13
],
"text": [
"recording and reproducing an HDTV signal"
]
} |
56f9eaae8f12f3190062fff4 | High-definition_television | In addition, recording and reproducing an HDTV signal was a significant technical challenge in the early years of HDTV (Sony HDVS). Japan remained the only country with successful public broadcasting of analog HDTV, with seven broadcasters sharing a single channel. | What accomplishment in early HDTV did Japan have? | {
"answer_start": [
147
],
"text": [
"the only country with successful public broadcasting of analog HDTV"
]
} |
56f9ebe18f12f3190062fff9 | High-definition_television | Since 1972, International Telecommunication Union's radio telecommunications sector (ITU-R) had been working on creating a global recommendation for Analog HDTV. These recommendations, however, did not fit in the broadcasting bands which could reach home users. The standardization of MPEG-1 in 1993 also led to the acce... | What does ITU-R stand for? | {
"answer_start": [
12
],
"text": [
"International Telecommunication Union's radio telecommunications sector"
]
} |
56f9ebe18f12f3190062fffa | High-definition_television | Since 1972, International Telecommunication Union's radio telecommunications sector (ITU-R) had been working on creating a global recommendation for Analog HDTV. These recommendations, however, did not fit in the broadcasting bands which could reach home users. The standardization of MPEG-1 in 1993 also led to the acce... | What does DVB stand for? | {
"answer_start": [
399
],
"text": [
"Digital Video Broadcasting"
]
} |
56f9ebe18f12f3190062fffb | High-definition_television | Since 1972, International Telecommunication Union's radio telecommunications sector (ITU-R) had been working on creating a global recommendation for Analog HDTV. These recommendations, however, did not fit in the broadcasting bands which could reach home users. The standardization of MPEG-1 in 1993 also led to the acce... | What is the DVB? | {
"answer_start": [
457
],
"text": [
"an alliance of broadcasters, consumer electronics manufacturers and regulatory bodies"
]
} |
56f9ebe18f12f3190062fffc | High-definition_television | Since 1972, International Telecommunication Union's radio telecommunications sector (ITU-R) had been working on creating a global recommendation for Analog HDTV. These recommendations, however, did not fit in the broadcasting bands which could reach home users. The standardization of MPEG-1 in 1993 also led to the acce... | What is the DVB's role? | {
"answer_start": [
552
],
"text": [
"develops and agrees upon specifications"
]
} |
56f9ebe18f12f3190062fffd | High-definition_television | Since 1972, International Telecommunication Union's radio telecommunications sector (ITU-R) had been working on creating a global recommendation for Analog HDTV. These recommendations, however, did not fit in the broadcasting bands which could reach home users. The standardization of MPEG-1 in 1993 also led to the acce... | Who standardizes HDTV specifications? | {
"answer_start": [
627
],
"text": [
"ETSI"
]
} |
56f9ed16f34c681400b0beef | High-definition_television | DVB created first the standard for DVB-S digital satellite TV, DVB-C digital cable TV and DVB-T digital terrestrial TV. These broadcasting systems can be used for both SDTV and HDTV. In the US the Grand Alliance proposed ATSC as the new standard for SDTV and HDTV. Both ATSC and DVB were based on the MPEG-2 standard, al... | What did the Grand Alliance propose as the new standard for SDTV and HDTV? | {
"answer_start": [
221
],
"text": [
"ATSC"
]
} |
56f9ed16f34c681400b0bef0 | High-definition_television | DVB created first the standard for DVB-S digital satellite TV, DVB-C digital cable TV and DVB-T digital terrestrial TV. These broadcasting systems can be used for both SDTV and HDTV. In the US the Grand Alliance proposed ATSC as the new standard for SDTV and HDTV. Both ATSC and DVB were based on the MPEG-2 standard, al... | Which standard were ATSC and DVB based on? | {
"answer_start": [
301
],
"text": [
"MPEG-2"
]
} |
56f9ed16f34c681400b0bef1 | High-definition_television | DVB created first the standard for DVB-S digital satellite TV, DVB-C digital cable TV and DVB-T digital terrestrial TV. These broadcasting systems can be used for both SDTV and HDTV. In the US the Grand Alliance proposed ATSC as the new standard for SDTV and HDTV. Both ATSC and DVB were based on the MPEG-2 standard, al... | Who created the standard for DVB-2, DVB-C, and DVB-T? | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"DVB"
]
} |
56f9ed16f34c681400b0bef2 | High-definition_television | DVB created first the standard for DVB-S digital satellite TV, DVB-C digital cable TV and DVB-T digital terrestrial TV. These broadcasting systems can be used for both SDTV and HDTV. In the US the Grand Alliance proposed ATSC as the new standard for SDTV and HDTV. Both ATSC and DVB were based on the MPEG-2 standard, al... | Who proposed ATSC as the new standard for SDTV and HDTV? | {
"answer_start": [
193
],
"text": [
"the Grand Alliance"
]
} |
56fa6e23f34c681400b0c0b7 | High-definition_television | In 1983, the International Telecommunication Union's radio telecommunications sector (ITU-R) set up a working party (IWP11/6) with the aim of setting a single international HDTV standard. One of the thornier issues concerned a suitable frame/field refresh rate, the world already having split into two camps, 25/50 Hz an... | When did ITU-R start trying to work towards setting a single international HDTV standard? | {
"answer_start": [
3
],
"text": [
"1983"
]
} |
56fa6e23f34c681400b0c0b8 | High-definition_television | In 1983, the International Telecommunication Union's radio telecommunications sector (ITU-R) set up a working party (IWP11/6) with the aim of setting a single international HDTV standard. One of the thornier issues concerned a suitable frame/field refresh rate, the world already having split into two camps, 25/50 Hz an... | What did ITU-R start trying to do in 1983? | {
"answer_start": [
142
],
"text": [
"setting a single international HDTV standard"
]
} |
56fa6e23f34c681400b0c0b9 | High-definition_television | In 1983, the International Telecommunication Union's radio telecommunications sector (ITU-R) set up a working party (IWP11/6) with the aim of setting a single international HDTV standard. One of the thornier issues concerned a suitable frame/field refresh rate, the world already having split into two camps, 25/50 Hz an... | What was one of the issues with setting a single HDTV standard? | {
"answer_start": [
225
],
"text": [
"a suitable frame/field refresh rate"
]
} |
56fa6e23f34c681400b0c0ba | High-definition_television | In 1983, the International Telecommunication Union's radio telecommunications sector (ITU-R) set up a working party (IWP11/6) with the aim of setting a single international HDTV standard. One of the thornier issues concerned a suitable frame/field refresh rate, the world already having split into two camps, 25/50 Hz an... | What was used as a conversion between the two main frame/field rates? | {
"answer_start": [
601
],
"text": [
"motion vectors"
]
} |
56fa6e23f34c681400b0c0bb | High-definition_television | In 1983, the International Telecommunication Union's radio telecommunications sector (ITU-R) set up a working party (IWP11/6) with the aim of setting a single international HDTV standard. One of the thornier issues concerned a suitable frame/field refresh rate, the world already having split into two camps, 25/50 Hz an... | How many frame/field rates were primarily being used in 1983? | {
"answer_start": [
298
],
"text": [
"two"
]
} |
56fa6fd3f34c681400b0c0c1 | High-definition_television | Initially the existing 5:3 aspect ratio had been the main candidate but, due to the influence of widescreen cinema, the aspect ratio 16:9 (1.78) eventually emerged as being a reasonable compromise between 5:3 (1.67) and the common 1.85 widescreen cinema format. An aspect ratio of 16:9 was duly agreed upon at the first ... | What aspect ratio was agreed upon due to the influence of widescreen cinema? | {
"answer_start": [
133
],
"text": [
"16:9"
]
} |
56fa6fd3f34c681400b0c0c2 | High-definition_television | Initially the existing 5:3 aspect ratio had been the main candidate but, due to the influence of widescreen cinema, the aspect ratio 16:9 (1.78) eventually emerged as being a reasonable compromise between 5:3 (1.67) and the common 1.85 widescreen cinema format. An aspect ratio of 16:9 was duly agreed upon at the first ... | Who agreed upon the 16:9 aspect ratio? | {
"answer_start": [
331
],
"text": [
"the IWP11/6 working party"
]
} |
56fa6fd3f34c681400b0c0c3 | High-definition_television | Initially the existing 5:3 aspect ratio had been the main candidate but, due to the influence of widescreen cinema, the aspect ratio 16:9 (1.78) eventually emerged as being a reasonable compromise between 5:3 (1.67) and the common 1.85 widescreen cinema format. An aspect ratio of 16:9 was duly agreed upon at the first ... | What was a leading factor in the 16:9 aspect ratio being chosen? | {
"answer_start": [
97
],
"text": [
"widescreen cinema"
]
} |
56fa6fd3f34c681400b0c0c4 | High-definition_television | Initially the existing 5:3 aspect ratio had been the main candidate but, due to the influence of widescreen cinema, the aspect ratio 16:9 (1.78) eventually emerged as being a reasonable compromise between 5:3 (1.67) and the common 1.85 widescreen cinema format. An aspect ratio of 16:9 was duly agreed upon at the first ... | Which encoding contains both progressive and interlaced content? | {
"answer_start": [
706
],
"text": [
"MBAFF"
]
} |
56fa6fd3f34c681400b0c0c5 | High-definition_television | Initially the existing 5:3 aspect ratio had been the main candidate but, due to the influence of widescreen cinema, the aspect ratio 16:9 (1.78) eventually emerged as being a reasonable compromise between 5:3 (1.67) and the common 1.85 widescreen cinema format. An aspect ratio of 16:9 was duly agreed upon at the first ... | Which aspect ratio was the early favorite? | {
"answer_start": [
23
],
"text": [
"5:3"
]
} |
56fa74058f12f31900630149 | High-definition_television | It also includes the alternative 1440×1152 HDMAC scan format. (According to some reports, a mooted 750-line (720p) format (720 progressively scanned lines) was viewed by some at the ITU as an enhanced television format rather than a true HDTV format, and so was not included, although 1920×1080i and 1280×720p systems fo... | What scan format is also included in MBAFF? | {
"answer_start": [
33
],
"text": [
"1440×1152 HDMAC"
]
} |
56fa74058f12f3190063014a | High-definition_television | It also includes the alternative 1440×1152 HDMAC scan format. (According to some reports, a mooted 750-line (720p) format (720 progressively scanned lines) was viewed by some at the ITU as an enhanced television format rather than a true HDTV format, and so was not included, although 1920×1080i and 1280×720p systems fo... | What was viewed by some as enhanced television format and not true HDTV format? | {
"answer_start": [
90
],
"text": [
"a mooted 750-line"
]
} |
56fa74058f12f3190063014b | High-definition_television | It also includes the alternative 1440×1152 HDMAC scan format. (According to some reports, a mooted 750-line (720p) format (720 progressively scanned lines) was viewed by some at the ITU as an enhanced television format rather than a true HDTV format, and so was not included, although 1920×1080i and 1280×720p systems fo... | A mooted 750-line was seen by some at the ITU as what? | {
"answer_start": [
189
],
"text": [
"an enhanced television format"
]
} |
56fa74058f12f3190063014c | High-definition_television | It also includes the alternative 1440×1152 HDMAC scan format. (According to some reports, a mooted 750-line (720p) format (720 progressively scanned lines) was viewed by some at the ITU as an enhanced television format rather than a true HDTV format, and so was not included, although 1920×1080i and 1280×720p systems fo... | What were 1920x1080i and 1280x720p defined by? | {
"answer_start": [
379
],
"text": [
"US SMPTE standards"
]
} |
56fa7909f34c681400b0c0cb | High-definition_television | HDTV technology was introduced in the United States in the late 1980s and made official in 1993 by the Digital HDTV Grand Alliance, a group of television, electronic equipment, communications companies consisting of AT&T Bell Labs, General Instrument, Philips, Sarnoff, Thomson, Zenith and the Massachusetts Institute of... | When was HDTV introduced in the US? | {
"answer_start": [
59
],
"text": [
"late 1980s"
]
} |
56fa7909f34c681400b0c0cc | High-definition_television | HDTV technology was introduced in the United States in the late 1980s and made official in 1993 by the Digital HDTV Grand Alliance, a group of television, electronic equipment, communications companies consisting of AT&T Bell Labs, General Instrument, Philips, Sarnoff, Thomson, Zenith and the Massachusetts Institute of... | Who made HDTV official in 1993? | {
"answer_start": [
99
],
"text": [
"the Digital HDTV Grand Alliance"
]
} |
56fa7909f34c681400b0c0cd | High-definition_television | HDTV technology was introduced in the United States in the late 1980s and made official in 1993 by the Digital HDTV Grand Alliance, a group of television, electronic equipment, communications companies consisting of AT&T Bell Labs, General Instrument, Philips, Sarnoff, Thomson, Zenith and the Massachusetts Institute of... | AT&T, Philips, Zenith, and MIT, among others, made up what group in the 90's? | {
"answer_start": [
99
],
"text": [
"the Digital HDTV Grand Alliance"
]
} |
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