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5706ab5375f01819005e7cfa
Black_people
Other than by appearance, "Coloureds" can usually be distinguished from "Blacks" by language. Most speak Afrikaans or English as a first language, as opposed to Bantu languages such as Zulu or Xhosa. They also tend to have more European-sounding names than Bantu names.
What type of names do "blacks" have?
{ "answer_start": [ 257 ], "text": [ "Bantu names" ] }
5706ac8d52bb891400689b66
Black_people
Historians estimate that between the advent of Islam in 650CE and the abolition of slavery in the Arabian Peninsula in the mid-20th century, 10 to 18 million sub-Saharan Black Africans were enslaved by Arab slave traders and transported to the Arabian Peninsula and neighboring countries. This number far exceeded the nu...
How many sub-Saharan Black Africans were enslaved?
{ "answer_start": [ 141 ], "text": [ "10 to 18 million" ] }
5706ac8d52bb891400689b67
Black_people
Historians estimate that between the advent of Islam in 650CE and the abolition of slavery in the Arabian Peninsula in the mid-20th century, 10 to 18 million sub-Saharan Black Africans were enslaved by Arab slave traders and transported to the Arabian Peninsula and neighboring countries. This number far exceeded the nu...
In what time frame were these people enslaved?
{ "answer_start": [ 25 ], "text": [ "between the advent of Islam in 650CE and the abolition of slavery in the Arabian Peninsula in the mid-20th century" ] }
5706ac8d52bb891400689b68
Black_people
Historians estimate that between the advent of Islam in 650CE and the abolition of slavery in the Arabian Peninsula in the mid-20th century, 10 to 18 million sub-Saharan Black Africans were enslaved by Arab slave traders and transported to the Arabian Peninsula and neighboring countries. This number far exceeded the nu...
Who enslaved these people?
{ "answer_start": [ 202 ], "text": [ "Arab slave traders" ] }
5706ac8d52bb891400689b69
Black_people
Historians estimate that between the advent of Islam in 650CE and the abolition of slavery in the Arabian Peninsula in the mid-20th century, 10 to 18 million sub-Saharan Black Africans were enslaved by Arab slave traders and transported to the Arabian Peninsula and neighboring countries. This number far exceeded the nu...
Why were women slaves more popular?
{ "answer_start": [ 544 ], "text": [ "for them to serve as concubines" ] }
5706ac8d52bb891400689b6a
Black_people
Historians estimate that between the advent of Islam in 650CE and the abolition of slavery in the Arabian Peninsula in the mid-20th century, 10 to 18 million sub-Saharan Black Africans were enslaved by Arab slave traders and transported to the Arabian Peninsula and neighboring countries. This number far exceeded the nu...
Who was assimilated into the Arab slave owner families?
{ "answer_start": [ 767 ], "text": [ "The mixed-race children of female slaves and Arab owners" ] }
5706ad8c52bb891400689b70
Black_people
Genetic studies have found significant African female-mediated gene flow in Arab communities in the Arabian Peninsula and neighboring countries, with an average of 38% of maternal lineages in Yemen are of direct African descent, 16% in Oman-Qatar, and 10% in Saudi Arabia-United Arab Emirates.
How many people in Yemen have African lineage?
{ "answer_start": [ 153 ], "text": [ "average of 38%" ] }
5706ad8c52bb891400689b71
Black_people
Genetic studies have found significant African female-mediated gene flow in Arab communities in the Arabian Peninsula and neighboring countries, with an average of 38% of maternal lineages in Yemen are of direct African descent, 16% in Oman-Qatar, and 10% in Saudi Arabia-United Arab Emirates.
How many people in Oman-Qatar have African lineage?
{ "answer_start": [ 229 ], "text": [ "16%" ] }
5706ad8c52bb891400689b72
Black_people
Genetic studies have found significant African female-mediated gene flow in Arab communities in the Arabian Peninsula and neighboring countries, with an average of 38% of maternal lineages in Yemen are of direct African descent, 16% in Oman-Qatar, and 10% in Saudi Arabia-United Arab Emirates.
How many people in Saudi Arabia-United Arab Emirates have African lineage?
{ "answer_start": [ 252 ], "text": [ "10%" ] }
5706ad8c52bb891400689b73
Black_people
Genetic studies have found significant African female-mediated gene flow in Arab communities in the Arabian Peninsula and neighboring countries, with an average of 38% of maternal lineages in Yemen are of direct African descent, 16% in Oman-Qatar, and 10% in Saudi Arabia-United Arab Emirates.
Genetic studies have found which gene in Arab communities?
{ "answer_start": [ 39 ], "text": [ "African female-mediated gene" ] }
5706b0492eaba6190074ac30
Black_people
Distinctive and self-identified black communities have been reported in countries such as Iraq, with a reported 1.2 million black people, and they attest to a history of discrimination. African-Iraquis have sought minority status from the government, which would reserve some seats in Parliament for representatives of t...
Who is seeking minority status from the government?
{ "answer_start": [ 186 ], "text": [ "African-Iraquis" ] }
5706b0492eaba6190074ac31
Black_people
Distinctive and self-identified black communities have been reported in countries such as Iraq, with a reported 1.2 million black people, and they attest to a history of discrimination. African-Iraquis have sought minority status from the government, which would reserve some seats in Parliament for representatives of t...
Where would they be represented if minority status is granted?
{ "answer_start": [ 285 ], "text": [ "Parliament" ] }
5706b0492eaba6190074ac32
Black_people
Distinctive and self-identified black communities have been reported in countries such as Iraq, with a reported 1.2 million black people, and they attest to a history of discrimination. African-Iraquis have sought minority status from the government, which would reserve some seats in Parliament for representatives of t...
How are Africans classified in the Arabian Peninsula?
{ "answer_start": [ 512 ], "text": [ "as Arab" ] }
5706b0492eaba6190074ac33
Black_people
Distinctive and self-identified black communities have been reported in countries such as Iraq, with a reported 1.2 million black people, and they attest to a history of discrimination. African-Iraquis have sought minority status from the government, which would reserve some seats in Parliament for representatives of t...
What types of communities have been reported in Iraq?
{ "answer_start": [ 0 ], "text": [ "Distinctive and self-identified black communities" ] }
5706b0492eaba6190074ac34
Black_people
Distinctive and self-identified black communities have been reported in countries such as Iraq, with a reported 1.2 million black people, and they attest to a history of discrimination. African-Iraquis have sought minority status from the government, which would reserve some seats in Parliament for representatives of t...
Who gave information on how blacks were classified in the Arabian Peninsula?
{ "answer_start": [ 350 ], "text": [ "Alamin M. Mazrui et al." ] }
5706b0e42eaba6190074ac44
Black_people
About 150,000 East African and black people live in Israel, amounting to just over 2% of the nation's population. The vast majority of these, some 120,000, are Beta Israel, most of whom are recent immigrants who came during the 1980s and 1990s from Ethiopia. In addition, Israel is home to over 5,000 members of the Afri...
How many East African and black people live in Israel?
{ "answer_start": [ 0 ], "text": [ "About 150,000" ] }
5706b0e42eaba6190074ac45
Black_people
About 150,000 East African and black people live in Israel, amounting to just over 2% of the nation's population. The vast majority of these, some 120,000, are Beta Israel, most of whom are recent immigrants who came during the 1980s and 1990s from Ethiopia. In addition, Israel is home to over 5,000 members of the Afri...
What percent of Israel's population is black?
{ "answer_start": [ 73 ], "text": [ "just over 2%" ] }
5706b0e42eaba6190074ac46
Black_people
About 150,000 East African and black people live in Israel, amounting to just over 2% of the nation's population. The vast majority of these, some 120,000, are Beta Israel, most of whom are recent immigrants who came during the 1980s and 1990s from Ethiopia. In addition, Israel is home to over 5,000 members of the Afri...
When did they migrate to Israel?
{ "answer_start": [ 217 ], "text": [ "during the 1980s and 1990s" ] }
5706b0e42eaba6190074ac47
Black_people
About 150,000 East African and black people live in Israel, amounting to just over 2% of the nation's population. The vast majority of these, some 120,000, are Beta Israel, most of whom are recent immigrants who came during the 1980s and 1990s from Ethiopia. In addition, Israel is home to over 5,000 members of the Afri...
Where did they migrate from?
{ "answer_start": [ 249 ], "text": [ "Ethiopia." ] }
5706b0e42eaba6190074ac48
Black_people
About 150,000 East African and black people live in Israel, amounting to just over 2% of the nation's population. The vast majority of these, some 120,000, are Beta Israel, most of whom are recent immigrants who came during the 1980s and 1990s from Ethiopia. In addition, Israel is home to over 5,000 members of the Afri...
Where are most of the black converts from?
{ "answer_start": [ 619 ], "text": [ "the United Kingdom, Canada, and the United States." ] }
5706b77e0eeca41400aa0d8d
Black_people
Additionally, there are around 60,000 non-Jewish African immigrants in Israel, some of whom have sought asylum. Most of the migrants are from communities in Sudan and Eritrea, particularly the Niger-Congo-speaking Nuba groups of the southern Nuba Mountains; some are illegal immigrants.
How many non-jewish African immigrants live in Israel?
{ "answer_start": [ 24 ], "text": [ "around 60,000" ] }
5706b77e0eeca41400aa0d8e
Black_people
Additionally, there are around 60,000 non-Jewish African immigrants in Israel, some of whom have sought asylum. Most of the migrants are from communities in Sudan and Eritrea, particularly the Niger-Congo-speaking Nuba groups of the southern Nuba Mountains; some are illegal immigrants.
What have these immigrants sought?
{ "answer_start": [ 104 ], "text": [ "asylum" ] }
5706b77e0eeca41400aa0d8f
Black_people
Additionally, there are around 60,000 non-Jewish African immigrants in Israel, some of whom have sought asylum. Most of the migrants are from communities in Sudan and Eritrea, particularly the Niger-Congo-speaking Nuba groups of the southern Nuba Mountains; some are illegal immigrants.
Where are most of them from?
{ "answer_start": [ 157 ], "text": [ "Sudan and Eritrea" ] }
5706b77e0eeca41400aa0d90
Black_people
Additionally, there are around 60,000 non-Jewish African immigrants in Israel, some of whom have sought asylum. Most of the migrants are from communities in Sudan and Eritrea, particularly the Niger-Congo-speaking Nuba groups of the southern Nuba Mountains; some are illegal immigrants.
What languages do they speak?
{ "answer_start": [ 193 ], "text": [ "Niger-Congo" ] }
5706b77e0eeca41400aa0d91
Black_people
Additionally, there are around 60,000 non-Jewish African immigrants in Israel, some of whom have sought asylum. Most of the migrants are from communities in Sudan and Eritrea, particularly the Niger-Congo-speaking Nuba groups of the southern Nuba Mountains; some are illegal immigrants.
Where are the non jewish immigrants from?
{ "answer_start": [ 233 ], "text": [ "southern Nuba Mountains" ] }
5706baed2eaba6190074aca2
Black_people
Beginning several centuries ago, during the period of the Ottoman Empire, tens of thousands of Black Africans were brought by slave traders to plantations and agricultural areas situated between Antalya and Istanbul in present-day Turkey. Some of their descendants remained in situ, and many migrated to larger cities an...
When did the slave trade begin?
{ "answer_start": [ 33 ], "text": [ "during the period of the Ottoman Empire" ] }
5706baed2eaba6190074aca3
Black_people
Beginning several centuries ago, during the period of the Ottoman Empire, tens of thousands of Black Africans were brought by slave traders to plantations and agricultural areas situated between Antalya and Istanbul in present-day Turkey. Some of their descendants remained in situ, and many migrated to larger cities an...
Where were the slaves brought?
{ "answer_start": [ 195 ], "text": [ "Antalya and Istanbul in present-day Turkey" ] }
5706baed2eaba6190074aca4
Black_people
Beginning several centuries ago, during the period of the Ottoman Empire, tens of thousands of Black Africans were brought by slave traders to plantations and agricultural areas situated between Antalya and Istanbul in present-day Turkey. Some of their descendants remained in situ, and many migrated to larger cities an...
Where did former slaves go for work once freed?
{ "answer_start": [ 431 ], "text": [ "İzmir area" ] }
5706baed2eaba6190074aca5
Black_people
Beginning several centuries ago, during the period of the Ottoman Empire, tens of thousands of Black Africans were brought by slave traders to plantations and agricultural areas situated between Antalya and Istanbul in present-day Turkey. Some of their descendants remained in situ, and many migrated to larger cities an...
What year did they begin to migrate to Izmir?
{ "answer_start": [ 503 ], "text": [ "1923" ] }
5706bbd42eaba6190074acbe
Black_people
The Siddi are an ethnic group inhabiting India and Pakistan whose members are descended from Bantu peoples from Southeast Africa that were brought to the Indian subcontinent as slaves by Arab and Portuguese merchants. Although it is commonly believed locally that "Siddi" derives from a word meaning "black", the term is...
Who are the Siddi?
{ "answer_start": [ 14 ], "text": [ "an ethnic group inhabiting India and Pakistan" ] }
5706bbd52eaba6190074acbf
Black_people
The Siddi are an ethnic group inhabiting India and Pakistan whose members are descended from Bantu peoples from Southeast Africa that were brought to the Indian subcontinent as slaves by Arab and Portuguese merchants. Although it is commonly believed locally that "Siddi" derives from a word meaning "black", the term is...
Who did the Siddi descend from?
{ "answer_start": [ 93 ], "text": [ "Bantu peoples from Southeast Africa" ] }
5706bbd52eaba6190074acc0
Black_people
The Siddi are an ethnic group inhabiting India and Pakistan whose members are descended from Bantu peoples from Southeast Africa that were brought to the Indian subcontinent as slaves by Arab and Portuguese merchants. Although it is commonly believed locally that "Siddi" derives from a word meaning "black", the term is...
What does the word "Siddi" derive from?
{ "answer_start": [ 343 ], "text": [ "\"Sayyid\"" ] }
5706bbd52eaba6190074acc1
Black_people
The Siddi are an ethnic group inhabiting India and Pakistan whose members are descended from Bantu peoples from Southeast Africa that were brought to the Indian subcontinent as slaves by Arab and Portuguese merchants. Although it is commonly believed locally that "Siddi" derives from a word meaning "black", the term is...
Where does the term Sayyid come from?
{ "answer_start": [ 353 ], "text": [ "the title borne by the captains of the Arab vessels that first brought Siddi settlers to the area" ] }
5706bbd52eaba6190074acc2
Black_people
The Siddi are an ethnic group inhabiting India and Pakistan whose members are descended from Bantu peoples from Southeast Africa that were brought to the Indian subcontinent as slaves by Arab and Portuguese merchants. Although it is commonly believed locally that "Siddi" derives from a word meaning "black", the term is...
When was the "black power" movement in Sindh?
{ "answer_start": [ 644 ], "text": [ "1960s" ] }
5706bddb0eeca41400aa0ddd
Black_people
The Negritos are believed to be the first inhabitants of Southeast Asia. Once inhabiting Taiwan, Vietnam, and various other parts of Asia, they are now confined primarily to Thailand, the Malay Archipelago, and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Negrito means "little black people" in Spanish (negrito is the Spanish dimin...
Who were the first inhabitants of Southeast Asia?
{ "answer_start": [ 0 ], "text": [ "The Negritos" ] }
5706bddb0eeca41400aa0dde
Black_people
The Negritos are believed to be the first inhabitants of Southeast Asia. Once inhabiting Taiwan, Vietnam, and various other parts of Asia, they are now confined primarily to Thailand, the Malay Archipelago, and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Negrito means "little black people" in Spanish (negrito is the Spanish dimin...
Where do the Negritos reside currently?
{ "answer_start": [ 174 ], "text": [ "Thailand, the Malay Archipelago, and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands." ] }
5706bddb0eeca41400aa0ddf
Black_people
The Negritos are believed to be the first inhabitants of Southeast Asia. Once inhabiting Taiwan, Vietnam, and various other parts of Asia, they are now confined primarily to Thailand, the Malay Archipelago, and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Negrito means "little black people" in Spanish (negrito is the Spanish dimin...
What does Negrito mean?
{ "answer_start": [ 258 ], "text": [ "\"little black people\"" ] }
5706bddb0eeca41400aa0de0
Black_people
The Negritos are believed to be the first inhabitants of Southeast Asia. Once inhabiting Taiwan, Vietnam, and various other parts of Asia, they are now confined primarily to Thailand, the Malay Archipelago, and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Negrito means "little black people" in Spanish (negrito is the Spanish dimin...
What language does the term Negrito come from?
{ "answer_start": [ 283 ], "text": [ "Spanish" ] }
5706bddb0eeca41400aa0de1
Black_people
The Negritos are believed to be the first inhabitants of Southeast Asia. Once inhabiting Taiwan, Vietnam, and various other parts of Asia, they are now confined primarily to Thailand, the Malay Archipelago, and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Negrito means "little black people" in Spanish (negrito is the Spanish dimin...
What term is interchangable with Negrito?
{ "answer_start": [ 718 ], "text": [ "Semang" ] }
5706beac0eeca41400aa0df1
Black_people
The term "Moors" has been used in Europe in a broader, somewhat derogatory sense to refer to Muslims, especially those of Arab or Berber descent, whether living in North Africa or Iberia. Moors were not a distinct or self-defined people. Medieval and early modern Europeans applied the name to Muslim Arabs, Berbers, Bla...
What does the term "Moors" refer to?
{ "answer_start": [ 93 ], "text": [ "Muslims" ] }
5706beac0eeca41400aa0df2
Black_people
The term "Moors" has been used in Europe in a broader, somewhat derogatory sense to refer to Muslims, especially those of Arab or Berber descent, whether living in North Africa or Iberia. Moors were not a distinct or self-defined people. Medieval and early modern Europeans applied the name to Muslim Arabs, Berbers, Bla...
What descent of Muslims does "Moors" refer to?
{ "answer_start": [ 122 ], "text": [ "Arab or Berber descent" ] }
5706beac0eeca41400aa0df3
Black_people
The term "Moors" has been used in Europe in a broader, somewhat derogatory sense to refer to Muslims, especially those of Arab or Berber descent, whether living in North Africa or Iberia. Moors were not a distinct or self-defined people. Medieval and early modern Europeans applied the name to Muslim Arabs, Berbers, Bla...
In Medieval and early Modern Europe what ethnicity were lumped together?
{ "answer_start": [ 294 ], "text": [ "Muslim Arabs, Berbers, Black Africans and Europeans" ] }
5706beac0eeca41400aa0df4
Black_people
The term "Moors" has been used in Europe in a broader, somewhat derogatory sense to refer to Muslims, especially those of Arab or Berber descent, whether living in North Africa or Iberia. Moors were not a distinct or self-defined people. Medieval and early modern Europeans applied the name to Muslim Arabs, Berbers, Bla...
Where did "Moors" migrate from?
{ "answer_start": [ 164 ], "text": [ "North Africa or Iberia" ] }
5706beac0eeca41400aa0df5
Black_people
The term "Moors" has been used in Europe in a broader, somewhat derogatory sense to refer to Muslims, especially those of Arab or Berber descent, whether living in North Africa or Iberia. Moors were not a distinct or self-defined people. Medieval and early modern Europeans applied the name to Muslim Arabs, Berbers, Bla...
What kind of term is "Moors"?
{ "answer_start": [ 64 ], "text": [ "derogatory" ] }
5706bfe52eaba6190074acdc
Black_people
Isidore of Seville, writing in the 7th century, claimed that the Latin word Maurus was derived from the Greek mauron, μαύρον, which is the Greek word for black. Indeed, by the time Isidore of Seville came to write his Etymologies, the word Maurus or "Moor" had become an adjective in Latin, "for the Greeks call black, m...
Who claimed that Maurus was derived from the Greek mauron?
{ "answer_start": [ 0 ], "text": [ "Isidore of Seville" ] }
5706bfe52eaba6190074acdd
Black_people
Isidore of Seville, writing in the 7th century, claimed that the Latin word Maurus was derived from the Greek mauron, μαύρον, which is the Greek word for black. Indeed, by the time Isidore of Seville came to write his Etymologies, the word Maurus or "Moor" had become an adjective in Latin, "for the Greeks call black, m...
When was this claim made?
{ "answer_start": [ 35 ], "text": [ "7th century," ] }
5706bfe52eaba6190074acde
Black_people
Isidore of Seville, writing in the 7th century, claimed that the Latin word Maurus was derived from the Greek mauron, μαύρον, which is the Greek word for black. Indeed, by the time Isidore of Seville came to write his Etymologies, the word Maurus or "Moor" had become an adjective in Latin, "for the Greeks call black, m...
What does mauron mean?
{ "answer_start": [ 154 ], "text": [ "black" ] }
5706bfe52eaba6190074acdf
Black_people
Isidore of Seville, writing in the 7th century, claimed that the Latin word Maurus was derived from the Greek mauron, μαύρον, which is the Greek word for black. Indeed, by the time Isidore of Seville came to write his Etymologies, the word Maurus or "Moor" had become an adjective in Latin, "for the Greeks call black, m...
What is the compilation of Isidore of Seville's work called?
{ "answer_start": [ 218 ], "text": [ "Etymologies" ] }
5706bfe52eaba6190074ace0
Black_people
Isidore of Seville, writing in the 7th century, claimed that the Latin word Maurus was derived from the Greek mauron, μαύρον, which is the Greek word for black. Indeed, by the time Isidore of Seville came to write his Etymologies, the word Maurus or "Moor" had become an adjective in Latin, "for the Greeks call black, m...
What was "Black by definition"?
{ "answer_start": [ 347 ], "text": [ "Moors" ] }
5706c0ba2eaba6190074ace6
Black_people
Afro-Spaniards are Spanish nationals of West/Central African descent. They today mainly come from Angola, Brazil, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Equatorial Guinea, Ghana, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Mali, Nigeria and Senegal. Additionally, many Afro-Spaniards born in Spain are from the former Spanish colony Equatorial Guinea. Today,...
What are Afro-Spaniards?
{ "answer_start": [ 19 ], "text": [ "Spanish nationals of West/Central African descent" ] }
5706c0ba2eaba6190074ace7
Black_people
Afro-Spaniards are Spanish nationals of West/Central African descent. They today mainly come from Angola, Brazil, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Equatorial Guinea, Ghana, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Mali, Nigeria and Senegal. Additionally, many Afro-Spaniards born in Spain are from the former Spanish colony Equatorial Guinea. Today,...
Where do Afro-Spaniards come from?
{ "answer_start": [ 98 ], "text": [ "Angola, Brazil, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Equatorial Guinea, Ghana, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Mali, Nigeria and Senegal" ] }
5706c0ba2eaba6190074ace8
Black_people
Afro-Spaniards are Spanish nationals of West/Central African descent. They today mainly come from Angola, Brazil, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Equatorial Guinea, Ghana, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Mali, Nigeria and Senegal. Additionally, many Afro-Spaniards born in Spain are from the former Spanish colony Equatorial Guinea. Today,...
Which Spanish colony do Afro-Spaniards reside?
{ "answer_start": [ 295 ], "text": [ "Equatorial Guinea" ] }
5706c0ba2eaba6190074ace9
Black_people
Afro-Spaniards are Spanish nationals of West/Central African descent. They today mainly come from Angola, Brazil, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Equatorial Guinea, Ghana, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Mali, Nigeria and Senegal. Additionally, many Afro-Spaniards born in Spain are from the former Spanish colony Equatorial Guinea. Today,...
How many Afro-Spaniards currently live in Spain?
{ "answer_start": [ 331 ], "text": [ "an estimated 683,000" ] }
5706c2370eeca41400aa0e03
Black_people
According to the Office for National Statistics, at the 2001 census there were over a million black people in the United Kingdom; 1% of the total population described themselves as "Black Caribbean", 0.8% as "Black African", and 0.2% as "Black other". Britain encouraged the immigration of workers from the Caribbean aft...
In 2001 how many black people lived in the UK?
{ "answer_start": [ 79 ], "text": [ "over a million black" ] }
5706c2370eeca41400aa0e04
Black_people
According to the Office for National Statistics, at the 2001 census there were over a million black people in the United Kingdom; 1% of the total population described themselves as "Black Caribbean", 0.8% as "Black African", and 0.2% as "Black other". Britain encouraged the immigration of workers from the Caribbean aft...
What percentage of the population was "Black Caribbean"?
{ "answer_start": [ 130 ], "text": [ "1%" ] }
5706c2370eeca41400aa0e05
Black_people
According to the Office for National Statistics, at the 2001 census there were over a million black people in the United Kingdom; 1% of the total population described themselves as "Black Caribbean", 0.8% as "Black African", and 0.2% as "Black other". Britain encouraged the immigration of workers from the Caribbean aft...
What percentage of the population was "Black African"?
{ "answer_start": [ 200 ], "text": [ "0.8%" ] }
5706c2370eeca41400aa0e06
Black_people
According to the Office for National Statistics, at the 2001 census there were over a million black people in the United Kingdom; 1% of the total population described themselves as "Black Caribbean", 0.8% as "Black African", and 0.2% as "Black other". Britain encouraged the immigration of workers from the Caribbean aft...
What percentage of the population was "Black other"?
{ "answer_start": [ 229 ], "text": [ "0.2%" ] }
5706c2370eeca41400aa0e07
Black_people
According to the Office for National Statistics, at the 2001 census there were over a million black people in the United Kingdom; 1% of the total population described themselves as "Black Caribbean", 0.8% as "Black African", and 0.2% as "Black other". Britain encouraged the immigration of workers from the Caribbean aft...
When did Britain encourage immigration of workers?
{ "answer_start": [ 317 ], "text": [ "after World War II" ] }
5706c2a60eeca41400aa0e0d
Black_people
As African states became independent in the 1960s, the Soviet Union offered many of their citizens the chance to study in Russia. Over a period of 40 years, about 400,000 African students from various countries moved to Russia to pursue higher studies, including many Black Africans. This extended beyond the Soviet Unio...
When did African states become independent?
{ "answer_start": [ 44 ], "text": [ "1960s" ] }
5706c2a60eeca41400aa0e0e
Black_people
As African states became independent in the 1960s, the Soviet Union offered many of their citizens the chance to study in Russia. Over a period of 40 years, about 400,000 African students from various countries moved to Russia to pursue higher studies, including many Black Africans. This extended beyond the Soviet Unio...
Who offered many Africans a chance to study in their country?
{ "answer_start": [ 55 ], "text": [ "Soviet Union" ] }
5706c2a60eeca41400aa0e0f
Black_people
As African states became independent in the 1960s, the Soviet Union offered many of their citizens the chance to study in Russia. Over a period of 40 years, about 400,000 African students from various countries moved to Russia to pursue higher studies, including many Black Africans. This extended beyond the Soviet Unio...
How many students moved from Africa to Russia?
{ "answer_start": [ 157 ], "text": [ "about 400,000" ] }
5706c2a60eeca41400aa0e10
Black_people
As African states became independent in the 1960s, the Soviet Union offered many of their citizens the chance to study in Russia. Over a period of 40 years, about 400,000 African students from various countries moved to Russia to pursue higher studies, including many Black Africans. This extended beyond the Soviet Unio...
Why did students move to Russia?
{ "answer_start": [ 227 ], "text": [ "to pursue higher studies" ] }
5706c2a60eeca41400aa0e11
Black_people
As African states became independent in the 1960s, the Soviet Union offered many of their citizens the chance to study in Russia. Over a period of 40 years, about 400,000 African students from various countries moved to Russia to pursue higher studies, including many Black Africans. This extended beyond the Soviet Unio...
Migration to Russia continued into many countries where?
{ "answer_start": [ 347 ], "text": [ "Eastern bloc." ] }
5706c30b0eeca41400aa0e17
Black_people
Due to the Ottoman slave trade that had flourished in the Balkans, the coastal town of Ulcinj in Montenegro had its own black community. As a consequence of the slave trade and privateer activity, it is told how until 1878 in Ulcinj 100 black people lived. The Ottoman Army also deployed an estimated 30,000 Black Africa...
Where did the Ottoman slave trade flourish?
{ "answer_start": [ 51 ], "text": [ "in the Balkans" ] }
5706c30b0eeca41400aa0e18
Black_people
Due to the Ottoman slave trade that had flourished in the Balkans, the coastal town of Ulcinj in Montenegro had its own black community. As a consequence of the slave trade and privateer activity, it is told how until 1878 in Ulcinj 100 black people lived. The Ottoman Army also deployed an estimated 30,000 Black Africa...
What town had it's own black community?
{ "answer_start": [ 87 ], "text": [ "Ulcinj" ] }
5706c30b0eeca41400aa0e19
Black_people
Due to the Ottoman slave trade that had flourished in the Balkans, the coastal town of Ulcinj in Montenegro had its own black community. As a consequence of the slave trade and privateer activity, it is told how until 1878 in Ulcinj 100 black people lived. The Ottoman Army also deployed an estimated 30,000 Black Africa...
What country is Ulcinj in?
{ "answer_start": [ 97 ], "text": [ "Montenegro" ] }
5706c30b0eeca41400aa0e1a
Black_people
Due to the Ottoman slave trade that had flourished in the Balkans, the coastal town of Ulcinj in Montenegro had its own black community. As a consequence of the slave trade and privateer activity, it is told how until 1878 in Ulcinj 100 black people lived. The Ottoman Army also deployed an estimated 30,000 Black Africa...
How many black people lived in Ulcinj until 1878?
{ "answer_start": [ 233 ], "text": [ "100" ] }
5706c30b0eeca41400aa0e1b
Black_people
Due to the Ottoman slave trade that had flourished in the Balkans, the coastal town of Ulcinj in Montenegro had its own black community. As a consequence of the slave trade and privateer activity, it is told how until 1878 in Ulcinj 100 black people lived. The Ottoman Army also deployed an estimated 30,000 Black Africa...
How many blacks served in the Ottoman Army during the Austro-Turkish War of 1716-18?
{ "answer_start": [ 288 ], "text": [ "an estimated 30,000" ] }
5706cb470eeca41400aa0e2f
Black_people
Indigenous Australians have been referred to as "black people" in Australia since the early days of European settlement. While originally related to skin colour, the term is used to today to indicate Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander ancestry in general and can refer to people of any skin pigmentation.
Who has been referred to as "black people"?
{ "answer_start": [ 0 ], "text": [ "Indigenous Australians" ] }
5706cb470eeca41400aa0e30
Black_people
Indigenous Australians have been referred to as "black people" in Australia since the early days of European settlement. While originally related to skin colour, the term is used to today to indicate Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander ancestry in general and can refer to people of any skin pigmentation.
What was the original term related to?
{ "answer_start": [ 149 ], "text": [ "skin colour" ] }
5706cb470eeca41400aa0e31
Black_people
Indigenous Australians have been referred to as "black people" in Australia since the early days of European settlement. While originally related to skin colour, the term is used to today to indicate Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander ancestry in general and can refer to people of any skin pigmentation.
Since when have Indigenous Australians been referred to as black?
{ "answer_start": [ 76 ], "text": [ "since the early days of European settlement" ] }
5706cb470eeca41400aa0e32
Black_people
Indigenous Australians have been referred to as "black people" in Australia since the early days of European settlement. While originally related to skin colour, the term is used to today to indicate Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander ancestry in general and can refer to people of any skin pigmentation.
What does the term relate to know in reference to Australians?
{ "answer_start": [ 188 ], "text": [ "to indicate Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander ancestry" ] }
5706cbc50eeca41400aa0e37
Black_people
Being identified as either "black" or "white" in Australia during the 19th and early 20th centuries was critical in one's employment and social prospects. Various state-based Aboriginal Protection Boards were established which had virtually complete control over the lives of Indigenous Australians – where they lived, t...
What was established to control the Indigenous Australians?
{ "answer_start": [ 175 ], "text": [ "Aboriginal Protection Boards" ] }
5706cbc50eeca41400aa0e38
Black_people
Being identified as either "black" or "white" in Australia during the 19th and early 20th centuries was critical in one's employment and social prospects. Various state-based Aboriginal Protection Boards were established which had virtually complete control over the lives of Indigenous Australians – where they lived, t...
What did the Aboriginal Protection Boards control?
{ "answer_start": [ 301 ], "text": [ "where they lived, their employment, marriage, education and included the power to separate children from their parents." ] }
5706cbc50eeca41400aa0e39
Black_people
Being identified as either "black" or "white" in Australia during the 19th and early 20th centuries was critical in one's employment and social prospects. Various state-based Aboriginal Protection Boards were established which had virtually complete control over the lives of Indigenous Australians – where they lived, t...
Were Aborigines allowed to vote?
{ "answer_start": [ 421 ], "text": [ "Aborigines were not allowed to vote" ] }
5706cbc50eeca41400aa0e3a
Black_people
Being identified as either "black" or "white" in Australia during the 19th and early 20th centuries was critical in one's employment and social prospects. Various state-based Aboriginal Protection Boards were established which had virtually complete control over the lives of Indigenous Australians – where they lived, t...
Who reported how the Aborigines were treated?
{ "answer_start": [ 644 ], "text": [ "Sir Baldwin Spencer" ] }
5706cbc50eeca41400aa0e3b
Black_people
Being identified as either "black" or "white" in Australia during the 19th and early 20th centuries was critical in one's employment and social prospects. Various state-based Aboriginal Protection Boards were established which had virtually complete control over the lives of Indigenous Australians – where they lived, t...
What year was his report from?
{ "answer_start": [ 629 ], "text": [ "1913" ] }
5706cd480eeca41400aa0e41
Black_people
After the First World War, however, it became apparent that the number of mixed-race people was growing at a faster rate than the white population, and by 1930 fear of the "half-caste menace" undermining the White Australia ideal from within was being taken as a serious concern. Dr. Cecil Cook, the Northern Territory P...
Which race was growing faster after the First World War?
{ "answer_start": [ 74 ], "text": [ "mixed-race people" ] }
5706cd480eeca41400aa0e42
Black_people
After the First World War, however, it became apparent that the number of mixed-race people was growing at a faster rate than the white population, and by 1930 fear of the "half-caste menace" undermining the White Australia ideal from within was being taken as a serious concern. Dr. Cecil Cook, the Northern Territory P...
What did people fear in 1930?
{ "answer_start": [ 172 ], "text": [ "\"half-caste menace\"" ] }
5706cd480eeca41400aa0e43
Black_people
After the First World War, however, it became apparent that the number of mixed-race people was growing at a faster rate than the white population, and by 1930 fear of the "half-caste menace" undermining the White Australia ideal from within was being taken as a serious concern. Dr. Cecil Cook, the Northern Territory P...
What did this menace undermine?
{ "answer_start": [ 204 ], "text": [ "the White Australia ideal" ] }
5706cd480eeca41400aa0e44
Black_people
After the First World War, however, it became apparent that the number of mixed-race people was growing at a faster rate than the white population, and by 1930 fear of the "half-caste menace" undermining the White Australia ideal from within was being taken as a serious concern. Dr. Cecil Cook, the Northern Territory P...
Who noted this particular fear?
{ "answer_start": [ 280 ], "text": [ "Dr. Cecil Cook" ] }
5706cd480eeca41400aa0e45
Black_people
After the First World War, however, it became apparent that the number of mixed-race people was growing at a faster rate than the white population, and by 1930 fear of the "half-caste menace" undermining the White Australia ideal from within was being taken as a serious concern. Dr. Cecil Cook, the Northern Territory P...
Who is Dr. Cecil Cook?
{ "answer_start": [ 296 ], "text": [ "the Northern Territory Protector of Natives," ] }
5706ce092eaba6190074ad0c
Black_people
The official policy became one of biological and cultural assimilation: "Eliminate the full-blood and permit the white admixture to half-castes and eventually the race will become white". This led to different treatment for "black" and "half-caste" individuals, with lighter-skinned individuals targeted for removal from...
Who did the government want raised as white?
{ "answer_start": [ 236 ], "text": [ "\"half-caste\" individuals" ] }
5706ce092eaba6190074ad0d
Black_people
The official policy became one of biological and cultural assimilation: "Eliminate the full-blood and permit the white admixture to half-castes and eventually the race will become white". This led to different treatment for "black" and "half-caste" individuals, with lighter-skinned individuals targeted for removal from...
What was the goal of removing mixed races from their homes?
{ "answer_start": [ 73 ], "text": [ "Eliminate the full-blood and permit the white admixture to half-castes and eventually the race will become white\"" ] }
5706ce092eaba6190074ad0e
Black_people
The official policy became one of biological and cultural assimilation: "Eliminate the full-blood and permit the white admixture to half-castes and eventually the race will become white". This led to different treatment for "black" and "half-caste" individuals, with lighter-skinned individuals targeted for removal from...
What were the mixed race individuals kept from doing?
{ "answer_start": [ 384 ], "text": [ "speaking their native language and practising traditional customs" ] }
5706ce092eaba6190074ad0f
Black_people
The official policy became one of biological and cultural assimilation: "Eliminate the full-blood and permit the white admixture to half-castes and eventually the race will become white". This led to different treatment for "black" and "half-caste" individuals, with lighter-skinned individuals targeted for removal from...
What was this process referred to?
{ "answer_start": [ 474 ], "text": [ "the Stolen Generation" ] }
5706cee50eeca41400aa0e4b
Black_people
The second half of the 20th century to the present has seen a gradual shift towards improved human rights for Aboriginal people. In a 1967 referendum over 90% of the Australian population voted to end constitutional discrimination and to include Aborigines in the national census. During this period many Aboriginal acti...
When did human rights for Aboriginal people begin to improve?
{ "answer_start": [ 0 ], "text": [ "The second half of the 20th century" ] }
5706cee50eeca41400aa0e4c
Black_people
The second half of the 20th century to the present has seen a gradual shift towards improved human rights for Aboriginal people. In a 1967 referendum over 90% of the Australian population voted to end constitutional discrimination and to include Aborigines in the national census. During this period many Aboriginal acti...
What year was constitutional discrimination ended?
{ "answer_start": [ 134 ], "text": [ "1967" ] }
5706cee50eeca41400aa0e4d
Black_people
The second half of the 20th century to the present has seen a gradual shift towards improved human rights for Aboriginal people. In a 1967 referendum over 90% of the Australian population voted to end constitutional discrimination and to include Aborigines in the national census. During this period many Aboriginal acti...
What else was included in the 1967 referendum?
{ "answer_start": [ 235 ], "text": [ "to include Aborigines in the national census." ] }
5706cee50eeca41400aa0e4e
Black_people
The second half of the 20th century to the present has seen a gradual shift towards improved human rights for Aboriginal people. In a 1967 referendum over 90% of the Australian population voted to end constitutional discrimination and to include Aborigines in the national census. During this period many Aboriginal acti...
What term was embraced during this period?
{ "answer_start": [ 352 ], "text": [ "\"black\"" ] }
5706cee50eeca41400aa0e4f
Black_people
The second half of the 20th century to the present has seen a gradual shift towards improved human rights for Aboriginal people. In a 1967 referendum over 90% of the Australian population voted to end constitutional discrimination and to include Aborigines in the national census. During this period many Aboriginal acti...
Who said the Aboriginal people started to embrace their ancestry?
{ "answer_start": [ 405 ], "text": [ "Activist Bob Maza" ] }
5706cf6e0eeca41400aa0e55
Black_people
In 1978 Aboriginal writer Kevin Gilbert received the National Book Council award for his book Living Black: Blacks Talk to Kevin Gilbert, a collection of Aboriginal people's stories, and in 1998 was awarded (but refused to accept) the Human Rights Award for Literature for Inside Black Australia, a poetry anthology and ...
Who wrote "Living Black?
{ "answer_start": [ 26 ], "text": [ "Kevin Gilbert" ] }
5706cf6e0eeca41400aa0e56
Black_people
In 1978 Aboriginal writer Kevin Gilbert received the National Book Council award for his book Living Black: Blacks Talk to Kevin Gilbert, a collection of Aboriginal people's stories, and in 1998 was awarded (but refused to accept) the Human Rights Award for Literature for Inside Black Australia, a poetry anthology and ...
What year was Gilbert awarded for his efforts?
{ "answer_start": [ 3 ], "text": [ "1978" ] }
5706cf6e0eeca41400aa0e57
Black_people
In 1978 Aboriginal writer Kevin Gilbert received the National Book Council award for his book Living Black: Blacks Talk to Kevin Gilbert, a collection of Aboriginal people's stories, and in 1998 was awarded (but refused to accept) the Human Rights Award for Literature for Inside Black Australia, a poetry anthology and ...
What was Living Black about?
{ "answer_start": [ 138 ], "text": [ "a collection of Aboriginal people's stories" ] }
5706cf6e0eeca41400aa0e58
Black_people
In 1978 Aboriginal writer Kevin Gilbert received the National Book Council award for his book Living Black: Blacks Talk to Kevin Gilbert, a collection of Aboriginal people's stories, and in 1998 was awarded (but refused to accept) the Human Rights Award for Literature for Inside Black Australia, a poetry anthology and ...
What award did Gilbert refuse in 1998?
{ "answer_start": [ 231 ], "text": [ "the Human Rights Award for Literature" ] }
5706cf6e0eeca41400aa0e59
Black_people
In 1978 Aboriginal writer Kevin Gilbert received the National Book Council award for his book Living Black: Blacks Talk to Kevin Gilbert, a collection of Aboriginal people's stories, and in 1998 was awarded (but refused to accept) the Human Rights Award for Literature for Inside Black Australia, a poetry anthology and ...
What was the award in 1998 for?
{ "answer_start": [ 273 ], "text": [ "Inside Black Australia" ] }
5706e4d990286e26004fc727
Black_people
This nationwide acceptance and recognition of Aboriginal people led to a significant increase in the number of people self-identifying as Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander. The reappropriation of the term "black" with a positive and more inclusive meaning has resulted in its widespread use in mainstream Australian c...
What did the improvements in quality of life increase?
{ "answer_start": [ 111 ], "text": [ "people self-identifying as Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander" ] }
5706e4d990286e26004fc728
Black_people
This nationwide acceptance and recognition of Aboriginal people led to a significant increase in the number of people self-identifying as Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander. The reappropriation of the term "black" with a positive and more inclusive meaning has resulted in its widespread use in mainstream Australian c...
What has the reappropriation of the word "black" done?
{ "answer_start": [ 263 ], "text": [ "resulted in its widespread use in mainstream Australian culture," ] }
5706e4d990286e26004fc729
Black_people
This nationwide acceptance and recognition of Aboriginal people led to a significant increase in the number of people self-identifying as Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander. The reappropriation of the term "black" with a positive and more inclusive meaning has resulted in its widespread use in mainstream Australian c...
In what year were there several cases that helped to redefine Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander?
{ "answer_start": [ 407 ], "text": [ "2012" ] }
5706e4d990286e26004fc72a
Black_people
This nationwide acceptance and recognition of Aboriginal people led to a significant increase in the number of people self-identifying as Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander. The reappropriation of the term "black" with a positive and more inclusive meaning has resulted in its widespread use in mainstream Australian c...
What well known boxer was criticized for question someone's blackness?
{ "answer_start": [ 603 ], "text": [ "Anthony Mundine" ] }