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570a61f14103511400d596a4
Emotion
A distinction can be made between emotional episodes and emotional dispositions. Emotional dispositions are also comparable to character traits, where someone may be said to be generally disposed to experience certain emotions. For example, an irritable person is generally disposed to feel irritation more easily or qui...
What category is defined to contain pleasure, pain, motivation, moods and dispositions?
{ "answer_start": [ 415 ], "text": [ "affective states" ] }
570a628a4103511400d596a8
Emotion
The idea that core affect is but one component of the emotion led to a theory called “psychological construction.” According to this theory, an emotional episode consists of a set of components, each of which is an ongoing process and none of which is necessary or sufficient for the emotion to be instantiated. The set ...
What theory sees an emotional episode as consisting of components?
{ "answer_start": [ 86 ], "text": [ "psychological construction" ] }
570a628a4103511400d596a9
Emotion
The idea that core affect is but one component of the emotion led to a theory called “psychological construction.” According to this theory, an emotional episode consists of a set of components, each of which is an ongoing process and none of which is necessary or sufficient for the emotion to be instantiated. The set ...
At what point does psychological construction theory believe the components of an emotion are put together?
{ "answer_start": [ 459 ], "text": [ "at the moment of its occurrence" ] }
570a628a4103511400d596aa
Emotion
The idea that core affect is but one component of the emotion led to a theory called “psychological construction.” According to this theory, an emotional episode consists of a set of components, each of which is an ongoing process and none of which is necessary or sufficient for the emotion to be instantiated. The set ...
What is an example of an emotion that, under psychological construction theory, is not the same from one case to another?
{ "answer_start": [ 578 ], "text": [ "fear" ] }
570a631b6d058f1900182df6
Emotion
Walter Bradford Cannon agreed that physiological responses played a crucial role in emotions, but did not believe that physiological responses alone could explain subjective emotional experiences. He argued that physiological responses were too slow and often imperceptible and this could not account for the relatively ...
Who argued that physiological responses were insufficient to explain emotional experiences?
{ "answer_start": [ 0 ], "text": [ "Walter Bradford Cannon" ] }
570a631b6d058f1900182df7
Emotion
Walter Bradford Cannon agreed that physiological responses played a crucial role in emotions, but did not believe that physiological responses alone could explain subjective emotional experiences. He argued that physiological responses were too slow and often imperceptible and this could not account for the relatively ...
Along with the physiological response, what did Cannon believe was triggered by an emotional event?
{ "answer_start": [ 714 ], "text": [ "a conscious experience of an emotion" ] }
570a631b6d058f1900182df8
Emotion
Walter Bradford Cannon agreed that physiological responses played a crucial role in emotions, but did not believe that physiological responses alone could explain subjective emotional experiences. He argued that physiological responses were too slow and often imperceptible and this could not account for the relatively ...
Why did Cannon believe that physiological responses were insufficient cause for emotions?
{ "answer_start": [ 241 ], "text": [ "too slow and often imperceptible" ] }
570a638e4103511400d596ae
Emotion
A situated perspective on emotion, developed by Paul E. Griffiths and Andrea Scarantino , emphasizes the importance of external factors in the development and communication of emotion, drawing upon the situationism approach in psychology. This theory is markedly different from both cognitivist and neo-Jamesian theories...
Who developed a situated perspective on emotion along with Andrea Scarantino?
{ "answer_start": [ 48 ], "text": [ "Paul E. Griffiths" ] }
570a638e4103511400d596af
Emotion
A situated perspective on emotion, developed by Paul E. Griffiths and Andrea Scarantino , emphasizes the importance of external factors in the development and communication of emotion, drawing upon the situationism approach in psychology. This theory is markedly different from both cognitivist and neo-Jamesian theories...
What factors did the situated perspective believe to be most important?
{ "answer_start": [ 119 ], "text": [ "external" ] }
570a638e4103511400d596b0
Emotion
A situated perspective on emotion, developed by Paul E. Griffiths and Andrea Scarantino , emphasizes the importance of external factors in the development and communication of emotion, drawing upon the situationism approach in psychology. This theory is markedly different from both cognitivist and neo-Jamesian theories...
The situated perspective was influenced by what school of thought?
{ "answer_start": [ 202 ], "text": [ "situationism" ] }
570a638e4103511400d596b1
Emotion
A situated perspective on emotion, developed by Paul E. Griffiths and Andrea Scarantino , emphasizes the importance of external factors in the development and communication of emotion, drawing upon the situationism approach in psychology. This theory is markedly different from both cognitivist and neo-Jamesian theories...
Along with infant and animal emotion, what did Scarantino and Griffiths believe the situated perspective could help to explain?
{ "answer_start": [ 1191 ], "text": [ "phobias" ] }
570a64106d058f1900182dfc
Emotion
Emotions are thought to be related to certain activities in brain areas that direct our attention, motivate our behavior, and determine the significance of what is going on around us. Pioneering work by Broca (1878), Papez (1937), and MacLean (1952) suggested that emotion is related to a group of structures in the cent...
When did Broca publish his pioneering work?
{ "answer_start": [ 210 ], "text": [ "1878" ] }
570a64106d058f1900182dfd
Emotion
Emotions are thought to be related to certain activities in brain areas that direct our attention, motivate our behavior, and determine the significance of what is going on around us. Pioneering work by Broca (1878), Papez (1937), and MacLean (1952) suggested that emotion is related to a group of structures in the cent...
Who published a work in 1937 on the relationship between emotion and the limbic system?
{ "answer_start": [ 217 ], "text": [ "Papez" ] }
570a64106d058f1900182dfe
Emotion
Emotions are thought to be related to certain activities in brain areas that direct our attention, motivate our behavior, and determine the significance of what is going on around us. Pioneering work by Broca (1878), Papez (1937), and MacLean (1952) suggested that emotion is related to a group of structures in the cent...
Along with the cingulate cortex and hippocampi, what structure is a notable part of the limbic system?
{ "answer_start": [ 381 ], "text": [ "hypothalamus" ] }
570a64c64103511400d596c0
Emotion
In philosophy, emotions are studied in sub-fields such as ethics, the philosophy of art (for example, sensory–emotional values, and matters of taste and sentimentality), and the philosophy of music (see also Music and emotion). In history, scholars examine documents and other sources to interpret and analyze past activ...
Along with the philosophies of music and art, what field of philosophy studies emotions?
{ "answer_start": [ 58 ], "text": [ "ethics" ] }
570a64c64103511400d596c1
Emotion
In philosophy, emotions are studied in sub-fields such as ethics, the philosophy of art (for example, sensory–emotional values, and matters of taste and sentimentality), and the philosophy of music (see also Music and emotion). In history, scholars examine documents and other sources to interpret and analyze past activ...
Along with drama and melodrama, in what filmmaking genre does emotion play an important role?
{ "answer_start": [ 556 ], "text": [ "romance" ] }
570a64c64103511400d596c2
Emotion
In philosophy, emotions are studied in sub-fields such as ethics, the philosophy of art (for example, sensory–emotional values, and matters of taste and sentimentality), and the philosophy of music (see also Music and emotion). In history, scholars examine documents and other sources to interpret and analyze past activ...
Of what discipline is ethology a branch?
{ "answer_start": [ 748 ], "text": [ "zoology" ] }
570a64c64103511400d596c3
Emotion
In philosophy, emotions are studied in sub-fields such as ethics, the philosophy of art (for example, sensory–emotional values, and matters of taste and sentimentality), and the philosophy of music (see also Music and emotion). In history, scholars examine documents and other sources to interpret and analyze past activ...
Along with laboratory work, what does an ethologist engage in?
{ "answer_start": [ 858 ], "text": [ "field science" ] }
570a64c64103511400d596c4
Emotion
In philosophy, emotions are studied in sub-fields such as ethics, the philosophy of art (for example, sensory–emotional values, and matters of taste and sentimentality), and the philosophy of music (see also Music and emotion). In history, scholars examine documents and other sources to interpret and analyze past activ...
Along with evolution, what area of study is ethology tied to?
{ "answer_start": [ 893 ], "text": [ "ecology" ] }
570a65b56d058f1900182e02
Emotion
Sociological attention to emotion has varied over time. Emilé Durkheim (1915/1965) wrote about the collective effervescence or emotional energy that was experienced by members of totemic rituals in Australian aborigine society. He explained how the heightened state of emotional energy achieved during totemic rituals tr...
Who discussed the idea of a collective effervescence?
{ "answer_start": [ 56 ], "text": [ "Emilé Durkheim" ] }
570a65b56d058f1900182e03
Emotion
Sociological attention to emotion has varied over time. Emilé Durkheim (1915/1965) wrote about the collective effervescence or emotional energy that was experienced by members of totemic rituals in Australian aborigine society. He explained how the heightened state of emotional energy achieved during totemic rituals tr...
What society was studied to describe the notion of collective effervescence?
{ "answer_start": [ 198 ], "text": [ "Australian aborigine society" ] }
570a65b56d058f1900182e04
Emotion
Sociological attention to emotion has varied over time. Emilé Durkheim (1915/1965) wrote about the collective effervescence or emotional energy that was experienced by members of totemic rituals in Australian aborigine society. He explained how the heightened state of emotional energy achieved during totemic rituals tr...
Durkheim saw collective effervescence in what Australian aboriginal activity?
{ "answer_start": [ 179 ], "text": [ "totemic rituals" ] }
570a65b56d058f1900182e05
Emotion
Sociological attention to emotion has varied over time. Emilé Durkheim (1915/1965) wrote about the collective effervescence or emotional energy that was experienced by members of totemic rituals in Australian aborigine society. He explained how the heightened state of emotional energy achieved during totemic rituals tr...
What is another term for collective effervescence?
{ "answer_start": [ 127 ], "text": [ "emotional energy" ] }
570a661f6d058f1900182e0a
Emotion
Some of the most influential theorists on emotion from the 20th century have died in the last decade. They include Magda B. Arnold (1903–2002), an American psychologist who developed the appraisal theory of emotions; Richard Lazarus (1922–2002), an American psychologist who specialized in emotion and stress, especially...
What theory was developed by Arnold?
{ "answer_start": [ 183 ], "text": [ "the appraisal theory of emotions" ] }
570a661f6d058f1900182e0b
Emotion
Some of the most influential theorists on emotion from the 20th century have died in the last decade. They include Magda B. Arnold (1903–2002), an American psychologist who developed the appraisal theory of emotions; Richard Lazarus (1922–2002), an American psychologist who specialized in emotion and stress, especially...
When did Richard Lazarus die?
{ "answer_start": [ 239 ], "text": [ "2002" ] }
570a661f6d058f1900182e0c
Emotion
Some of the most influential theorists on emotion from the 20th century have died in the last decade. They include Magda B. Arnold (1903–2002), an American psychologist who developed the appraisal theory of emotions; Richard Lazarus (1922–2002), an American psychologist who specialized in emotion and stress, especially...
Who wrote 'What Is An Emotion?'?
{ "answer_start": [ 700 ], "text": [ "Robert C. Solomon" ] }
570a661f6d058f1900182e0d
Emotion
Some of the most influential theorists on emotion from the 20th century have died in the last decade. They include Magda B. Arnold (1903–2002), an American psychologist who developed the appraisal theory of emotions; Richard Lazarus (1922–2002), an American psychologist who specialized in emotion and stress, especially...
Who published What Is An Emotion?: Classic and Contemporary Readings?
{ "answer_start": [ 892 ], "text": [ "Oxford" ] }
570a661f6d058f1900182e0e
Emotion
Some of the most influential theorists on emotion from the 20th century have died in the last decade. They include Magda B. Arnold (1903–2002), an American psychologist who developed the appraisal theory of emotions; Richard Lazarus (1922–2002), an American psychologist who specialized in emotion and stress, especially...
What is Nico Frijda's nationality?
{ "answer_start": [ 1050 ], "text": [ "Dutch" ] }
570a66fd4103511400d596d2
Emotion
The word "emotion" dates back to 1579, when it was adapted from the French word émouvoir, which means "to stir up". The term emotion was introduced into academic discussion to replace passion. According to one dictionary, the earliest precursors of the word likely dates back to the very origins of language. The modern ...
When did the word emotion enter the English language?
{ "answer_start": [ 33 ], "text": [ "1579" ] }
570a66fd4103511400d596d3
Emotion
The word "emotion" dates back to 1579, when it was adapted from the French word émouvoir, which means "to stir up". The term emotion was introduced into academic discussion to replace passion. According to one dictionary, the earliest precursors of the word likely dates back to the very origins of language. The modern ...
From what French word is emotion derived?
{ "answer_start": [ 80 ], "text": [ "émouvoir" ] }
570a66fd4103511400d596d4
Emotion
The word "emotion" dates back to 1579, when it was adapted from the French word émouvoir, which means "to stir up". The term emotion was introduced into academic discussion to replace passion. According to one dictionary, the earliest precursors of the word likely dates back to the very origins of language. The modern ...
What does émouvoir mean in English?
{ "answer_start": [ 103 ], "text": [ "to stir up" ] }
570a66fd4103511400d596d5
Emotion
The word "emotion" dates back to 1579, when it was adapted from the French word émouvoir, which means "to stir up". The term emotion was introduced into academic discussion to replace passion. According to one dictionary, the earliest precursors of the word likely dates back to the very origins of language. The modern ...
Prior to the introduction of the word emotion, what word was used in its place?
{ "answer_start": [ 184 ], "text": [ "passion" ] }
570a66fd4103511400d596d6
Emotion
The word "emotion" dates back to 1579, when it was adapted from the French word émouvoir, which means "to stir up". The term emotion was introduced into academic discussion to replace passion. According to one dictionary, the earliest precursors of the word likely dates back to the very origins of language. The modern ...
Along with anxiety, what is an example of directionless emotion?
{ "answer_start": [ 615 ], "text": [ "depression" ] }
570a68426d058f1900182e1e
Emotion
Phillip Bard contributed to the theory with his work on animals. Bard found that sensory, motor, and physiological information all had to pass through the diencephalon (particularly the thalamus), before being subjected to any further processing. Therefore, Cannon also argued that it was not anatomically possible for s...
What is the thalamus a part of?
{ "answer_start": [ 151 ], "text": [ "the diencephalon" ] }
570a68426d058f1900182e1f
Emotion
Phillip Bard contributed to the theory with his work on animals. Bard found that sensory, motor, and physiological information all had to pass through the diencephalon (particularly the thalamus), before being subjected to any further processing. Therefore, Cannon also argued that it was not anatomically possible for s...
Who argued that an emotional stimulus triggered experiential and physiological responses to emotions at the same time?
{ "answer_start": [ 258 ], "text": [ "Cannon" ] }
570a68426d058f1900182e20
Emotion
Phillip Bard contributed to the theory with his work on animals. Bard found that sensory, motor, and physiological information all had to pass through the diencephalon (particularly the thalamus), before being subjected to any further processing. Therefore, Cannon also argued that it was not anatomically possible for s...
What creatures did Bard experiment on?
{ "answer_start": [ 56 ], "text": [ "animals" ] }
570a68426d058f1900182e21
Emotion
Phillip Bard contributed to the theory with his work on animals. Bard found that sensory, motor, and physiological information all had to pass through the diencephalon (particularly the thalamus), before being subjected to any further processing. Therefore, Cannon also argued that it was not anatomically possible for s...
Along with sensory and motor information, what information had to pass through the diencephalon before being processed?
{ "answer_start": [ 101 ], "text": [ "physiological" ] }
570a68cf6d058f1900182e26
Emotion
There are some theories on emotions arguing that cognitive activity in the form of judgments, evaluations, or thoughts are necessary in order for an emotion to occur. A prominent philosophical exponent is Robert C. Solomon (for example, The Passions, Emotions and the Meaning of Life, 1993). Solomon claims that emotions...
Who wrote The Passions, Emotions and the Meaning of Life?
{ "answer_start": [ 205 ], "text": [ "Robert C. Solomon" ] }
570a68cf6d058f1900182e27
Emotion
There are some theories on emotions arguing that cognitive activity in the form of judgments, evaluations, or thoughts are necessary in order for an emotion to occur. A prominent philosophical exponent is Robert C. Solomon (for example, The Passions, Emotions and the Meaning of Life, 1993). Solomon claims that emotions...
In what year was The Passions, Emotions and the Meaning of Life published?
{ "answer_start": [ 285 ], "text": [ "1993" ] }
570a68cf6d058f1900182e28
Emotion
There are some theories on emotions arguing that cognitive activity in the form of judgments, evaluations, or thoughts are necessary in order for an emotion to occur. A prominent philosophical exponent is Robert C. Solomon (for example, The Passions, Emotions and the Meaning of Life, 1993). Solomon claims that emotions...
What does Solomon believe emotions to be?
{ "answer_start": [ 325 ], "text": [ "judgments" ] }
570a68cf6d058f1900182e29
Emotion
There are some theories on emotions arguing that cognitive activity in the form of judgments, evaluations, or thoughts are necessary in order for an emotion to occur. A prominent philosophical exponent is Robert C. Solomon (for example, The Passions, Emotions and the Meaning of Life, 1993). Solomon claims that emotions...
Whose theory discussed action tendencies?
{ "answer_start": [ 610 ], "text": [ "Nico Frijda" ] }
570a68cf6d058f1900182e2a
Emotion
There are some theories on emotions arguing that cognitive activity in the form of judgments, evaluations, or thoughts are necessary in order for an emotion to occur. A prominent philosophical exponent is Robert C. Solomon (for example, The Passions, Emotions and the Meaning of Life, 1993). Solomon claims that emotions...
The idea that judgment can't be identified with emotion is an objection to what school of thought?
{ "answer_start": [ 440 ], "text": [ "cognitivism" ] }
570a6c176d058f1900182e4c
Emotion
Emotions can motivate social interactions and relationships and therefore are directly related with basic physiology, particularly with the stress systems. This is important because emotions are related to the anti-stress complex, with an oxytocin-attachment system, which plays a major role in bonding. Emotional phenot...
Who researched the role of emotional phenotype temperaments on social connectedness?
{ "answer_start": [ 404 ], "text": [ "Kurt Kortschal" ] }
570a6c176d058f1900182e4d
Emotion
Emotions can motivate social interactions and relationships and therefore are directly related with basic physiology, particularly with the stress systems. This is important because emotions are related to the anti-stress complex, with an oxytocin-attachment system, which plays a major role in bonding. Emotional phenot...
From where do zygotes derive their genetic information?
{ "answer_start": [ 719 ], "text": [ "their parental germ cells" ] }
570a6c176d058f1900182e4e
Emotion
Emotions can motivate social interactions and relationships and therefore are directly related with basic physiology, particularly with the stress systems. This is important because emotions are related to the anti-stress complex, with an oxytocin-attachment system, which plays a major role in bonding. Emotional phenot...
What percentage of difference is there between the genetic material of humans and the genetic material of chimpanzees?
{ "answer_start": [ 1059 ], "text": [ "1.2%" ] }
570a6c176d058f1900182e4f
Emotion
Emotions can motivate social interactions and relationships and therefore are directly related with basic physiology, particularly with the stress systems. This is important because emotions are related to the anti-stress complex, with an oxytocin-attachment system, which plays a major role in bonding. Emotional phenot...
How many million years ago did the evolution of chimpanzees and humans diverge?
{ "answer_start": [ 963 ], "text": [ "five" ] }
570a6c176d058f1900182e50
Emotion
Emotions can motivate social interactions and relationships and therefore are directly related with basic physiology, particularly with the stress systems. This is important because emotions are related to the anti-stress complex, with an oxytocin-attachment system, which plays a major role in bonding. Emotional phenot...
About how long ago did modern human beings first come into existence?
{ "answer_start": [ 1878 ], "text": [ "200,000 years" ] }
570a6db44103511400d596f0
Emotion
Emotion, in everyday speech, is any relatively brief conscious experience characterized by intense mental activity and a high degree of pleasure or displeasure. Scientific discourse has drifted to other meanings and there is no consensus on a definition. Emotion is often intertwined with mood, temperament, personality,...
Along with mood, temperament, disposition and motivation, what is emotion often tied to?
{ "answer_start": [ 308 ], "text": [ "personality" ] }
570a6db44103511400d596f1
Emotion
Emotion, in everyday speech, is any relatively brief conscious experience characterized by intense mental activity and a high degree of pleasure or displeasure. Scientific discourse has drifted to other meanings and there is no consensus on a definition. Emotion is often intertwined with mood, temperament, personality,...
What do some theories see as an important part of emotion?
{ "answer_start": [ 368 ], "text": [ "cognition" ] }
570a6db44103511400d596f2
Emotion
Emotion, in everyday speech, is any relatively brief conscious experience characterized by intense mental activity and a high degree of pleasure or displeasure. Scientific discourse has drifted to other meanings and there is no consensus on a definition. Emotion is often intertwined with mood, temperament, personality,...
Along with sweating and muscle tension, what might be a physiological response to danger?
{ "answer_start": [ 663 ], "text": [ "rapid heartbeat and breathing" ] }
570a6db44103511400d596f3
Emotion
Emotion, in everyday speech, is any relatively brief conscious experience characterized by intense mental activity and a high degree of pleasure or displeasure. Scientific discourse has drifted to other meanings and there is no consensus on a definition. Emotion is often intertwined with mood, temperament, personality,...
Sweating is a product of the arousal of what system?
{ "answer_start": [ 642 ], "text": [ "nervous" ] }
570a6e2f4103511400d596f8
Emotion
Emotions have been described by some theorists as discrete and consistent responses to internal or external events which have a particular significance for the organism. Emotions are brief in duration and consist of a coordinated set of responses, which may include verbal, physiological, behavioural, and neural mechani...
Who described the concept of a continuum of intensity?
{ "answer_start": [ 341 ], "text": [ "Michael C. Graham" ] }
570a6e2f4103511400d596f9
Emotion
Emotions have been described by some theorists as discrete and consistent responses to internal or external events which have a particular significance for the organism. Emotions are brief in duration and consist of a coordinated set of responses, which may include verbal, physiological, behavioural, and neural mechani...
What is Michael Graham's profession?
{ "answer_start": [ 325 ], "text": [ "Psychotherapist" ] }
570a6e2f4103511400d596fa
Emotion
Emotions have been described by some theorists as discrete and consistent responses to internal or external events which have a particular significance for the organism. Emotions are brief in duration and consist of a coordinated set of responses, which may include verbal, physiological, behavioural, and neural mechani...
What is an example of an extreme form of fear?
{ "answer_start": [ 466 ], "text": [ "terror" ] }
570a6e2f4103511400d596fb
Emotion
Emotions have been described by some theorists as discrete and consistent responses to internal or external events which have a particular significance for the organism. Emotions are brief in duration and consist of a coordinated set of responses, which may include verbal, physiological, behavioural, and neural mechani...
What would be an example of mild shame?
{ "answer_start": [ 506 ], "text": [ "embarrassment" ] }
570a6e2f4103511400d596fc
Emotion
Emotions have been described by some theorists as discrete and consistent responses to internal or external events which have a particular significance for the organism. Emotions are brief in duration and consist of a coordinated set of responses, which may include verbal, physiological, behavioural, and neural mechani...
What are non-intense feelings that lack a contextual stimulus called?
{ "answer_start": [ 715 ], "text": [ "Moods" ] }
570a6f236d058f1900182e56
Emotion
For more than 40 years, Paul Ekman has supported the view that emotions are discrete, measurable, and physiologically distinct. Ekman's most influential work revolved around the finding that certain emotions appeared to be universally recognized, even in cultures that were preliterate and could not have learned associa...
Who has argued that emotions are discrete?
{ "answer_start": [ 24 ], "text": [ "Paul Ekman" ] }
570a6f236d058f1900182e57
Emotion
For more than 40 years, Paul Ekman has supported the view that emotions are discrete, measurable, and physiologically distinct. Ekman's most influential work revolved around the finding that certain emotions appeared to be universally recognized, even in cultures that were preliterate and could not have learned associa...
How many basic emotions did Ekman recognize?
{ "answer_start": [ 638 ], "text": [ "six" ] }
570a6f236d058f1900182e58
Emotion
For more than 40 years, Paul Ekman has supported the view that emotions are discrete, measurable, and physiologically distinct. Ekman's most influential work revolved around the finding that certain emotions appeared to be universally recognized, even in cultures that were preliterate and could not have learned associa...
Along with anger, disgust, happiness, sadness and fear, what is one of Ekman's basic emotions?
{ "answer_start": [ 706 ], "text": [ "surprise" ] }
570a6f996d058f1900182e5c
Emotion
Western philosophy regarded emotion in varying ways. In stoic theories it was seen as a hindrance to reason and therefore a hindrance to virtue. Aristotle believed that emotions were an essential component of virtue. In the Aristotelian view all emotions (called passions) corresponded to appetites or capacities. During...
What school of thought saw emotion as an impediment to virtue?
{ "answer_start": [ 56 ], "text": [ "stoic" ] }
570a6f996d058f1900182e5d
Emotion
Western philosophy regarded emotion in varying ways. In stoic theories it was seen as a hindrance to reason and therefore a hindrance to virtue. Aristotle believed that emotions were an essential component of virtue. In the Aristotelian view all emotions (called passions) corresponded to appetites or capacities. During...
What thinker believed that emotions were necessary for virtue?
{ "answer_start": [ 145 ], "text": [ "Aristotle" ] }
570a6f996d058f1900182e5e
Emotion
Western philosophy regarded emotion in varying ways. In stoic theories it was seen as a hindrance to reason and therefore a hindrance to virtue. Aristotle believed that emotions were an essential component of virtue. In the Aristotelian view all emotions (called passions) corresponded to appetites or capacities. During...
What did the Aristotelians call emotions?
{ "answer_start": [ 263 ], "text": [ "passions" ] }
570a6f996d058f1900182e5f
Emotion
Western philosophy regarded emotion in varying ways. In stoic theories it was seen as a hindrance to reason and therefore a hindrance to virtue. Aristotle believed that emotions were an essential component of virtue. In the Aristotelian view all emotions (called passions) corresponded to appetites or capacities. During...
Who was a notable scholastic thinker?
{ "answer_start": [ 415 ], "text": [ "Thomas Aquinas" ] }
570a6f996d058f1900182e60
Emotion
Western philosophy regarded emotion in varying ways. In stoic theories it was seen as a hindrance to reason and therefore a hindrance to virtue. Aristotle believed that emotions were an essential component of virtue. In the Aristotelian view all emotions (called passions) corresponded to appetites or capacities. During...
Along with Descartes, Machiavelli and Hume, what notable philosopher developed a theory of emotions?
{ "answer_start": [ 555 ], "text": [ "Baruch Spinoza" ] }
570a70116d058f1900182e66
Emotion
In his 1884 article William James argued that feelings and emotions were secondary to physiological phenomena. In his theory, James proposed that the perception of what he called an "exciting fact" directly led to a physiological response, known as "emotion." To account for different types of emotional experiences, Jam...
Who wrote that exciting facts lead to emotions?
{ "answer_start": [ 20 ], "text": [ "William James" ] }
570a70116d058f1900182e67
Emotion
In his 1884 article William James argued that feelings and emotions were secondary to physiological phenomena. In his theory, James proposed that the perception of what he called an "exciting fact" directly led to a physiological response, known as "emotion." To account for different types of emotional experiences, Jam...
What did James believe a stimulus act upon to produce emotion?
{ "answer_start": [ 365 ], "text": [ "the autonomic nervous system" ] }
570a70116d058f1900182e68
Emotion
In his 1884 article William James argued that feelings and emotions were secondary to physiological phenomena. In his theory, James proposed that the perception of what he called an "exciting fact" directly led to a physiological response, known as "emotion." To account for different types of emotional experiences, Jam...
What did James believe emotion was synonymous with?
{ "answer_start": [ 630 ], "text": [ "the perception of bodily changes" ] }
570a70116d058f1900182e69
Emotion
In his 1884 article William James argued that feelings and emotions were secondary to physiological phenomena. In his theory, James proposed that the perception of what he called an "exciting fact" directly led to a physiological response, known as "emotion." To account for different types of emotional experiences, Jam...
Who developed a theory similar to that of James?
{ "answer_start": [ 480 ], "text": [ "Carl Lange" ] }
570a70116d058f1900182e6a
Emotion
In his 1884 article William James argued that feelings and emotions were secondary to physiological phenomena. In his theory, James proposed that the perception of what he called an "exciting fact" directly led to a physiological response, known as "emotion." To account for different types of emotional experiences, Jam...
What was the profession of Lange?
{ "answer_start": [ 467 ], "text": [ "psychologist" ] }
570a70f04103511400d5970a
Emotion
The history of emotions has become an increasingly popular topic recently, with some scholars arguing that it is an essential category of analysis, not unlike class, race, or gender. Historians, like other social scientists, assume that emotions, feelings and their expressions are regulated in different ways by both di...
What historical school claims that sentiments and meta-emotions can be learned?
{ "answer_start": [ 373 ], "text": [ "constructivist" ] }
570a70f04103511400d5970b
Emotion
The history of emotions has become an increasingly popular topic recently, with some scholars arguing that it is an essential category of analysis, not unlike class, race, or gender. Historians, like other social scientists, assume that emotions, feelings and their expressions are regulated in different ways by both di...
According to the constructivists, what is an example of a learned meta-emotion?
{ "answer_start": [ 470 ], "text": [ "Schadenfreude" ] }
570a70f04103511400d5970c
Emotion
The history of emotions has become an increasingly popular topic recently, with some scholars arguing that it is an essential category of analysis, not unlike class, race, or gender. Historians, like other social scientists, assume that emotions, feelings and their expressions are regulated in different ways by both di...
Along with Germany, England, Spain and Australia, where has a research center on the history of emotions recently opened?
{ "answer_start": [ 1061 ], "text": [ "Sweden" ] }
570a70f04103511400d5970d
Emotion
The history of emotions has become an increasingly popular topic recently, with some scholars arguing that it is an essential category of analysis, not unlike class, race, or gender. Historians, like other social scientists, assume that emotions, feelings and their expressions are regulated in different ways by both di...
Along with class and race, what is regarded as an essential category of historical analysis?
{ "answer_start": [ 175 ], "text": [ "gender" ] }
570a71734103511400d59712
Emotion
Stanley Schachter formulated his theory on the earlier work of a Spanish physician, Gregorio Marañón, who injected patients with epinephrine and subsequently asked them how they felt. Interestingly, Marañón found that most of these patients felt something but in the absence of an actual emotion-evoking stimulus, the pa...
Whose work did the theory of Stanley Schachter build on?
{ "answer_start": [ 84 ], "text": [ "Gregorio Marañón" ] }
570a71734103511400d59713
Emotion
Stanley Schachter formulated his theory on the earlier work of a Spanish physician, Gregorio Marañón, who injected patients with epinephrine and subsequently asked them how they felt. Interestingly, Marañón found that most of these patients felt something but in the absence of an actual emotion-evoking stimulus, the pa...
What did Gregorio Marañón inject his patients with?
{ "answer_start": [ 129 ], "text": [ "epinephrine" ] }
570a71734103511400d59714
Emotion
Stanley Schachter formulated his theory on the earlier work of a Spanish physician, Gregorio Marañón, who injected patients with epinephrine and subsequently asked them how they felt. Interestingly, Marañón found that most of these patients felt something but in the absence of an actual emotion-evoking stimulus, the pa...
What was the nationality of Gregorio Marañón?
{ "answer_start": [ 65 ], "text": [ "Spanish" ] }
570a71734103511400d59715
Emotion
Stanley Schachter formulated his theory on the earlier work of a Spanish physician, Gregorio Marañón, who injected patients with epinephrine and subsequently asked them how they felt. Interestingly, Marañón found that most of these patients felt something but in the absence of an actual emotion-evoking stimulus, the pa...
Who was a notable student of Stanley Schachter?
{ "answer_start": [ 1168 ], "text": [ "Jerome Singer" ] }
570a71734103511400d59716
Emotion
Stanley Schachter formulated his theory on the earlier work of a Spanish physician, Gregorio Marañón, who injected patients with epinephrine and subsequently asked them how they felt. Interestingly, Marañón found that most of these patients felt something but in the absence of an actual emotion-evoking stimulus, the pa...
In what year was the book Gut Reactions by Jesse Prinz published?
{ "answer_start": [ 1717 ], "text": [ "2004" ] }
570a71dd6d058f1900182e70
Emotion
In the 1990s, sociologists focused on different aspects of specific emotions and how these emotions were socially relevant. For Cooley (1992), pride and shame were the most important emotions that drive people to take various social actions. During every encounter, he proposed that we monitor ourselves through the "loo...
In what decade did sociologists focus on the social relevance of emotion?
{ "answer_start": [ 7 ], "text": [ "1990s" ] }
570a71dd6d058f1900182e71
Emotion
In the 1990s, sociologists focused on different aspects of specific emotions and how these emotions were socially relevant. For Cooley (1992), pride and shame were the most important emotions that drive people to take various social actions. During every encounter, he proposed that we monitor ourselves through the "loo...
What emotions did Cooley regard as of paramount social importance?
{ "answer_start": [ 143 ], "text": [ "pride and shame" ] }
570a71dd6d058f1900182e72
Emotion
In the 1990s, sociologists focused on different aspects of specific emotions and how these emotions were socially relevant. For Cooley (1992), pride and shame were the most important emotions that drive people to take various social actions. During every encounter, he proposed that we monitor ourselves through the "loo...
Who studied rage and shame cycles in married couples?
{ "answer_start": [ 497 ], "text": [ "Retzinger" ] }
570a71dd6d058f1900182e73
Emotion
In the 1990s, sociologists focused on different aspects of specific emotions and how these emotions were socially relevant. For Cooley (1992), pride and shame were the most important emotions that drive people to take various social actions. During every encounter, he proposed that we monitor ourselves through the "loo...
Who developed the social bond theory?
{ "answer_start": [ 645 ], "text": [ "Scheff" ] }
570a71dd6d058f1900182e74
Emotion
In the 1990s, sociologists focused on different aspects of specific emotions and how these emotions were socially relevant. For Cooley (1992), pride and shame were the most important emotions that drive people to take various social actions. During every encounter, he proposed that we monitor ourselves through the "loo...
Along with Cooley, from whose work did Scheff derive social bond theory?
{ "answer_start": [ 618 ], "text": [ "Goffman" ] }
570a72e64103511400d59726
Emotion
Emotion regulation refers to the cognitive and behavioral strategies people use to influence their own emotional experience. For example, a behavioral strategy in which one avoids a situation to avoid unwanted emotions (e.g., trying not to think about the situation, doing distracting activities, etc.). Depending on the...
What is the term for the strategies used by people to influence their emotional experiences?
{ "answer_start": [ 0 ], "text": [ "Emotion regulation" ] }
570a72e64103511400d59727
Emotion
Emotion regulation refers to the cognitive and behavioral strategies people use to influence their own emotional experience. For example, a behavioral strategy in which one avoids a situation to avoid unwanted emotions (e.g., trying not to think about the situation, doing distracting activities, etc.). Depending on the...
What type of strategy involves avoiding a situation where unwanted emotions might be experienced?
{ "answer_start": [ 140 ], "text": [ "behavioral" ] }
570a72e64103511400d59728
Emotion
Emotion regulation refers to the cognitive and behavioral strategies people use to influence their own emotional experience. For example, a behavioral strategy in which one avoids a situation to avoid unwanted emotions (e.g., trying not to think about the situation, doing distracting activities, etc.). Depending on the...
Rational emotive behavior therapy is an approach used by what psychotherapy schools?
{ "answer_start": [ 582 ], "text": [ "Cognitively oriented schools" ] }
570a72e64103511400d59729
Emotion
Emotion regulation refers to the cognitive and behavioral strategies people use to influence their own emotional experience. For example, a behavioral strategy in which one avoids a situation to avoid unwanted emotions (e.g., trying not to think about the situation, doing distracting activities, etc.). Depending on the...
What sort of therapy might examine emotions based on components of facial expressions?
{ "answer_start": [ 806 ], "text": [ "Gestalt therapy" ] }
570a73804103511400d5972e
Emotion
Based on discoveries made through neural mapping of the limbic system, the neurobiological explanation of human emotion is that emotion is a pleasant or unpleasant mental state organized in the limbic system of the mammalian brain. If distinguished from reactive responses of reptiles, emotions would then be mammalian e...
What system was examined to develop the neurobiological explanation of human emotion?
{ "answer_start": [ 56 ], "text": [ "limbic" ] }
570a73804103511400d5972f
Emotion
Based on discoveries made through neural mapping of the limbic system, the neurobiological explanation of human emotion is that emotion is a pleasant or unpleasant mental state organized in the limbic system of the mammalian brain. If distinguished from reactive responses of reptiles, emotions would then be mammalian e...
What classification of chemicals do dopamine, serotonin and noradrenaline belong to?
{ "answer_start": [ 381 ], "text": [ "neurochemicals" ] }
570a73804103511400d59730
Emotion
Based on discoveries made through neural mapping of the limbic system, the neurobiological explanation of human emotion is that emotion is a pleasant or unpleasant mental state organized in the limbic system of the mammalian brain. If distinguished from reactive responses of reptiles, emotions would then be mammalian e...
What chemicals may mediate emotions?
{ "answer_start": [ 587 ], "text": [ "pheromones" ] }
570a73804103511400d59731
Emotion
Based on discoveries made through neural mapping of the limbic system, the neurobiological explanation of human emotion is that emotion is a pleasant or unpleasant mental state organized in the limbic system of the mammalian brain. If distinguished from reactive responses of reptiles, emotions would then be mammalian e...
Reactive responses are present in the brains of what animals?
{ "answer_start": [ 276 ], "text": [ "reptiles" ] }
570a73804103511400d59732
Emotion
Based on discoveries made through neural mapping of the limbic system, the neurobiological explanation of human emotion is that emotion is a pleasant or unpleasant mental state organized in the limbic system of the mammalian brain. If distinguished from reactive responses of reptiles, emotions would then be mammalian e...
The neurobiological explanation is specific to what types of brains?
{ "answer_start": [ 215 ], "text": [ "mammalian" ] }
570a775d4103511400d59742
Emotion
Many different disciplines have produced work on the emotions. Human sciences study the role of emotions in mental processes, disorders, and neural mechanisms. In psychiatry, emotions are examined as part of the discipline's study and treatment of mental disorders in humans. Nursing studies emotions as part of its appr...
What discipline studies the role of emotions in neural mechanisms?
{ "answer_start": [ 63 ], "text": [ "Human sciences" ] }
570a775d4103511400d59743
Emotion
Many different disciplines have produced work on the emotions. Human sciences study the role of emotions in mental processes, disorders, and neural mechanisms. In psychiatry, emotions are examined as part of the discipline's study and treatment of mental disorders in humans. Nursing studies emotions as part of its appr...
What fields studies the role of emotions in the treatment of human mental disorders?
{ "answer_start": [ 163 ], "text": [ "psychiatry" ] }
570a775d4103511400d59744
Emotion
Many different disciplines have produced work on the emotions. Human sciences study the role of emotions in mental processes, disorders, and neural mechanisms. In psychiatry, emotions are examined as part of the discipline's study and treatment of mental disorders in humans. Nursing studies emotions as part of its appr...
What profession studies the role of emotions in providing holistic health care?
{ "answer_start": [ 276 ], "text": [ "Nursing" ] }
570a775d4103511400d59745
Emotion
Many different disciplines have produced work on the emotions. Human sciences study the role of emotions in mental processes, disorders, and neural mechanisms. In psychiatry, emotions are examined as part of the discipline's study and treatment of mental disorders in humans. Nursing studies emotions as part of its appr...
What is affective neuroscience a sub-field of?
{ "answer_start": [ 563 ], "text": [ "neuroscience" ] }
570a775d4103511400d59746
Emotion
Many different disciplines have produced work on the emotions. Human sciences study the role of emotions in mental processes, disorders, and neural mechanisms. In psychiatry, emotions are examined as part of the discipline's study and treatment of mental disorders in humans. Nursing studies emotions as part of its appr...
What field studies the relationship between emotion and learning?
{ "answer_start": [ 865 ], "text": [ "education" ] }
570a79de4103511400d59756
Emotion
Subsequent to these developments, Randall Collins (2004) formulated his interaction ritual theory by drawing on Durkheim's work on totemic rituals that was extended by Goffman (1964/2013; 1967) into everyday focused encounters. Based on interaction ritual theory, we experience different levels or intensities of emotion...
Who came up with the interaction ritual theory?
{ "answer_start": [ 34 ], "text": [ "Randall Collins" ] }
570a79de4103511400d59757
Emotion
Subsequent to these developments, Randall Collins (2004) formulated his interaction ritual theory by drawing on Durkheim's work on totemic rituals that was extended by Goffman (1964/2013; 1967) into everyday focused encounters. Based on interaction ritual theory, we experience different levels or intensities of emotion...
From what work of Durkheim's was interaction ritual theory derived?
{ "answer_start": [ 131 ], "text": [ "totemic rituals" ] }
570a79de4103511400d59758
Emotion
Subsequent to these developments, Randall Collins (2004) formulated his interaction ritual theory by drawing on Durkheim's work on totemic rituals that was extended by Goffman (1964/2013; 1967) into everyday focused encounters. Based on interaction ritual theory, we experience different levels or intensities of emotion...
In addition to Durkheim, whose work influenced the development of interaction ritual theory?
{ "answer_start": [ 168 ], "text": [ "Goffman" ] }