id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringclasses 442
values | context stringlengths 151 3.71k | question stringlengths 12 270 | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
570d5d0cb3d812140066d746 | Adolescence | A thorough understanding of adolescence in society depends on information from various perspectives, including psychology, biology, history, sociology, education, and anthropology. Within all of these perspectives, adolescence is viewed as a transitional period between childhood and adulthood, whose cultural purpose is... | What transitions occur during puberty in addition to living circumstances? | {
"answer_start": [
415
],
"text": [
"education, training, employment and unemployment"
]
} |
570c4897fed7b91900d4582f | Adolescence | Puberty occurs through a long process and begins with a surge in hormone production, which in turn causes a number of physical changes. It is the stage of life characterized by the appearance and development of secondary sex characteristics (for example, a deeper voice and larger adam's apple in boys, and development o... | Puberty causes what to happen in boys? | {
"answer_start": [
255
],
"text": [
"a deeper voice and larger adam's apple"
]
} |
570c4897fed7b91900d45830 | Adolescence | Puberty occurs through a long process and begins with a surge in hormone production, which in turn causes a number of physical changes. It is the stage of life characterized by the appearance and development of secondary sex characteristics (for example, a deeper voice and larger adam's apple in boys, and development o... | What releases testosterone? | {
"answer_start": [
782
],
"text": [
"The testes"
]
} |
570c4897fed7b91900d45831 | Adolescence | Puberty occurs through a long process and begins with a surge in hormone production, which in turn causes a number of physical changes. It is the stage of life characterized by the appearance and development of secondary sex characteristics (for example, a deeper voice and larger adam's apple in boys, and development o... | What releases estrogen? | {
"answer_start": [
829
],
"text": [
"the ovaries"
]
} |
570c4897fed7b91900d45832 | Adolescence | Puberty occurs through a long process and begins with a surge in hormone production, which in turn causes a number of physical changes. It is the stage of life characterized by the appearance and development of secondary sex characteristics (for example, a deeper voice and larger adam's apple in boys, and development o... | What causes gynecomastia? | {
"answer_start": [
1056
],
"text": [
"obesity."
]
} |
570c4897fed7b91900d45833 | Adolescence | Puberty occurs through a long process and begins with a surge in hormone production, which in turn causes a number of physical changes. It is the stage of life characterized by the appearance and development of secondary sex characteristics (for example, a deeper voice and larger adam's apple in boys, and development o... | What causes puberty? | {
"answer_start": [
54
],
"text": [
"a surge in hormone production"
]
} |
570d5cb5b3d812140066d739 | Adolescence | Puberty occurs through a long process and begins with a surge in hormone production, which in turn causes a number of physical changes. It is the stage of life characterized by the appearance and development of secondary sex characteristics (for example, a deeper voice and larger adam's apple in boys, and development o... | A surge in hormone production triggers a number of physical changes during what stage of life? | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Puberty"
]
} |
570d5cb5b3d812140066d73a | Adolescence | Puberty occurs through a long process and begins with a surge in hormone production, which in turn causes a number of physical changes. It is the stage of life characterized by the appearance and development of secondary sex characteristics (for example, a deeper voice and larger adam's apple in boys, and development o... | Which gland secretes a surge of hormonal agents into the blood stream? | {
"answer_start": [
463
],
"text": [
"pituitary"
]
} |
570d5cb5b3d812140066d73b | Adolescence | Puberty occurs through a long process and begins with a surge in hormone production, which in turn causes a number of physical changes. It is the stage of life characterized by the appearance and development of secondary sex characteristics (for example, a deeper voice and larger adam's apple in boys, and development o... | Which part of the body releases testosterone in males? | {
"answer_start": [
786
],
"text": [
"testes"
]
} |
570d5cb5b3d812140066d73c | Adolescence | Puberty occurs through a long process and begins with a surge in hormone production, which in turn causes a number of physical changes. It is the stage of life characterized by the appearance and development of secondary sex characteristics (for example, a deeper voice and larger adam's apple in boys, and development o... | Which part of the body relesases estrogen in females? | {
"answer_start": [
833
],
"text": [
"ovaries"
]
} |
570d5cb5b3d812140066d73d | Adolescence | Puberty occurs through a long process and begins with a surge in hormone production, which in turn causes a number of physical changes. It is the stage of life characterized by the appearance and development of secondary sex characteristics (for example, a deeper voice and larger adam's apple in boys, and development o... | An imbalance in sex hormones, tissue responsiveness, or obesity can cause what in boys? | {
"answer_start": [
981
],
"text": [
"gynecomastia"
]
} |
570d5dcdfed7b91900d45f53 | Adolescence | Pubertal development also affects circulatory and respiratory systems as an adolescents' heart and lungs increase in both size and capacity. These changes lead to increased strength and tolerance for exercise. Sex differences are apparent as males tend to develop "larger hearts and lungs, higher systolic blood pressure... | How do a person's heart and lungs change during puberty? | {
"answer_start": [
105
],
"text": [
"increase in both size and capacity"
]
} |
570d5dcdfed7b91900d45f54 | Adolescence | Pubertal development also affects circulatory and respiratory systems as an adolescents' heart and lungs increase in both size and capacity. These changes lead to increased strength and tolerance for exercise. Sex differences are apparent as males tend to develop "larger hearts and lungs, higher systolic blood pressure... | Increased size and capacity of the heart and lungs result in what changes to the body? | {
"answer_start": [
163
],
"text": [
"increased strength and tolerance for exercise"
]
} |
570d5dcdfed7b91900d45f55 | Adolescence | Pubertal development also affects circulatory and respiratory systems as an adolescents' heart and lungs increase in both size and capacity. These changes lead to increased strength and tolerance for exercise. Sex differences are apparent as males tend to develop "larger hearts and lungs, higher systolic blood pressure... | Which sex tends to develop larger hearts and lungs? | {
"answer_start": [
242
],
"text": [
"males"
]
} |
570d5dcdfed7b91900d45f56 | Adolescence | Pubertal development also affects circulatory and respiratory systems as an adolescents' heart and lungs increase in both size and capacity. These changes lead to increased strength and tolerance for exercise. Sex differences are apparent as males tend to develop "larger hearts and lungs, higher systolic blood pressure... | Which sex tends to have more red blood cells than the other? | {
"answer_start": [
242
],
"text": [
"males"
]
} |
570d5dcdfed7b91900d45f57 | Adolescence | Pubertal development also affects circulatory and respiratory systems as an adolescents' heart and lungs increase in both size and capacity. These changes lead to increased strength and tolerance for exercise. Sex differences are apparent as males tend to develop "larger hearts and lungs, higher systolic blood pressure... | Which body system are a person's lungs a major proponent of? | {
"answer_start": [
50
],
"text": [
"respiratory"
]
} |
570d5ecfb3d812140066d773 | Adolescence | The human brain is not fully developed by the time a person reaches puberty. Between the ages of 10 and 25, the brain undergoes changes that have important implications for behavior (see Cognitive development below). The brain reaches 90% of its adult size by the time a person is six years of age. Thus, the brain does ... | Is a person's brain fully developed by the time they reach puberty? | {
"answer_start": [
19
],
"text": [
"not"
]
} |
570d5ecfb3d812140066d775 | Adolescence | The human brain is not fully developed by the time a person reaches puberty. Between the ages of 10 and 25, the brain undergoes changes that have important implications for behavior (see Cognitive development below). The brain reaches 90% of its adult size by the time a person is six years of age. Thus, the brain does ... | The biggest changes in the brain during puberty occur in the parts of the cortex that process what kinds of information? | {
"answer_start": [
559
],
"text": [
"cognitive and emotional"
]
} |
570d5ecfb3d812140066d777 | Adolescence | The human brain is not fully developed by the time a person reaches puberty. Between the ages of 10 and 25, the brain undergoes changes that have important implications for behavior (see Cognitive development below). The brain reaches 90% of its adult size by the time a person is six years of age. Thus, the brain does ... | The brain reaches 90% of its adult size by the time a person reaches what year of age? | {
"answer_start": [
281
],
"text": [
"six"
]
} |
570d5ecfb3d812140066d776 | Adolescence | The human brain is not fully developed by the time a person reaches puberty. Between the ages of 10 and 25, the brain undergoes changes that have important implications for behavior (see Cognitive development below). The brain reaches 90% of its adult size by the time a person is six years of age. Thus, the brain does ... | What parts of the brain continue to become more complex into the late teens? | {
"answer_start": [
375
],
"text": [
"creases"
]
} |
570d5ecfb3d812140066d774 | Adolescence | The human brain is not fully developed by the time a person reaches puberty. Between the ages of 10 and 25, the brain undergoes changes that have important implications for behavior (see Cognitive development below). The brain reaches 90% of its adult size by the time a person is six years of age. Thus, the brain does ... | The brain reaches what percentage of its adult size by the time a person is six years old? | {
"answer_start": [
235
],
"text": [
"90%"
]
} |
570d5fd0b3d812140066d791 | Adolescence | Serotonin is a neuromodulator involved in regulation of mood and behavior. Development in the limbic system plays an important role in determining rewards and punishments and processing emotional experience and social information. Changes in the levels of the neurotransmitters dopamine and serotonin in the limbic syste... | Which neuromodulator is involved in regulation of mood and behavior? | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Serotonin"
]
} |
570d5fd0b3d812140066d792 | Adolescence | Serotonin is a neuromodulator involved in regulation of mood and behavior. Development in the limbic system plays an important role in determining rewards and punishments and processing emotional experience and social information. Changes in the levels of the neurotransmitters dopamine and serotonin in the limbic syste... | Are the effects of serotonin limited to the limbic system? | {
"answer_start": [
522
],
"text": [
"not"
]
} |
570d5fd0b3d812140066d793 | Adolescence | Serotonin is a neuromodulator involved in regulation of mood and behavior. Development in the limbic system plays an important role in determining rewards and punishments and processing emotional experience and social information. Changes in the levels of the neurotransmitters dopamine and serotonin in the limbic syste... | Serotonin is a neuromodulator that is involved in regulation of what? | {
"answer_start": [
56
],
"text": [
"mood and behavior"
]
} |
570d5fd0b3d812140066d794 | Adolescence | Serotonin is a neuromodulator involved in regulation of mood and behavior. Development in the limbic system plays an important role in determining rewards and punishments and processing emotional experience and social information. Changes in the levels of the neurotransmitters dopamine and serotonin in the limbic syste... | Which system in the brain determines rewards and punishments, emotional experiences, and social information? | {
"answer_start": [
94
],
"text": [
"limbic"
]
} |
570d5fd0b3d812140066d795 | Adolescence | Serotonin is a neuromodulator involved in regulation of mood and behavior. Development in the limbic system plays an important role in determining rewards and punishments and processing emotional experience and social information. Changes in the levels of the neurotransmitters dopamine and serotonin in the limbic syste... | Which two neurotransmitters cause adolescents to be more emotional and more responsive to rewards and stresses? | {
"answer_start": [
278
],
"text": [
"dopamine and serotonin"
]
} |
570d6464b3d812140066d7dc | Adolescence | Adolescents' thinking is less bound to concrete events than that of children: they can contemplate possibilities outside the realm of what currently exists. One manifestation of the adolescent's increased facility with thinking about possibilities is the improvement of skill in deductive reasoning, which leads to the d... | Deductive reasoning leads to the development of what type of thinking? | {
"answer_start": [
334
],
"text": [
"hypothetical"
]
} |
570d6464b3d812140066d7db | Adolescence | Adolescents' thinking is less bound to concrete events than that of children: they can contemplate possibilities outside the realm of what currently exists. One manifestation of the adolescent's increased facility with thinking about possibilities is the improvement of skill in deductive reasoning, which leads to the d... | Are adolescents or children more bound to concrete events? | {
"answer_start": [
68
],
"text": [
"children"
]
} |
570d6464b3d812140066d7dd | Adolescence | Adolescents' thinking is less bound to concrete events than that of children: they can contemplate possibilities outside the realm of what currently exists. One manifestation of the adolescent's increased facility with thinking about possibilities is the improvement of skill in deductive reasoning, which leads to the d... | What type of thinking provides the ability to plan ahead and makes adolescents more skilled debaters? | {
"answer_start": [
334
],
"text": [
"hypothetical"
]
} |
570d6464b3d812140066d7de | Adolescence | Adolescents' thinking is less bound to concrete events than that of children: they can contemplate possibilities outside the realm of what currently exists. One manifestation of the adolescent's increased facility with thinking about possibilities is the improvement of skill in deductive reasoning, which leads to the d... | Adolescents develop a more sophisticated understanding of what mathematical concept thanks to their increased hypothetical thinking abilties? | {
"answer_start": [
665
],
"text": [
"probability"
]
} |
570d6596b3d812140066d801 | Adolescence | The timing of puberty can have important psychological and social consequences. Early maturing boys are usually taller and stronger than their friends. They have the advantage in capturing the attention of potential partners and in becoming hand-picked for sports. Pubescent boys often tend to have a good body image, ar... | Are sexual actvity and risky behaviors more likely in boys that mature early or later? | {
"answer_start": [
975
],
"text": [
"early"
]
} |
570d6596b3d812140066d802 | Adolescence | The timing of puberty can have important psychological and social consequences. Early maturing boys are usually taller and stronger than their friends. They have the advantage in capturing the attention of potential partners and in becoming hand-picked for sports. Pubescent boys often tend to have a good body image, ar... | Increased aggresiveness and early sexual maturation in adolescent boys are due to a surge of what? | {
"answer_start": [
657
],
"text": [
"hormones"
]
} |
570d6596b3d812140066d803 | Adolescence | The timing of puberty can have important psychological and social consequences. Early maturing boys are usually taller and stronger than their friends. They have the advantage in capturing the attention of potential partners and in becoming hand-picked for sports. Pubescent boys often tend to have a good body image, ar... | Are early or late maturing boys generally taller and stronger than their friends? | {
"answer_start": [
80
],
"text": [
"Early"
]
} |
570d6596b3d812140066d804 | Adolescence | The timing of puberty can have important psychological and social consequences. Early maturing boys are usually taller and stronger than their friends. They have the advantage in capturing the attention of potential partners and in becoming hand-picked for sports. Pubescent boys often tend to have a good body image, ar... | What is one reason a late maturing boy may be less confident when comparing himself to others? | {
"answer_start": [
420
],
"text": [
"poor body image"
]
} |
570d6669b3d812140066d81d | Adolescence | Wisdom, or the capacity for insight and judgment that is developed through experience, increases between the ages of fourteen and twenty-five, then levels off. Thus, it is during the adolescence-adulthood transition that individuals acquire the type of wisdom that is associated with age. Wisdom is not the same as intel... | How is wisdom defined? | {
"answer_start": [
15
],
"text": [
"capacity for insight and judgment that is developed through experience"
]
} |
570d6669b3d812140066d81e | Adolescence | Wisdom, or the capacity for insight and judgment that is developed through experience, increases between the ages of fourteen and twenty-five, then levels off. Thus, it is during the adolescence-adulthood transition that individuals acquire the type of wisdom that is associated with age. Wisdom is not the same as intel... | Wisdom increases between age fourteen and what? | {
"answer_start": [
130
],
"text": [
"twenty-five"
]
} |
570d6669b3d812140066d81f | Adolescence | Wisdom, or the capacity for insight and judgment that is developed through experience, increases between the ages of fourteen and twenty-five, then levels off. Thus, it is during the adolescence-adulthood transition that individuals acquire the type of wisdom that is associated with age. Wisdom is not the same as intel... | Is wisdom the same thing as intelligence? | {
"answer_start": [
344
],
"text": [
"not"
]
} |
570d6669b3d812140066d820 | Adolescence | Wisdom, or the capacity for insight and judgment that is developed through experience, increases between the ages of fourteen and twenty-five, then levels off. Thus, it is during the adolescence-adulthood transition that individuals acquire the type of wisdom that is associated with age. Wisdom is not the same as intel... | Do adolescents perform significantly better on IQ tests than other age groups? | {
"answer_start": [
344
],
"text": [
"not"
]
} |
570d6669b3d812140066d821 | Adolescence | Wisdom, or the capacity for insight and judgment that is developed through experience, increases between the ages of fourteen and twenty-five, then levels off. Thus, it is during the adolescence-adulthood transition that individuals acquire the type of wisdom that is associated with age. Wisdom is not the same as intel... | What word is defined as the capacity for insight and judgement that is developed through experience? | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Wisdom"
]
} |
570d672cb3d812140066d837 | Adolescence | In studying adolescent development, adolescence can be defined biologically, as the physical transition marked by the onset of puberty and the termination of physical growth; cognitively, as changes in the ability to think abstractly and multi-dimensionally; or socially, as a period of preparation for adult roles. Majo... | How is adolescence defined biologically? | {
"answer_start": [
80
],
"text": [
"the physical transition marked by the onset of puberty and the termination of physical growth"
]
} |
570d672cb3d812140066d838 | Adolescence | In studying adolescent development, adolescence can be defined biologically, as the physical transition marked by the onset of puberty and the termination of physical growth; cognitively, as changes in the ability to think abstractly and multi-dimensionally; or socially, as a period of preparation for adult roles. Majo... | How is adolescence defined cognitively? | {
"answer_start": [
191
],
"text": [
"changes in the ability to think abstractly and multi-dimensionally"
]
} |
570d672cb3d812140066d839 | Adolescence | In studying adolescent development, adolescence can be defined biologically, as the physical transition marked by the onset of puberty and the termination of physical growth; cognitively, as changes in the ability to think abstractly and multi-dimensionally; or socially, as a period of preparation for adult roles. Majo... | How is adolescence defined socially? | {
"answer_start": [
275
],
"text": [
"a period of preparation for adult roles"
]
} |
570d672cb3d812140066d83a | Adolescence | In studying adolescent development, adolescence can be defined biologically, as the physical transition marked by the onset of puberty and the termination of physical growth; cognitively, as changes in the ability to think abstractly and multi-dimensionally; or socially, as a period of preparation for adult roles. Majo... | Changes to sex organs, height, weight, and muscle mass are examples of which type of change? | {
"answer_start": [
335
],
"text": [
"biological"
]
} |
570d672cb3d812140066d83b | Adolescence | In studying adolescent development, adolescence can be defined biologically, as the physical transition marked by the onset of puberty and the termination of physical growth; cognitively, as changes in the ability to think abstractly and multi-dimensionally; or socially, as a period of preparation for adult roles. Majo... | Increases in knowledge and the ability to think abstractly are examples of which kind of change? | {
"answer_start": [
484
],
"text": [
"Cognitive"
]
} |
570d6819b3d812140066d869 | Adolescence | Jean Macfarlane founded the University of California, Berkeley's Institute of Human Development, formerly called the Institute of Child Welfare, in 1927. The Institute was instrumental in initiating studies of healthy development, in contrast to previous work that had been dominated by theories based on pathological pe... | Who founded the University of California, Berkeley's Institude of Human Development? | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Jean Macfarlane"
]
} |
570d6819b3d812140066d86a | Adolescence | Jean Macfarlane founded the University of California, Berkeley's Institute of Human Development, formerly called the Institute of Child Welfare, in 1927. The Institute was instrumental in initiating studies of healthy development, in contrast to previous work that had been dominated by theories based on pathological pe... | What year was the University of California, Berkeley's Instutute of Human Development founded? | {
"answer_start": [
148
],
"text": [
"1927"
]
} |
570d6819b3d812140066d86b | Adolescence | Jean Macfarlane founded the University of California, Berkeley's Institute of Human Development, formerly called the Institute of Child Welfare, in 1927. The Institute was instrumental in initiating studies of healthy development, in contrast to previous work that had been dominated by theories based on pathological pe... | What was the Univerity of California, Berkeley's Institute of Human Development formerly called? | {
"answer_start": [
117
],
"text": [
"Institute of Child Welfare"
]
} |
570d6819b3d812140066d86c | Adolescence | Jean Macfarlane founded the University of California, Berkeley's Institute of Human Development, formerly called the Institute of Child Welfare, in 1927. The Institute was instrumental in initiating studies of healthy development, in contrast to previous work that had been dominated by theories based on pathological pe... | What year was the Oakland Growth Study initiated? | {
"answer_start": [
570
],
"text": [
"1931"
]
} |
570d6819b3d812140066d86d | Adolescence | Jean Macfarlane founded the University of California, Berkeley's Institute of Human Development, formerly called the Institute of Child Welfare, in 1927. The Institute was instrumental in initiating studies of healthy development, in contrast to previous work that had been dominated by theories based on pathological pe... | What year did data for the Oakland Growth Study stop being collected? | {
"answer_start": [
725
],
"text": [
"1981"
]
} |
570d7b4db3d812140066d9cb | Adolescence | The major landmark of puberty for males is the first ejaculation, which occurs, on average, at age 13. For females, it is menarche, the onset of menstruation, which occurs, on average, between ages 12 and 13. The age of menarche is influenced by heredity, but a girl's diet and lifestyle contribute as well. Regardless o... | What is a male's major landmark of puberty? | {
"answer_start": [
47
],
"text": [
"first ejaculation"
]
} |
570d7b4db3d812140066d9cc | Adolescence | The major landmark of puberty for males is the first ejaculation, which occurs, on average, at age 13. For females, it is menarche, the onset of menstruation, which occurs, on average, between ages 12 and 13. The age of menarche is influenced by heredity, but a girl's diet and lifestyle contribute as well. Regardless o... | At what average age does a male's first ejaculation occur? | {
"answer_start": [
99
],
"text": [
"13"
]
} |
570d7b4db3d812140066d9cd | Adolescence | The major landmark of puberty for males is the first ejaculation, which occurs, on average, at age 13. For females, it is menarche, the onset of menstruation, which occurs, on average, between ages 12 and 13. The age of menarche is influenced by heredity, but a girl's diet and lifestyle contribute as well. Regardless o... | What is a female's major landmark of puberty? | {
"answer_start": [
145
],
"text": [
"menstruation"
]
} |
570d7b4db3d812140066d9ce | Adolescence | The major landmark of puberty for males is the first ejaculation, which occurs, on average, at age 13. For females, it is menarche, the onset of menstruation, which occurs, on average, between ages 12 and 13. The age of menarche is influenced by heredity, but a girl's diet and lifestyle contribute as well. Regardless o... | Besides heredity, what other factors contribute to when menustration begins? | {
"answer_start": [
269
],
"text": [
"diet and lifestyle"
]
} |
570d7b4db3d812140066d9cf | Adolescence | The major landmark of puberty for males is the first ejaculation, which occurs, on average, at age 13. For females, it is menarche, the onset of menstruation, which occurs, on average, between ages 12 and 13. The age of menarche is influenced by heredity, but a girl's diet and lifestyle contribute as well. Regardless o... | Do girls who are malnourished start menustrating earlier or later than those with high-fat diets? | {
"answer_start": [
777
],
"text": [
"later"
]
} |
570d7fc7fed7b91900d461d1 | Adolescence | Adolescents can conceptualize multiple "possible selves" that they could become and long-term possibilities and consequences of their choices. Exploring these possibilities may result in abrupt changes in self-presentation as the adolescent chooses or rejects qualities and behaviors, trying to guide the actual self tow... | How can the ideal self be described in terms of the adolescent? | {
"answer_start": [
340
],
"text": [
"who the adolescent wishes to be"
]
} |
570d7fc7fed7b91900d461d2 | Adolescence | Adolescents can conceptualize multiple "possible selves" that they could become and long-term possibilities and consequences of their choices. Exploring these possibilities may result in abrupt changes in self-presentation as the adolescent chooses or rejects qualities and behaviors, trying to guide the actual self tow... | How can the feared self be described in terms of the adolescent? | {
"answer_start": [
404
],
"text": [
"who the adolescent does not want to be"
]
} |
570d7fc7fed7b91900d461d3 | Adolescence | Adolescents can conceptualize multiple "possible selves" that they could become and long-term possibilities and consequences of their choices. Exploring these possibilities may result in abrupt changes in self-presentation as the adolescent chooses or rejects qualities and behaviors, trying to guide the actual self tow... | Do adolescents demonstrate intended behavior moving towards the ideal or feared self? | {
"answer_start": [
328
],
"text": [
"ideal"
]
} |
570d80ccb3d812140066da0d | Adolescence | In females, changes in the primary sex characteristics involve growth of the uterus, vagina, and other aspects of the reproductive system. Menarche, the beginning of menstruation, is a relatively late development which follows a long series of hormonal changes. Generally, a girl is not fully fertile until several years... | What term is the beginning of menstruation given? | {
"answer_start": [
139
],
"text": [
"Menarche"
]
} |
570d80ccb3d812140066da0e | Adolescence | In females, changes in the primary sex characteristics involve growth of the uterus, vagina, and other aspects of the reproductive system. Menarche, the beginning of menstruation, is a relatively late development which follows a long series of hormonal changes. Generally, a girl is not fully fertile until several years... | How many years does regular ovulation follow menarche? | {
"answer_start": [
384
],
"text": [
"two years"
]
} |
570d80ccb3d812140066da10 | Adolescence | In females, changes in the primary sex characteristics involve growth of the uterus, vagina, and other aspects of the reproductive system. Menarche, the beginning of menstruation, is a relatively late development which follows a long series of hormonal changes. Generally, a girl is not fully fertile until several years... | What are two areas of the reproductive system that experience growth in females during puberty? | {
"answer_start": [
77
],
"text": [
"uterus, vagina"
]
} |
570d80ccb3d812140066da0f | Adolescence | In females, changes in the primary sex characteristics involve growth of the uterus, vagina, and other aspects of the reproductive system. Menarche, the beginning of menstruation, is a relatively late development which follows a long series of hormonal changes. Generally, a girl is not fully fertile until several years... | Do males or females appear physically mature before they are capable of reproduction? | {
"answer_start": [
420
],
"text": [
"females"
]
} |
570d97d816d0071400510ba5 | Adolescence | Primary sex characteristics are those directly related to the sex organs. In males, the first stages of puberty involve growth of the testes and scrotum, followed by growth of the penis. At the time that the penis develops, the seminal vesicles, the prostate, and the bulbourethral gland also enlarge and develop. The fi... | What activity often results in a boy's first ejaculation? | {
"answer_start": [
565
],
"text": [
"masturbation"
]
} |
570d97d816d0071400510ba6 | Adolescence | Primary sex characteristics are those directly related to the sex organs. In males, the first stages of puberty involve growth of the testes and scrotum, followed by growth of the penis. At the time that the penis develops, the seminal vesicles, the prostate, and the bulbourethral gland also enlarge and develop. The fi... | What are primary sex characteristics? | {
"answer_start": [
32
],
"text": [
"those directly related to the sex organs"
]
} |
570d97d816d0071400510ba7 | Adolescence | Primary sex characteristics are those directly related to the sex organs. In males, the first stages of puberty involve growth of the testes and scrotum, followed by growth of the penis. At the time that the penis develops, the seminal vesicles, the prostate, and the bulbourethral gland also enlarge and develop. The fi... | What does the first stage of puberty involve for males? | {
"answer_start": [
120
],
"text": [
"growth of the testes and scrotum"
]
} |
570d97d816d0071400510ba8 | Adolescence | Primary sex characteristics are those directly related to the sex organs. In males, the first stages of puberty involve growth of the testes and scrotum, followed by growth of the penis. At the time that the penis develops, the seminal vesicles, the prostate, and the bulbourethral gland also enlarge and develop. The fi... | After growth of the testes and scrotum, while male body part experiences growth next? | {
"answer_start": [
180
],
"text": [
"penis"
]
} |
570d97d816d0071400510ba9 | Adolescence | Primary sex characteristics are those directly related to the sex organs. In males, the first stages of puberty involve growth of the testes and scrotum, followed by growth of the penis. At the time that the penis develops, the seminal vesicles, the prostate, and the bulbourethral gland also enlarge and develop. The fi... | Which male body parts enlarge and develop at the same time as the penis? | {
"answer_start": [
228
],
"text": [
"seminal vesicles, the prostate, and the bulbourethral gland"
]
} |
570d995c16d0071400510bb9 | Adolescence | Adolescence marks a rapid change in one's role within a family. Young children tend to assert themselves forcefully, but are unable to demonstrate much influence over family decisions until early adolescence, when they are increasingly viewed by parents as equals. The adolescent faces the task of increasing independenc... | At what stage do parents see their children as equals? | {
"answer_start": [
190
],
"text": [
"early adolescence"
]
} |
570d995c16d0071400510bba | Adolescence | Adolescence marks a rapid change in one's role within a family. Young children tend to assert themselves forcefully, but are unable to demonstrate much influence over family decisions until early adolescence, when they are increasingly viewed by parents as equals. The adolescent faces the task of increasing independenc... | During what stage of development is there increased parent-child conflict and a less cohesive familial bond? | {
"answer_start": [
411
],
"text": [
"puberty"
]
} |
570d995c16d0071400510bbb | Adolescence | Adolescence marks a rapid change in one's role within a family. Young children tend to assert themselves forcefully, but are unable to demonstrate much influence over family decisions until early adolescence, when they are increasingly viewed by parents as equals. The adolescent faces the task of increasing independenc... | During puberty and adolescence, do most children share the same or different attitudes and values as their parents? | {
"answer_start": [
1833
],
"text": [
"same"
]
} |
570d9a1c16d0071400510bc9 | Adolescence | The first areas of the brain to be pruned are those involving primary functions, such as motor and sensory areas. The areas of the brain involved in more complex processes lose matter later in development. These include the lateral and prefrontal cortices, among other regions. Some of the most developmentally significa... | Which part of the brain is involved in decision making and cognitive control? | {
"answer_start": [
357
],
"text": [
"prefrontal cortex"
]
} |
570d9a1c16d0071400510bca | Adolescence | The first areas of the brain to be pruned are those involving primary functions, such as motor and sensory areas. The areas of the brain involved in more complex processes lose matter later in development. These include the lateral and prefrontal cortices, among other regions. Some of the most developmentally significa... | Which area of the brain is important for controlling impulses and planning ahead? | {
"answer_start": [
855
],
"text": [
"dorsolateral prefrontal cortex"
]
} |
570d9a1c16d0071400510bcb | Adolescence | The first areas of the brain to be pruned are those involving primary functions, such as motor and sensory areas. The areas of the brain involved in more complex processes lose matter later in development. These include the lateral and prefrontal cortices, among other regions. Some of the most developmentally significa... | Which part of the brain is important for evaluating rewards and risks? | {
"answer_start": [
1050
],
"text": [
"orbitofrontal cortex"
]
} |
570d9a1c16d0071400510bcc | Adolescence | The first areas of the brain to be pruned are those involving primary functions, such as motor and sensory areas. The areas of the brain involved in more complex processes lose matter later in development. These include the lateral and prefrontal cortices, among other regions. Some of the most developmentally significa... | Which are the first areas to be pruned during puberty? | {
"answer_start": [
46
],
"text": [
"those involving primary functions"
]
} |
570d9a1c16d0071400510bcd | Adolescence | The first areas of the brain to be pruned are those involving primary functions, such as motor and sensory areas. The areas of the brain involved in more complex processes lose matter later in development. These include the lateral and prefrontal cortices, among other regions. Some of the most developmentally significa... | Motor and sensory skills are examples of what kind of brain function? | {
"answer_start": [
62
],
"text": [
"primary"
]
} |
570d9b8216d0071400510bd9 | Adolescence | Communication within peer groups allows adolescents to explore their feelings and identity as well as develop and evaluate their social skills. Peer groups offer members the opportunity to develop social skills such as empathy, sharing, and leadership. Adolescents choose peer groups based on characteristics similarly f... | What is one area in which peer groups can have positive influences on an individual? | {
"answer_start": [
809
],
"text": [
"academic motivation and performance"
]
} |
570d9b8216d0071400510bda | Adolescence | Communication within peer groups allows adolescents to explore their feelings and identity as well as develop and evaluate their social skills. Peer groups offer members the opportunity to develop social skills such as empathy, sharing, and leadership. Adolescents choose peer groups based on characteristics similarly f... | What are some of the negative experiences that peer pressure can influence during adolescence? | {
"answer_start": [
998
],
"text": [
"experimentation with drugs, drinking, vandalism, and stealing"
]
} |
570d9b8216d0071400510bdb | Adolescence | Communication within peer groups allows adolescents to explore their feelings and identity as well as develop and evaluate their social skills. Peer groups offer members the opportunity to develop social skills such as empathy, sharing, and leadership. Adolescents choose peer groups based on characteristics similarly f... | At what age does succeptability to peer pressure peak? | {
"answer_start": [
1168
],
"text": [
"14"
]
} |
570d9b8216d0071400510bdc | Adolescence | Communication within peer groups allows adolescents to explore their feelings and identity as well as develop and evaluate their social skills. Peer groups offer members the opportunity to develop social skills such as empathy, sharing, and leadership. Adolescents choose peer groups based on characteristics similarly f... | What are some social skills that peer groups offer members the opportunity to develop? | {
"answer_start": [
219
],
"text": [
"empathy, sharing, and leadership"
]
} |
570d9c7616d0071400510beb | Adolescence | There are at least two major approaches to understanding cognitive change during adolescence. One is the constructivist view of cognitive development. Based on the work of Piaget, it takes a quantitative, state-theory approach, hypothesizing that adolescents' cognitive improvement is relatively sudden and drastic. The ... | What view towards cognitive development during adolescence did Piaget take? | {
"answer_start": [
105
],
"text": [
"constructivist"
]
} |
570d9c7616d0071400510bec | Adolescence | There are at least two major approaches to understanding cognitive change during adolescence. One is the constructivist view of cognitive development. Based on the work of Piaget, it takes a quantitative, state-theory approach, hypothesizing that adolescents' cognitive improvement is relatively sudden and drastic. The ... | Did Piaget believe that cognitive improvement was sudden and drastic or slow and steadied? | {
"answer_start": [
296
],
"text": [
"sudden and drastic"
]
} |
570d9c7616d0071400510bed | Adolescence | There are at least two major approaches to understanding cognitive change during adolescence. One is the constructivist view of cognitive development. Based on the work of Piaget, it takes a quantitative, state-theory approach, hypothesizing that adolescents' cognitive improvement is relatively sudden and drastic. The ... | Besides the information-processing perspective, what is the other major approach to understanding cognitive change during adolescence? | {
"answer_start": [
191
],
"text": [
"quantitative, state-theory"
]
} |
570d9c7616d0071400510bee | Adolescence | There are at least two major approaches to understanding cognitive change during adolescence. One is the constructivist view of cognitive development. Based on the work of Piaget, it takes a quantitative, state-theory approach, hypothesizing that adolescents' cognitive improvement is relatively sudden and drastic. The ... | The information-processing perspective towards cognitive development derives from the study of what? | {
"answer_start": [
402
],
"text": [
"artificial intelligence"
]
} |
570d9dfadf2f5219002ed058 | Adolescence | Adolescence marks a time of sexual maturation, which manifests in social interactions as well. While adolescents may engage in casual sexual encounters (often referred to as hookups), most sexual experience during this period of development takes place within romantic relationships. Adolescents can use technologies and... | Casual sexual encounters are often referred to as what? | {
"answer_start": [
174
],
"text": [
"hookups"
]
} |
570d9dfadf2f5219002ed059 | Adolescence | Adolescence marks a time of sexual maturation, which manifests in social interactions as well. While adolescents may engage in casual sexual encounters (often referred to as hookups), most sexual experience during this period of development takes place within romantic relationships. Adolescents can use technologies and... | Do most sexual experiences during adolescence take place within or seperate from romantic relationships? | {
"answer_start": [
253
],
"text": [
"within"
]
} |
570d9dfadf2f5219002ed05a | Adolescence | Adolescence marks a time of sexual maturation, which manifests in social interactions as well. While adolescents may engage in casual sexual encounters (often referred to as hookups), most sexual experience during this period of development takes place within romantic relationships. Adolescents can use technologies and... | Where do some adolescents feel is a safe place to seek out romantic relationships, try out dating and indentity exploration? | {
"answer_start": [
321
],
"text": [
"social media"
]
} |
570d9dfadf2f5219002ed05b | Adolescence | Adolescence marks a time of sexual maturation, which manifests in social interactions as well. While adolescents may engage in casual sexual encounters (often referred to as hookups), most sexual experience during this period of development takes place within romantic relationships. Adolescents can use technologies and... | What seperates "heavy" sexual activity from other forms of affection? | {
"answer_start": [
647
],
"text": [
"genital stimulation"
]
} |
570d9dfadf2f5219002ed05c | Adolescence | Adolescence marks a time of sexual maturation, which manifests in social interactions as well. While adolescents may engage in casual sexual encounters (often referred to as hookups), most sexual experience during this period of development takes place within romantic relationships. Adolescents can use technologies and... | For older adolescents, is sexual activity in a romantic relationship associated with lower or higher levels of deviant behavior? | {
"answer_start": [
1206
],
"text": [
"lower"
]
} |
570d9f0316d0071400510bfd | Adolescence | A third gain in cognitive ability involves thinking about thinking itself, a process referred to as metacognition. It often involves monitoring one's own cognitive activity during the thinking process. Adolescents' improvements in knowledge of their own thinking patterns lead to better self-control and more effective s... | What is the term used to describe thinking about thinking itself? | {
"answer_start": [
100
],
"text": [
"metacognition"
]
} |
570d9f0316d0071400510bfe | Adolescence | A third gain in cognitive ability involves thinking about thinking itself, a process referred to as metacognition. It often involves monitoring one's own cognitive activity during the thinking process. Adolescents' improvements in knowledge of their own thinking patterns lead to better self-control and more effective s... | Are adolescents or children better able to understand that people do not have complete control over their thoughts? | {
"answer_start": [
564
],
"text": [
"Adolescents"
]
} |
570d9f0316d0071400510bff | Adolescence | A third gain in cognitive ability involves thinking about thinking itself, a process referred to as metacognition. It often involves monitoring one's own cognitive activity during the thinking process. Adolescents' improvements in knowledge of their own thinking patterns lead to better self-control and more effective s... | The imaginary audience and personal fable peak at what age? | {
"answer_start": [
892
],
"text": [
"fifteen"
]
} |
570d9f0316d0071400510c00 | Adolescence | A third gain in cognitive ability involves thinking about thinking itself, a process referred to as metacognition. It often involves monitoring one's own cognitive activity during the thinking process. Adolescents' improvements in knowledge of their own thinking patterns lead to better self-control and more effective s... | At what age does self-consciousness in general peak? | {
"answer_start": [
892
],
"text": [
"fifteen"
]
} |
570da031df2f5219002ed072 | Adolescence | A questionnaire called the teen timetable has been used to measure the age at which individuals believe adolescents should be able to engage in behaviors associated with autonomy. This questionnaire has been used to gauge differences in cultural perceptions of adolescent autonomy, finding, for instance, that White pare... | What questionaire has been used to measure the age in which adolescents should be able to engage in autonomous behaviors? | {
"answer_start": [
27
],
"text": [
"teen timetable"
]
} |
570da031df2f5219002ed073 | Adolescence | A questionnaire called the teen timetable has been used to measure the age at which individuals believe adolescents should be able to engage in behaviors associated with autonomy. This questionnaire has been used to gauge differences in cultural perceptions of adolescent autonomy, finding, for instance, that White pare... | Do White or Asian parents tend to expect autonomy earlier than the other? | {
"answer_start": [
310
],
"text": [
"White"
]
} |
570da031df2f5219002ed074 | Adolescence | A questionnaire called the teen timetable has been used to measure the age at which individuals believe adolescents should be able to engage in behaviors associated with autonomy. This questionnaire has been used to gauge differences in cultural perceptions of adolescent autonomy, finding, for instance, that White pare... | What has the teen timetable questionnaire been used to guage? | {
"answer_start": [
222
],
"text": [
"differences in cultural perceptions of adolescent autonomy"
]
} |
570da297df2f5219002ed082 | Adolescence | Given the potential consequences, engaging in sexual behavior is somewhat risky, particularly for adolescents. Having unprotected sex, using poor birth control methods (e.g. withdrawal), having multiple sexual partners, and poor communication are some aspects of sexual behavior that increase individual and/or social ri... | What is an example of a poor birth control method? | {
"answer_start": [
174
],
"text": [
"withdrawal"
]
} |
570da297df2f5219002ed083 | Adolescence | Given the potential consequences, engaging in sexual behavior is somewhat risky, particularly for adolescents. Having unprotected sex, using poor birth control methods (e.g. withdrawal), having multiple sexual partners, and poor communication are some aspects of sexual behavior that increase individual and/or social ri... | Are higher or lower levels of parental support associated with risky sexual behavior? | {
"answer_start": [
457
],
"text": [
"lower"
]
} |
570da297df2f5219002ed084 | Adolescence | Given the potential consequences, engaging in sexual behavior is somewhat risky, particularly for adolescents. Having unprotected sex, using poor birth control methods (e.g. withdrawal), having multiple sexual partners, and poor communication are some aspects of sexual behavior that increase individual and/or social ri... | Is exploratory sexual behavior seen as similar or seperate to other aspects of identity? | {
"answer_start": [
756
],
"text": [
"similar"
]
} |
570da297df2f5219002ed085 | Adolescence | Given the potential consequences, engaging in sexual behavior is somewhat risky, particularly for adolescents. Having unprotected sex, using poor birth control methods (e.g. withdrawal), having multiple sexual partners, and poor communication are some aspects of sexual behavior that increase individual and/or social ri... | Does having unprotected sex, multiple sexual partners, and poor communication increase or decrease individual and social risk? | {
"answer_start": [
284
],
"text": [
"increase"
]
} |
570da4e916d0071400510c3b | Adolescence | Research seems to favor the hypothesis that adolescents and adults think about risk in similar ways, but hold different values and thus come to different conclusions. Some have argued that there may be evolutionary benefits to an increased propensity for risk-taking in adolescence. For example, without a willingness to... | Does research favor or reject the hypothesis that adolescents and adults think about risk similarly but hold different values and therefore come to different conclusions? | {
"answer_start": [
18
],
"text": [
"favor"
]
} |
570da4e916d0071400510c3c | Adolescence | Research seems to favor the hypothesis that adolescents and adults think about risk in similar ways, but hold different values and thus come to different conclusions. Some have argued that there may be evolutionary benefits to an increased propensity for risk-taking in adolescence. For example, without a willingness to... | A priority in sexual attraction and dating can prove helpful in order to complete what reproductive advantage? | {
"answer_start": [
837
],
"text": [
"impress potential mates"
]
} |
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