id
stringlengths
24
24
title
stringclasses
442 values
context
stringlengths
151
3.71k
question
stringlengths
12
270
answers
dict
570ac16f4103511400d5998c
Aircraft_carrier
The disadvantage of the ski-jump is the penalty it exacts on aircraft size, payload, and fuel load (and thus range); heavily laden aircraft can not launch using a ski-jump because their high loaded weight requires either a longer takeoff roll than is possible on a carrier deck, or assistance from a catapult or JATO roc...
What is the disadvantage of the ski-jump?
{ "answer_start": [ 36 ], "text": [ "the penalty it exacts on aircraft size, payload, and fuel load" ] }
570ac16f4103511400d5998d
Aircraft_carrier
The disadvantage of the ski-jump is the penalty it exacts on aircraft size, payload, and fuel load (and thus range); heavily laden aircraft can not launch using a ski-jump because their high loaded weight requires either a longer takeoff roll than is possible on a carrier deck, or assistance from a catapult or JATO roc...
What cannot launch using a ski-jump due to their high loaded weight?
{ "answer_start": [ 117 ], "text": [ "heavily laden aircraft" ] }
570ac16f4103511400d5998e
Aircraft_carrier
The disadvantage of the ski-jump is the penalty it exacts on aircraft size, payload, and fuel load (and thus range); heavily laden aircraft can not launch using a ski-jump because their high loaded weight requires either a longer takeoff roll than is possible on a carrier deck, or assistance from a catapult or JATO roc...
What do heavily laden aircraft sometimes require the assistance from?
{ "answer_start": [ 298 ], "text": [ "a catapult or JATO rocket" ] }
570ac16f4103511400d5998f
Aircraft_carrier
The disadvantage of the ski-jump is the penalty it exacts on aircraft size, payload, and fuel load (and thus range); heavily laden aircraft can not launch using a ski-jump because their high loaded weight requires either a longer takeoff roll than is possible on a carrier deck, or assistance from a catapult or JATO roc...
Why is a ski-jump not included on mixed flight deck operations where helicopters are present?
{ "answer_start": [ 670 ], "text": [ "would eliminate one or more helicopter landing areas" ] }
570ac16f4103511400d59990
Aircraft_carrier
The disadvantage of the ski-jump is the penalty it exacts on aircraft size, payload, and fuel load (and thus range); heavily laden aircraft can not launch using a ski-jump because their high loaded weight requires either a longer takeoff roll than is possible on a carrier deck, or assistance from a catapult or JATO roc...
How is the Russian SU-33 able to launch from the carrier Admiral Kuznetsov?
{ "answer_start": [ 414 ], "text": [ "with a minimal armament and fuel load" ] }
570ac2e34103511400d599a0
Aircraft_carrier
One STOBAR carrier: Liaoning was originally built as the 57,000 tonne Soviet Admiral Kuznetsov-class carrier Varyag and was later purchased as a stripped hulk by China in 1998 on the pretext of use as a floating casino, then partially rebuilt and towed to China for completion. Liaoning was commissioned on 25 September ...
Why did China purchase the STOBAR carrier Liaoning in 1998?
{ "answer_start": [ 176 ], "text": [ "on the pretext of use as a floating casino" ] }
570ac2e34103511400d599a1
Aircraft_carrier
One STOBAR carrier: Liaoning was originally built as the 57,000 tonne Soviet Admiral Kuznetsov-class carrier Varyag and was later purchased as a stripped hulk by China in 1998 on the pretext of use as a floating casino, then partially rebuilt and towed to China for completion. Liaoning was commissioned on 25 September ...
What is Liaoning classifed as?
{ "answer_start": [ 507 ], "text": [ "a training ship" ] }
570ac2e34103511400d599a2
Aircraft_carrier
One STOBAR carrier: Liaoning was originally built as the 57,000 tonne Soviet Admiral Kuznetsov-class carrier Varyag and was later purchased as a stripped hulk by China in 1998 on the pretext of use as a floating casino, then partially rebuilt and towed to China for completion. Liaoning was commissioned on 25 September ...
What is the Liaoning intended to help the navy practice with?
{ "answer_start": [ 568 ], "text": [ "carrier usage" ] }
570ac2e34103511400d599a3
Aircraft_carrier
One STOBAR carrier: Liaoning was originally built as the 57,000 tonne Soviet Admiral Kuznetsov-class carrier Varyag and was later purchased as a stripped hulk by China in 1998 on the pretext of use as a floating casino, then partially rebuilt and towed to China for completion. Liaoning was commissioned on 25 September ...
Why is Liaoning not assigned to any of China's operation fleets?
{ "answer_start": [ 884 ], "text": [ "it is a training ship" ] }
570ac2e34103511400d599a4
Aircraft_carrier
One STOBAR carrier: Liaoning was originally built as the 57,000 tonne Soviet Admiral Kuznetsov-class carrier Varyag and was later purchased as a stripped hulk by China in 1998 on the pretext of use as a floating casino, then partially rebuilt and towed to China for completion. Liaoning was commissioned on 25 September ...
Why did the Chinese PLA Navy need 4-5 years for Liaoning to reach full capacity?
{ "answer_start": [ 825 ], "text": [ "this is the first aircraft carrier in their possession" ] }
570ac3de6d058f19001830d2
Aircraft_carrier
India started the construction of a 40,000-tonne, 260-metre-long (850 ft) Vikrant-class aircraft carrier in 2009. The new carrier will operate MiG-29K and naval HAL Tejas aircraft along with the Indian-made helicopter HAL Dhruv. The ship will be powered by four gas-turbine engines and will have a range of 8,000 nautica...
Who started construction of a 40,000-tonne Vikrant-class carrier in 2009?
{ "answer_start": [ 0 ], "text": [ "India" ] }
570ac3de6d058f19001830d3
Aircraft_carrier
India started the construction of a 40,000-tonne, 260-metre-long (850 ft) Vikrant-class aircraft carrier in 2009. The new carrier will operate MiG-29K and naval HAL Tejas aircraft along with the Indian-made helicopter HAL Dhruv. The ship will be powered by four gas-turbine engines and will have a range of 8,000 nautica...
What will power the Indian-made ship?
{ "answer_start": [ 257 ], "text": [ "four gas-turbine engines" ] }
570ac3de6d058f19001830d4
Aircraft_carrier
India started the construction of a 40,000-tonne, 260-metre-long (850 ft) Vikrant-class aircraft carrier in 2009. The new carrier will operate MiG-29K and naval HAL Tejas aircraft along with the Indian-made helicopter HAL Dhruv. The ship will be powered by four gas-turbine engines and will have a range of 8,000 nautica...
What will the range of the Indian-made ship be, carrying 160 officers, 1400 sailers, and 30 aircraft?
{ "answer_start": [ 307 ], "text": [ "8,000 nautical miles" ] }
570ac3de6d058f19001830d5
Aircraft_carrier
India started the construction of a 40,000-tonne, 260-metre-long (850 ft) Vikrant-class aircraft carrier in 2009. The new carrier will operate MiG-29K and naval HAL Tejas aircraft along with the Indian-made helicopter HAL Dhruv. The ship will be powered by four gas-turbine engines and will have a range of 8,000 nautica...
Who is constructing the Indian-made ship?
{ "answer_start": [ 440 ], "text": [ "Cochin Shipyard" ] }
570ac3de6d058f19001830d6
Aircraft_carrier
India started the construction of a 40,000-tonne, 260-metre-long (850 ft) Vikrant-class aircraft carrier in 2009. The new carrier will operate MiG-29K and naval HAL Tejas aircraft along with the Indian-made helicopter HAL Dhruv. The ship will be powered by four gas-turbine engines and will have a range of 8,000 nautica...
When was the Indian-made ship launched?
{ "answer_start": [ 482 ], "text": [ "August 2013" ] }
570ac50b4103511400d599bc
Aircraft_carrier
Carriers have evolved since their inception in the early twentieth century from wooden vessels used to deploy balloons to nuclear-powered warships that carry dozens of aircraft, including fighter jets and helicopters. As of 3 March 2016, there are thirty-seven active aircraft carriers in the world within twelve navies....
What were carriers used for in the early 20th century?
{ "answer_start": [ 100 ], "text": [ "to deploy balloons" ] }
570ac50b4103511400d599bd
Aircraft_carrier
Carriers have evolved since their inception in the early twentieth century from wooden vessels used to deploy balloons to nuclear-powered warships that carry dozens of aircraft, including fighter jets and helicopters. As of 3 March 2016, there are thirty-seven active aircraft carriers in the world within twelve navies....
As of 3/3/2016, how many active aircraft carriers are there worldwide?
{ "answer_start": [ 248 ], "text": [ "thirty-seven" ] }
570ac50b4103511400d599be
Aircraft_carrier
Carriers have evolved since their inception in the early twentieth century from wooden vessels used to deploy balloons to nuclear-powered warships that carry dozens of aircraft, including fighter jets and helicopters. As of 3 March 2016, there are thirty-seven active aircraft carriers in the world within twelve navies....
What is another name for the 10 large nuclear-powered carriers operated by the U.S. Navy?
{ "answer_start": [ 392 ], "text": [ "supercarriers" ] }
570ac50b4103511400d599bf
Aircraft_carrier
Carriers have evolved since their inception in the early twentieth century from wooden vessels used to deploy balloons to nuclear-powered warships that carry dozens of aircraft, including fighter jets and helicopters. As of 3 March 2016, there are thirty-seven active aircraft carriers in the world within twelve navies....
How many aircraft can supercarriers carry?
{ "answer_start": [ 416 ], "text": [ "up to 90" ] }
570ac50b4103511400d599c0
Aircraft_carrier
Carriers have evolved since their inception in the early twentieth century from wooden vessels used to deploy balloons to nuclear-powered warships that carry dozens of aircraft, including fighter jets and helicopters. As of 3 March 2016, there are thirty-seven active aircraft carriers in the world within twelve navies....
Who owns the largest carriers in the world?
{ "answer_start": [ 321 ], "text": [ "The United States Navy" ] }
570ac5ed4103511400d599c6
Aircraft_carrier
There is no single definition of an "aircraft carrier", and modern navies use several variants of the type. These variants are sometimes categorized as sub-types of aircraft carriers, and sometimes as distinct types of naval aviation-capable ships. Aircraft carriers may be classified according to the type of aircraft t...
What is the definition of an "aircraft carrier"?
{ "answer_start": [ 0 ], "text": [ "There is no single definition" ] }
570ac5ed4103511400d599c7
Aircraft_carrier
There is no single definition of an "aircraft carrier", and modern navies use several variants of the type. These variants are sometimes categorized as sub-types of aircraft carriers, and sometimes as distinct types of naval aviation-capable ships. Aircraft carriers may be classified according to the type of aircraft t...
How may aircraft carriers be classified?
{ "answer_start": [ 285 ], "text": [ "according to the type of aircraft they carry and their operational assignments" ] }
570ac5ed4103511400d599c8
Aircraft_carrier
There is no single definition of an "aircraft carrier", and modern navies use several variants of the type. These variants are sometimes categorized as sub-types of aircraft carriers, and sometimes as distinct types of naval aviation-capable ships. Aircraft carriers may be classified according to the type of aircraft t...
Who is Admiral Sir Mark Stanhope?
{ "answer_start": [ 392 ], "text": [ "former head of the Royal Navy" ] }
570ac5ed4103511400d599c9
Aircraft_carrier
There is no single definition of an "aircraft carrier", and modern navies use several variants of the type. These variants are sometimes categorized as sub-types of aircraft carriers, and sometimes as distinct types of naval aviation-capable ships. Aircraft carriers may be classified according to the type of aircraft t...
Who said, "countries that aspire to strategic international influence have aircraft carriers"?
{ "answer_start": [ 365 ], "text": [ "Admiral Sir Mark Stanhope" ] }
570ac7a74103511400d599d2
Aircraft_carrier
The aircraft carrier dramatically changed naval combat in World War II, because air power was becoming a significant factor in warfare. The advent of aircraft as focal weapons was driven by the superior range, flexibility and effectiveness of carrier-launched aircraft. They had higher range and precision than naval gun...
What dramatically changed naval combat in World War II?
{ "answer_start": [ 0 ], "text": [ "The aircraft carrier" ] }
570ac7a74103511400d599d3
Aircraft_carrier
The aircraft carrier dramatically changed naval combat in World War II, because air power was becoming a significant factor in warfare. The advent of aircraft as focal weapons was driven by the superior range, flexibility and effectiveness of carrier-launched aircraft. They had higher range and precision than naval gun...
What drove the advent of carrier-launched aircraft as focal weapons?
{ "answer_start": [ 190 ], "text": [ "the superior range, flexibility and effectiveness" ] }
570ac7a74103511400d599d4
Aircraft_carrier
The aircraft carrier dramatically changed naval combat in World War II, because air power was becoming a significant factor in warfare. The advent of aircraft as focal weapons was driven by the superior range, flexibility and effectiveness of carrier-launched aircraft. They had higher range and precision than naval gun...
Why were carrier-launched aircraft more effective than naval guns?
{ "answer_start": [ 270 ], "text": [ "They had higher range and precision" ] }
570ac7a74103511400d599d5
Aircraft_carrier
The aircraft carrier dramatically changed naval combat in World War II, because air power was becoming a significant factor in warfare. The advent of aircraft as focal weapons was driven by the superior range, flexibility and effectiveness of carrier-launched aircraft. They had higher range and precision than naval gun...
What was signalled in 1940 when HMS Illustrious launched an strike on an Italian fleet?
{ "answer_start": [ 526 ], "text": [ "the beginning of the effective and highly mobile aircraft strikes" ] }
570ac7a74103511400d599d6
Aircraft_carrier
The aircraft carrier dramatically changed naval combat in World War II, because air power was becoming a significant factor in warfare. The advent of aircraft as focal weapons was driven by the superior range, flexibility and effectiveness of carrier-launched aircraft. They had higher range and precision than naval gun...
What event showed the vulnerability of carriers when forced into gun-range enounters?
{ "answer_start": [ 1190 ], "text": [ "the sinking of HMS Glorious by German battleships" ] }
570ac9296d058f19001830f6
Aircraft_carrier
The development of flattop vessels produced the first large fleet ships. In 1918, HMS Argus became the world's first carrier capable of launching and recovering naval aircraft. As a result of the Washington Naval Treaty of 1922, which limited the construction of new heavy surface combat ships, most early aircraft carri...
What develpment produced the first large fleet ships?
{ "answer_start": [ 19 ], "text": [ "flattop vessels" ] }
570ac9296d058f19001830f7
Aircraft_carrier
The development of flattop vessels produced the first large fleet ships. In 1918, HMS Argus became the world's first carrier capable of launching and recovering naval aircraft. As a result of the Washington Naval Treaty of 1922, which limited the construction of new heavy surface combat ships, most early aircraft carri...
What was the world's first carrier capable of launching and recovering naval aircraft?
{ "answer_start": [ 82 ], "text": [ "HMS Argus" ] }
570ac9296d058f19001830f8
Aircraft_carrier
The development of flattop vessels produced the first large fleet ships. In 1918, HMS Argus became the world's first carrier capable of launching and recovering naval aircraft. As a result of the Washington Naval Treaty of 1922, which limited the construction of new heavy surface combat ships, most early aircraft carri...
What did the Washington Naval Treaty of 1922 limit?
{ "answer_start": [ 243 ], "text": [ "the construction of new heavy surface combat ships" ] }
570ac9296d058f19001830f9
Aircraft_carrier
The development of flattop vessels produced the first large fleet ships. In 1918, HMS Argus became the world's first carrier capable of launching and recovering naval aircraft. As a result of the Washington Naval Treaty of 1922, which limited the construction of new heavy surface combat ships, most early aircraft carri...
What caused early aircraft carriers to be made up of conversions of ships that were previously cargo ships, cruisers or battlecruisers?
{ "answer_start": [ 196 ], "text": [ "Washington Naval Treaty of 1922" ] }
570ac9296d058f19001830fa
Aircraft_carrier
The development of flattop vessels produced the first large fleet ships. In 1918, HMS Argus became the world's first carrier capable of launching and recovering naval aircraft. As a result of the Washington Naval Treaty of 1922, which limited the construction of new heavy surface combat ships, most early aircraft carri...
What type of aircraft carriers did these ship conversions give rise to in 1927?
{ "answer_start": [ 501 ], "text": [ "Lexington-class" ] }
570ad72b4103511400d59a72
Aircraft_carrier
In December 2009, then Indian Navy chief Admiral Nirmal Kumar Verma said at his maiden navy week press conference that concepts currently being examined by the Directorate of Naval Design for the second indigenous aircraft carrier (IAC-2), are for a conventionally powered carrier displacing over 50,000 tons and equippe...
What does EMALS stand for?
{ "answer_start": [ 652 ], "text": [ "Electromagnetic Aircraft Launch System" ] }
570ad72b4103511400d59a73
Aircraft_carrier
In December 2009, then Indian Navy chief Admiral Nirmal Kumar Verma said at his maiden navy week press conference that concepts currently being examined by the Directorate of Naval Design for the second indigenous aircraft carrier (IAC-2), are for a conventionally powered carrier displacing over 50,000 tons and equippe...
Who developed EMALS?
{ "answer_start": [ 791 ], "text": [ "General Atomics" ] }
570ad72b4103511400d59a74
Aircraft_carrier
In December 2009, then Indian Navy chief Admiral Nirmal Kumar Verma said at his maiden navy week press conference that concepts currently being examined by the Directorate of Naval Design for the second indigenous aircraft carrier (IAC-2), are for a conventionally powered carrier displacing over 50,000 tons and equippe...
What do EMALS enable the launching of?
{ "answer_start": [ 1014 ], "text": [ "varied aircraft including unmanned combat air vehicles (UCAV)" ] }
570ad72b4103511400d59a75
Aircraft_carrier
In December 2009, then Indian Navy chief Admiral Nirmal Kumar Verma said at his maiden navy week press conference that concepts currently being examined by the Directorate of Naval Design for the second indigenous aircraft carrier (IAC-2), are for a conventionally powered carrier displacing over 50,000 tons and equippe...
Who was impressed by the demonstration of EMALS by General Atomics?
{ "answer_start": [ 906 ], "text": [ "Indian Navy officers" ] }
570ad72b4103511400d59a76
Aircraft_carrier
In December 2009, then Indian Navy chief Admiral Nirmal Kumar Verma said at his maiden navy week press conference that concepts currently being examined by the Directorate of Naval Design for the second indigenous aircraft carrier (IAC-2), are for a conventionally powered carrier displacing over 50,000 tons and equippe...
How many in-service aircraft carriers are aimed for with EMALS?
{ "answer_start": [ 1107 ], "text": [ "three" ] }
570ad8714103511400d59a86
Aircraft_carrier
In August 2013, a launching ceremony for Japan's largest military ship since World War II was held in Yokohama. The 820-foot-long (250 m), 19,500-ton flattop Izumo was deployed in March 2015. The ship is able to carry up to 14 helicopters; however, only seven ASW helicopters and two SAR helicopters were planned for the...
What was the August 2013 launching ceremony in Yokohama held for?
{ "answer_start": [ 41 ], "text": [ "Japan's largest military ship since World War II" ] }
570ad8714103511400d59a87
Aircraft_carrier
In August 2013, a launching ceremony for Japan's largest military ship since World War II was held in Yokohama. The 820-foot-long (250 m), 19,500-ton flattop Izumo was deployed in March 2015. The ship is able to carry up to 14 helicopters; however, only seven ASW helicopters and two SAR helicopters were planned for the...
How many helicopters can simultaneously land on Japan's largest military ship?
{ "answer_start": [ 473 ], "text": [ "five" ] }
570ad8714103511400d59a88
Aircraft_carrier
In August 2013, a launching ceremony for Japan's largest military ship since World War II was held in Yokohama. The 820-foot-long (250 m), 19,500-ton flattop Izumo was deployed in March 2015. The ship is able to carry up to 14 helicopters; however, only seven ASW helicopters and two SAR helicopters were planned for the...
How long is Japan's largest military ship?
{ "answer_start": [ 116 ], "text": [ "820-foot-long (250 m)" ] }
570ad8714103511400d59a89
Aircraft_carrier
In August 2013, a launching ceremony for Japan's largest military ship since World War II was held in Yokohama. The 820-foot-long (250 m), 19,500-ton flattop Izumo was deployed in March 2015. The ship is able to carry up to 14 helicopters; however, only seven ASW helicopters and two SAR helicopters were planned for the...
How many troops can Japan's largest military ship carry?
{ "answer_start": [ 372 ], "text": [ "400" ] }
570ad8714103511400d59a8a
Aircraft_carrier
In August 2013, a launching ceremony for Japan's largest military ship since World War II was held in Yokohama. The 820-foot-long (250 m), 19,500-ton flattop Izumo was deployed in March 2015. The ship is able to carry up to 14 helicopters; however, only seven ASW helicopters and two SAR helicopters were planned for the...
How much does Japan's largest military ship weigh?
{ "answer_start": [ 139 ], "text": [ "19,500-ton" ] }
570af1386b8089140040f626
Aircraft_carrier
The current US fleet of Nimitz-class carriers will be followed into service (and in some cases replaced) by the ten-ship Gerald R. Ford class. It is expected that the ships will be more automated in an effort to reduce the amount of funding required to staff, maintain and operate its supercarriers. The main new feature...
What will some of the current US fleet of Nimitz-class carriers be replaced with?
{ "answer_start": [ 108 ], "text": [ "the ten-ship Gerald R. Ford class" ] }
570af1386b8089140040f627
Aircraft_carrier
The current US fleet of Nimitz-class carriers will be followed into service (and in some cases replaced) by the ten-ship Gerald R. Ford class. It is expected that the ships will be more automated in an effort to reduce the amount of funding required to staff, maintain and operate its supercarriers. The main new feature...
Which feature of the new ships will replace the old steam catapults?
{ "answer_start": [ 344 ], "text": [ "Electromagnetic Aircraft Launch System (EMALS)" ] }
570af1386b8089140040f628
Aircraft_carrier
The current US fleet of Nimitz-class carriers will be followed into service (and in some cases replaced) by the ten-ship Gerald R. Ford class. It is expected that the ships will be more automated in an effort to reduce the amount of funding required to staff, maintain and operate its supercarriers. The main new feature...
When is the USS Enterprise scheduled to be decommissioned?
{ "answer_start": [ 549 ], "text": [ "2016" ] }
570af1386b8089140040f629
Aircraft_carrier
The current US fleet of Nimitz-class carriers will be followed into service (and in some cases replaced) by the ten-ship Gerald R. Ford class. It is expected that the ships will be more automated in an effort to reduce the amount of funding required to staff, maintain and operate its supercarriers. The main new feature...
How much does the Gerald R. Ford-class carrier weigh?
{ "answer_start": [ 863 ], "text": [ "100,000 ton" ] }
570af1386b8089140040f62a
Aircraft_carrier
The current US fleet of Nimitz-class carriers will be followed into service (and in some cases replaced) by the ten-ship Gerald R. Ford class. It is expected that the ships will be more automated in an effort to reduce the amount of funding required to staff, maintain and operate its supercarriers. The main new feature...
How much does the America-class amphibious assault ship weigh?
{ "answer_start": [ 964 ], "text": [ "45,000 ton" ] }
570afdc16b8089140040f68a
Aircraft_carrier
If the aircraft are VTOL-capable or helicopters, they do not need to decelerate and hence there is no such need. The arrested-recovery system has used an angled deck since the 1950s because, in case the aircraft does not catch the arresting wire, the short deck allows easier take off by reducing the number of objects b...
What type of aircraft have no need to decelerate?
{ "answer_start": [ 20 ], "text": [ "VTOL-capable or helicopters" ] }
570afdc16b8089140040f68b
Aircraft_carrier
If the aircraft are VTOL-capable or helicopters, they do not need to decelerate and hence there is no such need. The arrested-recovery system has used an angled deck since the 1950s because, in case the aircraft does not catch the arresting wire, the short deck allows easier take off by reducing the number of objects b...
What does the angled deck separate the recovery operation area from?
{ "answer_start": [ 440 ], "text": [ "the launch area" ] }
570afdc16b8089140040f68c
Aircraft_carrier
If the aircraft are VTOL-capable or helicopters, they do not need to decelerate and hence there is no such need. The arrested-recovery system has used an angled deck since the 1950s because, in case the aircraft does not catch the arresting wire, the short deck allows easier take off by reducing the number of objects b...
What does V/STOL refer to?
{ "answer_start": [ 473 ], "text": [ "aircraft capable of vertical or short take-off and landing" ] }
570afdc16b8089140040f68d
Aircraft_carrier
If the aircraft are VTOL-capable or helicopters, they do not need to decelerate and hence there is no such need. The arrested-recovery system has used an angled deck since the 1950s because, in case the aircraft does not catch the arresting wire, the short deck allows easier take off by reducing the number of objects b...
What capability do helicopters use to move over the flight deck and land vertically?
{ "answer_start": [ 625 ], "text": [ "hover" ] }
570afdc16b8089140040f68e
Aircraft_carrier
If the aircraft are VTOL-capable or helicopters, they do not need to decelerate and hence there is no such need. The arrested-recovery system has used an angled deck since the 1950s because, in case the aircraft does not catch the arresting wire, the short deck allows easier take off by reducing the number of objects b...
What don't helicopters need because of having hover capablility?
{ "answer_start": [ 712 ], "text": [ "arresting gear" ] }
570afee9ec8fbc190045b7b0
Aircraft_carrier
The superstructure of a carrier (such as the bridge, flight control tower) are concentrated in a relatively small area called an island, a feature pioneered on the HMS Hermes in 1923. While the island is usually built on the starboard side of the fight deck, the Japanese aircraft carriers Akagi and Hiryū had their isla...
What feature was pioneered on the HMS Hermes in 1923?
{ "answer_start": [ 126 ], "text": [ "an island" ] }
570afee9ec8fbc190045b7b1
Aircraft_carrier
The superstructure of a carrier (such as the bridge, flight control tower) are concentrated in a relatively small area called an island, a feature pioneered on the HMS Hermes in 1923. While the island is usually built on the starboard side of the fight deck, the Japanese aircraft carriers Akagi and Hiryū had their isla...
What is concentrated in the small area called an island?
{ "answer_start": [ 0 ], "text": [ "The superstructure of a carrier" ] }
570afee9ec8fbc190045b7b2
Aircraft_carrier
The superstructure of a carrier (such as the bridge, flight control tower) are concentrated in a relatively small area called an island, a feature pioneered on the HMS Hermes in 1923. While the island is usually built on the starboard side of the fight deck, the Japanese aircraft carriers Akagi and Hiryū had their isla...
Other than Japanese carriers, which side of the flight deck are islands typically built on?
{ "answer_start": [ 225 ], "text": [ "starboard" ] }
570afee9ec8fbc190045b7b3
Aircraft_carrier
The superstructure of a carrier (such as the bridge, flight control tower) are concentrated in a relatively small area called an island, a feature pioneered on the HMS Hermes in 1923. While the island is usually built on the starboard side of the fight deck, the Japanese aircraft carriers Akagi and Hiryū had their isla...
What was the biggest drawback to the flush deck configuration?
{ "answer_start": [ 501 ], "text": [ "management of the exhaust from the power plant" ] }
570afee9ec8fbc190045b7b4
Aircraft_carrier
The superstructure of a carrier (such as the bridge, flight control tower) are concentrated in a relatively small area called an island, a feature pioneered on the HMS Hermes in 1923. While the island is usually built on the starboard side of the fight deck, the Japanese aircraft carriers Akagi and Hiryū had their isla...
What was a major issue in the USS Langley?
{ "answer_start": [ 549 ], "text": [ "Fumes coming across the deck" ] }
570affb86b8089140040f694
Aircraft_carrier
1 CATOBAR carrier: Charles de Gaulle is a 42,000 tonne nuclear-powered aircraft carrier, commissioned in 2001 and is the flagship of the French Navy (Marine Nationale). The ship carries a complement of Dassault-Breguet Super Étendard, Dassault Rafale M and E‑2C Hawkeye aircraft, EC725 Caracal and AS532 Cougar helicopte...
What is the name of the 42,000 tonne nuclear-powered carrier commissioned in 2001?
{ "answer_start": [ 19 ], "text": [ "Charles de Gaulle" ] }
570affb86b8089140040f695
Aircraft_carrier
1 CATOBAR carrier: Charles de Gaulle is a 42,000 tonne nuclear-powered aircraft carrier, commissioned in 2001 and is the flagship of the French Navy (Marine Nationale). The ship carries a complement of Dassault-Breguet Super Étendard, Dassault Rafale M and E‑2C Hawkeye aircraft, EC725 Caracal and AS532 Cougar helicopte...
What is the Charles de Gaulle the flagship of?
{ "answer_start": [ 133 ], "text": [ "the French Navy" ] }
570affb86b8089140040f696
Aircraft_carrier
1 CATOBAR carrier: Charles de Gaulle is a 42,000 tonne nuclear-powered aircraft carrier, commissioned in 2001 and is the flagship of the French Navy (Marine Nationale). The ship carries a complement of Dassault-Breguet Super Étendard, Dassault Rafale M and E‑2C Hawkeye aircraft, EC725 Caracal and AS532 Cougar helicopte...
What type of missiles does the Charles de Gaulle carry?
{ "answer_start": [ 387 ], "text": [ "Aster" ] }
570affb86b8089140040f697
Aircraft_carrier
1 CATOBAR carrier: Charles de Gaulle is a 42,000 tonne nuclear-powered aircraft carrier, commissioned in 2001 and is the flagship of the French Navy (Marine Nationale). The ship carries a complement of Dassault-Breguet Super Étendard, Dassault Rafale M and E‑2C Hawkeye aircraft, EC725 Caracal and AS532 Cougar helicopte...
What is another name for the French Navy?
{ "answer_start": [ 150 ], "text": [ "Marine Nationale" ] }
570affb86b8089140040f698
Aircraft_carrier
1 CATOBAR carrier: Charles de Gaulle is a 42,000 tonne nuclear-powered aircraft carrier, commissioned in 2001 and is the flagship of the French Navy (Marine Nationale). The ship carries a complement of Dassault-Breguet Super Étendard, Dassault Rafale M and E‑2C Hawkeye aircraft, EC725 Caracal and AS532 Cougar helicopte...
What type of carrier is the Charles de Gaulle?
{ "answer_start": [ 411 ], "text": [ "CATOBAR" ] }
570b03536b8089140040f6db
Aircraft_carrier
With the deactivation of USS Enterprise in December 2012, the U.S. fleet comprises 10 supercarriers. The House Armed Services Seapower subcommittee on 24 July 2007, recommended seven or maybe eight new carriers (one every four years). However, the debate has deepened over budgeting for the $12–14.5 billion (plus $12 bi...
How many new carriers per year did the House Armed Services Seapower subcommittee recommend in 7/24/07?
{ "answer_start": [ 212 ], "text": [ "one every four years" ] }
570b03536b8089140040f6dc
Aircraft_carrier
With the deactivation of USS Enterprise in December 2012, the U.S. fleet comprises 10 supercarriers. The House Armed Services Seapower subcommittee on 24 July 2007, recommended seven or maybe eight new carriers (one every four years). However, the debate has deepened over budgeting for the $12–14.5 billion (plus $12 bi...
What class does the USS America belong to?
{ "answer_start": [ 476 ], "text": [ "America-class amphibious assault ships" ] }
570b03536b8089140040f6da
Aircraft_carrier
With the deactivation of USS Enterprise in December 2012, the U.S. fleet comprises 10 supercarriers. The House Armed Services Seapower subcommittee on 24 July 2007, recommended seven or maybe eight new carriers (one every four years). However, the debate has deepened over budgeting for the $12–14.5 billion (plus $12 bi...
How many supercarriers did the U.S. fleet have following the deactivation of the USS Enterprise?
{ "answer_start": [ 83 ], "text": [ "10" ] }
570b03536b8089140040f6dd
Aircraft_carrier
With the deactivation of USS Enterprise in December 2012, the U.S. fleet comprises 10 supercarriers. The House Armed Services Seapower subcommittee on 24 July 2007, recommended seven or maybe eight new carriers (one every four years). However, the debate has deepened over budgeting for the $12–14.5 billion (plus $12 bi...
What is the USS America capable of destroying squadrons of?
{ "answer_start": [ 554 ], "text": [ "F-35Bs" ] }
570b03536b8089140040f6de
Aircraft_carrier
With the deactivation of USS Enterprise in December 2012, the U.S. fleet comprises 10 supercarriers. The House Armed Services Seapower subcommittee on 24 July 2007, recommended seven or maybe eight new carriers (one every four years). However, the debate has deepened over budgeting for the $12–14.5 billion (plus $12 bi...
Which other carrier joins the USS America in active service?
{ "answer_start": [ 639 ], "text": [ "USS Tripoli" ] }
570b04bf6b8089140040f6e4
Aircraft_carrier
Since World War II, aircraft carrier designs have increased in size to accommodate a steady increase in aircraft size. The large, modern Nimitz class of US carriers has a displacement nearly four times that of the World War II–era USS Enterprise, yet its complement of aircraft is roughly the same—a consequence of the s...
Why have aircraft carriers increased in size since World War II?
{ "answer_start": [ 68 ], "text": [ "to accommodate a steady increase in aircraft size" ] }
570b04bf6b8089140040f6e5
Aircraft_carrier
Since World War II, aircraft carrier designs have increased in size to accommodate a steady increase in aircraft size. The large, modern Nimitz class of US carriers has a displacement nearly four times that of the World War II–era USS Enterprise, yet its complement of aircraft is roughly the same—a consequence of the s...
How much more displacement does the modern Nimitz class have compared to the older USS Enterprise?
{ "answer_start": [ 184 ], "text": [ "nearly four times" ] }
570b04bf6b8089140040f6e6
Aircraft_carrier
Since World War II, aircraft carrier designs have increased in size to accommodate a steady increase in aircraft size. The large, modern Nimitz class of US carriers has a displacement nearly four times that of the World War II–era USS Enterprise, yet its complement of aircraft is roughly the same—a consequence of the s...
Why do nations risk significant political impacts if a carrier is lost or even used in conflict?
{ "answer_start": [ 392 ], "text": [ "Today's aircraft carriers are so expensive" ] }
570b04bf6b8089140040f6e7
Aircraft_carrier
Since World War II, aircraft carrier designs have increased in size to accommodate a steady increase in aircraft size. The large, modern Nimitz class of US carriers has a displacement nearly four times that of the World War II–era USS Enterprise, yet its complement of aircraft is roughly the same—a consequence of the s...
Which era does the USS Enterprise belong to?
{ "answer_start": [ 214 ], "text": [ "World War II" ] }
570b063eec8fbc190045b7e2
Aircraft_carrier
Conventional ("tailhook") aircraft rely upon a landing signal officer (LSO, radio call sign paddles) to monitor the aircraft's approach, visually gauge glideslope, attitude, and airspeed, and transmit that data to the pilot. Before the angled deck emerged in the 1950s, LSOs used colored paddles to signal corrections to...
What does LSO stand for?
{ "answer_start": [ 47 ], "text": [ "landing signal officer" ] }
570b063eec8fbc190045b7e3
Aircraft_carrier
Conventional ("tailhook") aircraft rely upon a landing signal officer (LSO, radio call sign paddles) to monitor the aircraft's approach, visually gauge glideslope, attitude, and airspeed, and transmit that data to the pilot. Before the angled deck emerged in the 1950s, LSOs used colored paddles to signal corrections to...
Who does a conventional aircraft rely upon to moniter the aircraft's approach and transmit the data to the pilot?
{ "answer_start": [ 45 ], "text": [ "a landing signal officer" ] }
570b063eec8fbc190045b7e4
Aircraft_carrier
Conventional ("tailhook") aircraft rely upon a landing signal officer (LSO, radio call sign paddles) to monitor the aircraft's approach, visually gauge glideslope, attitude, and airspeed, and transmit that data to the pilot. Before the angled deck emerged in the 1950s, LSOs used colored paddles to signal corrections to...
What did LSO's use to signal corrections to the pilot prior to the angled deck designs introduced in the 1950's?
{ "answer_start": [ 280 ], "text": [ "colored paddles" ] }
570b063eec8fbc190045b7e5
Aircraft_carrier
Conventional ("tailhook") aircraft rely upon a landing signal officer (LSO, radio call sign paddles) to monitor the aircraft's approach, visually gauge glideslope, attitude, and airspeed, and transmit that data to the pilot. Before the angled deck emerged in the 1950s, LSOs used colored paddles to signal corrections to...
Which visual landing aids have provided information on proper glide slope since the late 1950's?
{ "answer_start": [ 409 ], "text": [ "Optical Landing System" ] }
570b063eec8fbc190045b7e6
Aircraft_carrier
Conventional ("tailhook") aircraft rely upon a landing signal officer (LSO, radio call sign paddles) to monitor the aircraft's approach, visually gauge glideslope, attitude, and airspeed, and transmit that data to the pilot. Before the angled deck emerged in the 1950s, LSOs used colored paddles to signal corrections to...
What are LSO's still being used to do?
{ "answer_start": [ 496 ], "text": [ "transmit voice calls to approaching pilots by radio" ] }
570b0780ec8fbc190045b7ec
Aircraft_carrier
Although STOVL aircraft are capable of taking off vertically from a spot on the deck, using the ramp and a running start is far more fuel efficient and permits a heavier launch weight. As catapults are unnecessary, carriers with this arrangement reduce weight, complexity, and space needed for complex steam or electroma...
What is a more fuel efficient way for STOVL aircraft to take off rather than vertically?
{ "answer_start": [ 86 ], "text": [ "using the ramp and a running start" ] }
570b0780ec8fbc190045b7ed
Aircraft_carrier
Although STOVL aircraft are capable of taking off vertically from a spot on the deck, using the ramp and a running start is far more fuel efficient and permits a heavier launch weight. As catapults are unnecessary, carriers with this arrangement reduce weight, complexity, and space needed for complex steam or electroma...
What kind of aircraft are capable of taking off vertically?
{ "answer_start": [ 9 ], "text": [ "STOVL" ] }
570b0780ec8fbc190045b7ee
Aircraft_carrier
Although STOVL aircraft are capable of taking off vertically from a spot on the deck, using the ramp and a running start is far more fuel efficient and permits a heavier launch weight. As catapults are unnecessary, carriers with this arrangement reduce weight, complexity, and space needed for complex steam or electroma...
What landing aircraft have removed the need for arresting cables?
{ "answer_start": [ 348 ], "text": [ "vertical" ] }
570b0780ec8fbc190045b7ef
Aircraft_carrier
Although STOVL aircraft are capable of taking off vertically from a spot on the deck, using the ramp and a running start is far more fuel efficient and permits a heavier launch weight. As catapults are unnecessary, carriers with this arrangement reduce weight, complexity, and space needed for complex steam or electroma...
What do Russian carriers include for launching lightly loaded conventional fighters?
{ "answer_start": [ 491 ], "text": [ "a ski-jump ramp" ] }
570b0780ec8fbc190045b7f0
Aircraft_carrier
Although STOVL aircraft are capable of taking off vertically from a spot on the deck, using the ramp and a running start is far more fuel efficient and permits a heavier launch weight. As catapults are unnecessary, carriers with this arrangement reduce weight, complexity, and space needed for complex steam or electroma...
What do Russian carriers still use to recover?
{ "answer_start": [ 584 ], "text": [ "traditional carrier arresting cables and a tailhook on their aircraft" ] }
570b0878ec8fbc190045b7f6
Aircraft_carrier
One CATOBAR carrier: São Paulo is a Clemenceau-class aircraft carrier currently in service with the Brazilian Navy. São Paulo was first commissioned in 1963 by the French Navy as Foch and was transferred in 2000 to Brazil, where she became the new flagship of the Brazilian Navy. During the period from 2005–2010, São Pa...
What class carrier is the Sao Paulo?
{ "answer_start": [ 36 ], "text": [ "Clemenceau" ] }
570b0878ec8fbc190045b7f7
Aircraft_carrier
One CATOBAR carrier: São Paulo is a Clemenceau-class aircraft carrier currently in service with the Brazilian Navy. São Paulo was first commissioned in 1963 by the French Navy as Foch and was transferred in 2000 to Brazil, where she became the new flagship of the Brazilian Navy. During the period from 2005–2010, São Pa...
Who is the Sao Paulo currently in service for?
{ "answer_start": [ 96 ], "text": [ "the Brazilian Navy" ] }
570b0878ec8fbc190045b7f8
Aircraft_carrier
One CATOBAR carrier: São Paulo is a Clemenceau-class aircraft carrier currently in service with the Brazilian Navy. São Paulo was first commissioned in 1963 by the French Navy as Foch and was transferred in 2000 to Brazil, where she became the new flagship of the Brazilian Navy. During the period from 2005–2010, São Pa...
Who was the Sao Paulo first commissioned by in 1963?
{ "answer_start": [ 160 ], "text": [ "the French Navy" ] }
570b0878ec8fbc190045b7f9
Aircraft_carrier
One CATOBAR carrier: São Paulo is a Clemenceau-class aircraft carrier currently in service with the Brazilian Navy. São Paulo was first commissioned in 1963 by the French Navy as Foch and was transferred in 2000 to Brazil, where she became the new flagship of the Brazilian Navy. During the period from 2005–2010, São Pa...
What did Sao Paulo undergo during the period from 2005-2010?
{ "answer_start": [ 334 ], "text": [ "extensive modernization" ] }
570b0878ec8fbc190045b7fa
Aircraft_carrier
One CATOBAR carrier: São Paulo is a Clemenceau-class aircraft carrier currently in service with the Brazilian Navy. São Paulo was first commissioned in 1963 by the French Navy as Foch and was transferred in 2000 to Brazil, where she became the new flagship of the Brazilian Navy. During the period from 2005–2010, São Pa...
What setback happened to Sao Paula in 2012?
{ "answer_start": [ 573 ], "text": [ "another major fire" ] }
570b09a96b8089140040f700
Aircraft_carrier
1 STOBAR carrier: Admiral Flota Sovetskovo Soyuza Kuznetsov: 55,000 tonne Admiral Kuznetsov-class STOBAR aircraft carrier. Launched in 1985 as Tbilisi, renamed and operational from 1995. Without catapults she can launch and recover lightly fueled naval fighters for air defense or anti-ship missions but not heavy conven...
What type of carrier is Admiral Flota Sovetskovo Soyuza Kuznetsov?
{ "answer_start": [ 2 ], "text": [ "STOBAR" ] }
570b09a96b8089140040f701
Aircraft_carrier
1 STOBAR carrier: Admiral Flota Sovetskovo Soyuza Kuznetsov: 55,000 tonne Admiral Kuznetsov-class STOBAR aircraft carrier. Launched in 1985 as Tbilisi, renamed and operational from 1995. Without catapults she can launch and recover lightly fueled naval fighters for air defense or anti-ship missions but not heavy conven...
When was Admiral Flota Sovetskovo Soyuza Kuznetsov first launched?
{ "answer_start": [ 132 ], "text": [ "in 1985" ] }
570b09a96b8089140040f702
Aircraft_carrier
1 STOBAR carrier: Admiral Flota Sovetskovo Soyuza Kuznetsov: 55,000 tonne Admiral Kuznetsov-class STOBAR aircraft carrier. Launched in 1985 as Tbilisi, renamed and operational from 1995. Without catapults she can launch and recover lightly fueled naval fighters for air defense or anti-ship missions but not heavy conven...
What was Admiral Flota Sovetskovo Soyuza Kuznetsov renamed?
{ "answer_start": [ 143 ], "text": [ "Tbilisi" ] }
570b09a96b8089140040f703
Aircraft_carrier
1 STOBAR carrier: Admiral Flota Sovetskovo Soyuza Kuznetsov: 55,000 tonne Admiral Kuznetsov-class STOBAR aircraft carrier. Launched in 1985 as Tbilisi, renamed and operational from 1995. Without catapults she can launch and recover lightly fueled naval fighters for air defense or anti-ship missions but not heavy conven...
What is unique about Tbilisi?
{ "answer_start": [ 430 ], "text": [ "carrying a heavy cruiser's complement of defensive weapons and large P-700 Granit offensive missiles" ] }
570b09a96b8089140040f704
Aircraft_carrier
1 STOBAR carrier: Admiral Flota Sovetskovo Soyuza Kuznetsov: 55,000 tonne Admiral Kuznetsov-class STOBAR aircraft carrier. Launched in 1985 as Tbilisi, renamed and operational from 1995. Without catapults she can launch and recover lightly fueled naval fighters for air defense or anti-ship missions but not heavy conven...
What will be removed from Tbilisi in order to enlarge her below decks aviation facilities?
{ "answer_start": [ 532 ], "text": [ "The P-700 systems" ] }
570b0ac3ec8fbc190045b800
Aircraft_carrier
The Royal Navy is constructing two new larger STOVL aircraft carriers, the Queen Elizabeth class, to replace the three now retired Invincible-class carriers. The ships are HMS Queen Elizabeth and HMS Prince of Wales. They will be able to operate up to 40 aircraft on peace time operations with a tailored group of up to ...
Which class of aircraft carriers is being constructed to replace the Invincible-class carriers?
{ "answer_start": [ 75 ], "text": [ "Queen Elizabeth" ] }
570b0ac3ec8fbc190045b801
Aircraft_carrier
The Royal Navy is constructing two new larger STOVL aircraft carriers, the Queen Elizabeth class, to replace the three now retired Invincible-class carriers. The ships are HMS Queen Elizabeth and HMS Prince of Wales. They will be able to operate up to 40 aircraft on peace time operations with a tailored group of up to ...
What will the displacement be for the HMS Queen Elizabeth?
{ "answer_start": [ 356 ], "text": [ "70,600 tonnes" ] }
570b0ac3ec8fbc190045b802
Aircraft_carrier
The Royal Navy is constructing two new larger STOVL aircraft carriers, the Queen Elizabeth class, to replace the three now retired Invincible-class carriers. The ships are HMS Queen Elizabeth and HMS Prince of Wales. They will be able to operate up to 40 aircraft on peace time operations with a tailored group of up to ...
When is HMS Queen Elizabeth projected to commission?
{ "answer_start": [ 418 ], "text": [ "in 2017" ] }
570b0ac3ec8fbc190045b803
Aircraft_carrier
The Royal Navy is constructing two new larger STOVL aircraft carriers, the Queen Elizabeth class, to replace the three now retired Invincible-class carriers. The ships are HMS Queen Elizabeth and HMS Prince of Wales. They will be able to operate up to 40 aircraft on peace time operations with a tailored group of up to ...
When is Prince of Wales projected to commission?
{ "answer_start": [ 454 ], "text": [ "in about 2020" ] }
570b0ac3ec8fbc190045b804
Aircraft_carrier
The Royal Navy is constructing two new larger STOVL aircraft carriers, the Queen Elizabeth class, to replace the three now retired Invincible-class carriers. The ships are HMS Queen Elizabeth and HMS Prince of Wales. They will be able to operate up to 40 aircraft on peace time operations with a tailored group of up to ...
Who is building HMS Queen Elizabeth and Prince of Wales?
{ "answer_start": [ 790 ], "text": [ "Royal Navy" ] }
570aa91f4103511400d598ca
Federal_Aviation_Administration
In 2007, two FAA whistleblowers, inspectors Charalambe "Bobby" Boutris and Douglas E. Peters, alleged that Boutris said he attempted to ground Southwest after finding cracks in the fuselage, but was prevented by supervisors he said were friendly with the airline. This was validated by a report by the Department of Tran...
When did two whisleblowers allege that Boutris attempted to ground Southwest Airlines?
{ "answer_start": [ 3 ], "text": [ "2007" ] }
570aa91f4103511400d598cb
Federal_Aviation_Administration
In 2007, two FAA whistleblowers, inspectors Charalambe "Bobby" Boutris and Douglas E. Peters, alleged that Boutris said he attempted to ground Southwest after finding cracks in the fuselage, but was prevented by supervisors he said were friendly with the airline. This was validated by a report by the Department of Tran...
How many planes did the FAA managers allow to fly in 2006 and 2007 that were overdue for safety inspections?
{ "answer_start": [ 394 ], "text": [ "46" ] }