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570a8ed26d058f1900182faa
Old_English
Some of the most important surviving works of Old English literature are Beowulf, an epic poem; the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, a record of early English history; the Franks Casket, an inscribed early whalebone artefact; and Cædmon's Hymn, a Christian religious poem. There are also a number of extant prose works, such as se...
Where did Cædmon live?
{ "answer_start": [ 776 ], "text": [ "Whitby" ] }
570a99ad6d058f1900182fe0
Old_English
Old English developed from a set of Anglo-Frisian or North Sea Germanic dialects originally spoken by Germanic tribes traditionally known as the Angles, Saxons, and Jutes. As the Anglo-Saxons became dominant in England, their language replaced the languages of Roman Britain: Common Brittonic, a Celtic language, and Lat...
What is another name for Anglo-Frisian?
{ "answer_start": [ 53 ], "text": [ "North Sea Germanic" ] }
570a99ad6d058f1900182fe2
Old_English
Old English developed from a set of Anglo-Frisian or North Sea Germanic dialects originally spoken by Germanic tribes traditionally known as the Angles, Saxons, and Jutes. As the Anglo-Saxons became dominant in England, their language replaced the languages of Roman Britain: Common Brittonic, a Celtic language, and Lat...
What language family did Common Brittonic belong to?
{ "answer_start": [ 296 ], "text": [ "Celtic" ] }
570a99ad6d058f1900182fe3
Old_English
Old English developed from a set of Anglo-Frisian or North Sea Germanic dialects originally spoken by Germanic tribes traditionally known as the Angles, Saxons, and Jutes. As the Anglo-Saxons became dominant in England, their language replaced the languages of Roman Britain: Common Brittonic, a Celtic language, and Lat...
How was the Latin language brought to Britain?
{ "answer_start": [ 346 ], "text": [ "Roman invasion" ] }
570a99ad6d058f1900182fe4
Old_English
Old English developed from a set of Anglo-Frisian or North Sea Germanic dialects originally spoken by Germanic tribes traditionally known as the Angles, Saxons, and Jutes. As the Anglo-Saxons became dominant in England, their language replaced the languages of Roman Britain: Common Brittonic, a Celtic language, and Lat...
In what century did Scandinavian settlement begin in northern England?
{ "answer_start": [ 836 ], "text": [ "9th" ] }
570a99ad6d058f1900182fe1
Old_English
Old English developed from a set of Anglo-Frisian or North Sea Germanic dialects originally spoken by Germanic tribes traditionally known as the Angles, Saxons, and Jutes. As the Anglo-Saxons became dominant in England, their language replaced the languages of Roman Britain: Common Brittonic, a Celtic language, and Lat...
Along with the Angles and Saxons, what tribe spoke Anglo-Frisian?
{ "answer_start": [ 165 ], "text": [ "Jutes" ] }
570a9a216d058f1900182feb
Old_English
With the unification of the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms (outside the Danelaw) by Alfred the Great in the later 9th century, the language of government and literature became standardised around the West Saxon dialect (Early West Saxon). Alfred advocated education in English alongside Latin, and had many works translated into t...
What treatise was written by Pope Gregory?
{ "answer_start": [ 389 ], "text": [ "Pastoral Care" ] }
570a9a216d058f1900182fee
Old_English
With the unification of the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms (outside the Danelaw) by Alfred the Great in the later 9th century, the language of government and literature became standardised around the West Saxon dialect (Early West Saxon). Alfred advocated education in English alongside Latin, and had many works translated into t...
What dialect did Alfred's government use?
{ "answer_start": [ 190 ], "text": [ "West Saxon" ] }
570a9a216d058f1900182fed
Old_English
With the unification of the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms (outside the Danelaw) by Alfred the Great in the later 9th century, the language of government and literature became standardised around the West Saxon dialect (Early West Saxon). Alfred advocated education in English alongside Latin, and had many works translated into t...
In what century did Alfred unify Anglo-Saxon England?
{ "answer_start": [ 104 ], "text": [ "9th" ] }
570a9a216d058f1900182fec
Old_English
With the unification of the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms (outside the Danelaw) by Alfred the Great in the later 9th century, the language of government and literature became standardised around the West Saxon dialect (Early West Saxon). Alfred advocated education in English alongside Latin, and had many works translated into t...
When did Alfred the Great's reign begin?
{ "answer_start": [ 566 ], "text": [ "871" ] }
570a9a216d058f1900182fea
Old_English
With the unification of the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms (outside the Danelaw) by Alfred the Great in the later 9th century, the language of government and literature became standardised around the West Saxon dialect (Early West Saxon). Alfred advocated education in English alongside Latin, and had many works translated into t...
What king unified the Anglo-Saxon realms in England?
{ "answer_start": [ 74 ], "text": [ "Alfred the Great" ] }
570a9aba4103511400d59870
Old_English
Each of these four dialects was associated with an independent kingdom on the island. Of these, Northumbria south of the Tyne, and most of Mercia, were overrun by the Vikings during the 9th century. The portion of Mercia that was successfully defended, and all of Kent, were then integrated into Wessex under Alfred the ...
Along with Northumbria, what kingdom was invaded by the Vikings?
{ "answer_start": [ 139 ], "text": [ "Mercia" ] }
570a9aba4103511400d59871
Old_English
Each of these four dialects was associated with an independent kingdom on the island. Of these, Northumbria south of the Tyne, and most of Mercia, were overrun by the Vikings during the 9th century. The portion of Mercia that was successfully defended, and all of Kent, were then integrated into Wessex under Alfred the ...
Along with the part of Mercia not conquered by the Vikings, what other kingdom was combined with Wessex by Alfred?
{ "answer_start": [ 264 ], "text": [ "Kent" ] }
570a9aba4103511400d59872
Old_English
Each of these four dialects was associated with an independent kingdom on the island. Of these, Northumbria south of the Tyne, and most of Mercia, were overrun by the Vikings during the 9th century. The portion of Mercia that was successfully defended, and all of Kent, were then integrated into Wessex under Alfred the ...
What is the modern name for the West Saxon dialect of Alfred's time?
{ "answer_start": [ 400 ], "text": [ "Early West Saxon" ] }
570a9aba4103511400d59873
Old_English
Each of these four dialects was associated with an independent kingdom on the island. Of these, Northumbria south of the Tyne, and most of Mercia, were overrun by the Vikings during the 9th century. The portion of Mercia that was successfully defended, and all of Kent, were then integrated into Wessex under Alfred the ...
From what language was literature notably translated into West Saxon?
{ "answer_start": [ 571 ], "text": [ "Latin" ] }
570a9aba4103511400d59874
Old_English
Each of these four dialects was associated with an independent kingdom on the island. Of these, Northumbria south of the Tyne, and most of Mercia, were overrun by the Vikings during the 9th century. The portion of Mercia that was successfully defended, and all of Kent, were then integrated into Wessex under Alfred the ...
North of what river in Northumbria was the kingdom not overrun by the Vikings?
{ "answer_start": [ 121 ], "text": [ "Tyne" ] }
570a9b464103511400d5987a
Old_English
Another source of loanwords was Old Norse, which came into contact with Old English via the Scandinavian rulers and settlers in the Danelaw from the late 9th century, and during the rule of Cnut and other Danish kings in the early 11th century. Many place-names in eastern and northern England are of Scandinavian origin...
During what century did Cnut rule?
{ "answer_start": [ 231 ], "text": [ "11th" ] }
570a9b464103511400d5987b
Old_English
Another source of loanwords was Old Norse, which came into contact with Old English via the Scandinavian rulers and settlers in the Danelaw from the late 9th century, and during the rule of Cnut and other Danish kings in the early 11th century. Many place-names in eastern and northern England are of Scandinavian origin...
What was Cnut's nationality?
{ "answer_start": [ 205 ], "text": [ "Danish" ] }
570a9b464103511400d5987c
Old_English
Another source of loanwords was Old Norse, which came into contact with Old English via the Scandinavian rulers and settlers in the Danelaw from the late 9th century, and during the rule of Cnut and other Danish kings in the early 11th century. Many place-names in eastern and northern England are of Scandinavian origin...
During what century did Scandinavians begin to settle in England?
{ "answer_start": [ 154 ], "text": [ "9th" ] }
570a9b464103511400d5987d
Old_English
Another source of loanwords was Old Norse, which came into contact with Old English via the Scandinavian rulers and settlers in the Danelaw from the late 9th century, and during the rule of Cnut and other Danish kings in the early 11th century. Many place-names in eastern and northern England are of Scandinavian origin...
What language was a source for English loanwords that are still used today?
{ "answer_start": [ 32 ], "text": [ "Old Norse" ] }
570a9b464103511400d5987e
Old_English
Another source of loanwords was Old Norse, which came into contact with Old English via the Scandinavian rulers and settlers in the Danelaw from the late 9th century, and during the rule of Cnut and other Danish kings in the early 11th century. Many place-names in eastern and northern England are of Scandinavian origin...
Along with eastern England, what part of England contains many place names of Scandinavian origin?
{ "answer_start": [ 277 ], "text": [ "northern" ] }
570a9bd44103511400d59884
Old_English
Modern editions of Old English manuscripts generally introduce some additional conventions. The modern forms of Latin letters are used, including ⟨g⟩ in place of the insular G, ⟨s⟩ for long S, and others which may differ considerably from the insular script, notably ⟨e⟩, ⟨f⟩ and ⟨r⟩. Macrons are used to indicate long v...
What form of c, when written, contains a dot over the letter?
{ "answer_start": [ 578 ], "text": [ "palatal" ] }
570a9bd44103511400d59885
Old_English
Modern editions of Old English manuscripts generally introduce some additional conventions. The modern forms of Latin letters are used, including ⟨g⟩ in place of the insular G, ⟨s⟩ for long S, and others which may differ considerably from the insular script, notably ⟨e⟩, ⟨f⟩ and ⟨r⟩. Macrons are used to indicate long v...
What conventional letter from the Latin alphabet typically replaces the wynn from Old English?
{ "answer_start": [ 690 ], "text": [ "w" ] }
570a9bd44103511400d59886
Old_English
Modern editions of Old English manuscripts generally introduce some additional conventions. The modern forms of Latin letters are used, including ⟨g⟩ in place of the insular G, ⟨s⟩ for long S, and others which may differ considerably from the insular script, notably ⟨e⟩, ⟨f⟩ and ⟨r⟩. Macrons are used to indicate long v...
What letter from the Latin alphabet replaces the Old English insular G?
{ "answer_start": [ 147 ], "text": [ "g" ] }
570a9bd44103511400d59887
Old_English
Modern editions of Old English manuscripts generally introduce some additional conventions. The modern forms of Latin letters are used, including ⟨g⟩ in place of the insular G, ⟨s⟩ for long S, and others which may differ considerably from the insular script, notably ⟨e⟩, ⟨f⟩ and ⟨r⟩. Macrons are used to indicate long v...
What Latin letter is used in place of the Old English long S?
{ "answer_start": [ 178 ], "text": [ "s" ] }
570a9bd44103511400d59888
Old_English
Modern editions of Old English manuscripts generally introduce some additional conventions. The modern forms of Latin letters are used, including ⟨g⟩ in place of the insular G, ⟨s⟩ for long S, and others which may differ considerably from the insular script, notably ⟨e⟩, ⟨f⟩ and ⟨r⟩. Macrons are used to indicate long v...
When eth is replaced, what is it replaced by?
{ "answer_start": [ 771 ], "text": [ "thorn" ] }
570a9c454103511400d59898
Old_English
Like other historical languages, Old English has been used by scholars and enthusiasts of later periods to create texts either imitating Anglo-Saxon literature or deliberately transferring it to a different cultural context. Examples include Alistair Campbell and J. R. R. Tolkien. A number of websites devoted to Neo-Pa...
What modern religion sometimes uses Old English?
{ "answer_start": [ 314 ], "text": [ "Neo-Paganism" ] }
570a9c454103511400d59899
Old_English
Like other historical languages, Old English has been used by scholars and enthusiasts of later periods to create texts either imitating Anglo-Saxon literature or deliberately transferring it to a different cultural context. Examples include Alistair Campbell and J. R. R. Tolkien. A number of websites devoted to Neo-Pa...
What hobby champions the use of Old English?
{ "answer_start": [ 331 ], "text": [ "Historical re-enactment" ] }
570a9c454103511400d5989a
Old_English
Like other historical languages, Old English has been used by scholars and enthusiasts of later periods to create texts either imitating Anglo-Saxon literature or deliberately transferring it to a different cultural context. Examples include Alistair Campbell and J. R. R. Tolkien. A number of websites devoted to Neo-Pa...
Along with Tolkien, what modern scholar notably made use of Old English?
{ "answer_start": [ 242 ], "text": [ "Alistair Campbell" ] }
570a9c454103511400d5989b
Old_English
Like other historical languages, Old English has been used by scholars and enthusiasts of later periods to create texts either imitating Anglo-Saxon literature or deliberately transferring it to a different cultural context. Examples include Alistair Campbell and J. R. R. Tolkien. A number of websites devoted to Neo-Pa...
What Wikipedia project makes use of the Old English language?
{ "answer_start": [ 483 ], "text": [ "the Old English Wikipedia" ] }
570a9c454103511400d5989c
Old_English
Like other historical languages, Old English has been used by scholars and enthusiasts of later periods to create texts either imitating Anglo-Saxon literature or deliberately transferring it to a different cultural context. Examples include Alistair Campbell and J. R. R. Tolkien. A number of websites devoted to Neo-Pa...
What is a term for modern texts written in Old English?
{ "answer_start": [ 526 ], "text": [ "Neo-Old English" ] }
570a9c066d058f1900182ff4
Aircraft_carrier
A fleet carrier is intended to operate with the main fleet and usually provides an offensive capability. These are the largest carriers capable of fast speeds. By comparison, escort carriers were developed to provide defense for convoys of ships. They were smaller and slower with lower numbers of aircraft carried. Most...
What type of carrier is the largest?
{ "answer_start": [ 2 ], "text": [ "fleet carrier" ] }
570a9c066d058f1900182ff5
Aircraft_carrier
A fleet carrier is intended to operate with the main fleet and usually provides an offensive capability. These are the largest carriers capable of fast speeds. By comparison, escort carriers were developed to provide defense for convoys of ships. They were smaller and slower with lower numbers of aircraft carried. Most...
What capability does a fleet carrier offer?
{ "answer_start": [ 83 ], "text": [ "offensive" ] }
570a9c066d058f1900182ff6
Aircraft_carrier
A fleet carrier is intended to operate with the main fleet and usually provides an offensive capability. These are the largest carriers capable of fast speeds. By comparison, escort carriers were developed to provide defense for convoys of ships. They were smaller and slower with lower numbers of aircraft carried. Most...
What purpose were excort carriers developed for?
{ "answer_start": [ 206 ], "text": [ "to provide defense for convoys of ships" ] }
570a9c066d058f1900182ff7
Aircraft_carrier
A fleet carrier is intended to operate with the main fleet and usually provides an offensive capability. These are the largest carriers capable of fast speeds. By comparison, escort carriers were developed to provide defense for convoys of ships. They were smaller and slower with lower numbers of aircraft carried. Most...
What were most escort carriers built from?
{ "answer_start": [ 337 ], "text": [ "mercantile hulls" ] }
570a9c066d058f1900182ff8
Aircraft_carrier
A fleet carrier is intended to operate with the main fleet and usually provides an offensive capability. These are the largest carriers capable of fast speeds. By comparison, escort carriers were developed to provide defense for convoys of ships. They were smaller and slower with lower numbers of aircraft carried. Most...
What are the soviet aircraft carriers used by Russia actually called?
{ "answer_start": [ 660 ], "text": [ "heavy aviation cruisers" ] }
570a9dde6d058f1900182ffe
Aircraft_carrier
This new-found importance of naval aviation forced nations to create a number of carriers, in efforts to provide air superiority cover for every major fleet in order to ward off enemy aircraft. This extensive usage required the construction of several new 'light' carriers. Escort aircraft carriers, such as USS Bogue, w...
What type of aircraft carrier was the USS Bogue?
{ "answer_start": [ 274 ], "text": [ "Escort" ] }
570a9dde6d058f1900182fff
Aircraft_carrier
This new-found importance of naval aviation forced nations to create a number of carriers, in efforts to provide air superiority cover for every major fleet in order to ward off enemy aircraft. This extensive usage required the construction of several new 'light' carriers. Escort aircraft carriers, such as USS Bogue, w...
What type of aircraft was the USS Independence?
{ "answer_start": [ 515 ], "text": [ "light" ] }
570a9dde6d058f1900183000
Aircraft_carrier
This new-found importance of naval aviation forced nations to create a number of carriers, in efforts to provide air superiority cover for every major fleet in order to ward off enemy aircraft. This extensive usage required the construction of several new 'light' carriers. Escort aircraft carriers, such as USS Bogue, w...
What advantage did light carriers have over escort carriers?
{ "answer_start": [ 733 ], "text": [ "speed" ] }
570a9dde6d058f1900183001
Aircraft_carrier
This new-found importance of naval aviation forced nations to create a number of carriers, in efforts to provide air superiority cover for every major fleet in order to ward off enemy aircraft. This extensive usage required the construction of several new 'light' carriers. Escort aircraft carriers, such as USS Bogue, w...
What was the expected serice life of the UK 1942 Design Light Fleet Carrier?
{ "answer_start": [ 913 ], "text": [ "3 years" ] }
570a9dde6d058f1900183002
Aircraft_carrier
This new-found importance of naval aviation forced nations to create a number of carriers, in efforts to provide air superiority cover for every major fleet in order to ward off enemy aircraft. This extensive usage required the construction of several new 'light' carriers. Escort aircraft carriers, such as USS Bogue, w...
Who did the UK 1941 Design Light Fleet Carriers serve during the war?
{ "answer_start": [ 938 ], "text": [ "Royal Navy" ] }
570aa5244103511400d598c0
Aircraft_carrier
Speaking in St. Petersburg, Russia on 30 June 2011, the head of Russia's United Shipbuilding Corporation said his company expected to begin design work for a new carrier in 2016, with a goal of beginning construction in 2018 and having the carrier achieve initial operational capability by 2023. Several months later, on...
When did Russia's United Shipbuilding Corporation expect to begin design work for a new carrier?
{ "answer_start": [ 173 ], "text": [ "2016" ] }
570aa5244103511400d598c1
Aircraft_carrier
Speaking in St. Petersburg, Russia on 30 June 2011, the head of Russia's United Shipbuilding Corporation said his company expected to begin design work for a new carrier in 2016, with a goal of beginning construction in 2018 and having the carrier achieve initial operational capability by 2023. Several months later, on...
What year was the goal for Russia's new carrier to achieve initial operational capability?
{ "answer_start": [ 290 ], "text": [ "2023" ] }
570aa5244103511400d598c2
Aircraft_carrier
Speaking in St. Petersburg, Russia on 30 June 2011, the head of Russia's United Shipbuilding Corporation said his company expected to begin design work for a new carrier in 2016, with a goal of beginning construction in 2018 and having the carrier achieve initial operational capability by 2023. Several months later, on...
What was Izvestiya?
{ "answer_start": [ 341 ], "text": [ "Russian newspaper" ] }
570aa5244103511400d598c3
Aircraft_carrier
Speaking in St. Petersburg, Russia on 30 June 2011, the head of Russia's United Shipbuilding Corporation said his company expected to begin design work for a new carrier in 2016, with a goal of beginning construction in 2018 and having the carrier achieve initial operational capability by 2023. Several months later, on...
Where was the Northern Fleets nuclear-powered aircraft carrier supposed to be stationed?
{ "answer_start": [ 699 ], "text": [ "Murmansk" ] }
570aa5244103511400d598c4
Aircraft_carrier
Speaking in St. Petersburg, Russia on 30 June 2011, the head of Russia's United Shipbuilding Corporation said his company expected to begin design work for a new carrier in 2016, with a goal of beginning construction in 2018 and having the carrier achieve initial operational capability by 2023. Several months later, on...
Where was the Pacific Fleets nuclear-powered aircraft carrier supposed to be stationed?
{ "answer_start": [ 769 ], "text": [ "Vladivostok" ] }
570aa9236d058f1900183026
Aircraft_carrier
As "runways at sea", aircraft carriers have a flat-top flight deck, which launches and recovers aircraft. Aircraft launch forward, into the wind, and are recovered from astern. The flight deck is where the most notable differences between a carrier and a land runway are found. Creating such a surface at sea poses const...
What are typically regarded as "runways at sea"?
{ "answer_start": [ 21 ], "text": [ "aircraft carriers" ] }
570aa9236d058f1900183027
Aircraft_carrier
As "runways at sea", aircraft carriers have a flat-top flight deck, which launches and recovers aircraft. Aircraft launch forward, into the wind, and are recovered from astern. The flight deck is where the most notable differences between a carrier and a land runway are found. Creating such a surface at sea poses const...
What design feature do aircraft carriers feature to aid in launching and recovering aircraft?
{ "answer_start": [ 46 ], "text": [ "flat-top flight deck" ] }
570aa9236d058f1900183028
Aircraft_carrier
As "runways at sea", aircraft carriers have a flat-top flight deck, which launches and recovers aircraft. Aircraft launch forward, into the wind, and are recovered from astern. The flight deck is where the most notable differences between a carrier and a land runway are found. Creating such a surface at sea poses const...
Where are the most notable differences between a carrier and a land runway found?
{ "answer_start": [ 177 ], "text": [ "The flight deck" ] }
570aa9236d058f1900183029
Aircraft_carrier
As "runways at sea", aircraft carriers have a flat-top flight deck, which launches and recovers aircraft. Aircraft launch forward, into the wind, and are recovered from astern. The flight deck is where the most notable differences between a carrier and a land runway are found. Creating such a surface at sea poses const...
What is a primary reason that ships have shorter runways than land runways have?
{ "answer_start": [ 395 ], "text": [ "a full-length runway would be costly to construct and maintain" ] }
570aa9236d058f190018302a
Aircraft_carrier
As "runways at sea", aircraft carriers have a flat-top flight deck, which launches and recovers aircraft. Aircraft launch forward, into the wind, and are recovered from astern. The flight deck is where the most notable differences between a carrier and a land runway are found. Creating such a surface at sea poses const...
What do aircraft need to do when using shorter runway lengths?
{ "answer_start": [ 554 ], "text": [ "accelerate more quickly to gain lift" ] }
570aacc26d058f1900183068
Aircraft_carrier
Since the early 1950s on conventional carriers it has been the practice to recover aircraft at an angle to port of the axial line of the ship. The primary function of this angled deck is to allow aircraft that miss the arresting wires, referred to as a bolter, to become airborne again without the risk of hitting aircra...
When did conventional carriers start recovering aircraft at an angle to port of the axial line of the ship?
{ "answer_start": [ 10 ], "text": [ "early 1950s" ] }
570aacc26d058f1900183069
Aircraft_carrier
Since the early 1950s on conventional carriers it has been the practice to recover aircraft at an angle to port of the axial line of the ship. The primary function of this angled deck is to allow aircraft that miss the arresting wires, referred to as a bolter, to become airborne again without the risk of hitting aircra...
What risk is avoided by aircraft by using an angled deck?
{ "answer_start": [ 306 ], "text": [ "hitting aircraft parked forward" ] }
570aacc26d058f190018306a
Aircraft_carrier
Since the early 1950s on conventional carriers it has been the practice to recover aircraft at an angle to port of the axial line of the ship. The primary function of this angled deck is to allow aircraft that miss the arresting wires, referred to as a bolter, to become airborne again without the risk of hitting aircra...
How many "waist" catapults can be installed with an angled deck?
{ "answer_start": [ 382 ], "text": [ "one or two" ] }
570aacc26d058f190018306b
Aircraft_carrier
Since the early 1950s on conventional carriers it has been the practice to recover aircraft at an angle to port of the axial line of the ship. The primary function of this angled deck is to allow aircraft that miss the arresting wires, referred to as a bolter, to become airborne again without the risk of hitting aircra...
How man bow cats can be installed with an angled deck?
{ "answer_start": [ 430 ], "text": [ "two" ] }
570aacc26d058f190018306c
Aircraft_carrier
Since the early 1950s on conventional carriers it has been the practice to recover aircraft at an angle to port of the axial line of the ship. The primary function of this angled deck is to allow aircraft that miss the arresting wires, referred to as a bolter, to become airborne again without the risk of hitting aircra...
What aircraft design feature improves launch and recovery cycle flexibilty?
{ "answer_start": [ 444 ], "text": [ "An angled deck" ] }
570aae5d4103511400d5991e
Aircraft_carrier
Another deck structure that can be seen is a ski-jump ramp at the forward end of the flight deck. This was first developed to help launch STOVL aircraft take off at far higher weights than is possible with a vertical or rolling takeoff on flat decks. Originally developed by the Royal Navy, it since has been adopted by ...
Where are ski-jump ramps located on aircraft carriers?
{ "answer_start": [ 62 ], "text": [ "the forward end of the flight deck" ] }
570aae5d4103511400d5991f
Aircraft_carrier
Another deck structure that can be seen is a ski-jump ramp at the forward end of the flight deck. This was first developed to help launch STOVL aircraft take off at far higher weights than is possible with a vertical or rolling takeoff on flat decks. Originally developed by the Royal Navy, it since has been adopted by ...
What did ski-jump ramps allow STOVL aircraft to do that they couldn't do with a flat deck??
{ "answer_start": [ 153 ], "text": [ "take off at far higher weights" ] }
570aae5d4103511400d59920
Aircraft_carrier
Another deck structure that can be seen is a ski-jump ramp at the forward end of the flight deck. This was first developed to help launch STOVL aircraft take off at far higher weights than is possible with a vertical or rolling takeoff on flat decks. Originally developed by the Royal Navy, it since has been adopted by ...
Who originally developed the ski-jump ramp?
{ "answer_start": [ 275 ], "text": [ "the Royal Navy" ] }
570aae5d4103511400d59921
Aircraft_carrier
Another deck structure that can be seen is a ski-jump ramp at the forward end of the flight deck. This was first developed to help launch STOVL aircraft take off at far higher weights than is possible with a vertical or rolling takeoff on flat decks. Originally developed by the Royal Navy, it since has been adopted by ...
What does a ski-jump ramp convert in order to be successful?
{ "answer_start": [ 390 ], "text": [ "some of the forward rolling movement of the aircraft into vertical velocity" ] }
570aae5d4103511400d59922
Aircraft_carrier
Another deck structure that can be seen is a ski-jump ramp at the forward end of the flight deck. This was first developed to help launch STOVL aircraft take off at far higher weights than is possible with a vertical or rolling takeoff on flat decks. Originally developed by the Royal Navy, it since has been adopted by ...
What does the ski-jump ramp prevent a fully loaded and fueled aircraft from doing?
{ "answer_start": [ 823 ], "text": [ "either stalling out or crashing directly into the sea" ] }
570ab06e4103511400d59932
Aircraft_carrier
An aircraft carrier is a warship that serves as a seagoing airbase, equipped with a full-length flight deck and facilities for carrying, arming, deploying, and recovering aircraft. Typically, it is the capital ship of a fleet, as it allows a naval force to project air power worldwide without depending on local bases fo...
What type of flight decks are aircraft carriers equipped with?
{ "answer_start": [ 84 ], "text": [ "full-length" ] }
570ab06e4103511400d59933
Aircraft_carrier
An aircraft carrier is a warship that serves as a seagoing airbase, equipped with a full-length flight deck and facilities for carrying, arming, deploying, and recovering aircraft. Typically, it is the capital ship of a fleet, as it allows a naval force to project air power worldwide without depending on local bases fo...
What purpose do aircraft carriers serve for aircraft?
{ "answer_start": [ 127 ], "text": [ "carrying, arming, deploying, and recovering" ] }
570ab06e4103511400d59934
Aircraft_carrier
An aircraft carrier is a warship that serves as a seagoing airbase, equipped with a full-length flight deck and facilities for carrying, arming, deploying, and recovering aircraft. Typically, it is the capital ship of a fleet, as it allows a naval force to project air power worldwide without depending on local bases fo...
Typically, what is the capital ship of any fleet?
{ "answer_start": [ 0 ], "text": [ "An aircraft carrier" ] }
570ab06e4103511400d59936
Aircraft_carrier
An aircraft carrier is a warship that serves as a seagoing airbase, equipped with a full-length flight deck and facilities for carrying, arming, deploying, and recovering aircraft. Typically, it is the capital ship of a fleet, as it allows a naval force to project air power worldwide without depending on local bases fo...
What have the old converted cruiser aircraft carriers evolved into?
{ "answer_start": [ 475 ], "text": [ "nuclear-powered warships" ] }
570ab06e4103511400d59935
Aircraft_carrier
An aircraft carrier is a warship that serves as a seagoing airbase, equipped with a full-length flight deck and facilities for carrying, arming, deploying, and recovering aircraft. Typically, it is the capital ship of a fleet, as it allows a naval force to project air power worldwide without depending on local bases fo...
What do aircraft carriers allow naval forces to accomplish?
{ "answer_start": [ 257 ], "text": [ "project air power worldwide without depending on local bases" ] }
570ab54b4103511400d59950
Aircraft_carrier
The 1903 advent of heavier-than-air fixed-wing aircraft was closely followed in 1910 by the first experimental take-off of an airplane, made from the deck of a United States Navy vessel (cruiser USS Birmingham), and the first experimental landings were conducted in 1911. On 9 May 1912 the first airplane take-off from a...
In what year was the advent of heavier-than-air fixed-wing aircraft?
{ "answer_start": [ 4 ], "text": [ "1903" ] }
570ab54b4103511400d59951
Aircraft_carrier
The 1903 advent of heavier-than-air fixed-wing aircraft was closely followed in 1910 by the first experimental take-off of an airplane, made from the deck of a United States Navy vessel (cruiser USS Birmingham), and the first experimental landings were conducted in 1911. On 9 May 1912 the first airplane take-off from a...
In what year was the first experimental take-off of an airplane?
{ "answer_start": [ 80 ], "text": [ "1910" ] }
570ab54b4103511400d59952
Aircraft_carrier
The 1903 advent of heavier-than-air fixed-wing aircraft was closely followed in 1910 by the first experimental take-off of an airplane, made from the deck of a United States Navy vessel (cruiser USS Birmingham), and the first experimental landings were conducted in 1911. On 9 May 1912 the first airplane take-off from a...
In what year were the first experimental landings of an airplane?
{ "answer_start": [ 266 ], "text": [ "1911" ] }
570ab54b4103511400d59954
Aircraft_carrier
The 1903 advent of heavier-than-air fixed-wing aircraft was closely followed in 1910 by the first experimental take-off of an airplane, made from the deck of a United States Navy vessel (cruiser USS Birmingham), and the first experimental landings were conducted in 1911. On 9 May 1912 the first airplane take-off from a...
What was the first carrier-launched airstrike?
{ "answer_start": [ 828 ], "text": [ "the Tondern Raid in July 1918" ] }
570ab54b4103511400d59953
Aircraft_carrier
The 1903 advent of heavier-than-air fixed-wing aircraft was closely followed in 1910 by the first experimental take-off of an airplane, made from the deck of a United States Navy vessel (cruiser USS Birmingham), and the first experimental landings were conducted in 1911. On 9 May 1912 the first airplane take-off from a...
What did the Imperial Japanese Navy Wakamiya conduct in September 1914?
{ "answer_start": [ 537 ], "text": [ "the world's first successful ship-launched air raid" ] }
570ab73a4103511400d5995a
Aircraft_carrier
Modern navies that operate such aircraft carriers treat them as the capital ship of the fleet, a role previously held by the battleship. This change took place during World War II in response to air power becoming a significant factor in warfare, driven by the superior range, flexibility and effectiveness of carrier-la...
Which ship was originally known as being the capital ship of the fleet?
{ "answer_start": [ 121 ], "text": [ "the battleship" ] }
570ab73a4103511400d5995b
Aircraft_carrier
Modern navies that operate such aircraft carriers treat them as the capital ship of the fleet, a role previously held by the battleship. This change took place during World War II in response to air power becoming a significant factor in warfare, driven by the superior range, flexibility and effectiveness of carrier-la...
When did aircraft carriers begin being know as the capital ship of the fleet?
{ "answer_start": [ 167 ], "text": [ "World War II" ] }
570ab73a4103511400d5995c
Aircraft_carrier
Modern navies that operate such aircraft carriers treat them as the capital ship of the fleet, a role previously held by the battleship. This change took place during World War II in response to air power becoming a significant factor in warfare, driven by the superior range, flexibility and effectiveness of carrier-la...
What type of carrier is capable of displacing 75,000 tonnes or greater?
{ "answer_start": [ 421 ], "text": [ "Supercarriers" ] }
570ab73a4103511400d5995d
Aircraft_carrier
Modern navies that operate such aircraft carriers treat them as the capital ship of the fleet, a role previously held by the battleship. This change took place during World War II in response to air power becoming a significant factor in warfare, driven by the superior range, flexibility and effectiveness of carrier-la...
Which ships are used for carrying and landing Marines?
{ "answer_start": [ 623 ], "text": [ "Amphibious assault ships" ] }
570ab73a4103511400d5995e
Aircraft_carrier
Modern navies that operate such aircraft carriers treat them as the capital ship of the fleet, a role previously held by the battleship. This change took place during World War II in response to air power becoming a significant factor in warfare, driven by the superior range, flexibility and effectiveness of carrier-la...
What do Amphibious assalut ships need a large contingent of for carrying Marines?
{ "answer_start": [ 768 ], "text": [ "helicopters" ] }
570ab8c54103511400d59964
Aircraft_carrier
The Royal Australian Navy is in the process of procuring two Canberra-class LHD's, the first of which was commissioned in November 2015, while the second is expected to enter service in 2016. The ships will be the largest in Australian naval history. Their primary roles are to embark, transport and deploy an embarked f...
Who is in the process of procuring two Canbera-class LHD's?
{ "answer_start": [ 0 ], "text": [ "The Royal Australian Navy" ] }
570ab8c54103511400d59965
Aircraft_carrier
The Royal Australian Navy is in the process of procuring two Canberra-class LHD's, the first of which was commissioned in November 2015, while the second is expected to enter service in 2016. The ships will be the largest in Australian naval history. Their primary roles are to embark, transport and deploy an embarked f...
How large will the two Canbera-class LDH's be?
{ "answer_start": [ 210 ], "text": [ "the largest in Australian naval history" ] }
570ab8c54103511400d59967
Aircraft_carrier
The Royal Australian Navy is in the process of procuring two Canberra-class LHD's, the first of which was commissioned in November 2015, while the second is expected to enter service in 2016. The ships will be the largest in Australian naval history. Their primary roles are to embark, transport and deploy an embarked f...
How many troops can be maintained on a Canbera-class LHD?
{ "answer_start": [ 498 ], "text": [ "1,000 troops and their supporting vehicles" ] }
570ab8c54103511400d59966
Aircraft_carrier
The Royal Australian Navy is in the process of procuring two Canberra-class LHD's, the first of which was commissioned in November 2015, while the second is expected to enter service in 2016. The ships will be the largest in Australian naval history. Their primary roles are to embark, transport and deploy an embarked f...
What is one primary role of the Canbera-class LDH?
{ "answer_start": [ 275 ], "text": [ "to embark, transport and deploy an embarked force" ] }
570ab8c54103511400d59968
Aircraft_carrier
The Royal Australian Navy is in the process of procuring two Canberra-class LHD's, the first of which was commissioned in November 2015, while the second is expected to enter service in 2016. The ships will be the largest in Australian naval history. Their primary roles are to embark, transport and deploy an embarked f...
How many helicopters is the LHD capable of launching?
{ "answer_start": [ 419 ], "text": [ "multiple helicopters at one time" ] }
570aba3b4103511400d5996e
Aircraft_carrier
The British Royal Navy is constructing two new larger STOVL aircraft carriers, the Queen Elizabeth class, to replace the three Invincible-class carriers. The ships will be named HMS Queen Elizabeth and HMS Prince of Wales. They will be able to operate up to 40 aircraft in peace time with a tailored group of up to 50, a...
What is the British Navy constructing to replace their three Invincible-class carriers?
{ "answer_start": [ 39 ], "text": [ "two new larger STOVL aircraft carriers, the Queen Elizabeth class" ] }
570aba3b4103511400d5996f
Aircraft_carrier
The British Royal Navy is constructing two new larger STOVL aircraft carriers, the Queen Elizabeth class, to replace the three Invincible-class carriers. The ships will be named HMS Queen Elizabeth and HMS Prince of Wales. They will be able to operate up to 40 aircraft in peace time with a tailored group of up to 50, a...
What will the 2 Queen Elizabeth class ships be named?
{ "answer_start": [ 178 ], "text": [ "HMS Queen Elizabeth and HMS Prince of Wales" ] }
570aba3b4103511400d59970
Aircraft_carrier
The British Royal Navy is constructing two new larger STOVL aircraft carriers, the Queen Elizabeth class, to replace the three Invincible-class carriers. The ships will be named HMS Queen Elizabeth and HMS Prince of Wales. They will be able to operate up to 40 aircraft in peace time with a tailored group of up to 50, a...
When are the 2 Queen Elizabeth class ships due to become operational?
{ "answer_start": [ 411 ], "text": [ "2020" ] }
570aba3b4103511400d59971
Aircraft_carrier
The British Royal Navy is constructing two new larger STOVL aircraft carriers, the Queen Elizabeth class, to replace the three Invincible-class carriers. The ships will be named HMS Queen Elizabeth and HMS Prince of Wales. They will be able to operate up to 40 aircraft in peace time with a tailored group of up to 50, a...
How many tonnes can the Queen Elizabeth class ships displace?
{ "answer_start": [ 351 ], "text": [ "70,600" ] }
570aba3b4103511400d59972
Aircraft_carrier
The British Royal Navy is constructing two new larger STOVL aircraft carriers, the Queen Elizabeth class, to replace the three Invincible-class carriers. The ships will be named HMS Queen Elizabeth and HMS Prince of Wales. They will be able to operate up to 40 aircraft in peace time with a tailored group of up to 50, a...
How large will the two Queen Elizabeth ships be?
{ "answer_start": [ 840 ], "text": [ "the largest warships ever built for the Royal Navy" ] }
570abc016d058f19001830b6
Aircraft_carrier
The constraints of constructing a flight deck affect the role of a given carrier strongly, as they influence the weight, type, and configuration of the aircraft that may be launched. For example, assisted launch mechanisms are used primarily for heavy aircraft, especially those loaded with air-to-ground weapons. CATOBA...
Why do the constraints of constructing a flight deck affect the role of a carrier?
{ "answer_start": [ 94 ], "text": [ "they influence the weight, type, and configuration of the aircraft that may be launched" ] }
570abc016d058f19001830b7
Aircraft_carrier
The constraints of constructing a flight deck affect the role of a given carrier strongly, as they influence the weight, type, and configuration of the aircraft that may be launched. For example, assisted launch mechanisms are used primarily for heavy aircraft, especially those loaded with air-to-ground weapons. CATOBA...
What are assisted launch mechanisms primarily used for?
{ "answer_start": [ 246 ], "text": [ "heavy aircraft" ] }
570abc016d058f19001830b8
Aircraft_carrier
The constraints of constructing a flight deck affect the role of a given carrier strongly, as they influence the weight, type, and configuration of the aircraft that may be launched. For example, assisted launch mechanisms are used primarily for heavy aircraft, especially those loaded with air-to-ground weapons. CATOBA...
What does CATOBAR allow for?
{ "answer_start": [ 382 ], "text": [ "deployment of heavy jets with full loadouts" ] }
570abc016d058f19001830b9
Aircraft_carrier
The constraints of constructing a flight deck affect the role of a given carrier strongly, as they influence the weight, type, and configuration of the aircraft that may be launched. For example, assisted launch mechanisms are used primarily for heavy aircraft, especially those loaded with air-to-ground weapons. CATOBA...
Why is STOVL used by other navies?
{ "answer_start": [ 503 ], "text": [ "it is cheaper to operate" ] }
570abe786d058f19001830c8
Aircraft_carrier
On the recovery side of the flight deck, the adaptation to the aircraft loadout is mirrored. Non-VTOL or conventional aircraft cannot decelerate on their own, and almost all carriers using them must have arrested-recovery systems (-BAR, e.g. CATOBAR or STOBAR) to recover their aircraft. Aircraft that are landing extend...
Why do almost all carriers using conventional aircraft have arrested-recovery systems?
{ "answer_start": [ 105 ], "text": [ "conventional aircraft cannot decelerate on their own" ] }
570abe786d058f19001830c9
Aircraft_carrier
On the recovery side of the flight deck, the adaptation to the aircraft loadout is mirrored. Non-VTOL or conventional aircraft cannot decelerate on their own, and almost all carriers using them must have arrested-recovery systems (-BAR, e.g. CATOBAR or STOBAR) to recover their aircraft. Aircraft that are landing extend...
What is the purpose of an arrested-recovery system?
{ "answer_start": [ 261 ], "text": [ "to recover their aircraft" ] }
570abe786d058f19001830ca
Aircraft_carrier
On the recovery side of the flight deck, the adaptation to the aircraft loadout is mirrored. Non-VTOL or conventional aircraft cannot decelerate on their own, and almost all carriers using them must have arrested-recovery systems (-BAR, e.g. CATOBAR or STOBAR) to recover their aircraft. Aircraft that are landing extend...
What do aircraft do when landing in order to stop on a short distance?
{ "answer_start": [ 314 ], "text": [ "extend a tailhook that catches on arrestor wires stretched across the deck" ] }
570abe786d058f19001830cb
Aircraft_carrier
On the recovery side of the flight deck, the adaptation to the aircraft loadout is mirrored. Non-VTOL or conventional aircraft cannot decelerate on their own, and almost all carriers using them must have arrested-recovery systems (-BAR, e.g. CATOBAR or STOBAR) to recover their aircraft. Aircraft that are landing extend...
What does a landing area angles off access allow an aircraft to do if if misses the arresting wires?
{ "answer_start": [ 620 ], "text": [ "bolt" ] }
570abe786d058f19001830cc
Aircraft_carrier
On the recovery side of the flight deck, the adaptation to the aircraft loadout is mirrored. Non-VTOL or conventional aircraft cannot decelerate on their own, and almost all carriers using them must have arrested-recovery systems (-BAR, e.g. CATOBAR or STOBAR) to recover their aircraft. Aircraft that are landing extend...
What can a "bolt" prevent an aircraft from doing?
{ "answer_start": [ 694 ], "text": [ "crashing into aircraft on the forward deck" ] }
570abf994103511400d59978
Aircraft_carrier
Key personnel involved in the flight deck include the shooters, the handler, and the air boss. Shooters are naval aviators or Naval Flight Officers and are responsible for launching aircraft. The handler works just inside the island from the flight deck and is responsible for the movement of aircraft before launching a...
What are 3 key personnel involved in the flight deck?
{ "answer_start": [ 50 ], "text": [ "the shooters, the handler, and the air boss" ] }
570abf994103511400d59979
Aircraft_carrier
Key personnel involved in the flight deck include the shooters, the handler, and the air boss. Shooters are naval aviators or Naval Flight Officers and are responsible for launching aircraft. The handler works just inside the island from the flight deck and is responsible for the movement of aircraft before launching a...
What are shooters responsible for?
{ "answer_start": [ 172 ], "text": [ "launching aircraft" ] }
570abf994103511400d5997a
Aircraft_carrier
Key personnel involved in the flight deck include the shooters, the handler, and the air boss. Shooters are naval aviators or Naval Flight Officers and are responsible for launching aircraft. The handler works just inside the island from the flight deck and is responsible for the movement of aircraft before launching a...
What is the handler responsible for?
{ "answer_start": [ 277 ], "text": [ "the movement of aircraft before launching and after recovery" ] }
570abf994103511400d5997b
Aircraft_carrier
Key personnel involved in the flight deck include the shooters, the handler, and the air boss. Shooters are naval aviators or Naval Flight Officers and are responsible for launching aircraft. The handler works just inside the island from the flight deck and is responsible for the movement of aircraft before launching a...
Where does the captain of the ship spend most of his time?
{ "answer_start": [ 745 ], "text": [ "on the Navigation Bridge" ] }
570abf994103511400d5997c
Aircraft_carrier
Key personnel involved in the flight deck include the shooters, the handler, and the air boss. Shooters are naval aviators or Naval Flight Officers and are responsible for launching aircraft. The handler works just inside the island from the flight deck and is responsible for the movement of aircraft before launching a...
Who is the Flag Bridge area of the ship designated for?
{ "answer_start": [ 817 ], "text": [ "the embarked admiral and his staff" ] }