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570d5d0cb3d812140066d746
Adolescence
A thorough understanding of adolescence in society depends on information from various perspectives, including psychology, biology, history, sociology, education, and anthropology. Within all of these perspectives, adolescence is viewed as a transitional period between childhood and adulthood, whose cultural purpose is...
What transitions occur during puberty in addition to living circumstances?
{ "answer_start": [ 415 ], "text": [ "education, training, employment and unemployment" ] }
570c4897fed7b91900d4582f
Adolescence
Puberty occurs through a long process and begins with a surge in hormone production, which in turn causes a number of physical changes. It is the stage of life characterized by the appearance and development of secondary sex characteristics (for example, a deeper voice and larger adam's apple in boys, and development o...
Puberty causes what to happen in boys?
{ "answer_start": [ 255 ], "text": [ "a deeper voice and larger adam's apple" ] }
570c4897fed7b91900d45830
Adolescence
Puberty occurs through a long process and begins with a surge in hormone production, which in turn causes a number of physical changes. It is the stage of life characterized by the appearance and development of secondary sex characteristics (for example, a deeper voice and larger adam's apple in boys, and development o...
What releases testosterone?
{ "answer_start": [ 782 ], "text": [ "The testes" ] }
570c4897fed7b91900d45831
Adolescence
Puberty occurs through a long process and begins with a surge in hormone production, which in turn causes a number of physical changes. It is the stage of life characterized by the appearance and development of secondary sex characteristics (for example, a deeper voice and larger adam's apple in boys, and development o...
What releases estrogen?
{ "answer_start": [ 829 ], "text": [ "the ovaries" ] }
570c4897fed7b91900d45832
Adolescence
Puberty occurs through a long process and begins with a surge in hormone production, which in turn causes a number of physical changes. It is the stage of life characterized by the appearance and development of secondary sex characteristics (for example, a deeper voice and larger adam's apple in boys, and development o...
What causes gynecomastia?
{ "answer_start": [ 1056 ], "text": [ "obesity." ] }
570c4897fed7b91900d45833
Adolescence
Puberty occurs through a long process and begins with a surge in hormone production, which in turn causes a number of physical changes. It is the stage of life characterized by the appearance and development of secondary sex characteristics (for example, a deeper voice and larger adam's apple in boys, and development o...
What causes puberty?
{ "answer_start": [ 54 ], "text": [ "a surge in hormone production" ] }
570d5cb5b3d812140066d739
Adolescence
Puberty occurs through a long process and begins with a surge in hormone production, which in turn causes a number of physical changes. It is the stage of life characterized by the appearance and development of secondary sex characteristics (for example, a deeper voice and larger adam's apple in boys, and development o...
A surge in hormone production triggers a number of physical changes during what stage of life?
{ "answer_start": [ 0 ], "text": [ "Puberty" ] }
570d5cb5b3d812140066d73a
Adolescence
Puberty occurs through a long process and begins with a surge in hormone production, which in turn causes a number of physical changes. It is the stage of life characterized by the appearance and development of secondary sex characteristics (for example, a deeper voice and larger adam's apple in boys, and development o...
Which gland secretes a surge of hormonal agents into the blood stream?
{ "answer_start": [ 463 ], "text": [ "pituitary" ] }
570d5cb5b3d812140066d73b
Adolescence
Puberty occurs through a long process and begins with a surge in hormone production, which in turn causes a number of physical changes. It is the stage of life characterized by the appearance and development of secondary sex characteristics (for example, a deeper voice and larger adam's apple in boys, and development o...
Which part of the body releases testosterone in males?
{ "answer_start": [ 786 ], "text": [ "testes" ] }
570d5cb5b3d812140066d73c
Adolescence
Puberty occurs through a long process and begins with a surge in hormone production, which in turn causes a number of physical changes. It is the stage of life characterized by the appearance and development of secondary sex characteristics (for example, a deeper voice and larger adam's apple in boys, and development o...
Which part of the body relesases estrogen in females?
{ "answer_start": [ 833 ], "text": [ "ovaries" ] }
570d5cb5b3d812140066d73d
Adolescence
Puberty occurs through a long process and begins with a surge in hormone production, which in turn causes a number of physical changes. It is the stage of life characterized by the appearance and development of secondary sex characteristics (for example, a deeper voice and larger adam's apple in boys, and development o...
An imbalance in sex hormones, tissue responsiveness, or obesity can cause what in boys?
{ "answer_start": [ 981 ], "text": [ "gynecomastia" ] }
570d5dcdfed7b91900d45f53
Adolescence
Pubertal development also affects circulatory and respiratory systems as an adolescents' heart and lungs increase in both size and capacity. These changes lead to increased strength and tolerance for exercise. Sex differences are apparent as males tend to develop "larger hearts and lungs, higher systolic blood pressure...
How do a person's heart and lungs change during puberty?
{ "answer_start": [ 105 ], "text": [ "increase in both size and capacity" ] }
570d5dcdfed7b91900d45f54
Adolescence
Pubertal development also affects circulatory and respiratory systems as an adolescents' heart and lungs increase in both size and capacity. These changes lead to increased strength and tolerance for exercise. Sex differences are apparent as males tend to develop "larger hearts and lungs, higher systolic blood pressure...
Increased size and capacity of the heart and lungs result in what changes to the body?
{ "answer_start": [ 163 ], "text": [ "increased strength and tolerance for exercise" ] }
570d5dcdfed7b91900d45f55
Adolescence
Pubertal development also affects circulatory and respiratory systems as an adolescents' heart and lungs increase in both size and capacity. These changes lead to increased strength and tolerance for exercise. Sex differences are apparent as males tend to develop "larger hearts and lungs, higher systolic blood pressure...
Which sex tends to develop larger hearts and lungs?
{ "answer_start": [ 242 ], "text": [ "males" ] }
570d5dcdfed7b91900d45f56
Adolescence
Pubertal development also affects circulatory and respiratory systems as an adolescents' heart and lungs increase in both size and capacity. These changes lead to increased strength and tolerance for exercise. Sex differences are apparent as males tend to develop "larger hearts and lungs, higher systolic blood pressure...
Which sex tends to have more red blood cells than the other?
{ "answer_start": [ 242 ], "text": [ "males" ] }
570d5dcdfed7b91900d45f57
Adolescence
Pubertal development also affects circulatory and respiratory systems as an adolescents' heart and lungs increase in both size and capacity. These changes lead to increased strength and tolerance for exercise. Sex differences are apparent as males tend to develop "larger hearts and lungs, higher systolic blood pressure...
Which body system are a person's lungs a major proponent of?
{ "answer_start": [ 50 ], "text": [ "respiratory" ] }
570d5ecfb3d812140066d773
Adolescence
The human brain is not fully developed by the time a person reaches puberty. Between the ages of 10 and 25, the brain undergoes changes that have important implications for behavior (see Cognitive development below). The brain reaches 90% of its adult size by the time a person is six years of age. Thus, the brain does ...
Is a person's brain fully developed by the time they reach puberty?
{ "answer_start": [ 19 ], "text": [ "not" ] }
570d5ecfb3d812140066d775
Adolescence
The human brain is not fully developed by the time a person reaches puberty. Between the ages of 10 and 25, the brain undergoes changes that have important implications for behavior (see Cognitive development below). The brain reaches 90% of its adult size by the time a person is six years of age. Thus, the brain does ...
The biggest changes in the brain during puberty occur in the parts of the cortex that process what kinds of information?
{ "answer_start": [ 559 ], "text": [ "cognitive and emotional" ] }
570d5ecfb3d812140066d777
Adolescence
The human brain is not fully developed by the time a person reaches puberty. Between the ages of 10 and 25, the brain undergoes changes that have important implications for behavior (see Cognitive development below). The brain reaches 90% of its adult size by the time a person is six years of age. Thus, the brain does ...
The brain reaches 90% of its adult size by the time a person reaches what year of age?
{ "answer_start": [ 281 ], "text": [ "six" ] }
570d5ecfb3d812140066d776
Adolescence
The human brain is not fully developed by the time a person reaches puberty. Between the ages of 10 and 25, the brain undergoes changes that have important implications for behavior (see Cognitive development below). The brain reaches 90% of its adult size by the time a person is six years of age. Thus, the brain does ...
What parts of the brain continue to become more complex into the late teens?
{ "answer_start": [ 375 ], "text": [ "creases" ] }
570d5ecfb3d812140066d774
Adolescence
The human brain is not fully developed by the time a person reaches puberty. Between the ages of 10 and 25, the brain undergoes changes that have important implications for behavior (see Cognitive development below). The brain reaches 90% of its adult size by the time a person is six years of age. Thus, the brain does ...
The brain reaches what percentage of its adult size by the time a person is six years old?
{ "answer_start": [ 235 ], "text": [ "90%" ] }
570d5fd0b3d812140066d791
Adolescence
Serotonin is a neuromodulator involved in regulation of mood and behavior. Development in the limbic system plays an important role in determining rewards and punishments and processing emotional experience and social information. Changes in the levels of the neurotransmitters dopamine and serotonin in the limbic syste...
Which neuromodulator is involved in regulation of mood and behavior?
{ "answer_start": [ 0 ], "text": [ "Serotonin" ] }
570d5fd0b3d812140066d792
Adolescence
Serotonin is a neuromodulator involved in regulation of mood and behavior. Development in the limbic system plays an important role in determining rewards and punishments and processing emotional experience and social information. Changes in the levels of the neurotransmitters dopamine and serotonin in the limbic syste...
Are the effects of serotonin limited to the limbic system?
{ "answer_start": [ 522 ], "text": [ "not" ] }
570d5fd0b3d812140066d793
Adolescence
Serotonin is a neuromodulator involved in regulation of mood and behavior. Development in the limbic system plays an important role in determining rewards and punishments and processing emotional experience and social information. Changes in the levels of the neurotransmitters dopamine and serotonin in the limbic syste...
Serotonin is a neuromodulator that is involved in regulation of what?
{ "answer_start": [ 56 ], "text": [ "mood and behavior" ] }
570d5fd0b3d812140066d794
Adolescence
Serotonin is a neuromodulator involved in regulation of mood and behavior. Development in the limbic system plays an important role in determining rewards and punishments and processing emotional experience and social information. Changes in the levels of the neurotransmitters dopamine and serotonin in the limbic syste...
Which system in the brain determines rewards and punishments, emotional experiences, and social information?
{ "answer_start": [ 94 ], "text": [ "limbic" ] }
570d5fd0b3d812140066d795
Adolescence
Serotonin is a neuromodulator involved in regulation of mood and behavior. Development in the limbic system plays an important role in determining rewards and punishments and processing emotional experience and social information. Changes in the levels of the neurotransmitters dopamine and serotonin in the limbic syste...
Which two neurotransmitters cause adolescents to be more emotional and more responsive to rewards and stresses?
{ "answer_start": [ 278 ], "text": [ "dopamine and serotonin" ] }
570d6464b3d812140066d7dc
Adolescence
Adolescents' thinking is less bound to concrete events than that of children: they can contemplate possibilities outside the realm of what currently exists. One manifestation of the adolescent's increased facility with thinking about possibilities is the improvement of skill in deductive reasoning, which leads to the d...
Deductive reasoning leads to the development of what type of thinking?
{ "answer_start": [ 334 ], "text": [ "hypothetical" ] }
570d6464b3d812140066d7db
Adolescence
Adolescents' thinking is less bound to concrete events than that of children: they can contemplate possibilities outside the realm of what currently exists. One manifestation of the adolescent's increased facility with thinking about possibilities is the improvement of skill in deductive reasoning, which leads to the d...
Are adolescents or children more bound to concrete events?
{ "answer_start": [ 68 ], "text": [ "children" ] }
570d6464b3d812140066d7dd
Adolescence
Adolescents' thinking is less bound to concrete events than that of children: they can contemplate possibilities outside the realm of what currently exists. One manifestation of the adolescent's increased facility with thinking about possibilities is the improvement of skill in deductive reasoning, which leads to the d...
What type of thinking provides the ability to plan ahead and makes adolescents more skilled debaters?
{ "answer_start": [ 334 ], "text": [ "hypothetical" ] }
570d6464b3d812140066d7de
Adolescence
Adolescents' thinking is less bound to concrete events than that of children: they can contemplate possibilities outside the realm of what currently exists. One manifestation of the adolescent's increased facility with thinking about possibilities is the improvement of skill in deductive reasoning, which leads to the d...
Adolescents develop a more sophisticated understanding of what mathematical concept thanks to their increased hypothetical thinking abilties?
{ "answer_start": [ 665 ], "text": [ "probability" ] }
570d6596b3d812140066d801
Adolescence
The timing of puberty can have important psychological and social consequences. Early maturing boys are usually taller and stronger than their friends. They have the advantage in capturing the attention of potential partners and in becoming hand-picked for sports. Pubescent boys often tend to have a good body image, ar...
Are sexual actvity and risky behaviors more likely in boys that mature early or later?
{ "answer_start": [ 975 ], "text": [ "early" ] }
570d6596b3d812140066d802
Adolescence
The timing of puberty can have important psychological and social consequences. Early maturing boys are usually taller and stronger than their friends. They have the advantage in capturing the attention of potential partners and in becoming hand-picked for sports. Pubescent boys often tend to have a good body image, ar...
Increased aggresiveness and early sexual maturation in adolescent boys are due to a surge of what?
{ "answer_start": [ 657 ], "text": [ "hormones" ] }
570d6596b3d812140066d803
Adolescence
The timing of puberty can have important psychological and social consequences. Early maturing boys are usually taller and stronger than their friends. They have the advantage in capturing the attention of potential partners and in becoming hand-picked for sports. Pubescent boys often tend to have a good body image, ar...
Are early or late maturing boys generally taller and stronger than their friends?
{ "answer_start": [ 80 ], "text": [ "Early" ] }
570d6596b3d812140066d804
Adolescence
The timing of puberty can have important psychological and social consequences. Early maturing boys are usually taller and stronger than their friends. They have the advantage in capturing the attention of potential partners and in becoming hand-picked for sports. Pubescent boys often tend to have a good body image, ar...
What is one reason a late maturing boy may be less confident when comparing himself to others?
{ "answer_start": [ 420 ], "text": [ "poor body image" ] }
570d6669b3d812140066d81d
Adolescence
Wisdom, or the capacity for insight and judgment that is developed through experience, increases between the ages of fourteen and twenty-five, then levels off. Thus, it is during the adolescence-adulthood transition that individuals acquire the type of wisdom that is associated with age. Wisdom is not the same as intel...
How is wisdom defined?
{ "answer_start": [ 15 ], "text": [ "capacity for insight and judgment that is developed through experience" ] }
570d6669b3d812140066d81e
Adolescence
Wisdom, or the capacity for insight and judgment that is developed through experience, increases between the ages of fourteen and twenty-five, then levels off. Thus, it is during the adolescence-adulthood transition that individuals acquire the type of wisdom that is associated with age. Wisdom is not the same as intel...
Wisdom increases between age fourteen and what?
{ "answer_start": [ 130 ], "text": [ "twenty-five" ] }
570d6669b3d812140066d81f
Adolescence
Wisdom, or the capacity for insight and judgment that is developed through experience, increases between the ages of fourteen and twenty-five, then levels off. Thus, it is during the adolescence-adulthood transition that individuals acquire the type of wisdom that is associated with age. Wisdom is not the same as intel...
Is wisdom the same thing as intelligence?
{ "answer_start": [ 344 ], "text": [ "not" ] }
570d6669b3d812140066d820
Adolescence
Wisdom, or the capacity for insight and judgment that is developed through experience, increases between the ages of fourteen and twenty-five, then levels off. Thus, it is during the adolescence-adulthood transition that individuals acquire the type of wisdom that is associated with age. Wisdom is not the same as intel...
Do adolescents perform significantly better on IQ tests than other age groups?
{ "answer_start": [ 344 ], "text": [ "not" ] }
570d6669b3d812140066d821
Adolescence
Wisdom, or the capacity for insight and judgment that is developed through experience, increases between the ages of fourteen and twenty-five, then levels off. Thus, it is during the adolescence-adulthood transition that individuals acquire the type of wisdom that is associated with age. Wisdom is not the same as intel...
What word is defined as the capacity for insight and judgement that is developed through experience?
{ "answer_start": [ 0 ], "text": [ "Wisdom" ] }
570d672cb3d812140066d837
Adolescence
In studying adolescent development, adolescence can be defined biologically, as the physical transition marked by the onset of puberty and the termination of physical growth; cognitively, as changes in the ability to think abstractly and multi-dimensionally; or socially, as a period of preparation for adult roles. Majo...
How is adolescence defined biologically?
{ "answer_start": [ 80 ], "text": [ "the physical transition marked by the onset of puberty and the termination of physical growth" ] }
570d672cb3d812140066d838
Adolescence
In studying adolescent development, adolescence can be defined biologically, as the physical transition marked by the onset of puberty and the termination of physical growth; cognitively, as changes in the ability to think abstractly and multi-dimensionally; or socially, as a period of preparation for adult roles. Majo...
How is adolescence defined cognitively?
{ "answer_start": [ 191 ], "text": [ "changes in the ability to think abstractly and multi-dimensionally" ] }
570d672cb3d812140066d839
Adolescence
In studying adolescent development, adolescence can be defined biologically, as the physical transition marked by the onset of puberty and the termination of physical growth; cognitively, as changes in the ability to think abstractly and multi-dimensionally; or socially, as a period of preparation for adult roles. Majo...
How is adolescence defined socially?
{ "answer_start": [ 275 ], "text": [ "a period of preparation for adult roles" ] }
570d672cb3d812140066d83a
Adolescence
In studying adolescent development, adolescence can be defined biologically, as the physical transition marked by the onset of puberty and the termination of physical growth; cognitively, as changes in the ability to think abstractly and multi-dimensionally; or socially, as a period of preparation for adult roles. Majo...
Changes to sex organs, height, weight, and muscle mass are examples of which type of change?
{ "answer_start": [ 335 ], "text": [ "biological" ] }
570d672cb3d812140066d83b
Adolescence
In studying adolescent development, adolescence can be defined biologically, as the physical transition marked by the onset of puberty and the termination of physical growth; cognitively, as changes in the ability to think abstractly and multi-dimensionally; or socially, as a period of preparation for adult roles. Majo...
Increases in knowledge and the ability to think abstractly are examples of which kind of change?
{ "answer_start": [ 484 ], "text": [ "Cognitive" ] }
570d6819b3d812140066d869
Adolescence
Jean Macfarlane founded the University of California, Berkeley's Institute of Human Development, formerly called the Institute of Child Welfare, in 1927. The Institute was instrumental in initiating studies of healthy development, in contrast to previous work that had been dominated by theories based on pathological pe...
Who founded the University of California, Berkeley's Institude of Human Development?
{ "answer_start": [ 0 ], "text": [ "Jean Macfarlane" ] }
570d6819b3d812140066d86a
Adolescence
Jean Macfarlane founded the University of California, Berkeley's Institute of Human Development, formerly called the Institute of Child Welfare, in 1927. The Institute was instrumental in initiating studies of healthy development, in contrast to previous work that had been dominated by theories based on pathological pe...
What year was the University of California, Berkeley's Instutute of Human Development founded?
{ "answer_start": [ 148 ], "text": [ "1927" ] }
570d6819b3d812140066d86b
Adolescence
Jean Macfarlane founded the University of California, Berkeley's Institute of Human Development, formerly called the Institute of Child Welfare, in 1927. The Institute was instrumental in initiating studies of healthy development, in contrast to previous work that had been dominated by theories based on pathological pe...
What was the Univerity of California, Berkeley's Institute of Human Development formerly called?
{ "answer_start": [ 117 ], "text": [ "Institute of Child Welfare" ] }
570d6819b3d812140066d86c
Adolescence
Jean Macfarlane founded the University of California, Berkeley's Institute of Human Development, formerly called the Institute of Child Welfare, in 1927. The Institute was instrumental in initiating studies of healthy development, in contrast to previous work that had been dominated by theories based on pathological pe...
What year was the Oakland Growth Study initiated?
{ "answer_start": [ 570 ], "text": [ "1931" ] }
570d6819b3d812140066d86d
Adolescence
Jean Macfarlane founded the University of California, Berkeley's Institute of Human Development, formerly called the Institute of Child Welfare, in 1927. The Institute was instrumental in initiating studies of healthy development, in contrast to previous work that had been dominated by theories based on pathological pe...
What year did data for the Oakland Growth Study stop being collected?
{ "answer_start": [ 725 ], "text": [ "1981" ] }
570d7b4db3d812140066d9cb
Adolescence
The major landmark of puberty for males is the first ejaculation, which occurs, on average, at age 13. For females, it is menarche, the onset of menstruation, which occurs, on average, between ages 12 and 13. The age of menarche is influenced by heredity, but a girl's diet and lifestyle contribute as well. Regardless o...
What is a male's major landmark of puberty?
{ "answer_start": [ 47 ], "text": [ "first ejaculation" ] }
570d7b4db3d812140066d9cc
Adolescence
The major landmark of puberty for males is the first ejaculation, which occurs, on average, at age 13. For females, it is menarche, the onset of menstruation, which occurs, on average, between ages 12 and 13. The age of menarche is influenced by heredity, but a girl's diet and lifestyle contribute as well. Regardless o...
At what average age does a male's first ejaculation occur?
{ "answer_start": [ 99 ], "text": [ "13" ] }
570d7b4db3d812140066d9cd
Adolescence
The major landmark of puberty for males is the first ejaculation, which occurs, on average, at age 13. For females, it is menarche, the onset of menstruation, which occurs, on average, between ages 12 and 13. The age of menarche is influenced by heredity, but a girl's diet and lifestyle contribute as well. Regardless o...
What is a female's major landmark of puberty?
{ "answer_start": [ 145 ], "text": [ "menstruation" ] }
570d7b4db3d812140066d9ce
Adolescence
The major landmark of puberty for males is the first ejaculation, which occurs, on average, at age 13. For females, it is menarche, the onset of menstruation, which occurs, on average, between ages 12 and 13. The age of menarche is influenced by heredity, but a girl's diet and lifestyle contribute as well. Regardless o...
Besides heredity, what other factors contribute to when menustration begins?
{ "answer_start": [ 269 ], "text": [ "diet and lifestyle" ] }
570d7b4db3d812140066d9cf
Adolescence
The major landmark of puberty for males is the first ejaculation, which occurs, on average, at age 13. For females, it is menarche, the onset of menstruation, which occurs, on average, between ages 12 and 13. The age of menarche is influenced by heredity, but a girl's diet and lifestyle contribute as well. Regardless o...
Do girls who are malnourished start menustrating earlier or later than those with high-fat diets?
{ "answer_start": [ 777 ], "text": [ "later" ] }
570d7fc7fed7b91900d461d1
Adolescence
Adolescents can conceptualize multiple "possible selves" that they could become and long-term possibilities and consequences of their choices. Exploring these possibilities may result in abrupt changes in self-presentation as the adolescent chooses or rejects qualities and behaviors, trying to guide the actual self tow...
How can the ideal self be described in terms of the adolescent?
{ "answer_start": [ 340 ], "text": [ "who the adolescent wishes to be" ] }
570d7fc7fed7b91900d461d2
Adolescence
Adolescents can conceptualize multiple "possible selves" that they could become and long-term possibilities and consequences of their choices. Exploring these possibilities may result in abrupt changes in self-presentation as the adolescent chooses or rejects qualities and behaviors, trying to guide the actual self tow...
How can the feared self be described in terms of the adolescent?
{ "answer_start": [ 404 ], "text": [ "who the adolescent does not want to be" ] }
570d7fc7fed7b91900d461d3
Adolescence
Adolescents can conceptualize multiple "possible selves" that they could become and long-term possibilities and consequences of their choices. Exploring these possibilities may result in abrupt changes in self-presentation as the adolescent chooses or rejects qualities and behaviors, trying to guide the actual self tow...
Do adolescents demonstrate intended behavior moving towards the ideal or feared self?
{ "answer_start": [ 328 ], "text": [ "ideal" ] }
570d80ccb3d812140066da0d
Adolescence
In females, changes in the primary sex characteristics involve growth of the uterus, vagina, and other aspects of the reproductive system. Menarche, the beginning of menstruation, is a relatively late development which follows a long series of hormonal changes. Generally, a girl is not fully fertile until several years...
What term is the beginning of menstruation given?
{ "answer_start": [ 139 ], "text": [ "Menarche" ] }
570d80ccb3d812140066da0e
Adolescence
In females, changes in the primary sex characteristics involve growth of the uterus, vagina, and other aspects of the reproductive system. Menarche, the beginning of menstruation, is a relatively late development which follows a long series of hormonal changes. Generally, a girl is not fully fertile until several years...
How many years does regular ovulation follow menarche?
{ "answer_start": [ 384 ], "text": [ "two years" ] }
570d80ccb3d812140066da10
Adolescence
In females, changes in the primary sex characteristics involve growth of the uterus, vagina, and other aspects of the reproductive system. Menarche, the beginning of menstruation, is a relatively late development which follows a long series of hormonal changes. Generally, a girl is not fully fertile until several years...
What are two areas of the reproductive system that experience growth in females during puberty?
{ "answer_start": [ 77 ], "text": [ "uterus, vagina" ] }
570d80ccb3d812140066da0f
Adolescence
In females, changes in the primary sex characteristics involve growth of the uterus, vagina, and other aspects of the reproductive system. Menarche, the beginning of menstruation, is a relatively late development which follows a long series of hormonal changes. Generally, a girl is not fully fertile until several years...
Do males or females appear physically mature before they are capable of reproduction?
{ "answer_start": [ 420 ], "text": [ "females" ] }
570d97d816d0071400510ba5
Adolescence
Primary sex characteristics are those directly related to the sex organs. In males, the first stages of puberty involve growth of the testes and scrotum, followed by growth of the penis. At the time that the penis develops, the seminal vesicles, the prostate, and the bulbourethral gland also enlarge and develop. The fi...
What activity often results in a boy's first ejaculation?
{ "answer_start": [ 565 ], "text": [ "masturbation" ] }
570d97d816d0071400510ba6
Adolescence
Primary sex characteristics are those directly related to the sex organs. In males, the first stages of puberty involve growth of the testes and scrotum, followed by growth of the penis. At the time that the penis develops, the seminal vesicles, the prostate, and the bulbourethral gland also enlarge and develop. The fi...
What are primary sex characteristics?
{ "answer_start": [ 32 ], "text": [ "those directly related to the sex organs" ] }
570d97d816d0071400510ba7
Adolescence
Primary sex characteristics are those directly related to the sex organs. In males, the first stages of puberty involve growth of the testes and scrotum, followed by growth of the penis. At the time that the penis develops, the seminal vesicles, the prostate, and the bulbourethral gland also enlarge and develop. The fi...
What does the first stage of puberty involve for males?
{ "answer_start": [ 120 ], "text": [ "growth of the testes and scrotum" ] }
570d97d816d0071400510ba8
Adolescence
Primary sex characteristics are those directly related to the sex organs. In males, the first stages of puberty involve growth of the testes and scrotum, followed by growth of the penis. At the time that the penis develops, the seminal vesicles, the prostate, and the bulbourethral gland also enlarge and develop. The fi...
After growth of the testes and scrotum, while male body part experiences growth next?
{ "answer_start": [ 180 ], "text": [ "penis" ] }
570d97d816d0071400510ba9
Adolescence
Primary sex characteristics are those directly related to the sex organs. In males, the first stages of puberty involve growth of the testes and scrotum, followed by growth of the penis. At the time that the penis develops, the seminal vesicles, the prostate, and the bulbourethral gland also enlarge and develop. The fi...
Which male body parts enlarge and develop at the same time as the penis?
{ "answer_start": [ 228 ], "text": [ "seminal vesicles, the prostate, and the bulbourethral gland" ] }
570d995c16d0071400510bb9
Adolescence
Adolescence marks a rapid change in one's role within a family. Young children tend to assert themselves forcefully, but are unable to demonstrate much influence over family decisions until early adolescence, when they are increasingly viewed by parents as equals. The adolescent faces the task of increasing independenc...
At what stage do parents see their children as equals?
{ "answer_start": [ 190 ], "text": [ "early adolescence" ] }
570d995c16d0071400510bba
Adolescence
Adolescence marks a rapid change in one's role within a family. Young children tend to assert themselves forcefully, but are unable to demonstrate much influence over family decisions until early adolescence, when they are increasingly viewed by parents as equals. The adolescent faces the task of increasing independenc...
During what stage of development is there increased parent-child conflict and a less cohesive familial bond?
{ "answer_start": [ 411 ], "text": [ "puberty" ] }
570d995c16d0071400510bbb
Adolescence
Adolescence marks a rapid change in one's role within a family. Young children tend to assert themselves forcefully, but are unable to demonstrate much influence over family decisions until early adolescence, when they are increasingly viewed by parents as equals. The adolescent faces the task of increasing independenc...
During puberty and adolescence, do most children share the same or different attitudes and values as their parents?
{ "answer_start": [ 1833 ], "text": [ "same" ] }
570d9a1c16d0071400510bc9
Adolescence
The first areas of the brain to be pruned are those involving primary functions, such as motor and sensory areas. The areas of the brain involved in more complex processes lose matter later in development. These include the lateral and prefrontal cortices, among other regions. Some of the most developmentally significa...
Which part of the brain is involved in decision making and cognitive control?
{ "answer_start": [ 357 ], "text": [ "prefrontal cortex" ] }
570d9a1c16d0071400510bca
Adolescence
The first areas of the brain to be pruned are those involving primary functions, such as motor and sensory areas. The areas of the brain involved in more complex processes lose matter later in development. These include the lateral and prefrontal cortices, among other regions. Some of the most developmentally significa...
Which area of the brain is important for controlling impulses and planning ahead?
{ "answer_start": [ 855 ], "text": [ "dorsolateral prefrontal cortex" ] }
570d9a1c16d0071400510bcb
Adolescence
The first areas of the brain to be pruned are those involving primary functions, such as motor and sensory areas. The areas of the brain involved in more complex processes lose matter later in development. These include the lateral and prefrontal cortices, among other regions. Some of the most developmentally significa...
Which part of the brain is important for evaluating rewards and risks?
{ "answer_start": [ 1050 ], "text": [ "orbitofrontal cortex" ] }
570d9a1c16d0071400510bcc
Adolescence
The first areas of the brain to be pruned are those involving primary functions, such as motor and sensory areas. The areas of the brain involved in more complex processes lose matter later in development. These include the lateral and prefrontal cortices, among other regions. Some of the most developmentally significa...
Which are the first areas to be pruned during puberty?
{ "answer_start": [ 46 ], "text": [ "those involving primary functions" ] }
570d9a1c16d0071400510bcd
Adolescence
The first areas of the brain to be pruned are those involving primary functions, such as motor and sensory areas. The areas of the brain involved in more complex processes lose matter later in development. These include the lateral and prefrontal cortices, among other regions. Some of the most developmentally significa...
Motor and sensory skills are examples of what kind of brain function?
{ "answer_start": [ 62 ], "text": [ "primary" ] }
570d9b8216d0071400510bd9
Adolescence
Communication within peer groups allows adolescents to explore their feelings and identity as well as develop and evaluate their social skills. Peer groups offer members the opportunity to develop social skills such as empathy, sharing, and leadership. Adolescents choose peer groups based on characteristics similarly f...
What is one area in which peer groups can have positive influences on an individual?
{ "answer_start": [ 809 ], "text": [ "academic motivation and performance" ] }
570d9b8216d0071400510bda
Adolescence
Communication within peer groups allows adolescents to explore their feelings and identity as well as develop and evaluate their social skills. Peer groups offer members the opportunity to develop social skills such as empathy, sharing, and leadership. Adolescents choose peer groups based on characteristics similarly f...
What are some of the negative experiences that peer pressure can influence during adolescence?
{ "answer_start": [ 998 ], "text": [ "experimentation with drugs, drinking, vandalism, and stealing" ] }
570d9b8216d0071400510bdb
Adolescence
Communication within peer groups allows adolescents to explore their feelings and identity as well as develop and evaluate their social skills. Peer groups offer members the opportunity to develop social skills such as empathy, sharing, and leadership. Adolescents choose peer groups based on characteristics similarly f...
At what age does succeptability to peer pressure peak?
{ "answer_start": [ 1168 ], "text": [ "14" ] }
570d9b8216d0071400510bdc
Adolescence
Communication within peer groups allows adolescents to explore their feelings and identity as well as develop and evaluate their social skills. Peer groups offer members the opportunity to develop social skills such as empathy, sharing, and leadership. Adolescents choose peer groups based on characteristics similarly f...
What are some social skills that peer groups offer members the opportunity to develop?
{ "answer_start": [ 219 ], "text": [ "empathy, sharing, and leadership" ] }
570d9c7616d0071400510beb
Adolescence
There are at least two major approaches to understanding cognitive change during adolescence. One is the constructivist view of cognitive development. Based on the work of Piaget, it takes a quantitative, state-theory approach, hypothesizing that adolescents' cognitive improvement is relatively sudden and drastic. The ...
What view towards cognitive development during adolescence did Piaget take?
{ "answer_start": [ 105 ], "text": [ "constructivist" ] }
570d9c7616d0071400510bec
Adolescence
There are at least two major approaches to understanding cognitive change during adolescence. One is the constructivist view of cognitive development. Based on the work of Piaget, it takes a quantitative, state-theory approach, hypothesizing that adolescents' cognitive improvement is relatively sudden and drastic. The ...
Did Piaget believe that cognitive improvement was sudden and drastic or slow and steadied?
{ "answer_start": [ 296 ], "text": [ "sudden and drastic" ] }
570d9c7616d0071400510bed
Adolescence
There are at least two major approaches to understanding cognitive change during adolescence. One is the constructivist view of cognitive development. Based on the work of Piaget, it takes a quantitative, state-theory approach, hypothesizing that adolescents' cognitive improvement is relatively sudden and drastic. The ...
Besides the information-processing perspective, what is the other major approach to understanding cognitive change during adolescence?
{ "answer_start": [ 191 ], "text": [ "quantitative, state-theory" ] }
570d9c7616d0071400510bee
Adolescence
There are at least two major approaches to understanding cognitive change during adolescence. One is the constructivist view of cognitive development. Based on the work of Piaget, it takes a quantitative, state-theory approach, hypothesizing that adolescents' cognitive improvement is relatively sudden and drastic. The ...
The information-processing perspective towards cognitive development derives from the study of what?
{ "answer_start": [ 402 ], "text": [ "artificial intelligence" ] }
570d9dfadf2f5219002ed058
Adolescence
Adolescence marks a time of sexual maturation, which manifests in social interactions as well. While adolescents may engage in casual sexual encounters (often referred to as hookups), most sexual experience during this period of development takes place within romantic relationships. Adolescents can use technologies and...
Casual sexual encounters are often referred to as what?
{ "answer_start": [ 174 ], "text": [ "hookups" ] }
570d9dfadf2f5219002ed059
Adolescence
Adolescence marks a time of sexual maturation, which manifests in social interactions as well. While adolescents may engage in casual sexual encounters (often referred to as hookups), most sexual experience during this period of development takes place within romantic relationships. Adolescents can use technologies and...
Do most sexual experiences during adolescence take place within or seperate from romantic relationships?
{ "answer_start": [ 253 ], "text": [ "within" ] }
570d9dfadf2f5219002ed05a
Adolescence
Adolescence marks a time of sexual maturation, which manifests in social interactions as well. While adolescents may engage in casual sexual encounters (often referred to as hookups), most sexual experience during this period of development takes place within romantic relationships. Adolescents can use technologies and...
Where do some adolescents feel is a safe place to seek out romantic relationships, try out dating and indentity exploration?
{ "answer_start": [ 321 ], "text": [ "social media" ] }
570d9dfadf2f5219002ed05b
Adolescence
Adolescence marks a time of sexual maturation, which manifests in social interactions as well. While adolescents may engage in casual sexual encounters (often referred to as hookups), most sexual experience during this period of development takes place within romantic relationships. Adolescents can use technologies and...
What seperates "heavy" sexual activity from other forms of affection?
{ "answer_start": [ 647 ], "text": [ "genital stimulation" ] }
570d9dfadf2f5219002ed05c
Adolescence
Adolescence marks a time of sexual maturation, which manifests in social interactions as well. While adolescents may engage in casual sexual encounters (often referred to as hookups), most sexual experience during this period of development takes place within romantic relationships. Adolescents can use technologies and...
For older adolescents, is sexual activity in a romantic relationship associated with lower or higher levels of deviant behavior?
{ "answer_start": [ 1206 ], "text": [ "lower" ] }
570d9f0316d0071400510bfd
Adolescence
A third gain in cognitive ability involves thinking about thinking itself, a process referred to as metacognition. It often involves monitoring one's own cognitive activity during the thinking process. Adolescents' improvements in knowledge of their own thinking patterns lead to better self-control and more effective s...
What is the term used to describe thinking about thinking itself?
{ "answer_start": [ 100 ], "text": [ "metacognition" ] }
570d9f0316d0071400510bfe
Adolescence
A third gain in cognitive ability involves thinking about thinking itself, a process referred to as metacognition. It often involves monitoring one's own cognitive activity during the thinking process. Adolescents' improvements in knowledge of their own thinking patterns lead to better self-control and more effective s...
Are adolescents or children better able to understand that people do not have complete control over their thoughts?
{ "answer_start": [ 564 ], "text": [ "Adolescents" ] }
570d9f0316d0071400510bff
Adolescence
A third gain in cognitive ability involves thinking about thinking itself, a process referred to as metacognition. It often involves monitoring one's own cognitive activity during the thinking process. Adolescents' improvements in knowledge of their own thinking patterns lead to better self-control and more effective s...
The imaginary audience and personal fable peak at what age?
{ "answer_start": [ 892 ], "text": [ "fifteen" ] }
570d9f0316d0071400510c00
Adolescence
A third gain in cognitive ability involves thinking about thinking itself, a process referred to as metacognition. It often involves monitoring one's own cognitive activity during the thinking process. Adolescents' improvements in knowledge of their own thinking patterns lead to better self-control and more effective s...
At what age does self-consciousness in general peak?
{ "answer_start": [ 892 ], "text": [ "fifteen" ] }
570da031df2f5219002ed072
Adolescence
A questionnaire called the teen timetable has been used to measure the age at which individuals believe adolescents should be able to engage in behaviors associated with autonomy. This questionnaire has been used to gauge differences in cultural perceptions of adolescent autonomy, finding, for instance, that White pare...
What questionaire has been used to measure the age in which adolescents should be able to engage in autonomous behaviors?
{ "answer_start": [ 27 ], "text": [ "teen timetable" ] }
570da031df2f5219002ed073
Adolescence
A questionnaire called the teen timetable has been used to measure the age at which individuals believe adolescents should be able to engage in behaviors associated with autonomy. This questionnaire has been used to gauge differences in cultural perceptions of adolescent autonomy, finding, for instance, that White pare...
Do White or Asian parents tend to expect autonomy earlier than the other?
{ "answer_start": [ 310 ], "text": [ "White" ] }
570da031df2f5219002ed074
Adolescence
A questionnaire called the teen timetable has been used to measure the age at which individuals believe adolescents should be able to engage in behaviors associated with autonomy. This questionnaire has been used to gauge differences in cultural perceptions of adolescent autonomy, finding, for instance, that White pare...
What has the teen timetable questionnaire been used to guage?
{ "answer_start": [ 222 ], "text": [ "differences in cultural perceptions of adolescent autonomy" ] }
570da297df2f5219002ed082
Adolescence
Given the potential consequences, engaging in sexual behavior is somewhat risky, particularly for adolescents. Having unprotected sex, using poor birth control methods (e.g. withdrawal), having multiple sexual partners, and poor communication are some aspects of sexual behavior that increase individual and/or social ri...
What is an example of a poor birth control method?
{ "answer_start": [ 174 ], "text": [ "withdrawal" ] }
570da297df2f5219002ed083
Adolescence
Given the potential consequences, engaging in sexual behavior is somewhat risky, particularly for adolescents. Having unprotected sex, using poor birth control methods (e.g. withdrawal), having multiple sexual partners, and poor communication are some aspects of sexual behavior that increase individual and/or social ri...
Are higher or lower levels of parental support associated with risky sexual behavior?
{ "answer_start": [ 457 ], "text": [ "lower" ] }
570da297df2f5219002ed084
Adolescence
Given the potential consequences, engaging in sexual behavior is somewhat risky, particularly for adolescents. Having unprotected sex, using poor birth control methods (e.g. withdrawal), having multiple sexual partners, and poor communication are some aspects of sexual behavior that increase individual and/or social ri...
Is exploratory sexual behavior seen as similar or seperate to other aspects of identity?
{ "answer_start": [ 756 ], "text": [ "similar" ] }
570da297df2f5219002ed085
Adolescence
Given the potential consequences, engaging in sexual behavior is somewhat risky, particularly for adolescents. Having unprotected sex, using poor birth control methods (e.g. withdrawal), having multiple sexual partners, and poor communication are some aspects of sexual behavior that increase individual and/or social ri...
Does having unprotected sex, multiple sexual partners, and poor communication increase or decrease individual and social risk?
{ "answer_start": [ 284 ], "text": [ "increase" ] }
570da4e916d0071400510c3b
Adolescence
Research seems to favor the hypothesis that adolescents and adults think about risk in similar ways, but hold different values and thus come to different conclusions. Some have argued that there may be evolutionary benefits to an increased propensity for risk-taking in adolescence. For example, without a willingness to...
Does research favor or reject the hypothesis that adolescents and adults think about risk similarly but hold different values and therefore come to different conclusions?
{ "answer_start": [ 18 ], "text": [ "favor" ] }
570da4e916d0071400510c3c
Adolescence
Research seems to favor the hypothesis that adolescents and adults think about risk in similar ways, but hold different values and thus come to different conclusions. Some have argued that there may be evolutionary benefits to an increased propensity for risk-taking in adolescence. For example, without a willingness to...
A priority in sexual attraction and dating can prove helpful in order to complete what reproductive advantage?
{ "answer_start": [ 837 ], "text": [ "impress potential mates" ] }