id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringclasses 442
values | context stringlengths 151 3.71k | question stringlengths 12 270 | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
5728418f2ca10214002da1b6 | Federalism | Usually, a federation is formed at two levels: the central government and the regions (states, provinces, territories), and little to nothing is said about second or third level administrative political entities. Brazil is an exception, because the 1988 Constitution included the municipalities as autonomous political e... | Why is Brazil an exception? | {
"answer_start": [
237
],
"text": [
"because the 1988 Constitution included the municipalities as autonomous political entities making the federation tripartite"
]
} |
5728418f2ca10214002da1b7 | Federalism | Usually, a federation is formed at two levels: the central government and the regions (states, provinces, territories), and little to nothing is said about second or third level administrative political entities. Brazil is an exception, because the 1988 Constitution included the municipalities as autonomous political e... | What is each state divided into? | {
"answer_start": [
449
],
"text": [
"municipalities"
]
} |
5728418f2ca10214002da1b8 | Federalism | Usually, a federation is formed at two levels: the central government and the regions (states, provinces, territories), and little to nothing is said about second or third level administrative political entities. Brazil is an exception, because the 1988 Constitution included the municipalities as autonomous political e... | What does each state have their own of? | {
"answer_start": [
477
],
"text": [
"with their own legislative council (câmara de vereadores) and a mayor (prefeito"
]
} |
5728424d2ca10214002da1c8 | Federalism | China is the largest unitary state in the world by both population and land area. Although China has had long periods of central rule for centuries, it is often argued that the unitary structure of the Chinese government is far too unwieldy to effectively and equitably manage the country's affairs. On the other hand, C... | China is the largest what? | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"China is the largest unitary state in the world by both population and land area"
]
} |
5728424d2ca10214002da1c9 | Federalism | China is the largest unitary state in the world by both population and land area. Although China has had long periods of central rule for centuries, it is often argued that the unitary structure of the Chinese government is far too unwieldy to effectively and equitably manage the country's affairs. On the other hand, C... | What are Chinese nationalist suspicious of? | {
"answer_start": [
358
],
"text": [
"decentralization"
]
} |
5728424d2ca10214002da1ca | Federalism | China is the largest unitary state in the world by both population and land area. Although China has had long periods of central rule for centuries, it is often argued that the unitary structure of the Chinese government is far too unwieldy to effectively and equitably manage the country's affairs. On the other hand, C... | Why is China's government similar to unity structure? | {
"answer_start": [
202
],
"text": [
"Chinese government is far too unwieldy to effectively and equitably manage the country's affairs"
]
} |
5728424d2ca10214002da1cb | Federalism | China is the largest unitary state in the world by both population and land area. Although China has had long periods of central rule for centuries, it is often argued that the unitary structure of the Chinese government is far too unwieldy to effectively and equitably manage the country's affairs. On the other hand, C... | How long has China been with centralized power? | {
"answer_start": [
138
],
"text": [
"centuries"
]
} |
572842e03acd2414000df7fb | Federalism | The Philippines is a unitary state with some powers devolved to Local Government Units (LGUs) under the terms of the Local Government Code. There is also one autonomous region, the Autonomous Region of Muslim Mindanao. Over the years various modifications have been proposed to the Constitution of the Philippines, inclu... | What type of state is the Philippines? | {
"answer_start": [
21
],
"text": [
"unitary state"
]
} |
572842e03acd2414000df7fc | Federalism | The Philippines is a unitary state with some powers devolved to Local Government Units (LGUs) under the terms of the Local Government Code. There is also one autonomous region, the Autonomous Region of Muslim Mindanao. Over the years various modifications have been proposed to the Constitution of the Philippines, inclu... | What types of powers does the Philippines have? | {
"answer_start": [
40
],
"text": [
"some powers devolved to Local Government Units (LGUs) under the terms of the Local Government Code"
]
} |
572842e03acd2414000df7fd | Federalism | The Philippines is a unitary state with some powers devolved to Local Government Units (LGUs) under the terms of the Local Government Code. There is also one autonomous region, the Autonomous Region of Muslim Mindanao. Over the years various modifications have been proposed to the Constitution of the Philippines, inclu... | What type of modifications been added to the Philippines Constitution? | {
"answer_start": [
325
],
"text": [
"possible transition to a federal system as part of a shift to a parliamentary system."
]
} |
572842e03acd2414000df7fe | Federalism | The Philippines is a unitary state with some powers devolved to Local Government Units (LGUs) under the terms of the Local Government Code. There is also one autonomous region, the Autonomous Region of Muslim Mindanao. Over the years various modifications have been proposed to the Constitution of the Philippines, inclu... | What did President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo establish? | {
"answer_start": [
477
],
"text": [
"the Consultative Commission"
]
} |
5728442e2ca10214002da200 | Federalism | Spain is a unitary state with a high level of decentralisation, often regarded as a federal system in all but name or a "federation without federalism". The country has been quoted as being "an extraordinarily decentralized country", with the central government accounting for just 18% of public spending, 38% for the re... | What type of state is Spain? | {
"answer_start": [
11
],
"text": [
"unitary state"
]
} |
5728442e2ca10214002da201 | Federalism | Spain is a unitary state with a high level of decentralisation, often regarded as a federal system in all but name or a "federation without federalism". The country has been quoted as being "an extraordinarily decentralized country", with the central government accounting for just 18% of public spending, 38% for the re... | What type of federalism system does Spain have? | {
"answer_start": [
11
],
"text": [
"unitary state with a high level of decentralisation, often regarded as a federal system in all but name or a \"federation without federalism\""
]
} |
5728442e2ca10214002da202 | Federalism | Spain is a unitary state with a high level of decentralisation, often regarded as a federal system in all but name or a "federation without federalism". The country has been quoted as being "an extraordinarily decentralized country", with the central government accounting for just 18% of public spending, 38% for the re... | What type of government does Spain have? | {
"answer_start": [
243
],
"text": [
"central government"
]
} |
5728442e2ca10214002da203 | Federalism | Spain is a unitary state with a high level of decentralisation, often regarded as a federal system in all but name or a "federation without federalism". The country has been quoted as being "an extraordinarily decentralized country", with the central government accounting for just 18% of public spending, 38% for the re... | What does Spain's government accounts for? | {
"answer_start": [
283
],
"text": [
"8% of public spending, 38% for the regional governments, 13% for the local councils, and the remaining 31% for the social security system"
]
} |
572844c5ff5b5019007da066 | Federalism | The United Kingdom has traditionally been governed as a unitary state by the Westminster Parliament in London. Instead of adopting a federal model, the UK has relied on gradual devolution to decentralise political power. Devolution in the UK began with the Government of Ireland Act 1914 which granted home rule to Irela... | How has United Kingdom been governed? | {
"answer_start": [
56
],
"text": [
"unitary state"
]
} |
572844c5ff5b5019007da067 | Federalism | The United Kingdom has traditionally been governed as a unitary state by the Westminster Parliament in London. Instead of adopting a federal model, the UK has relied on gradual devolution to decentralise political power. Devolution in the UK began with the Government of Ireland Act 1914 which granted home rule to Irela... | Instead of the UK adopting the federalist model, what did they do? | {
"answer_start": [
152
],
"text": [
"UK has relied on gradual devolution to decentralise political power"
]
} |
572844c5ff5b5019007da068 | Federalism | The United Kingdom has traditionally been governed as a unitary state by the Westminster Parliament in London. Instead of adopting a federal model, the UK has relied on gradual devolution to decentralise political power. Devolution in the UK began with the Government of Ireland Act 1914 which granted home rule to Irela... | When did devolution in the UK begin? | {
"answer_start": [
283
],
"text": [
"1914"
]
} |
572844c5ff5b5019007da069 | Federalism | The United Kingdom has traditionally been governed as a unitary state by the Westminster Parliament in London. Instead of adopting a federal model, the UK has relied on gradual devolution to decentralise political power. Devolution in the UK began with the Government of Ireland Act 1914 which granted home rule to Irela... | What is Ireland Act 1914? | {
"answer_start": [
288
],
"text": [
"which granted home rule to Ireland as a constituent country of the former United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland"
]
} |
572844c5ff5b5019007da06a | Federalism | The United Kingdom has traditionally been governed as a unitary state by the Westminster Parliament in London. Instead of adopting a federal model, the UK has relied on gradual devolution to decentralise political power. Devolution in the UK began with the Government of Ireland Act 1914 which granted home rule to Irela... | What is Irish Free State? | {
"answer_start": [
514
],
"text": [
"eventually evolved into the modern day Republic of Ireland"
]
} |
57284566ff5b5019007da082 | Federalism | In modern times, a process of devolution in the United Kingdom has decentralised power once again. Since the 1997 referendums in Scotland and Wales and the Good Friday Agreement in Northern Ireland, three of the four constituent countries of the UK now have some level of autonomy. Government has been devolved to the Sc... | What has the process of devolution in the UK did? | {
"answer_start": [
67
],
"text": [
"decentralised power once again"
]
} |
57284566ff5b5019007da083 | Federalism | In modern times, a process of devolution in the United Kingdom has decentralised power once again. Since the 1997 referendums in Scotland and Wales and the Good Friday Agreement in Northern Ireland, three of the four constituent countries of the UK now have some level of autonomy. Government has been devolved to the Sc... | What happened since 1997? | {
"answer_start": [
114
],
"text": [
"referendums in Scotland and Wales and the Good Friday Agreement in Northern Ireland"
]
} |
57284566ff5b5019007da084 | Federalism | In modern times, a process of devolution in the United Kingdom has decentralised power once again. Since the 1997 referendums in Scotland and Wales and the Good Friday Agreement in Northern Ireland, three of the four constituent countries of the UK now have some level of autonomy. Government has been devolved to the Sc... | Does England have its own Parliament? | {
"answer_start": [
406
],
"text": [
"England does not have its own parliament and English affairs continue to be decided by the Westminster Parliament"
]
} |
57284566ff5b5019007da085 | Federalism | In modern times, a process of devolution in the United Kingdom has decentralised power once again. Since the 1997 referendums in Scotland and Wales and the Good Friday Agreement in Northern Ireland, three of the four constituent countries of the UK now have some level of autonomy. Government has been devolved to the Sc... | What does the region of England continue to use? | {
"answer_start": [
748
],
"text": [
"certain governmental administrative functions"
]
} |
572845ec4b864d190016488c | Federalism | Federalism also finds expression in ecclesiology (the doctrine of the church). For example, presbyterian church governance resembles parliamentary republicanism (a form of political federalism) to a large extent. In Presbyterian denominations, the local church is ruled by elected elders, some of which are ministerial. ... | What is ecclesiology? | {
"answer_start": [
50
],
"text": [
"the doctrine of the church"
]
} |
572845ec4b864d190016488d | Federalism | Federalism also finds expression in ecclesiology (the doctrine of the church). For example, presbyterian church governance resembles parliamentary republicanism (a form of political federalism) to a large extent. In Presbyterian denominations, the local church is ruled by elected elders, some of which are ministerial. ... | What happens in Presbyterian denominations? | {
"answer_start": [
244
],
"text": [
"the local church is ruled by elected elders, some of which are ministerial."
]
} |
572845ec4b864d190016488e | Federalism | Federalism also finds expression in ecclesiology (the doctrine of the church). For example, presbyterian church governance resembles parliamentary republicanism (a form of political federalism) to a large extent. In Presbyterian denominations, the local church is ruled by elected elders, some of which are ministerial. ... | In political federalism what does Presbyterian ecclesiology do? | {
"answer_start": [
665
],
"text": [
"shared sovereignty"
]
} |
572845ec4b864d190016488f | Federalism | Federalism also finds expression in ecclesiology (the doctrine of the church). For example, presbyterian church governance resembles parliamentary republicanism (a form of political federalism) to a large extent. In Presbyterian denominations, the local church is ruled by elected elders, some of which are ministerial. ... | What does each greater level of assembly have? | {
"answer_start": [
469
],
"text": [
"authority over its constituent members"
]
} |
572848c23acd2414000df887 | Federalism | Some Christians argue that the earliest source of political federalism (or federalism in human institutions; in contrast to theological federalism) is the ecclesiastical federalism found in the Bible. They point to the structure of the early Christian Church as described (and prescribed, as believed by many) in the New... | When was the earliest source of political federalism according to Christians? | {
"answer_start": [
148
],
"text": [
"is the ecclesiastical federalism found in the Bible."
]
} |
572848c23acd2414000df888 | Federalism | Some Christians argue that the earliest source of political federalism (or federalism in human institutions; in contrast to theological federalism) is the ecclesiastical federalism found in the Bible. They point to the structure of the early Christian Church as described (and prescribed, as believed by many) in the New... | What was the structure that the early Christian church described? | {
"answer_start": [
310
],
"text": [
"in the New Testament"
]
} |
572848c23acd2414000df889 | Federalism | Some Christians argue that the earliest source of political federalism (or federalism in human institutions; in contrast to theological federalism) is the ecclesiastical federalism found in the Bible. They point to the structure of the early Christian Church as described (and prescribed, as believed by many) in the New... | What happens in the council of Jerusalem? | {
"answer_start": [
451
],
"text": [
"the Apostles and elders gathered together to govern the Church"
]
} |
572848c23acd2414000df88a | Federalism | Some Christians argue that the earliest source of political federalism (or federalism in human institutions; in contrast to theological federalism) is the ecclesiastical federalism found in the Bible. They point to the structure of the early Christian Church as described (and prescribed, as believed by many) in the New... | Where can the elements of federalism can be found? | {
"answer_start": [
655
],
"text": [
"can be found in almost every Christian denomination, some more than others."
]
} |
5728498d3acd2414000df8a1 | Federalism | In almost all federations the central government enjoys the powers of foreign policy and national defense as exclusive federal powers. Were this not the case a federation would not be a single sovereign state, per the UN definition. Notably, the states of Germany retain the right to act on their own behalf at an intern... | In nearly all federalism countries, central powers enjoy what? | {
"answer_start": [
56
],
"text": [
"the powers of foreign policy and national defense as exclusive federal powers"
]
} |
5728498d3acd2414000df8a2 | Federalism | In almost all federations the central government enjoys the powers of foreign policy and national defense as exclusive federal powers. Were this not the case a federation would not be a single sovereign state, per the UN definition. Notably, the states of Germany retain the right to act on their own behalf at an intern... | Per the UN definition, what is federalism? | {
"answer_start": [
160
],
"text": [
"federation would not be a single sovereign state"
]
} |
5728498d3acd2414000df8a3 | Federalism | In almost all federations the central government enjoys the powers of foreign policy and national defense as exclusive federal powers. Were this not the case a federation would not be a single sovereign state, per the UN definition. Notably, the states of Germany retain the right to act on their own behalf at an intern... | What is the German Empire? | {
"answer_start": [
256
],
"text": [
"Germany retain the right to act on their own behalf at an international level,"
]
} |
5728498d3acd2414000df8a4 | Federalism | In almost all federations the central government enjoys the powers of foreign policy and national defense as exclusive federal powers. Were this not the case a federation would not be a single sovereign state, per the UN definition. Notably, the states of Germany retain the right to act on their own behalf at an intern... | What is the libson treaty? | {
"answer_start": [
1243
],
"text": [
"powers which are not either exclusively of European competence or shared between EU and state as concurrent powers are retained by the constituent states."
]
} |
5727a5a64b864d190016394a | Galicia_(Spain) | Galicia (English i/ɡəˈlɪsiə/, /ɡəˈlɪʃə/; Galician: [ɡaˈliθja] ( listen), [ħaˈliθja], or [ħaˈlisja]; Spanish: [ɡaˈliθja]; Galician and Portuguese: Galiza, [ɡaˈliθa] ( listen), [ħaˈliθa] or [ħaˈlisa]) is an autonomous community of Spain and historic nationality under Spanish law. Located in the North-West of the Iberian ... | Which country is Galicia in? | {
"answer_start": [
229
],
"text": [
"Spain"
]
} |
5727a5a64b864d190016394b | Galicia_(Spain) | Galicia (English i/ɡəˈlɪsiə/, /ɡəˈlɪʃə/; Galician: [ɡaˈliθja] ( listen), [ħaˈliθja], or [ħaˈlisja]; Spanish: [ɡaˈliθja]; Galician and Portuguese: Galiza, [ɡaˈliθa] ( listen), [ħaˈliθa] or [ħaˈlisa]) is an autonomous community of Spain and historic nationality under Spanish law. Located in the North-West of the Iberian ... | Where is its geographic location? | {
"answer_start": [
294
],
"text": [
"North-West of the Iberian Peninsula"
]
} |
5727a5a64b864d190016394c | Galicia_(Spain) | Galicia (English i/ɡəˈlɪsiə/, /ɡəˈlɪʃə/; Galician: [ɡaˈliθja] ( listen), [ħaˈliθja], or [ħaˈlisja]; Spanish: [ɡaˈliθja]; Galician and Portuguese: Galiza, [ɡaˈliθa] ( listen), [ħaˈliθa] or [ħaˈlisa]) is an autonomous community of Spain and historic nationality under Spanish law. Located in the North-West of the Iberian ... | Which large body of water does Galicia border? | {
"answer_start": [
531
],
"text": [
"Atlantic Ocean"
]
} |
5727a5a64b864d190016394d | Galicia_(Spain) | Galicia (English i/ɡəˈlɪsiə/, /ɡəˈlɪʃə/; Galician: [ɡaˈliθja] ( listen), [ħaˈliθja], or [ħaˈlisja]; Spanish: [ɡaˈliθja]; Galician and Portuguese: Galiza, [ɡaˈliθa] ( listen), [ħaˈliθa] or [ħaˈlisa]) is an autonomous community of Spain and historic nationality under Spanish law. Located in the North-West of the Iberian ... | What is its largest island? | {
"answer_start": [
854
],
"text": [
"Arousa"
]
} |
5727a5a82ca10214002d92c6 | Galicia_(Spain) | The area now called Galicia was first inhabited by humans during the Middle Paleolithic period, and it takes its name from the Gallaeci, the Celtic peoples living north of the Douro river during the last millennium BC, in a region largely coincidental with that of the Iron Age local Castro culture. Galicia was incorpor... | During which period did humans first inhabit Galicia? | {
"answer_start": [
69
],
"text": [
"Middle Paleolithic"
]
} |
5727a5a82ca10214002d92c7 | Galicia_(Spain) | The area now called Galicia was first inhabited by humans during the Middle Paleolithic period, and it takes its name from the Gallaeci, the Celtic peoples living north of the Douro river during the last millennium BC, in a region largely coincidental with that of the Iron Age local Castro culture. Galicia was incorpor... | Where does its name come from? | {
"answer_start": [
127
],
"text": [
"Gallaeci, the Celtic peoples"
]
} |
5727a5a82ca10214002d92c8 | Galicia_(Spain) | The area now called Galicia was first inhabited by humans during the Middle Paleolithic period, and it takes its name from the Gallaeci, the Celtic peoples living north of the Douro river during the last millennium BC, in a region largely coincidental with that of the Iron Age local Castro culture. Galicia was incorpor... | Which empire turned Galicia into one of its provinces the 3rd century AD? | {
"answer_start": [
334
],
"text": [
"Roman Empire"
]
} |
5727a5a82ca10214002d92c9 | Galicia_(Spain) | The area now called Galicia was first inhabited by humans during the Middle Paleolithic period, and it takes its name from the Gallaeci, the Celtic peoples living north of the Douro river during the last millennium BC, in a region largely coincidental with that of the Iron Age local Castro culture. Galicia was incorpor... | What was the name of the assembly of representatives that began in the 16th century? | {
"answer_start": [
1485
],
"text": [
"the Cortes or Junta"
]
} |
5727a5a82ca10214002d92ca | Galicia_(Spain) | The area now called Galicia was first inhabited by humans during the Middle Paleolithic period, and it takes its name from the Gallaeci, the Celtic peoples living north of the Douro river during the last millennium BC, in a region largely coincidental with that of the Iron Age local Castro culture. Galicia was incorpor... | Which year was the current Statute of Autonomy enacted? | {
"answer_start": [
1902
],
"text": [
"1981"
]
} |
5727a5aa4b864d1900163952 | Galicia_(Spain) | The interior of Galicia is characterized by its hilly landscape, although mountain ranges rise to 2,000 m (6,600 ft) in the east and south. The coastal areas are mostly an alternate series of rías (submerged valleys where the sea penetrates tens of kilometres inland) and cliffs. The climate of Galicia is temperate and ... | How high does Galicia's mountain ranges rise? | {
"answer_start": [
98
],
"text": [
"2,000 m (6,600 ft)"
]
} |
5727a5aa4b864d1900163953 | Galicia_(Spain) | The interior of Galicia is characterized by its hilly landscape, although mountain ranges rise to 2,000 m (6,600 ft) in the east and south. The coastal areas are mostly an alternate series of rías (submerged valleys where the sea penetrates tens of kilometres inland) and cliffs. The climate of Galicia is temperate and ... | What have been its two primary sources of wealth? | {
"answer_start": [
517
],
"text": [
"animal husbandry and farming"
]
} |
5727a5aa4b864d1900163954 | Galicia_(Spain) | The interior of Galicia is characterized by its hilly landscape, although mountain ranges rise to 2,000 m (6,600 ft) in the east and south. The coastal areas are mostly an alternate series of rías (submerged valleys where the sea penetrates tens of kilometres inland) and cliffs. The climate of Galicia is temperate and ... | Name its northwestern coastal area. | {
"answer_start": [
1012
],
"text": [
"Ferrol to A Coruña"
]
} |
5727a5aa4b864d1900163955 | Galicia_(Spain) | The interior of Galicia is characterized by its hilly landscape, although mountain ranges rise to 2,000 m (6,600 ft) in the east and south. The coastal areas are mostly an alternate series of rías (submerged valleys where the sea penetrates tens of kilometres inland) and cliffs. The climate of Galicia is temperate and ... | Name its political capital. | {
"answer_start": [
1241
],
"text": [
"Santiago de Compostela"
]
} |
5727a5aa4b864d1900163956 | Galicia_(Spain) | The interior of Galicia is characterized by its hilly landscape, although mountain ranges rise to 2,000 m (6,600 ft) in the east and south. The coastal areas are mostly an alternate series of rías (submerged valleys where the sea penetrates tens of kilometres inland) and cliffs. The climate of Galicia is temperate and ... | Which province is this capital in? | {
"answer_start": [
1284
],
"text": [
"A Coruña"
]
} |
5727a76e2ca10214002d92f4 | Galicia_(Spain) | The name evolved during the Middle Ages from Gallaecia, sometimes written Galletia, to Gallicia. In the 13th century, with the written emergence of the Galician language, Galiza became the most usual written form of the name of the country, being replaced during the 15th and 16th centuries by the current form, Galicia,... | What is one variation of Gallicia's name used during the Middle Ages? | {
"answer_start": [
74
],
"text": [
"Galletia"
]
} |
5727a76e2ca10214002d92f5 | Galicia_(Spain) | The name evolved during the Middle Ages from Gallaecia, sometimes written Galletia, to Gallicia. In the 13th century, with the written emergence of the Galician language, Galiza became the most usual written form of the name of the country, being replaced during the 15th and 16th centuries by the current form, Galicia,... | Which spelling was the most common spelling during the 13th century? | {
"answer_start": [
171
],
"text": [
"Galiza"
]
} |
5727a76e2ca10214002d92f6 | Galicia_(Spain) | The name evolved during the Middle Ages from Gallaecia, sometimes written Galletia, to Gallicia. In the 13th century, with the written emergence of the Galician language, Galiza became the most usual written form of the name of the country, being replaced during the 15th and 16th centuries by the current form, Galicia,... | When did it get its modern spelling? | {
"answer_start": [
267
],
"text": [
"15th and 16th centuries"
]
} |
5727a76e2ca10214002d92f7 | Galicia_(Spain) | The name evolved during the Middle Ages from Gallaecia, sometimes written Galletia, to Gallicia. In the 13th century, with the written emergence of the Galician language, Galiza became the most usual written form of the name of the country, being replaced during the 15th and 16th centuries by the current form, Galicia,... | What is the name of the local government? | {
"answer_start": [
567
],
"text": [
"Xunta de Galicia"
]
} |
5727a76e2ca10214002d92f8 | Galicia_(Spain) | The name evolved during the Middle Ages from Gallaecia, sometimes written Galletia, to Gallicia. In the 13th century, with the written emergence of the Galician language, Galiza became the most usual written form of the name of the country, being replaced during the 15th and 16th centuries by the current form, Galicia,... | Which group regulates the Galician language? | {
"answer_start": [
616
],
"text": [
"The Royal Galician Academy"
]
} |
5727a7714b864d1900163990 | Galicia_(Spain) | Although the etymology of the name has been studied since the 7th century by authors like Isidore of Seville —who wrote that "Galicians are called so, because of their fair skin, as the Gauls", relating the name to the Greek word for milk—, currently scholars derive the name of the ancient Callaeci either from Proto-In... | Which author wrote that "Galicians are called so, because of their fair skin, as the Gauls"? | {
"answer_start": [
90
],
"text": [
"Isidore"
]
} |
5727a7714b864d1900163991 | Galicia_(Spain) | Although the etymology of the name has been studied since the 7th century by authors like Isidore of Seville —who wrote that "Galicians are called so, because of their fair skin, as the Gauls", relating the name to the Greek word for milk—, currently scholars derive the name of the ancient Callaeci either from Proto-In... | Which original ethnic name is "Galicia" derived from? | {
"answer_start": [
571
],
"text": [
"Kallaikói"
]
} |
5727a7714b864d1900163992 | Galicia_(Spain) | Although the etymology of the name has been studied since the 7th century by authors like Isidore of Seville —who wrote that "Galicians are called so, because of their fair skin, as the Gauls", relating the name to the Greek word for milk—, currently scholars derive the name of the ancient Callaeci either from Proto-In... | What does Galicia's name mean? | {
"answer_start": [
594
],
"text": [
"the land of the Galicians"
]
} |
5727a97b4b864d19001639d4 | Galicia_(Spain) | The oldest attestation of human presence in Galicia has been found in the Eirós Cave, in the municipality of Triacastela, which has preserved animal remains and Neanderthal stone objects from the Middle Paleolithic. The earliest culture to have left significant architectural traces is the Megalithic culture which expan... | Where in Galicia has the oldest evidence of humans been found? | {
"answer_start": [
74
],
"text": [
"Eirós Cave"
]
} |
5727a97b4b864d19001639d5 | Galicia_(Spain) | The oldest attestation of human presence in Galicia has been found in the Eirós Cave, in the municipality of Triacastela, which has preserved animal remains and Neanderthal stone objects from the Middle Paleolithic. The earliest culture to have left significant architectural traces is the Megalithic culture which expan... | Which municipality is this in? | {
"answer_start": [
109
],
"text": [
"Triacastela"
]
} |
5727a97b4b864d19001639d6 | Galicia_(Spain) | The oldest attestation of human presence in Galicia has been found in the Eirós Cave, in the municipality of Triacastela, which has preserved animal remains and Neanderthal stone objects from the Middle Paleolithic. The earliest culture to have left significant architectural traces is the Megalithic culture which expan... | What is the oldest culture whose structures have been found? | {
"answer_start": [
290
],
"text": [
"Megalithic"
]
} |
5727a97b4b864d19001639d7 | Galicia_(Spain) | The oldest attestation of human presence in Galicia has been found in the Eirós Cave, in the municipality of Triacastela, which has preserved animal remains and Neanderthal stone objects from the Middle Paleolithic. The earliest culture to have left significant architectural traces is the Megalithic culture which expan... | Which two minerals found in abundance in Galicia were used during Bronze Age? | {
"answer_start": [
716
],
"text": [
"tin and gold"
]
} |
5727aa364b864d19001639ec | Galicia_(Spain) | The Castro culture ('Culture of the Castles') developed during the Iron Age, and flourished during the second half of the first millennium BC. It is usually considered a local evolution of the Atlantic Bronze Age, with later developments and influences and overlapping into the Roman era. Geographically, it corresponds ... | What does the Castro culture's name mean? | {
"answer_start": [
21
],
"text": [
"Culture of the Castles"
]
} |
5727aa364b864d19001639ed | Galicia_(Spain) | The Castro culture ('Culture of the Castles') developed during the Iron Age, and flourished during the second half of the first millennium BC. It is usually considered a local evolution of the Atlantic Bronze Age, with later developments and influences and overlapping into the Roman era. Geographically, it corresponds ... | When did the Castro culture flourish? | {
"answer_start": [
103
],
"text": [
"second half of the first millennium BC."
]
} |
5727aa364b864d19001639ee | Galicia_(Spain) | The Castro culture ('Culture of the Castles') developed during the Iron Age, and flourished during the second half of the first millennium BC. It is usually considered a local evolution of the Atlantic Bronze Age, with later developments and influences and overlapping into the Roman era. Geographically, it corresponds ... | Who mentioned the ancient Galician's "warlike spirit"? | {
"answer_start": [
619
],
"text": [
"Appian"
]
} |
5727aa364b864d19001639ef | Galicia_(Spain) | The Castro culture ('Culture of the Castles') developed during the Iron Age, and flourished during the second half of the first millennium BC. It is usually considered a local evolution of the Atlantic Bronze Age, with later developments and influences and overlapping into the Roman era. Geographically, it corresponds ... | Who was it that described people living on the coast as "Celtic"? | {
"answer_start": [
782
],
"text": [
"Pomponius Mela"
]
} |
5727abe34b864d1900163a06 | Galicia_(Spain) | Gallaeci lived in castros. These were usually annular forts, with one or more concentric earthen or stony walls, with a trench in front of each one. They were frequently located at hills, or in seashore cliffs and peninsulas. Some well known castros can be found, in the seashore, at Fazouro, Santa Tegra, Baroña and O N... | What were the forts that the Gallaeci lived in called? | {
"answer_start": [
18
],
"text": [
"castros"
]
} |
5727abe34b864d1900163a07 | Galicia_(Spain) | Gallaeci lived in castros. These were usually annular forts, with one or more concentric earthen or stony walls, with a trench in front of each one. They were frequently located at hills, or in seashore cliffs and peninsulas. Some well known castros can be found, in the seashore, at Fazouro, Santa Tegra, Baroña and O N... | Where were these forts commonly built? | {
"answer_start": [
181
],
"text": [
"hills"
]
} |
5727abe34b864d1900163a08 | Galicia_(Spain) | Gallaeci lived in castros. These were usually annular forts, with one or more concentric earthen or stony walls, with a trench in front of each one. They were frequently located at hills, or in seashore cliffs and peninsulas. Some well known castros can be found, in the seashore, at Fazouro, Santa Tegra, Baroña and O N... | Where is one place where one of the inland forts can be found? | {
"answer_start": [
360
],
"text": [
"Borneiro"
]
} |
5727abe34b864d1900163a09 | Galicia_(Spain) | Gallaeci lived in castros. These were usually annular forts, with one or more concentric earthen or stony walls, with a trench in front of each one. They were frequently located at hills, or in seashore cliffs and peninsulas. Some well known castros can be found, in the seashore, at Fazouro, Santa Tegra, Baroña and O N... | Statues have been made in whose likeness? | {
"answer_start": [
465
],
"text": [
"warrior"
]
} |
5727b0db2ca10214002d93ee | Galicia_(Spain) | Later the Muslims invaded Spain (711), but the Arabs and Moors never managed to have any real control over Galicia, which was later incorporated into the expanding Christian Kingdom of Asturias, usually known as Gallaecia or Galicia (Yillīqiya and Galīsiya) by Muslim Chroniclers, as well as by many European contemporar... | Though the Muslims couldn't take full control of Galicia, when was it that they invaded Spain? | {
"answer_start": [
33
],
"text": [
"711"
]
} |
5727b0db2ca10214002d93ef | Galicia_(Spain) | Later the Muslims invaded Spain (711), but the Arabs and Moors never managed to have any real control over Galicia, which was later incorporated into the expanding Christian Kingdom of Asturias, usually known as Gallaecia or Galicia (Yillīqiya and Galīsiya) by Muslim Chroniclers, as well as by many European contemporar... | Which kingdom did Galicia later become a part of? | {
"answer_start": [
185
],
"text": [
"Asturias"
]
} |
5727b0db2ca10214002d93f0 | Galicia_(Spain) | Later the Muslims invaded Spain (711), but the Arabs and Moors never managed to have any real control over Galicia, which was later incorporated into the expanding Christian Kingdom of Asturias, usually known as Gallaecia or Galicia (Yillīqiya and Galīsiya) by Muslim Chroniclers, as well as by many European contemporar... | As a result, what became the religion of Galician society? | {
"answer_start": [
360
],
"text": [
"Christian"
]
} |
5727b0db2ca10214002d93f1 | Galicia_(Spain) | Later the Muslims invaded Spain (711), but the Arabs and Moors never managed to have any real control over Galicia, which was later incorporated into the expanding Christian Kingdom of Asturias, usually known as Gallaecia or Galicia (Yillīqiya and Galīsiya) by Muslim Chroniclers, as well as by many European contemporar... | Ancient Galicians took control of which city in northern Portugal? | {
"answer_start": [
487
],
"text": [
"Coimbra"
]
} |
5727b0de2ca10214002d93f6 | Galicia_(Spain) | The Roman legions first entered the area under Decimus Junius Brutus in 137–136 BC, but the country was only incorporated into the Roman Empire by the time of Augustus (29 BC – 19 BC). The Romans were interested in Galicia mainly for its mineral resources, most notably gold. Under Roman rule, most Galician hillforts be... | Under whom did Roman legions first enter Galicia? | {
"answer_start": [
47
],
"text": [
"Decimus Junius Brutus"
]
} |
5727b0de2ca10214002d93f7 | Galicia_(Spain) | The Roman legions first entered the area under Decimus Junius Brutus in 137–136 BC, but the country was only incorporated into the Roman Empire by the time of Augustus (29 BC – 19 BC). The Romans were interested in Galicia mainly for its mineral resources, most notably gold. Under Roman rule, most Galician hillforts be... | Galicia was incorporated into the Roman Empire under whose rule? | {
"answer_start": [
159
],
"text": [
"Augustus"
]
} |
5727b0de2ca10214002d93f8 | Galicia_(Spain) | The Roman legions first entered the area under Decimus Junius Brutus in 137–136 BC, but the country was only incorporated into the Roman Empire by the time of Augustus (29 BC – 19 BC). The Romans were interested in Galicia mainly for its mineral resources, most notably gold. Under Roman rule, most Galician hillforts be... | Which mineral found in Galicia were the Romans interested in? | {
"answer_start": [
270
],
"text": [
"gold"
]
} |
5727b0de2ca10214002d93f9 | Galicia_(Spain) | The Roman legions first entered the area under Decimus Junius Brutus in 137–136 BC, but the country was only incorporated into the Roman Empire by the time of Augustus (29 BC – 19 BC). The Romans were interested in Galicia mainly for its mineral resources, most notably gold. Under Roman rule, most Galician hillforts be... | Which language did the Romans introduce to Galicia? | {
"answer_start": [
540
],
"text": [
"latin"
]
} |
5727b0de2ca10214002d93fa | Galicia_(Spain) | The Roman legions first entered the area under Decimus Junius Brutus in 137–136 BC, but the country was only incorporated into the Roman Empire by the time of Augustus (29 BC – 19 BC). The Romans were interested in Galicia mainly for its mineral resources, most notably gold. Under Roman rule, most Galician hillforts be... | The Romans used which lighthouse located in Corunna as part of its effort to establish control the area? | {
"answer_start": [
739
],
"text": [
"Tower of Hercules"
]
} |
5727b0de4b864d1900163a82 | Galicia_(Spain) | In the early 5th century, the deep crisis suffered by the Roman Empire allowed different tribes of Central Europe (Suebi, Vandals and Alani) to cross the Rhine and penetrate into the rule on 31 December 406. Its progress towards the Iberian Peninsula forced the Roman authorities to establish a treaty (foedus) by which ... | At the end of which year did Central Europe tribes invade the Roman Empire? | {
"answer_start": [
203
],
"text": [
"406"
]
} |
5727b0de4b864d1900163a83 | Galicia_(Spain) | In the early 5th century, the deep crisis suffered by the Roman Empire allowed different tribes of Central Europe (Suebi, Vandals and Alani) to cross the Rhine and penetrate into the rule on 31 December 406. Its progress towards the Iberian Peninsula forced the Roman authorities to establish a treaty (foedus) by which ... | Which tribe did the Romans subsequently make a treaty with? | {
"answer_start": [
324
],
"text": [
"Suebi"
]
} |
5727b0de4b864d1900163a84 | Galicia_(Spain) | In the early 5th century, the deep crisis suffered by the Roman Empire allowed different tribes of Central Europe (Suebi, Vandals and Alani) to cross the Rhine and penetrate into the rule on 31 December 406. Its progress towards the Iberian Peninsula forced the Roman authorities to establish a treaty (foedus) by which ... | What was the name of the Briton colony formed in Northern Galicia? | {
"answer_start": [
717
],
"text": [
"Britonia"
]
} |
5727b0de4b864d1900163a85 | Galicia_(Spain) | In the early 5th century, the deep crisis suffered by the Roman Empire allowed different tribes of Central Europe (Suebi, Vandals and Alani) to cross the Rhine and penetrate into the rule on 31 December 406. Its progress towards the Iberian Peninsula forced the Roman authorities to establish a treaty (foedus) by which ... | Which Visigothic king took over control of Galicia from the Suebi? | {
"answer_start": [
803
],
"text": [
"Leovigild"
]
} |
5727b0de4b864d1900163a86 | Galicia_(Spain) | In the early 5th century, the deep crisis suffered by the Roman Empire allowed different tribes of Central Europe (Suebi, Vandals and Alani) to cross the Rhine and penetrate into the rule on 31 December 406. Its progress towards the Iberian Peninsula forced the Roman authorities to establish a treaty (foedus) by which ... | In which year did this happen? | {
"answer_start": [
778
],
"text": [
"585"
]
} |
5727b23d3acd2414000dea01 | Galicia_(Spain) | In the 9th century, the rise of the cult of the Apostle James in Santiago de Compostela gave Galicia a particular symbolic importance among Christians, an importance it would hold throughout the Reconquista. As the Middle Ages went on, Santiago became a major pilgrim destination and the Way of Saint James (Camiño de Sa... | Which cult arose in Galicia during the 9th century? | {
"answer_start": [
48
],
"text": [
"Apostle James"
]
} |
5727b23d3acd2414000dea02 | Galicia_(Spain) | In the 9th century, the rise of the cult of the Apostle James in Santiago de Compostela gave Galicia a particular symbolic importance among Christians, an importance it would hold throughout the Reconquista. As the Middle Ages went on, Santiago became a major pilgrim destination and the Way of Saint James (Camiño de Sa... | Where was this cult based in? | {
"answer_start": [
65
],
"text": [
"Santiago de Compostela"
]
} |
5727b23d3acd2414000dea03 | Galicia_(Spain) | In the 9th century, the rise of the cult of the Apostle James in Santiago de Compostela gave Galicia a particular symbolic importance among Christians, an importance it would hold throughout the Reconquista. As the Middle Ages went on, Santiago became a major pilgrim destination and the Way of Saint James (Camiño de Sa... | Name the road that lead there. | {
"answer_start": [
288
],
"text": [
"Way of Saint James"
]
} |
5727b23d3acd2414000dea04 | Galicia_(Spain) | In the 9th century, the rise of the cult of the Apostle James in Santiago de Compostela gave Galicia a particular symbolic importance among Christians, an importance it would hold throughout the Reconquista. As the Middle Ages went on, Santiago became a major pilgrim destination and the Way of Saint James (Camiño de Sa... | What did Galicians call the Vikings? | {
"answer_start": [
636
],
"text": [
"Leodemanes or Lordomanes"
]
} |
5727b23d3acd2414000dea05 | Galicia_(Spain) | In the 9th century, the rise of the cult of the Apostle James in Santiago de Compostela gave Galicia a particular symbolic importance among Christians, an importance it would hold throughout the Reconquista. As the Middle Ages went on, Santiago became a major pilgrim destination and the Way of Saint James (Camiño de Sa... | To stop the Vikings from raiding, what did the Galicians build as a defense system? | {
"answer_start": [
698
],
"text": [
"Towers of Catoira"
]
} |
5727b460ff5b5019007d9304 | Galicia_(Spain) | In 1063, Ferdinand I of Castile divided his realm among his sons, and the Kingdom of Galicia was granted to Garcia II of Galicia. In 1072, it was forcibly annexed by Garcia's brother Alfonso VI of León; from that time Galicia was united with the Kingdom of León under the same monarchs. In the 13th century Alfonso X of ... | Who was it that in 1063 gave rule over Galicia to his son? | {
"answer_start": [
9
],
"text": [
"Ferdinand I"
]
} |
5727b460ff5b5019007d9305 | Galicia_(Spain) | In 1063, Ferdinand I of Castile divided his realm among his sons, and the Kingdom of Galicia was granted to Garcia II of Galicia. In 1072, it was forcibly annexed by Garcia's brother Alfonso VI of León; from that time Galicia was united with the Kingdom of León under the same monarchs. In the 13th century Alfonso X of ... | What was the name of this son? | {
"answer_start": [
108
],
"text": [
"Garcia II"
]
} |
5727b460ff5b5019007d9306 | Galicia_(Spain) | In 1063, Ferdinand I of Castile divided his realm among his sons, and the Kingdom of Galicia was granted to Garcia II of Galicia. In 1072, it was forcibly annexed by Garcia's brother Alfonso VI of León; from that time Galicia was united with the Kingdom of León under the same monarchs. In the 13th century Alfonso X of ... | Who was the brother who later took control for himself? | {
"answer_start": [
183
],
"text": [
"Alfonso VI"
]
} |
5727b460ff5b5019007d9307 | Galicia_(Spain) | In 1063, Ferdinand I of Castile divided his realm among his sons, and the Kingdom of Galicia was granted to Garcia II of Galicia. In 1072, it was forcibly annexed by Garcia's brother Alfonso VI of León; from that time Galicia was united with the Kingdom of León under the same monarchs. In the 13th century Alfonso X of ... | Galicia then became part of which Kingdom? | {
"answer_start": [
246
],
"text": [
"Kingdom of León"
]
} |
5727b460ff5b5019007d9308 | Galicia_(Spain) | In 1063, Ferdinand I of Castile divided his realm among his sons, and the Kingdom of Galicia was granted to Garcia II of Galicia. In 1072, it was forcibly annexed by Garcia's brother Alfonso VI of León; from that time Galicia was united with the Kingdom of León under the same monarchs. In the 13th century Alfonso X of ... | Who standardized Castillan and made it the government's official language? | {
"answer_start": [
307
],
"text": [
"Alfonso X"
]
} |
5727b6123acd2414000dea47 | Galicia_(Spain) | On the other hand, the lack of an effective royal justice system in the Kingdom led to the social conflict known as the Guerras Irmandiñas ('Wars of the brotherhoods'), when leagues of peasants and burghers, with the support of a number of knights, noblemen, and under legal protection offered by the remote king, topple... | Social turmoil led to conflict? | {
"answer_start": [
120
],
"text": [
"Guerras Irmandiñas"
]
} |
5727b6123acd2414000dea48 | Galicia_(Spain) | On the other hand, the lack of an effective royal justice system in the Kingdom led to the social conflict known as the Guerras Irmandiñas ('Wars of the brotherhoods'), when leagues of peasants and burghers, with the support of a number of knights, noblemen, and under legal protection offered by the remote king, topple... | Which two royals were part of the dynastic conflict of the 15th century? | {
"answer_start": [
486
],
"text": [
"Isabella I of Castile and Joanna La Beltraneja"
]
} |
5727b6123acd2414000dea49 | Galicia_(Spain) | On the other hand, the lack of an effective royal justice system in the Kingdom led to the social conflict known as the Guerras Irmandiñas ('Wars of the brotherhoods'), when leagues of peasants and burghers, with the support of a number of knights, noblemen, and under legal protection offered by the remote king, topple... | The subsequent reforms were coined as "doma del Reino de Galicia" by who? | {
"answer_start": [
685
],
"text": [
"Jeronimo Zurita"
]
} |
5727b6123acd2414000dea4a | Galicia_(Spain) | On the other hand, the lack of an effective royal justice system in the Kingdom led to the social conflict known as the Guerras Irmandiñas ('Wars of the brotherhoods'), when leagues of peasants and burghers, with the support of a number of knights, noblemen, and under legal protection offered by the remote king, topple... | What was the name of the local government and tribunal? | {
"answer_start": [
996
],
"text": [
"Real Audiencia del Reino de Galicia"
]
} |
5727b73b4b864d1900163b24 | Galicia_(Spain) | The modern period of the kingdom of Galicia began with the murder or defeat of some of the most powerful Galician lords, such as Pedro Álvarez de Sotomayor, called Pedro Madruga, and Rodrigo Henriquez Osorio, at the hands of the Castilian armies sent to Galicia between the years 1480 and 1486. Isabella I of Castile, co... | Castillan armies invaded Galicia between which years? | {
"answer_start": [
280
],
"text": [
"1480 and 1486"
]
} |
5727b73b4b864d1900163b25 | Galicia_(Spain) | The modern period of the kingdom of Galicia began with the murder or defeat of some of the most powerful Galician lords, such as Pedro Álvarez de Sotomayor, called Pedro Madruga, and Rodrigo Henriquez Osorio, at the hands of the Castilian armies sent to Galicia between the years 1480 and 1486. Isabella I of Castile, co... | Which powerful Galician lords did they murder? | {
"answer_start": [
164
],
"text": [
"Pedro Madruga, and Rodrigo Henriquez Osorio"
]
} |
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