id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringclasses 442
values | context stringlengths 151 3.71k | question stringlengths 12 270 | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
5727ad6a3acd2414000de964 | USB | Unlike other data cables (e.g., Ethernet, HDMI), each end of a USB cable uses a different kind of connector; a Type-A or a Type-B. This kind of design was chosen to prevent electrical overloads and damaged equipment, as only the Type-A socket provides power. There are cables with Type-A connectors on both ends, but the... | Why were the designs for different USB connectors made? | {
"answer_start": [
162
],
"text": [
"to prevent electrical overloads and damaged equipment"
]
} |
5727ad6a3acd2414000de965 | USB | Unlike other data cables (e.g., Ethernet, HDMI), each end of a USB cable uses a different kind of connector; a Type-A or a Type-B. This kind of design was chosen to prevent electrical overloads and damaged equipment, as only the Type-A socket provides power. There are cables with Type-A connectors on both ends, but the... | The Type-A connector is usually what size? | {
"answer_start": [
578
],
"text": [
"the Type-A connector is usually the full size"
]
} |
5727ad6a3acd2414000de966 | USB | Unlike other data cables (e.g., Ethernet, HDMI), each end of a USB cable uses a different kind of connector; a Type-A or a Type-B. This kind of design was chosen to prevent electrical overloads and damaged equipment, as only the Type-A socket provides power. There are cables with Type-A connectors on both ends, but the... | What size is the Type-B connector? | {
"answer_start": [
629
],
"text": [
"the Type-B side can vary as needed"
]
} |
5727aeb02ca10214002d93a8 | USB | Counter-intuitively, the "micro" size is the most durable from the point of designed insertion lifetime. The standard and mini connectors were designed for less than daily connections, with a design lifetime of 1,500 insertion-removal cycles. (Improved mini-B connectors have reached 5,000-cycle lifetimes.) Micro connec... | What size is the most durable from the point of designed insertion lifetime? | {
"answer_start": [
21
],
"text": [
"the \"micro\" size"
]
} |
5727aeb02ca10214002d93a9 | USB | Counter-intuitively, the "micro" size is the most durable from the point of designed insertion lifetime. The standard and mini connectors were designed for less than daily connections, with a design lifetime of 1,500 insertion-removal cycles. (Improved mini-B connectors have reached 5,000-cycle lifetimes.) Micro connec... | What was designed for less daily connections? | {
"answer_start": [
105
],
"text": [
"The standard and mini connectors"
]
} |
5727aeb02ca10214002d93aa | USB | Counter-intuitively, the "micro" size is the most durable from the point of designed insertion lifetime. The standard and mini connectors were designed for less than daily connections, with a design lifetime of 1,500 insertion-removal cycles. (Improved mini-B connectors have reached 5,000-cycle lifetimes.) Micro connec... | What has reached 5,000-cycle lifetimes? | {
"answer_start": [
244
],
"text": [
"Improved mini-B connectors"
]
} |
5727aeb02ca10214002d93ab | USB | Counter-intuitively, the "micro" size is the most durable from the point of designed insertion lifetime. The standard and mini connectors were designed for less than daily connections, with a design lifetime of 1,500 insertion-removal cycles. (Improved mini-B connectors have reached 5,000-cycle lifetimes.) Micro connec... | What was designed with frequent charging of portable devices in mind? | {
"answer_start": [
308
],
"text": [
"Micro connectors"
]
} |
5727afbeff5b5019007d9298 | USB | USB connections also come in five data transfer modes, in ascending order: Low Speed (1.0), Full Speed (1.0), High Speed (2.0), SuperSpeed (3.0), and SuperSpeed+ (3.1). High Speed is supported only by specifically designed USB 2.0 High Speed interfaces (that is, USB 2.0 controllers without the High Speed designation do... | USB connections come in what? | {
"answer_start": [
29
],
"text": [
"five data transfer modes"
]
} |
5727afbeff5b5019007d9299 | USB | USB connections also come in five data transfer modes, in ascending order: Low Speed (1.0), Full Speed (1.0), High Speed (2.0), SuperSpeed (3.0), and SuperSpeed+ (3.1). High Speed is supported only by specifically designed USB 2.0 High Speed interfaces (that is, USB 2.0 controllers without the High Speed designation do... | What is High Speed only supported by? | {
"answer_start": [
201
],
"text": [
"specifically designed USB 2.0 High Speed interfaces"
]
} |
5727afbeff5b5019007d929a | USB | USB connections also come in five data transfer modes, in ascending order: Low Speed (1.0), Full Speed (1.0), High Speed (2.0), SuperSpeed (3.0), and SuperSpeed+ (3.1). High Speed is supported only by specifically designed USB 2.0 High Speed interfaces (that is, USB 2.0 controllers without the High Speed designation do... | SuperSpeed is only supported by? | {
"answer_start": [
414
],
"text": [
"USB 3.0 and newer interfaces"
]
} |
5727b0ccff5b5019007d92a8 | USB | A group of seven companies began the development of USB in 1994: Compaq, DEC, IBM, Intel, Microsoft, NEC, and Nortel. The goal was to make it fundamentally easier to connect external devices to PCs by replacing the multitude of connectors at the back of PCs, addressing the usability issues of existing interfaces, and s... | When did the seven companies begin developing USB's? | {
"answer_start": [
59
],
"text": [
"1994"
]
} |
5727b0ccff5b5019007d92a9 | USB | A group of seven companies began the development of USB in 1994: Compaq, DEC, IBM, Intel, Microsoft, NEC, and Nortel. The goal was to make it fundamentally easier to connect external devices to PCs by replacing the multitude of connectors at the back of PCs, addressing the usability issues of existing interfaces, and s... | How many companies developed USB's? | {
"answer_start": [
11
],
"text": [
"seven"
]
} |
5727b0ccff5b5019007d92aa | USB | A group of seven companies began the development of USB in 1994: Compaq, DEC, IBM, Intel, Microsoft, NEC, and Nortel. The goal was to make it fundamentally easier to connect external devices to PCs by replacing the multitude of connectors at the back of PCs, addressing the usability issues of existing interfaces, and s... | What was the goal for USB's? | {
"answer_start": [
131
],
"text": [
"to make it fundamentally easier to connect external devices to PCs"
]
} |
5727b0ccff5b5019007d92ab | USB | A group of seven companies began the development of USB in 1994: Compaq, DEC, IBM, Intel, Microsoft, NEC, and Nortel. The goal was to make it fundamentally easier to connect external devices to PCs by replacing the multitude of connectors at the back of PCs, addressing the usability issues of existing interfaces, and s... | Who was included in a team that worked on the standard at Intel? | {
"answer_start": [
467
],
"text": [
"Ajay Bhatt"
]
} |
5727b2612ca10214002d9424 | USB | The original USB 1.0 specification, which was introduced in January 1996, defined data transfer rates of 1.5 Mbit/s "Low Speed" and 12 Mbit/s "Full Speed". Microsoft Windows 95, OSR 2.1 provided OEM support for the devices. The first widely used version of USB was 1.1, which was released in September 1998. The 12 Mbit/... | When was the original USB 1.0 Specification introduced? | {
"answer_start": [
60
],
"text": [
"January 1996"
]
} |
5727b2612ca10214002d9425 | USB | The original USB 1.0 specification, which was introduced in January 1996, defined data transfer rates of 1.5 Mbit/s "Low Speed" and 12 Mbit/s "Full Speed". Microsoft Windows 95, OSR 2.1 provided OEM support for the devices. The first widely used version of USB was 1.1, which was released in September 1998. The 12 Mbit/... | How fast was the slowest data transfer rate of the USB 1.0? | {
"answer_start": [
105
],
"text": [
"1.5 Mbit/s \"Low Speed\""
]
} |
5727b2612ca10214002d9426 | USB | The original USB 1.0 specification, which was introduced in January 1996, defined data transfer rates of 1.5 Mbit/s "Low Speed" and 12 Mbit/s "Full Speed". Microsoft Windows 95, OSR 2.1 provided OEM support for the devices. The first widely used version of USB was 1.1, which was released in September 1998. The 12 Mbit/... | What was the fastest data transfer rate of the USB 1.0? | {
"answer_start": [
132
],
"text": [
"12 Mbit/s \"Full Speed\""
]
} |
5727b2612ca10214002d9427 | USB | The original USB 1.0 specification, which was introduced in January 1996, defined data transfer rates of 1.5 Mbit/s "Low Speed" and 12 Mbit/s "Full Speed". Microsoft Windows 95, OSR 2.1 provided OEM support for the devices. The first widely used version of USB was 1.1, which was released in September 1998. The 12 Mbit/... | 1.1 was the first widely used version of what? | {
"answer_start": [
257
],
"text": [
"USB"
]
} |
5727b2612ca10214002d9428 | USB | The original USB 1.0 specification, which was introduced in January 1996, defined data transfer rates of 1.5 Mbit/s "Low Speed" and 12 Mbit/s "Full Speed". Microsoft Windows 95, OSR 2.1 provided OEM support for the devices. The first widely used version of USB was 1.1, which was released in September 1998. The 12 Mbit/... | When was the first widely used version of USB released? | {
"answer_start": [
292
],
"text": [
"September 1998"
]
} |
5727b3352ca10214002d9442 | USB | The new SuperSpeed bus provides a fourth transfer mode with a data signaling rate of 5.0 Gbit/s, in addition to the modes supported by earlier versions. The payload throughput is 4 Gbit/s[citation needed] (due to the overhead incurred by 8b/10b encoding), and the specification considers it reasonable to achieve around ... | What provides a fourth transfer mode? | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"The new SuperSpeed bus"
]
} |
5727b3352ca10214002d9443 | USB | The new SuperSpeed bus provides a fourth transfer mode with a data signaling rate of 5.0 Gbit/s, in addition to the modes supported by earlier versions. The payload throughput is 4 Gbit/s[citation needed] (due to the overhead incurred by 8b/10b encoding), and the specification considers it reasonable to achieve around ... | How fast is the new SuperSpeed bus data signaling rate? | {
"answer_start": [
85
],
"text": [
"5.0 Gbit/s"
]
} |
5727b3352ca10214002d9444 | USB | The new SuperSpeed bus provides a fourth transfer mode with a data signaling rate of 5.0 Gbit/s, in addition to the modes supported by earlier versions. The payload throughput is 4 Gbit/s[citation needed] (due to the overhead incurred by 8b/10b encoding), and the specification considers it reasonable to achieve around ... | What is full-duplex in SuperSpeed transfer mode? | {
"answer_start": [
408
],
"text": [
"Communication"
]
} |
5727b47e2ca10214002d9464 | USB | As with previous USB versions, USB 3.0 ports come in low-power and high-power variants, providing 150 mA and 900 mA respectively, while simultaneously transmitting data at SuperSpeed rates. Additionally, there is a Battery Charging Specification (Version 1.2 – December 2010), which increases the power handling capabili... | What are the power variants in USB 3.0 ports? | {
"answer_start": [
53
],
"text": [
"low-power and high-power"
]
} |
5727b47e2ca10214002d9465 | USB | As with previous USB versions, USB 3.0 ports come in low-power and high-power variants, providing 150 mA and 900 mA respectively, while simultaneously transmitting data at SuperSpeed rates. Additionally, there is a Battery Charging Specification (Version 1.2 – December 2010), which increases the power handling capabili... | What do the power variants provide? | {
"answer_start": [
98
],
"text": [
"150 mA and 900 mA respectively"
]
} |
5727b47e2ca10214002d9466 | USB | As with previous USB versions, USB 3.0 ports come in low-power and high-power variants, providing 150 mA and 900 mA respectively, while simultaneously transmitting data at SuperSpeed rates. Additionally, there is a Battery Charging Specification (Version 1.2 – December 2010), which increases the power handling capabili... | What does the Battery Charging Specification do? | {
"answer_start": [
283
],
"text": [
"increases the power handling capability to 1.5 A"
]
} |
5727b47e2ca10214002d9467 | USB | As with previous USB versions, USB 3.0 ports come in low-power and high-power variants, providing 150 mA and 900 mA respectively, while simultaneously transmitting data at SuperSpeed rates. Additionally, there is a Battery Charging Specification (Version 1.2 – December 2010), which increases the power handling capabili... | What is a downfall of the Battery Charging Specification? | {
"answer_start": [
336
],
"text": [
"does not allow concurrent data transmission"
]
} |
5727b6a42ca10214002d949c | USB | A January 2013 press release from the USB group revealed plans to update USB 3.0 to 10 Gbit/s. The group ended up creating a new USB version, USB 3.1, which was released on 31 July 2013, introducing a faster transfer mode called SuperSpeed USB 10 Gbit/s, putting it on par with a single first-generation Thunderbolt chan... | When were the plans to update USB 3.0 to 10 Gbit/s revealed? | {
"answer_start": [
2
],
"text": [
"January 2013"
]
} |
5727b6a42ca10214002d949d | USB | A January 2013 press release from the USB group revealed plans to update USB 3.0 to 10 Gbit/s. The group ended up creating a new USB version, USB 3.1, which was released on 31 July 2013, introducing a faster transfer mode called SuperSpeed USB 10 Gbit/s, putting it on par with a single first-generation Thunderbolt chan... | What actually happened whenever USB 3.0 was updated? | {
"answer_start": [
95
],
"text": [
"The group ended up creating a new USB version"
]
} |
5727b6a42ca10214002d949e | USB | A January 2013 press release from the USB group revealed plans to update USB 3.0 to 10 Gbit/s. The group ended up creating a new USB version, USB 3.1, which was released on 31 July 2013, introducing a faster transfer mode called SuperSpeed USB 10 Gbit/s, putting it on par with a single first-generation Thunderbolt chan... | When was USB 3.1 released? | {
"answer_start": [
173
],
"text": [
"31 July 2013"
]
} |
5727b6a42ca10214002d949f | USB | A January 2013 press release from the USB group revealed plans to update USB 3.0 to 10 Gbit/s. The group ended up creating a new USB version, USB 3.1, which was released on 31 July 2013, introducing a faster transfer mode called SuperSpeed USB 10 Gbit/s, putting it on par with a single first-generation Thunderbolt chan... | What does the USB 3.1 standard increase? | {
"answer_start": [
436
],
"text": [
"the data signaling rate to 10 Gbit/s in the USB 3.1 Gen2 mode"
]
} |
5727b7a1ff5b5019007d9348 | USB | Developed at roughly the same time as the USB 3.1 specification, but distinct from it, the USB Type-C Specification 1.0 was finalized in August 2014 and defines a new small reversible-plug connector for USB devices. The Type-C plug connects to both hosts and devices, replacing various Type-A and Type-B connectors and c... | When was the Type-C Specification 1.0 finalized? | {
"answer_start": [
137
],
"text": [
"August 2014"
]
} |
5727b7a1ff5b5019007d9349 | USB | Developed at roughly the same time as the USB 3.1 specification, but distinct from it, the USB Type-C Specification 1.0 was finalized in August 2014 and defines a new small reversible-plug connector for USB devices. The Type-C plug connects to both hosts and devices, replacing various Type-A and Type-B connectors and c... | What defined a new reversible-plug connector for USB devices? | {
"answer_start": [
91
],
"text": [
"USB Type-C Specification 1.0"
]
} |
5727b7a1ff5b5019007d934a | USB | Developed at roughly the same time as the USB 3.1 specification, but distinct from it, the USB Type-C Specification 1.0 was finalized in August 2014 and defines a new small reversible-plug connector for USB devices. The Type-C plug connects to both hosts and devices, replacing various Type-A and Type-B connectors and c... | What does Type-C connect to? | {
"answer_start": [
244
],
"text": [
"both hosts and devices"
]
} |
5727b7a1ff5b5019007d934b | USB | Developed at roughly the same time as the USB 3.1 specification, but distinct from it, the USB Type-C Specification 1.0 was finalized in August 2014 and defines a new small reversible-plug connector for USB devices. The Type-C plug connects to both hosts and devices, replacing various Type-A and Type-B connectors and c... | What connector provides four power/ground pairs? | {
"answer_start": [
412
],
"text": [
"The 24-pin double-sided connector"
]
} |
5727bb19ff5b5019007d9397 | USB | Full-featured USB Type-C cables are active, electronically marked cables that contain a chip with an ID function based on the configuration data channel and vendor-defined messages (VDMs) from the USB Power Delivery 2.0 specification. USB Type-C devices also support power currents of 1.5 A and 3.0 A over the 5 V power ... | Electronically marked cables have a chip that contains what? | {
"answer_start": [
98
],
"text": [
"an ID function based on the configuration data channel and vendor-defined messages"
]
} |
5727bb19ff5b5019007d9396 | USB | Full-featured USB Type-C cables are active, electronically marked cables that contain a chip with an ID function based on the configuration data channel and vendor-defined messages (VDMs) from the USB Power Delivery 2.0 specification. USB Type-C devices also support power currents of 1.5 A and 3.0 A over the 5 V power ... | What kind of cables does the fully featured USB Type-C contain? | {
"answer_start": [
36
],
"text": [
"active, electronically marked cables"
]
} |
5727bb19ff5b5019007d9398 | USB | Full-featured USB Type-C cables are active, electronically marked cables that contain a chip with an ID function based on the configuration data channel and vendor-defined messages (VDMs) from the USB Power Delivery 2.0 specification. USB Type-C devices also support power currents of 1.5 A and 3.0 A over the 5 V power ... | What is the shortened version of vendor-defined messages? | {
"answer_start": [
181
],
"text": [
"(VDMs)"
]
} |
5727bba54b864d1900163bd6 | USB | The design architecture of USB is asymmetrical in its topology, consisting of a host, a multitude of downstream USB ports, and multiple peripheral devices connected in a tiered-star topology. Additional USB hubs may be included in the tiers, allowing branching into a tree structure with up to five tier levels. A USB ho... | The design of USB is asymmetrical in what? | {
"answer_start": [
50
],
"text": [
"its topology"
]
} |
5727bba54b864d1900163bd7 | USB | The design architecture of USB is asymmetrical in its topology, consisting of a host, a multitude of downstream USB ports, and multiple peripheral devices connected in a tiered-star topology. Additional USB hubs may be included in the tiers, allowing branching into a tree structure with up to five tier levels. A USB ho... | How many devices may be connected to a host controller? | {
"answer_start": [
429
],
"text": [
"127 devices"
]
} |
5727bba54b864d1900163bd8 | USB | The design architecture of USB is asymmetrical in its topology, consisting of a host, a multitude of downstream USB ports, and multiple peripheral devices connected in a tiered-star topology. Additional USB hubs may be included in the tiers, allowing branching into a tree structure with up to five tier levels. A USB ho... | How are USB devices linked? | {
"answer_start": [
545
],
"text": [
"in series through hubs"
]
} |
5727bba54b864d1900163bd9 | USB | The design architecture of USB is asymmetrical in its topology, consisting of a host, a multitude of downstream USB ports, and multiple peripheral devices connected in a tiered-star topology. Additional USB hubs may be included in the tiers, allowing branching into a tree structure with up to five tier levels. A USB ho... | What HUB is built into the host controller? | {
"answer_start": [
611
],
"text": [
"the root hub"
]
} |
5727bdeeff5b5019007d93f2 | USB | The design architecture of USB is asymmetrical in its topology, consisting of a host, a multitude of downstream USB ports, and multiple peripheral devices connected in a tiered-star topology. Additional USB hubs may be included in the tiers, allowing branching into a tree structure with up to five tier levels. A USB ho... | The design of the USB is asymmetrical in its what? | {
"answer_start": [
54
],
"text": [
"topology"
]
} |
5727bdeeff5b5019007d93f3 | USB | The design architecture of USB is asymmetrical in its topology, consisting of a host, a multitude of downstream USB ports, and multiple peripheral devices connected in a tiered-star topology. Additional USB hubs may be included in the tiers, allowing branching into a tree structure with up to five tier levels. A USB ho... | How many devices can be connected to a host controller? | {
"answer_start": [
423
],
"text": [
"Up to 127 devices"
]
} |
5727bdeeff5b5019007d93f4 | USB | The design architecture of USB is asymmetrical in its topology, consisting of a host, a multitude of downstream USB ports, and multiple peripheral devices connected in a tiered-star topology. Additional USB hubs may be included in the tiers, allowing branching into a tree structure with up to five tier levels. A USB ho... | What hub is built into the host controller? | {
"answer_start": [
611
],
"text": [
"the root hub"
]
} |
5727bdeeff5b5019007d93f5 | USB | The design architecture of USB is asymmetrical in its topology, consisting of a host, a multitude of downstream USB ports, and multiple peripheral devices connected in a tiered-star topology. Additional USB hubs may be included in the tiers, allowing branching into a tree structure with up to five tier levels. A USB ho... | A USB host may implement how many host controllers? | {
"answer_start": [
337
],
"text": [
"multiple"
]
} |
5727bdeeff5b5019007d93f6 | USB | The design architecture of USB is asymmetrical in its topology, consisting of a host, a multitude of downstream USB ports, and multiple peripheral devices connected in a tiered-star topology. Additional USB hubs may be included in the tiers, allowing branching into a tree structure with up to five tier levels. A USB ho... | How many USB ports may a host controller provide? | {
"answer_start": [
400
],
"text": [
"one or more USB ports"
]
} |
5727bf494b864d1900163c60 | USB | A physical USB device may consist of several logical sub-devices that are referred to as device functions. A single device may provide several functions, for example, a webcam (video device function) with a built-in microphone (audio device function). This kind of device is called a composite device. An alternative to ... | What are logical sub-devices referred to as? | {
"answer_start": [
89
],
"text": [
"device functions"
]
} |
5727bf494b864d1900163c61 | USB | A physical USB device may consist of several logical sub-devices that are referred to as device functions. A single device may provide several functions, for example, a webcam (video device function) with a built-in microphone (audio device function). This kind of device is called a composite device. An alternative to ... | A single device can provide an audio device function such as? | {
"answer_start": [
207
],
"text": [
"built-in microphone"
]
} |
5727bf494b864d1900163c62 | USB | A physical USB device may consist of several logical sub-devices that are referred to as device functions. A single device may provide several functions, for example, a webcam (video device function) with a built-in microphone (audio device function). This kind of device is called a composite device. An alternative to ... | A single device can provide a video device function such as? | {
"answer_start": [
167
],
"text": [
"a webcam"
]
} |
5727c090ff5b5019007d9466 | USB | USB device communication is based on pipes (logical channels). A pipe is a connection from the host controller to a logical entity, found on a device, and named an endpoint. Because pipes correspond 1-to-1 to endpoints, the terms are sometimes used interchangeably. A USB device could have up to 32 endpoints (16 IN, 16 ... | What is a pipe? | {
"answer_start": [
73
],
"text": [
"a connection from the host controller to a logical entity"
]
} |
5727c090ff5b5019007d9467 | USB | USB device communication is based on pipes (logical channels). A pipe is a connection from the host controller to a logical entity, found on a device, and named an endpoint. Because pipes correspond 1-to-1 to endpoints, the terms are sometimes used interchangeably. A USB device could have up to 32 endpoints (16 IN, 16 ... | A USB connection is based on what? | {
"answer_start": [
37
],
"text": [
"pipes (logical channels)"
]
} |
5727c090ff5b5019007d9468 | USB | USB device communication is based on pipes (logical channels). A pipe is a connection from the host controller to a logical entity, found on a device, and named an endpoint. Because pipes correspond 1-to-1 to endpoints, the terms are sometimes used interchangeably. A USB device could have up to 32 endpoints (16 IN, 16 ... | What is a pipe named at? | {
"answer_start": [
161
],
"text": [
"an endpoint"
]
} |
5727c090ff5b5019007d9469 | USB | USB device communication is based on pipes (logical channels). A pipe is a connection from the host controller to a logical entity, found on a device, and named an endpoint. Because pipes correspond 1-to-1 to endpoints, the terms are sometimes used interchangeably. A USB device could have up to 32 endpoints (16 IN, 16 ... | Where do pipes correspond? | {
"answer_start": [
199
],
"text": [
"1-to-1 to endpoints"
]
} |
5727c090ff5b5019007d946a | USB | USB device communication is based on pipes (logical channels). A pipe is a connection from the host controller to a logical entity, found on a device, and named an endpoint. Because pipes correspond 1-to-1 to endpoints, the terms are sometimes used interchangeably. A USB device could have up to 32 endpoints (16 IN, 16 ... | How many endpoints can a USB device have? | {
"answer_start": [
290
],
"text": [
"up to 32 endpoints"
]
} |
5727c2da2ca10214002d95aa | USB | An endpoint of a pipe is addressable with a tuple (device_address, endpoint_number) as specified in a TOKEN packet that the host sends when it wants to start a data transfer session. If the direction of the data transfer is from the host to the endpoint, an OUT packet (a specialization of a TOKEN packet) having the des... | If the direction of the data transfer is from the device to the host, what does the host send? | {
"answer_start": [
451
],
"text": [
"the host sends an IN packet"
]
} |
5727c2da2ca10214002d95ab | USB | An endpoint of a pipe is addressable with a tuple (device_address, endpoint_number) as specified in a TOKEN packet that the host sends when it wants to start a data transfer session. If the direction of the data transfer is from the host to the endpoint, an OUT packet (a specialization of a TOKEN packet) having the des... | What does a bi-directional endpoint accept? | {
"answer_start": [
859
],
"text": [
"both IN and OUT packets"
]
} |
5727c2da2ca10214002d95ac | USB | An endpoint of a pipe is addressable with a tuple (device_address, endpoint_number) as specified in a TOKEN packet that the host sends when it wants to start a data transfer session. If the direction of the data transfer is from the host to the endpoint, an OUT packet (a specialization of a TOKEN packet) having the des... | What is sent if the direction of the data transfer is from host to endpoint? | {
"answer_start": [
255
],
"text": [
"an OUT packet"
]
} |
5727c3aa4b864d1900163cb8 | USB | When a USB device is first connected to a USB host, the USB device enumeration process is started. The enumeration starts by sending a reset signal to the USB device. The data rate of the USB device is determined during the reset signaling. After reset, the USB device's information is read by the host and the device is... | What is started when a USB is first connected to a host? | {
"answer_start": [
67
],
"text": [
"enumeration process"
]
} |
5727c3aa4b864d1900163cba | USB | When a USB device is first connected to a USB host, the USB device enumeration process is started. The enumeration starts by sending a reset signal to the USB device. The data rate of the USB device is determined during the reset signaling. After reset, the USB device's information is read by the host and the device is... | What id the data rate determined during? | {
"answer_start": [
220
],
"text": [
"the reset signaling"
]
} |
5727c3aa4b864d1900163cbb | USB | When a USB device is first connected to a USB host, the USB device enumeration process is started. The enumeration starts by sending a reset signal to the USB device. The data rate of the USB device is determined during the reset signaling. After reset, the USB device's information is read by the host and the device is... | When is the device assigned a unique 7-bit address? | {
"answer_start": [
241
],
"text": [
"After reset"
]
} |
5727c3aa4b864d1900163cb9 | USB | When a USB device is first connected to a USB host, the USB device enumeration process is started. The enumeration starts by sending a reset signal to the USB device. The data rate of the USB device is determined during the reset signaling. After reset, the USB device's information is read by the host and the device is... | What does the enumeration process start by doing? | {
"answer_start": [
125
],
"text": [
"sending a reset signal to the USB device"
]
} |
5727c3aa4b864d1900163cbc | USB | When a USB device is first connected to a USB host, the USB device enumeration process is started. The enumeration starts by sending a reset signal to the USB device. The data rate of the USB device is determined during the reset signaling. After reset, the USB device's information is read by the host and the device is... | What happens whenever a USB host is restarted? | {
"answer_start": [
540
],
"text": [
"the enumeration process is repeated for all connected devices."
]
} |
5727c707ff5b5019007d94ea | USB | High-speed USB 2.0 hubs contain devices called transaction translators that convert between high-speed USB 2.0 buses and full and low speed buses. When a high-speed USB 2.0 hub is plugged into a high-speed USB host or hub, it operates in high-speed mode. The USB hub then uses either one transaction translator per hub t... | What do transaction translators do? | {
"answer_start": [
76
],
"text": [
"convert between high-speed USB 2.0 buses and full and low speed buses"
]
} |
5727c707ff5b5019007d94eb | USB | High-speed USB 2.0 hubs contain devices called transaction translators that convert between high-speed USB 2.0 buses and full and low speed buses. When a high-speed USB 2.0 hub is plugged into a high-speed USB host or hub, it operates in high-speed mode. The USB hub then uses either one transaction translator per hub t... | When does a USB 2.0 hub operate in high speed mode? | {
"answer_start": [
147
],
"text": [
"When a high-speed USB 2.0 hub is plugged into a high-speed USB host or hub"
]
} |
5727c707ff5b5019007d94ec | USB | High-speed USB 2.0 hubs contain devices called transaction translators that convert between high-speed USB 2.0 buses and full and low speed buses. When a high-speed USB 2.0 hub is plugged into a high-speed USB host or hub, it operates in high-speed mode. The USB hub then uses either one transaction translator per hub t... | What kind of devices do High speed USB 2.0's contain? | {
"answer_start": [
47
],
"text": [
"transaction translators"
]
} |
5727c7f5ff5b5019007d9518 | USB | USB implements connections to storage devices using a set of standards called the USB mass storage device class (MSC or UMS). This was at first intended for traditional magnetic and optical drives and has been extended to support flash drives. It has also been extended to support a wide variety of novel devices as many... | What do USB's implement connections to? | {
"answer_start": [
30
],
"text": [
"storage devices"
]
} |
5727c7f5ff5b5019007d9519 | USB | USB implements connections to storage devices using a set of standards called the USB mass storage device class (MSC or UMS). This was at first intended for traditional magnetic and optical drives and has been extended to support flash drives. It has also been extended to support a wide variety of novel devices as many... | What are the standards called that implement connections to storage devices? | {
"answer_start": [
78
],
"text": [
"the USB mass storage device class (MSC or UMS)"
]
} |
5727c7f5ff5b5019007d951a | USB | USB implements connections to storage devices using a set of standards called the USB mass storage device class (MSC or UMS). This was at first intended for traditional magnetic and optical drives and has been extended to support flash drives. It has also been extended to support a wide variety of novel devices as many... | What is the process of making a novel device look like a familiar device? | {
"answer_start": [
497
],
"text": [
"extension"
]
} |
5727c7f5ff5b5019007d951b | USB | USB implements connections to storage devices using a set of standards called the USB mass storage device class (MSC or UMS). This was at first intended for traditional magnetic and optical drives and has been extended to support flash drives. It has also been extended to support a wide variety of novel devices as many... | Why is the ability to boot write-locked SD cards with a USB adapter advantageous for? | {
"answer_start": [
603
],
"text": [
"maintaining the integrity and non-corruptible, pristine state of the booting medium."
]
} |
5727c8a0ff5b5019007d9542 | USB | Though most computers since mid-2004 can boot from USB mass storage devices, USB is not intended as a primary bus for a computer's internal storage. Buses such as Parallel ATA (PATA or IDE), Serial ATA (SATA), or SCSI fulfill that role in PC class computers. However, USB has one important advantage, in that it is possi... | Since when can most computers boot from USB mass storage devices? | {
"answer_start": [
22
],
"text": [
"since mid-2004"
]
} |
5727c8a0ff5b5019007d9543 | USB | Though most computers since mid-2004 can boot from USB mass storage devices, USB is not intended as a primary bus for a computer's internal storage. Buses such as Parallel ATA (PATA or IDE), Serial ATA (SATA), or SCSI fulfill that role in PC class computers. However, USB has one important advantage, in that it is possi... | What is USB not intended for? | {
"answer_start": [
100
],
"text": [
"a primary bus for a computer's internal storage"
]
} |
5727c8a0ff5b5019007d9544 | USB | Though most computers since mid-2004 can boot from USB mass storage devices, USB is not intended as a primary bus for a computer's internal storage. Buses such as Parallel ATA (PATA or IDE), Serial ATA (SATA), or SCSI fulfill that role in PC class computers. However, USB has one important advantage, in that it is possi... | What is an important advantage of USB? | {
"answer_start": [
309
],
"text": [
"it is possible to install and remove devices without rebooting the computer"
]
} |
5727c8a0ff5b5019007d9545 | USB | Though most computers since mid-2004 can boot from USB mass storage devices, USB is not intended as a primary bus for a computer's internal storage. Buses such as Parallel ATA (PATA or IDE), Serial ATA (SATA), or SCSI fulfill that role in PC class computers. However, USB has one important advantage, in that it is possi... | Buses such as Parallel ATA fulfill what role in PC computers? | {
"answer_start": [
118
],
"text": [
"a computer's internal storage"
]
} |
5727c9722ca10214002d9632 | USB | Firstly conceived and still used today for optical storage devices (CD-RW drives, DVD drives, etc.), several manufacturers offer external portable USB hard disk drives, or empty enclosures for disk drives. These offer performance comparable to internal drives, limited by the current number and types of attached USB dev... | Several manufacturers offer what? | {
"answer_start": [
129
],
"text": [
"external portable USB hard disk drives"
]
} |
5727c9722ca10214002d9633 | USB | Firstly conceived and still used today for optical storage devices (CD-RW drives, DVD drives, etc.), several manufacturers offer external portable USB hard disk drives, or empty enclosures for disk drives. These offer performance comparable to internal drives, limited by the current number and types of attached USB dev... | What do external portable USB hard drive disks offer? | {
"answer_start": [
218
],
"text": [
"performance comparable to internal drives"
]
} |
5727c9722ca10214002d9634 | USB | Firstly conceived and still used today for optical storage devices (CD-RW drives, DVD drives, etc.), several manufacturers offer external portable USB hard disk drives, or empty enclosures for disk drives. These offer performance comparable to internal drives, limited by the current number and types of attached USB dev... | What is the most recent standard for external drive connectivity? | {
"answer_start": [
784
],
"text": [
"Thunderbolt"
]
} |
5727c9722ca10214002d9635 | USB | Firstly conceived and still used today for optical storage devices (CD-RW drives, DVD drives, etc.), several manufacturers offer external portable USB hard disk drives, or empty enclosures for disk drives. These offer performance comparable to internal drives, limited by the current number and types of attached USB dev... | What do the external drives typically include? | {
"answer_start": [
496
],
"text": [
"a \"translating device\""
]
} |
5727caa02ca10214002d965e | USB | Media Transfer Protocol (MTP) was designed by Microsoft to give higher-level access to a device's filesystem than USB mass storage, at the level of files rather than disk blocks. It also has optional DRM features. MTP was designed for use with portable media players, but it has since been adopted as the primary storage... | Media Transfer Protocol was designed by who? | {
"answer_start": [
46
],
"text": [
"Microsoft"
]
} |
5727caa02ca10214002d965f | USB | Media Transfer Protocol (MTP) was designed by Microsoft to give higher-level access to a device's filesystem than USB mass storage, at the level of files rather than disk blocks. It also has optional DRM features. MTP was designed for use with portable media players, but it has since been adopted as the primary storage... | Why was Media Transfer Protocol designed? | {
"answer_start": [
56
],
"text": [
"to give higher-level access to a device's filesystem"
]
} |
5727caa02ca10214002d9660 | USB | Media Transfer Protocol (MTP) was designed by Microsoft to give higher-level access to a device's filesystem than USB mass storage, at the level of files rather than disk blocks. It also has optional DRM features. MTP was designed for use with portable media players, but it has since been adopted as the primary storage... | What was MTP originally designed for? | {
"answer_start": [
235
],
"text": [
"use with portable media players"
]
} |
5727caa02ca10214002d9661 | USB | Media Transfer Protocol (MTP) was designed by Microsoft to give higher-level access to a device's filesystem than USB mass storage, at the level of files rather than disk blocks. It also has optional DRM features. MTP was designed for use with portable media players, but it has since been adopted as the primary storage... | Why has MTP become the primary storage access protocol of the Android operating system? | {
"answer_start": [
548
],
"text": [
"MTP does not require exclusive access to the storage device the way UMS does"
]
} |
5727d0e74b864d1900163dca | USB | USB mice and keyboards can usually be used with older computers that have PS/2 connectors with the aid of a small USB-to-PS/2 adapter. For mice and keyboards with dual-protocol support, an adaptor that contains no logic circuitry may be used: the hardware in the USB keyboard or mouse is designed to detect whether it is... | What do older computers have to have in order for USB mice and keyboards to be used? | {
"answer_start": [
74
],
"text": [
"PS/2 connectors with the aid of a small USB-to-PS/2 adapter"
]
} |
5727d0e74b864d1900163dcb | USB | USB mice and keyboards can usually be used with older computers that have PS/2 connectors with the aid of a small USB-to-PS/2 adapter. For mice and keyboards with dual-protocol support, an adaptor that contains no logic circuitry may be used: the hardware in the USB keyboard or mouse is designed to detect whether it is... | What is the hardware designed to detect in USB mice and keyboards? | {
"answer_start": [
307
],
"text": [
"whether it is connected to a USB or PS/2 port"
]
} |
5727d0e74b864d1900163dcc | USB | USB mice and keyboards can usually be used with older computers that have PS/2 connectors with the aid of a small USB-to-PS/2 adapter. For mice and keyboards with dual-protocol support, an adaptor that contains no logic circuitry may be used: the hardware in the USB keyboard or mouse is designed to detect whether it is... | USB keyboards and mice may communicate using what? | {
"answer_start": [
380
],
"text": [
"appropriate protocol"
]
} |
5727d0e74b864d1900163dcd | USB | USB mice and keyboards can usually be used with older computers that have PS/2 connectors with the aid of a small USB-to-PS/2 adapter. For mice and keyboards with dual-protocol support, an adaptor that contains no logic circuitry may be used: the hardware in the USB keyboard or mouse is designed to detect whether it is... | What connects PS/2 keyboards and mice to a USB port? | {
"answer_start": [
402
],
"text": [
"Converters"
]
} |
5727d0e74b864d1900163dce | USB | USB mice and keyboards can usually be used with older computers that have PS/2 connectors with the aid of a small USB-to-PS/2 adapter. For mice and keyboards with dual-protocol support, an adaptor that contains no logic circuitry may be used: the hardware in the USB keyboard or mouse is designed to detect whether it is... | What performs bidirectional data translation between two standards? | {
"answer_start": [
560
],
"text": [
"a microcontroller"
]
} |
5727d2173acd2414000ded4f | USB | By design, it is difficult to insert a USB plug into its receptacle incorrectly. The USB specification states that the required USB icon must be embossed on the "topside" of the USB plug, which "...provides easy user recognition and facilitates alignment during the mating process." The specification also shows that the... | What is difficult to do with a USB plug? | {
"answer_start": [
27
],
"text": [
"to insert a USB plug into its receptacle incorrectly"
]
} |
5727d2173acd2414000ded50 | USB | By design, it is difficult to insert a USB plug into its receptacle incorrectly. The USB specification states that the required USB icon must be embossed on the "topside" of the USB plug, which "...provides easy user recognition and facilitates alignment during the mating process." The specification also shows that the... | The USB specification states that the required USB icon must be what? | {
"answer_start": [
145
],
"text": [
"embossed on the \"topside\" of the USB plug"
]
} |
5727d2173acd2414000ded51 | USB | By design, it is difficult to insert a USB plug into its receptacle incorrectly. The USB specification states that the required USB icon must be embossed on the "topside" of the USB plug, which "...provides easy user recognition and facilitates alignment during the mating process." The specification also shows that the... | How is the USB icon located to each receptacle? | {
"answer_start": [
520
],
"text": [
"adjacent"
]
} |
5727d2173acd2414000ded52 | USB | By design, it is difficult to insert a USB plug into its receptacle incorrectly. The USB specification states that the required USB icon must be embossed on the "topside" of the USB plug, which "...provides easy user recognition and facilitates alignment during the mating process." The specification also shows that the... | Receptacles should be oriented to allow the icon on the plug to what? | {
"answer_start": [
610
],
"text": [
"to be visible during the mating process"
]
} |
5727d4e63acd2414000ded8f | USB | The standard connectors were deliberately intended to enforce the directed topology of a USB network: Type-A receptacles on host devices that supply power and Type-B receptacles on target devices that draw power. This prevents users from accidentally connecting two USB power supplies to each other, which could lead to ... | What do Type-A receptacles do on host devices? | {
"answer_start": [
142
],
"text": [
"supply power"
]
} |
5727d4e63acd2414000ded90 | USB | The standard connectors were deliberately intended to enforce the directed topology of a USB network: Type-A receptacles on host devices that supply power and Type-B receptacles on target devices that draw power. This prevents users from accidentally connecting two USB power supplies to each other, which could lead to ... | What do Type-b receptacles do on target devices? | {
"answer_start": [
201
],
"text": [
"draw power"
]
} |
5727d4e63acd2414000ded91 | USB | The standard connectors were deliberately intended to enforce the directed topology of a USB network: Type-A receptacles on host devices that supply power and Type-B receptacles on target devices that draw power. This prevents users from accidentally connecting two USB power supplies to each other, which could lead to ... | What do the receptacles prevent user from doing? | {
"answer_start": [
233
],
"text": [
"from accidentally connecting two USB power supplies to each other"
]
} |
5727d4e63acd2414000ded92 | USB | The standard connectors were deliberately intended to enforce the directed topology of a USB network: Type-A receptacles on host devices that supply power and Type-B receptacles on target devices that draw power. This prevents users from accidentally connecting two USB power supplies to each other, which could lead to ... | What networks do USB not support? | {
"answer_start": [
419
],
"text": [
"cyclic networks"
]
} |
5727d5c02ca10214002d97a2 | USB | The standard connectors were designed to be robust. Because USB is hot-pluggable, the connectors would be used more frequently, and perhaps with less care, than other connectors. Many previous connector designs were fragile, specifying embedded component pins or other delicate parts that were vulnerable to bending or b... | Standard connectors were designed to be what? | {
"answer_start": [
44
],
"text": [
"robust"
]
} |
5727d5c02ca10214002d97a3 | USB | The standard connectors were designed to be robust. Because USB is hot-pluggable, the connectors would be used more frequently, and perhaps with less care, than other connectors. Many previous connector designs were fragile, specifying embedded component pins or other delicate parts that were vulnerable to bending or b... | Why were standard connectors designed to be so robust? | {
"answer_start": [
82
],
"text": [
"the connectors would be used more frequently"
]
} |
5727d5c02ca10214002d97a4 | USB | The standard connectors were designed to be robust. Because USB is hot-pluggable, the connectors would be used more frequently, and perhaps with less care, than other connectors. Many previous connector designs were fragile, specifying embedded component pins or other delicate parts that were vulnerable to bending or b... | What as a drawback of previous connectors? | {
"answer_start": [
179
],
"text": [
"Many previous connector designs were fragile"
]
} |
5727d5c02ca10214002d97a5 | USB | The standard connectors were designed to be robust. Because USB is hot-pluggable, the connectors would be used more frequently, and perhaps with less care, than other connectors. Many previous connector designs were fragile, specifying embedded component pins or other delicate parts that were vulnerable to bending or b... | How are the electrical contents of a USB connector protected? | {
"answer_start": [
386
],
"text": [
"by an adjacent plastic tongue"
]
} |
5727d5c02ca10214002d97a6 | USB | The standard connectors were designed to be robust. Because USB is hot-pluggable, the connectors would be used more frequently, and perhaps with less care, than other connectors. Many previous connector designs were fragile, specifying embedded component pins or other delicate parts that were vulnerable to bending or b... | How is the entire connecting assembly of a USB connector protected? | {
"answer_start": [
473
],
"text": [
"by an enclosing metal sheath"
]
} |
5727d9003acd2414000dedfd | USB | The connector construction always ensures that the external sheath on the plug makes contact with its counterpart in the receptacle before any of the four connectors within make electrical contact. The external metallic sheath is typically connected to system ground, thus dissipating damaging static charges. This enclo... | Where is the external metallic sheet connected? | {
"answer_start": [
230
],
"text": [
"typically connected to system ground"
]
} |
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