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572fb178a23a5019007fc8af
Greeks
The ethnogenesis of the Greek nation is linked to the development of Pan-Hellenism in the 8th century BC. According to some scholars, the foundational event was the Olympic Games in 776 BC, when the idea of a common Hellenism among the Greek tribes was first translated into a shared cultural experience and Hellenism wa...
What famous spiritual guide and God was a devotional temple made to in the 8th century ?
{ "answer_start": [ 546 ], "text": [ "Oracle of Apollo at Delphi" ] }
572fb308b2c2fd1400568377
Greeks
The classical period of Greek civilization covers a time spanning from the early 5th century BC to the death of Alexander the Great, in 323 BC (some authors prefer to split this period into 'Classical', from the end of the Persian wars to the end of the Peloponnesian War, and 'Fourth Century', up to the death of Alexan...
The time span that is counted as the classical for the Greeks is from eras ?
{ "answer_start": [ 4 ], "text": [ "classical period of Greek civilization covers a time spanning from the early 5th century BC to the death of Alexander the Great, in 323 BC" ] }
572fb308b2c2fd1400568379
Greeks
The classical period of Greek civilization covers a time spanning from the early 5th century BC to the death of Alexander the Great, in 323 BC (some authors prefer to split this period into 'Classical', from the end of the Persian wars to the end of the Peloponnesian War, and 'Fourth Century', up to the death of Alexan...
What is so well known about this period ?
{ "answer_start": [ 326 ], "text": [ "It is so named because it set the standards by which Greek civilization would be judged in later eras" ] }
572fb308b2c2fd1400568378
Greeks
The classical period of Greek civilization covers a time spanning from the early 5th century BC to the death of Alexander the Great, in 323 BC (some authors prefer to split this period into 'Classical', from the end of the Persian wars to the end of the Peloponnesian War, and 'Fourth Century', up to the death of Alexan...
Are there some discrepancies among scholars for the distinction of the period ?
{ "answer_start": [ 173 ], "text": [ "this period into 'Classical', from the end of the Persian wars to the end of the Peloponnesian War, and 'Fourth Century', up to the death of Alexander" ] }
572fb308b2c2fd140056837a
Greeks
The classical period of Greek civilization covers a time spanning from the early 5th century BC to the death of Alexander the Great, in 323 BC (some authors prefer to split this period into 'Classical', from the end of the Persian wars to the end of the Peloponnesian War, and 'Fourth Century', up to the death of Alexan...
What shiny other name is this time also called ?
{ "answer_start": [ 429 ], "text": [ "The Classical period is also described as the \"Golden Age\" of Greek civilization" ] }
572fb308b2c2fd140056837b
Greeks
The classical period of Greek civilization covers a time spanning from the early 5th century BC to the death of Alexander the Great, in 323 BC (some authors prefer to split this period into 'Classical', from the end of the Persian wars to the end of the Peloponnesian War, and 'Fourth Century', up to the death of Alexan...
What did the Greeks do that made it possible for the expansion and growth of the opposite of the Eastern Civilization ?
{ "answer_start": [ 497 ], "text": [ "civilization, and its art, philosophy, architecture and literature would be instrumental in the formation and development of Western culture." ] }
572fb550a23a5019007fc8d1
Greeks
In any case, Alexander's toppling of the Achaemenid Empire, after his victories at the battles of the Granicus, Issus and Gaugamela, and his advance as far as modern-day Pakistan and Tajikistan, provided an important outlet for Greek culture, via the creation of colonies and trade routes along the way. While the Alexan...
What Macedonian ruler helped to advance Greek beliefs and ways of life ?
{ "answer_start": [ 13 ], "text": [ "Alexander" ] }
572fb550a23a5019007fc8d2
Greeks
In any case, Alexander's toppling of the Achaemenid Empire, after his victories at the battles of the Granicus, Issus and Gaugamela, and his advance as far as modern-day Pakistan and Tajikistan, provided an important outlet for Greek culture, via the creation of colonies and trade routes along the way. While the Alexan...
How was this achievement of advancing culture undertaken ?
{ "answer_start": [ 195 ], "text": [ "provided an important outlet for Greek culture, via the creation of colonies and trade routes along the way" ] }
572fb550a23a5019007fc8d3
Greeks
In any case, Alexander's toppling of the Achaemenid Empire, after his victories at the battles of the Granicus, Issus and Gaugamela, and his advance as far as modern-day Pakistan and Tajikistan, provided an important outlet for Greek culture, via the creation of colonies and trade routes along the way. While the Alexan...
What types of cities did the expansion of the great ruler inspire ?
{ "answer_start": [ 597 ], "text": [ "Hellenistic cities" ] }
572fb550a23a5019007fc8d4
Greeks
In any case, Alexander's toppling of the Achaemenid Empire, after his victories at the battles of the Granicus, Issus and Gaugamela, and his advance as far as modern-day Pakistan and Tajikistan, provided an important outlet for Greek culture, via the creation of colonies and trade routes along the way. While the Alexan...
Are any relatives of the first people of the Grecian world still around ?
{ "answer_start": [ 681 ], "text": [ "there are still communities in Pakistan and Afghanistan, like the Kalash, who claim to be descended from Greek settlers." ] }
572fb550a23a5019007fc8d5
Greeks
In any case, Alexander's toppling of the Achaemenid Empire, after his victories at the battles of the Granicus, Issus and Gaugamela, and his advance as far as modern-day Pakistan and Tajikistan, provided an important outlet for Greek culture, via the creation of colonies and trade routes along the way. While the Alexan...
Name a city that the Greeks nested in ?
{ "answer_start": [ 609 ], "text": [ "cities like Alexandria, Antioch and Seleucia." ] }
572fb70e947a6a140053cbd4
Greeks
This age saw the Greeks move towards larger cities and a reduction in the importance of the city-state. These larger cities were parts of the still larger Kingdoms of the Diadochi. Greeks, however, remained aware of their past, chiefly through the study of the works of Homer and the classical authors. An important fact...
With the secession away from the smaller communities in the Grecian world, what living situation became of great importance ?
{ "answer_start": [ 13 ], "text": [ "the Greeks move towards larger cities and a reduction in the importance of the city-state." ] }
572fb70e947a6a140053cbd5
Greeks
This age saw the Greeks move towards larger cities and a reduction in the importance of the city-state. These larger cities were parts of the still larger Kingdoms of the Diadochi. Greeks, however, remained aware of their past, chiefly through the study of the works of Homer and the classical authors. An important fact...
The kingdoms of Diadochi was comprised of what ?
{ "answer_start": [ 110 ], "text": [ "larger cities were parts of the still larger Kingdoms of the Diadochi." ] }
572fb70e947a6a140053cbd6
Greeks
This age saw the Greeks move towards larger cities and a reduction in the importance of the city-state. These larger cities were parts of the still larger Kingdoms of the Diadochi. Greeks, however, remained aware of their past, chiefly through the study of the works of Homer and the classical authors. An important fact...
How did the cites remind themselves of their beginnings ?
{ "answer_start": [ 181 ], "text": [ "Greeks, however, remained aware of their past, chiefly through the study of the works of Homer and the classical authors." ] }
572fb70e947a6a140053cbd7
Greeks
This age saw the Greeks move towards larger cities and a reduction in the importance of the city-state. These larger cities were parts of the still larger Kingdoms of the Diadochi. Greeks, however, remained aware of their past, chiefly through the study of the works of Homer and the classical authors. An important fact...
What did the Greeks wants to be imparted to their descendants ?
{ "answer_start": [ 551 ], "text": [ "the transmission of the Hellenic paideia to the next generation." ] }
572fb70e947a6a140053cbd8
Greeks
This age saw the Greeks move towards larger cities and a reduction in the importance of the city-state. These larger cities were parts of the still larger Kingdoms of the Diadochi. Greeks, however, remained aware of their past, chiefly through the study of the works of Homer and the classical authors. An important fact...
What academia was heightened during this time of Hellenism ?
{ "answer_start": [ 616 ], "text": [ "Greek science, technology and mathematics are generally considered to have reached their peak during the Hellenistic period." ] }
572fb85804bcaa1900d76c31
Greeks
In the religious sphere, this was a period of profound change. The spiritual revolution that took place, saw a waning of the old Greek religion, whose decline beginning in the 3rd century BC continued with the introduction of new religious movements from the East. The cults of deities like Isis and Mithra were introduc...
When did the religions of the past begin to dissipate ?
{ "answer_start": [ 151 ], "text": [ "decline beginning in the 3rd century BC" ] }
572fb85804bcaa1900d76c32
Greeks
In the religious sphere, this was a period of profound change. The spiritual revolution that took place, saw a waning of the old Greek religion, whose decline beginning in the 3rd century BC continued with the introduction of new religious movements from the East. The cults of deities like Isis and Mithra were introduc...
What encouraged the change of faith ?
{ "answer_start": [ 201 ], "text": [ "with the introduction of new religious movements from the East." ] }
572fb85804bcaa1900d76c33
Greeks
In the religious sphere, this was a period of profound change. The spiritual revolution that took place, saw a waning of the old Greek religion, whose decline beginning in the 3rd century BC continued with the introduction of new religious movements from the East. The cults of deities like Isis and Mithra were introduc...
What religions form of worship came from the Eastern sects ?
{ "answer_start": [ 265 ], "text": [ "The cults of deities like Isis and Mithra were introduced into the Greek world." ] }
572fb85804bcaa1900d76c34
Greeks
In the religious sphere, this was a period of profound change. The spiritual revolution that took place, saw a waning of the old Greek religion, whose decline beginning in the 3rd century BC continued with the introduction of new religious movements from the East. The cults of deities like Isis and Mithra were introduc...
What group was significant in the expansion of the Christian faith ?
{ "answer_start": [ 379 ], "text": [ "Hellenized East were instrumental in the spread of early Christianity" ] }
572fb85804bcaa1900d76c35
Greeks
In the religious sphere, this was a period of profound change. The spiritual revolution that took place, saw a waning of the old Greek religion, whose decline beginning in the 3rd century BC continued with the introduction of new religious movements from the East. The cults of deities like Isis and Mithra were introduc...
What language are the Apostle's namely believed to have spoken ?
{ "answer_start": [ 483 ], "text": [ "Christianity's early leaders and writers (notably St Paul) were generally Greek-speaking" ] }
572fba31947a6a140053cbee
Greeks
Of the new eastern religions introduced into the Greek world, the most successful was Christianity. From the early centuries of the Common Era, the Greeks identified as Romaioi ("Romans"), by that time the name ‘Hellenes’ denoted pagans. While ethnic distinctions still existed in the Roman Empire, they became secondary...
What alternative name were the Greeks known by ?
{ "answer_start": [ 144 ], "text": [ "the Greeks identified as Romaioi (\"Romans\")" ] }
572fba31947a6a140053cbef
Greeks
Of the new eastern religions introduced into the Greek world, the most successful was Christianity. From the early centuries of the Common Era, the Greeks identified as Romaioi ("Romans"), by that time the name ‘Hellenes’ denoted pagans. While ethnic distinctions still existed in the Roman Empire, they became secondary...
What did the label of Hellenes come to stand for during the Common Era of Greece ?
{ "answer_start": [ 202 ], "text": [ "the name ‘Hellenes’ denoted pagans" ] }
572fba31947a6a140053cbf0
Greeks
Of the new eastern religions introduced into the Greek world, the most successful was Christianity. From the early centuries of the Common Era, the Greeks identified as Romaioi ("Romans"), by that time the name ‘Hellenes’ denoted pagans. While ethnic distinctions still existed in the Roman Empire, they became secondary...
Did the Roman world consider one ethnocentric lineage to be a great concern ?
{ "answer_start": [ 311 ], "text": [ "secondary to religious considerations" ] }
572fba31947a6a140053cbf1
Greeks
Of the new eastern religions introduced into the Greek world, the most successful was Christianity. From the early centuries of the Common Era, the Greeks identified as Romaioi ("Romans"), by that time the name ‘Hellenes’ denoted pagans. While ethnic distinctions still existed in the Roman Empire, they became secondary...
What imperative value was extolled from the Christian community to the Roman world ?
{ "answer_start": [ 583 ], "text": [ "Greco-Roman educational system, although it was from Christianity that the culture's essential values were drawn." ] }
572fbc0804bcaa1900d76c41
Greeks
The Eastern Roman Empire – today conventionally named the Byzantine Empire, a name not in use during its own time – became increasingly influenced by Greek culture after the 7th century, when Emperor Heraclius (AD 575 - 641) decided to make Greek the empire's official language. Certainly from then on, but likely earlie...
When did the Byzantine Kingdom come under the impact of the Greeks.
{ "answer_start": [ 136 ], "text": [ "influenced by Greek culture after the 7th century," ] }
572fbc0804bcaa1900d76c42
Greeks
The Eastern Roman Empire – today conventionally named the Byzantine Empire, a name not in use during its own time – became increasingly influenced by Greek culture after the 7th century, when Emperor Heraclius (AD 575 - 641) decided to make Greek the empire's official language. Certainly from then on, but likely earlie...
Who ruled Rome during this time period ?
{ "answer_start": [ 192 ], "text": [ "Emperor Heraclius (AD 575 - 641)" ] }
572fbc0804bcaa1900d76c43
Greeks
The Eastern Roman Empire – today conventionally named the Byzantine Empire, a name not in use during its own time – became increasingly influenced by Greek culture after the 7th century, when Emperor Heraclius (AD 575 - 641) decided to make Greek the empire's official language. Certainly from then on, but likely earlie...
What decision did he make that influenced the culture in an attempt to make things more homogeneous ?
{ "answer_start": [ 225 ], "text": [ "decided to make Greek the empire's official language." ] }
572fbc0804bcaa1900d76c44
Greeks
The Eastern Roman Empire – today conventionally named the Byzantine Empire, a name not in use during its own time – became increasingly influenced by Greek culture after the 7th century, when Emperor Heraclius (AD 575 - 641) decided to make Greek the empire's official language. Certainly from then on, but likely earlie...
What made the Eastern Empire be known as the Imperium Graecorum ?
{ "answer_start": [ 517 ], "text": [ "Pope Leo III crowned Charlemagne, king of the Franks, as the \"Roman Emperor\"" ] }
572fbc0804bcaa1900d76c45
Greeks
The Eastern Roman Empire – today conventionally named the Byzantine Empire, a name not in use during its own time – became increasingly influenced by Greek culture after the 7th century, when Emperor Heraclius (AD 575 - 641) decided to make Greek the empire's official language. Certainly from then on, but likely earlie...
Who was favored by those who lived in the west and mainly used another form of well know verbal language ?
{ "answer_start": [ 685 ], "text": [ "the Latin West started to favour the Franks" ] }
572fbf48a23a5019007fc941
Greeks
A distinct Greek political identity re-emerged in the 11th century in educated circles and became more forceful after the fall of Constantinople to the Crusaders of the Fourth Crusade in 1204, so that when the empire was revived in 1261, it became in many ways a Greek national state. That new notion of nationhood engen...
What caused the resurface of the Grecian monotony in politics ?
{ "answer_start": [ 118 ], "text": [ "the fall of Constantinople to the Crusaders of the Fourth Crusade in 1204" ] }
572fbf48a23a5019007fc942
Greeks
A distinct Greek political identity re-emerged in the 11th century in educated circles and became more forceful after the fall of Constantinople to the Crusaders of the Fourth Crusade in 1204, so that when the empire was revived in 1261, it became in many ways a Greek national state. That new notion of nationhood engen...
When did the nation reestablish itself ?
{ "answer_start": [ 210 ], "text": [ "empire was revived in 1261" ] }
572fbf48a23a5019007fc943
Greeks
A distinct Greek political identity re-emerged in the 11th century in educated circles and became more forceful after the fall of Constantinople to the Crusaders of the Fourth Crusade in 1204, so that when the empire was revived in 1261, it became in many ways a Greek national state. That new notion of nationhood engen...
What was the specialty of great Pietho and what is famous for ?
{ "answer_start": [ 409 ], "text": [ "philosopher Gemistus Pletho, who abandoned Christianity." ] }
572fbf48a23a5019007fc944
Greeks
A distinct Greek political identity re-emerged in the 11th century in educated circles and became more forceful after the fall of Constantinople to the Crusaders of the Fourth Crusade in 1204, so that when the empire was revived in 1261, it became in many ways a Greek national state. That new notion of nationhood engen...
What was bolstered by the the final downward spiral of the Empire of Trebizond ?
{ "answer_start": [ 639 ], "text": [ "interest in the Classical Greek heritage was complemented by a renewed emphasis on Greek Orthodox identity" ] }
572fbf48a23a5019007fc945
Greeks
A distinct Greek political identity re-emerged in the 11th century in educated circles and became more forceful after the fall of Constantinople to the Crusaders of the Fourth Crusade in 1204, so that when the empire was revived in 1261, it became in many ways a Greek national state. That new notion of nationhood engen...
Which factoring war was on gong in 1828 and shares the of a previous scuttle ? ?
{ "answer_start": [ 989 ], "text": [ "second Russo-Turkish War" ] }
572fc0c9b2c2fd14005683e5
Greeks
Following the Fall of Constantinople on 29 May 1453, many Greeks sought better employment and education opportunities by leaving for the West, particularly Italy, Central Europe, Germany and Russia. Greeks are greatly credited for the European cultural revolution, later called, the Renaissance. In Greek-inhabited terri...
When did the emperor Constantine lose rule over in 1453 ?
{ "answer_start": [ 14 ], "text": [ "Fall of Constantinople on 29 May 1453" ] }
572fc0c9b2c2fd14005683e6
Greeks
Following the Fall of Constantinople on 29 May 1453, many Greeks sought better employment and education opportunities by leaving for the West, particularly Italy, Central Europe, Germany and Russia. Greeks are greatly credited for the European cultural revolution, later called, the Renaissance. In Greek-inhabited terri...
What did the populace do in response to the loss ?
{ "answer_start": [ 53 ], "text": [ "many Greeks sought better employment and education opportunities by leaving for the West" ] }
572fc0c9b2c2fd14005683e7
Greeks
Following the Fall of Constantinople on 29 May 1453, many Greeks sought better employment and education opportunities by leaving for the West, particularly Italy, Central Europe, Germany and Russia. Greeks are greatly credited for the European cultural revolution, later called, the Renaissance. In Greek-inhabited terri...
What type of position did Greeks come to hold in the Ottoman Empire ?
{ "answer_start": [ 395 ], "text": [ "in part to the fact that the central hub of the empire, politically, culturally, and socially, was based on Western Thrace and Greek Macedonia" ] }
572fc0c9b2c2fd14005683e8
Greeks
Following the Fall of Constantinople on 29 May 1453, many Greeks sought better employment and education opportunities by leaving for the West, particularly Italy, Central Europe, Germany and Russia. Greeks are greatly credited for the European cultural revolution, later called, the Renaissance. In Greek-inhabited terri...
Who made up the majority of soldiers in the Ottoman Empire ?
{ "answer_start": [ 892 ], "text": [ "men of Greek origin made up a significant proportion of the Ottoman army, navy" ] }
572fc0c9b2c2fd14005683e9
Greeks
Following the Fall of Constantinople on 29 May 1453, many Greeks sought better employment and education opportunities by leaving for the West, particularly Italy, Central Europe, Germany and Russia. Greeks are greatly credited for the European cultural revolution, later called, the Renaissance. In Greek-inhabited terri...
What type of work were must young boys antiquated with in the Ottoman Empire ?
{ "answer_start": [ 1007 ], "text": [ "levied as adolescents (along with especially Albanians and Serbs) into Ottoman service through the devshirme." ] }
572fc26a04bcaa1900d76c8d
Greeks
For those that remained under the Ottoman Empire's millet system, religion was the defining characteristic of national groups (milletler), so the exonym "Greeks" (Rumlar from the name Rhomaioi) was applied by the Ottomans to all members of the Orthodox Church, regardless of their language or ethnic origin. The Greek sp...
How were the population factions of the Ottoman Empire classified ?
{ "answer_start": [ 66 ], "text": [ "religion was the defining characteristic of national groups" ] }
572fc26a04bcaa1900d76c8e
Greeks
For those that remained under the Ottoman Empire's millet system, religion was the defining characteristic of national groups (milletler), so the exonym "Greeks" (Rumlar from the name Rhomaioi) was applied by the Ottomans to all members of the Orthodox Church, regardless of their language or ethnic origin. The Greek sp...
What did it mean to be classified as a Greek by the millet command ?
{ "answer_start": [ 194 ], "text": [ "was applied by the Ottomans to all members of the Orthodox Church, regardless of their language or ethnic origin." ] }
572fc26a04bcaa1900d76c8f
Greeks
For those that remained under the Ottoman Empire's millet system, religion was the defining characteristic of national groups (milletler), so the exonym "Greeks" (Rumlar from the name Rhomaioi) was applied by the Ottomans to all members of the Orthodox Church, regardless of their language or ethnic origin. The Greek sp...
What moniker did the Greeks grant themselves for distinction ?
{ "answer_start": [ 308 ], "text": [ "The Greek speakers were the only ethnic group to actually call themselves Romioi" ] }
572fc26a04bcaa1900d76c90
Greeks
For those that remained under the Ottoman Empire's millet system, religion was the defining characteristic of national groups (milletler), so the exonym "Greeks" (Rumlar from the name Rhomaioi) was applied by the Ottomans to all members of the Orthodox Church, regardless of their language or ethnic origin. The Greek sp...
What did the literate segment of Greeks consider to be a part of their ethic lines ?
{ "answer_start": [ 445 ], "text": [ "those educated, considered their ethnicity (genos) to be Hellenic" ] }
572fc26a04bcaa1900d76c91
Greeks
For those that remained under the Ottoman Empire's millet system, religion was the defining characteristic of national groups (milletler), so the exonym "Greeks" (Rumlar from the name Rhomaioi) was applied by the Ottomans to all members of the Orthodox Church, regardless of their language or ethnic origin. The Greek sp...
Were Christian prized among the Ottomans ?
{ "answer_start": [ 561 ], "text": [ "second-class status of Christians inherent in the Ottoman millet system" ] }
572fc3b7a23a5019007fc9b9
Greeks
The roots of Greek success in the Ottoman Empire can be traced to the Greek tradition of education and commerce. It was the wealth of the extensive merchant class that provided the material basis for the intellectual revival that was the prominent feature of Greek life in the half century and more leading to the outbre...
What did the Greeks offer to the Ottoman Empire that was a superb benefit ?
{ "answer_start": [ 66 ], "text": [ "the Greek tradition of education and commerce" ] }
572fc3b7a23a5019007fc9ba
Greeks
The roots of Greek success in the Ottoman Empire can be traced to the Greek tradition of education and commerce. It was the wealth of the extensive merchant class that provided the material basis for the intellectual revival that was the prominent feature of Greek life in the half century and more leading to the outbre...
Who held much of the wealth in the Greek society ?
{ "answer_start": [ 120 ], "text": [ "the wealth of the extensive merchant class" ] }
572fc3b7a23a5019007fc9bb
Greeks
The roots of Greek success in the Ottoman Empire can be traced to the Greek tradition of education and commerce. It was the wealth of the extensive merchant class that provided the material basis for the intellectual revival that was the prominent feature of Greek life in the half century and more leading to the outbre...
What three cities were imperative for the scholarly and economic exchanges ?
{ "answer_start": [ 405 ], "text": [ "the three most important centres of Greek learning were situated in Chios, Smyrna and Aivali, all three major centres of Greek commerce" ] }
572fc3b7a23a5019007fc9bc
Greeks
The roots of Greek success in the Ottoman Empire can be traced to the Greek tradition of education and commerce. It was the wealth of the extensive merchant class that provided the material basis for the intellectual revival that was the prominent feature of Greek life in the half century and more leading to the outbre...
What other area fields were overshadowed by Greek influence ?
{ "answer_start": [ 577 ], "text": [ "Greek domination of the Christian Orthodox church." ] }
572fc5aba23a5019007fc9c1
Greeks
The relationship between ethnic Greek identity and Greek Orthodox religion continued after the creation of the Modern Greek state in 1830. According to the second article of the first Greek constitution of 1822, a Greek was defined as any Christian resident of the Kingdom of Greece, a clause removed by 1840. A century ...
When was the Greece that we know today officially formed ?
{ "answer_start": [ 95 ], "text": [ "creation of the Modern Greek state in 1830" ] }
572fc5aba23a5019007fc9c4
Greeks
The relationship between ethnic Greek identity and Greek Orthodox religion continued after the creation of the Modern Greek state in 1830. According to the second article of the first Greek constitution of 1822, a Greek was defined as any Christian resident of the Kingdom of Greece, a clause removed by 1840. A century ...
Is this identifying factor for official citizens of Greece still in effect today ?
{ "answer_start": [ 286 ], "text": [ "clause removed by 1840" ] }
572fc5aba23a5019007fc9c3
Greeks
The relationship between ethnic Greek identity and Greek Orthodox religion continued after the creation of the Modern Greek state in 1830. According to the second article of the first Greek constitution of 1822, a Greek was defined as any Christian resident of the Kingdom of Greece, a clause removed by 1840. A century ...
How did the original Constitution identify its society members ?
{ "answer_start": [ 212 ], "text": [ "a Greek was defined as any Christian resident of the Kingdom of Greece" ] }
572fc5aba23a5019007fc9c2
Greeks
The relationship between ethnic Greek identity and Greek Orthodox religion continued after the creation of the Modern Greek state in 1830. According to the second article of the first Greek constitution of 1822, a Greek was defined as any Christian resident of the Kingdom of Greece, a clause removed by 1840. A century ...
When was the original Grecian constitution formed ?
{ "answer_start": [ 178 ], "text": [ "first Greek constitution of 1822" ] }
572fc5aba23a5019007fc9c5
Greeks
The relationship between ethnic Greek identity and Greek Orthodox religion continued after the creation of the Modern Greek state in 1830. According to the second article of the first Greek constitution of 1822, a Greek was defined as any Christian resident of the Kingdom of Greece, a clause removed by 1840. A century ...
What factor was used to expel or include citizens in the Lausanne Treaty ?
{ "answer_start": [ 419 ], "text": [ "agreed to use religion as the determinant for ethnic identity for the purposes of population exchange" ] }
572fc73c947a6a140053cca6
Greeks
The terms used to define Greekness have varied throughout history but were never limited or completely identified with membership to a Greek state. By Western standards, the term Greeks has traditionally referred to any native speakers of the Greek language, whether Mycenaean, Byzantine or modern Greek. Byzantine Greek...
What do Westerners believe it means to belong to the Greek heritage ?
{ "answer_start": [ 151 ], "text": [ "Western standards, the term Greeks has traditionally referred to any native speakers of the Greek language, whether Mycenaean, Byzantine or modern Greek." ] }
572fc73c947a6a140053cca7
Greeks
The terms used to define Greekness have varied throughout history but were never limited or completely identified with membership to a Greek state. By Western standards, the term Greeks has traditionally referred to any native speakers of the Greek language, whether Mycenaean, Byzantine or modern Greek. Byzantine Greek...
What do the Grecian Romioi descendants of the Constantine rule believe to be true in regards to the status as beneficiaries ?
{ "answer_start": [ 351 ], "text": [ "considered themselves the political heirs of Rome" ] }
572fc73c947a6a140053cca8
Greeks
The terms used to define Greekness have varied throughout history but were never limited or completely identified with membership to a Greek state. By Western standards, the term Greeks has traditionally referred to any native speakers of the Greek language, whether Mycenaean, Byzantine or modern Greek. Byzantine Greek...
What other cultures do the Romioi clam to be their birthright ?
{ "answer_start": [ 471 ], "text": [ "deemed themselves the heirs of ancient Greece as well" ] }
572fc73c947a6a140053cca9
Greeks
The terms used to define Greekness have varied throughout history but were never limited or completely identified with membership to a Greek state. By Western standards, the term Greeks has traditionally referred to any native speakers of the Greek language, whether Mycenaean, Byzantine or modern Greek. Byzantine Greek...
What is an alternative word used by Greeks to mean those who worship and alternative religion to the mainstreams ?
{ "answer_start": [ 568 ], "text": [ "Hellene\" still meant pagan" ] }
572fc855b2c2fd140056846b
Greeks
Before the establishment of the Modern Greek state, the link between ancient and modern Greeks was emphasized by the scholars of Greek Enlightenment especially by Rigas Feraios. In his "Political Constitution", he addresses to the nation as "the people descendant of the Greeks". The modern Greek state was created in 18...
From what era is the Rigas Feraios believed to be a part of ?
{ "answer_start": [ 129 ], "text": [ "Greek Enlightenment" ] }
572fc855b2c2fd140056846c
Greeks
Before the establishment of the Modern Greek state, the link between ancient and modern Greeks was emphasized by the scholars of Greek Enlightenment especially by Rigas Feraios. In his "Political Constitution", he addresses to the nation as "the people descendant of the Greeks". The modern Greek state was created in 18...
When was the Greek state of modern times birthed into exsistence ?
{ "answer_start": [ 280 ], "text": [ "The modern Greek state was created in 1829," ] }
572fc855b2c2fd140056846d
Greeks
Before the establishment of the Modern Greek state, the link between ancient and modern Greeks was emphasized by the scholars of Greek Enlightenment especially by Rigas Feraios. In his "Political Constitution", he addresses to the nation as "the people descendant of the Greeks". The modern Greek state was created in 18...
What did Greeks do that caused the formation of the new state ?
{ "answer_start": [ 329 ], "text": [ "the Greeks liberated a part of their historic homelands, Peloponnese, from the Ottoman Empire" ] }
572fc855b2c2fd140056846e
Greeks
Before the establishment of the Modern Greek state, the link between ancient and modern Greeks was emphasized by the scholars of Greek Enlightenment especially by Rigas Feraios. In his "Political Constitution", he addresses to the nation as "the people descendant of the Greeks". The modern Greek state was created in 18...
What foundation was laid that is the demographics of Modern Greek Enlightenment Era ?
{ "answer_start": [ 473 ], "text": [ "instrumental in transmitting the ideas of western romantic nationalism and philhellenism, which together with the conception of Hellenism," ] }
572fca32a23a5019007fc9df
Greeks
Homer refers to the "Hellenes" (/ˈhɛliːnz/) as a relatively small tribe settled in Thessalic Phthia, with its warriors under the command of Achilleus. The Parian Chronicle says that Phthia was the homeland of the Hellenes and that this name was given to those previously called Greeks (Γραικοί). In Greek mythology, Hell...
What area is given to be the nesting point of a small group of pagans by a infamous philosopher from Greek ?
{ "answer_start": [ 21 ], "text": [ "Hellenes\" (/ˈhɛliːnz/) as a relatively small tribe settled in Thessalic Phthia," ] }
572fca32a23a5019007fc9e1
Greeks
Homer refers to the "Hellenes" (/ˈhɛliːnz/) as a relatively small tribe settled in Thessalic Phthia, with its warriors under the command of Achilleus. The Parian Chronicle says that Phthia was the homeland of the Hellenes and that this name was given to those previously called Greeks (Γραικοί). In Greek mythology, Hell...
From what mystical lineage does this name benefactor ascend from ?
{ "answer_start": [ 351 ], "text": [ "was son of Pyrrha and Deucalion, who ruled around Phthia, the only survivors after the great deluge." ] }
572fca32a23a5019007fc9e0
Greeks
Homer refers to the "Hellenes" (/ˈhɛliːnz/) as a relatively small tribe settled in Thessalic Phthia, with its warriors under the command of Achilleus. The Parian Chronicle says that Phthia was the homeland of the Hellenes and that this name was given to those previously called Greeks (Γραικοί). In Greek mythology, Hell...
Who is this small group named for ?
{ "answer_start": [ 316 ], "text": [ "Hellen, the patriarch of Hellenes" ] }
572fca32a23a5019007fc9e2
Greeks
Homer refers to the "Hellenes" (/ˈhɛliːnz/) as a relatively small tribe settled in Thessalic Phthia, with its warriors under the command of Achilleus. The Parian Chronicle says that Phthia was the homeland of the Hellenes and that this name was given to those previously called Greeks (Γραικοί). In Greek mythology, Hell...
Is the name more ancient than other group names in the area ?
{ "answer_start": [ 1292 ], "text": [ "The name Hellenes seems to be older and it was probably used by the Greeks with the establishment of the Great Amphictyonic League." ] }
572fca32a23a5019007fc9e3
Greeks
Homer refers to the "Hellenes" (/ˈhɛliːnz/) as a relatively small tribe settled in Thessalic Phthia, with its warriors under the command of Achilleus. The Parian Chronicle says that Phthia was the homeland of the Hellenes and that this name was given to those previously called Greeks (Γραικοί). In Greek mythology, Hell...
How many orginal founding patrons are there of the Great Amphictyonic League ?
{ "answer_start": [ 1472 ], "text": [ "with twelve founders" ] }
572fccbda23a5019007fca09
Greeks
In the Hesiodic Catalogue of Women, Graecus is presented as the son of Zeus and Pandora II, sister of Hellen the patriarch of Hellenes. Hellen was the son of Deucalion who ruled around Phthia in central Greece. The Parian Chronicle mentions that when Deucalion became king of Phthia, the previously called Graikoi were n...
what does the author of the mortal female focused early example hexameter poetry say of the Hellenic protector ?
{ "answer_start": [ 136 ], "text": [ "Hellen was the son of Deucalion who ruled around Phthia in central Greece." ] }
572fccbda23a5019007fca0a
Greeks
In the Hesiodic Catalogue of Women, Graecus is presented as the son of Zeus and Pandora II, sister of Hellen the patriarch of Hellenes. Hellen was the son of Deucalion who ruled around Phthia in central Greece. The Parian Chronicle mentions that when Deucalion became king of Phthia, the previously called Graikoi were n...
What caused a name change according to the Chronicles of Parian ?
{ "answer_start": [ 284 ], "text": [ "the previously called Graikoi were named Hellenes." ] }
572fccbda23a5019007fca0c
Greeks
In the Hesiodic Catalogue of Women, Graecus is presented as the son of Zeus and Pandora II, sister of Hellen the patriarch of Hellenes. Hellen was the son of Deucalion who ruled around Phthia in central Greece. The Parian Chronicle mentions that when Deucalion became king of Phthia, the previously called Graikoi were n...
What is the origins of the term "old woman " ?
{ "answer_start": [ 1071 ], "text": [ "word γραῖα graia \"old woman\" comes from the PIE root *ǵerh2-/*ǵreh2-, \"to grow old\" via Proto-Greek *gera-/grau-iu" ] }
572fccbda23a5019007fca0b
Greeks
In the Hesiodic Catalogue of Women, Graecus is presented as the son of Zeus and Pandora II, sister of Hellen the patriarch of Hellenes. Hellen was the son of Deucalion who ruled around Phthia in central Greece. The Parian Chronicle mentions that when Deucalion became king of Phthia, the previously called Graikoi were n...
Where do modern theorist believe the name of Greek originated from ?
{ "answer_start": [ 733 ], "text": [ "A modern theory derives the name Greek (Latin Graeci) from Graikos, \"inhabitant of Graia/Graea,\" a town on the coast of Boeotia." ] }
572fda3004bcaa1900d76dcf
Greeks
Homer uses the terms Achaeans and Danaans (Δαναοί) as a generic term for Greeks in Iliad, and they were probably a part of the Mycenean civilization. The names Achaioi and Danaoi seem to be pre-Dorian belonging to the people who were overthrown. They were forced to the region that later bore the name Achaea after the D...
What interchangeable terms did Homer use in his poems for Greeks ?
{ "answer_start": [ 21 ], "text": [ "Achaeans and Danaans" ] }
572fda3004bcaa1900d76dd0
Greeks
Homer uses the terms Achaeans and Danaans (Δαναοί) as a generic term for Greeks in Iliad, and they were probably a part of the Mycenean civilization. The names Achaioi and Danaoi seem to be pre-Dorian belonging to the people who were overthrown. They were forced to the region that later bore the name Achaea after the D...
What is believed to be the derivative of these names ?
{ "answer_start": [ 190 ], "text": [ "pre-Dorian" ] }
572fda3004bcaa1900d76dd1
Greeks
Homer uses the terms Achaeans and Danaans (Δαναοί) as a generic term for Greeks in Iliad, and they were probably a part of the Mycenean civilization. The names Achaioi and Danaoi seem to be pre-Dorian belonging to the people who were overthrown. They were forced to the region that later bore the name Achaea after the D...
What was redefined in the 5th century about the people of these names?
{ "answer_start": [ 369 ], "text": [ "redefined as contemporary speakers of Aeolic Greek" ] }
572fda3004bcaa1900d76dd2
Greeks
Homer uses the terms Achaeans and Danaans (Δαναοί) as a generic term for Greeks in Iliad, and they were probably a part of the Mycenean civilization. The names Achaioi and Danaoi seem to be pre-Dorian belonging to the people who were overthrown. They were forced to the region that later bore the name Achaea after the D...
Where was this origin of this redefinition ?
{ "answer_start": [ 430 ], "text": [ "spoken mainly in Thessaly, Boeotia and Lesbos" ] }
572fda3004bcaa1900d76dd3
Greeks
Homer uses the terms Achaeans and Danaans (Δαναοί) as a generic term for Greeks in Iliad, and they were probably a part of the Mycenean civilization. The names Achaioi and Danaoi seem to be pre-Dorian belonging to the people who were overthrown. They were forced to the region that later bore the name Achaea after the D...
What was the age in 1300 BC named ?
{ "answer_start": [ 676 ], "text": [ "early Iron age" ] }
572fdc43947a6a140053cd72
Greeks
In Homer's Iliad, the names Danaans (or Danaoi: Δαναοί) and Argives (Argives: Αργείοι) are used to designate the Greek forces opposed to the Trojans. The myth of Danaus, whose origin is Egypt, is a foundation legend of Argos. His daughters Danaides, were forced in Tartarus to carry a jug to fill a bathtub without a bot...
In Homer's poems who were the Greeks at odds with ?
{ "answer_start": [ 141 ], "text": [ "Trojans" ] }
572fdc43947a6a140053cd73
Greeks
In Homer's Iliad, the names Danaans (or Danaoi: Δαναοί) and Argives (Argives: Αργείοι) are used to designate the Greek forces opposed to the Trojans. The myth of Danaus, whose origin is Egypt, is a foundation legend of Argos. His daughters Danaides, were forced in Tartarus to carry a jug to fill a bathtub without a bot...
From where did the basis of the Argos tales originate ?
{ "answer_start": [ 186 ], "text": [ "Egypt" ] }
572fdc43947a6a140053cd74
Greeks
In Homer's Iliad, the names Danaans (or Danaoi: Δαναοί) and Argives (Argives: Αργείοι) are used to designate the Greek forces opposed to the Trojans. The myth of Danaus, whose origin is Egypt, is a foundation legend of Argos. His daughters Danaides, were forced in Tartarus to carry a jug to fill a bathtub without a bot...
What did the female descendants of Argos have to accomplish ?
{ "answer_start": [ 226 ], "text": [ "His daughters Danaides, were forced in Tartarus to carry a jug to fill a bathtub without a bottom" ] }
572fdc43947a6a140053cd75
Greeks
In Homer's Iliad, the names Danaans (or Danaoi: Δαναοί) and Argives (Argives: Αργείοι) are used to designate the Greek forces opposed to the Trojans. The myth of Danaus, whose origin is Egypt, is a foundation legend of Argos. His daughters Danaides, were forced in Tartarus to carry a jug to fill a bathtub without a bot...
What community did the Denyen live in ?
{ "answer_start": [ 748 ], "text": [ "Denyen" ] }
572fdc43947a6a140053cd76
Greeks
In Homer's Iliad, the names Danaans (or Danaoi: Δαναοί) and Argives (Argives: Αργείοι) are used to designate the Greek forces opposed to the Trojans. The myth of Danaus, whose origin is Egypt, is a foundation legend of Argos. His daughters Danaides, were forced in Tartarus to carry a jug to fill a bathtub without a bot...
What country is spoken of in the inscriptions of a country in Northern Africa from 1390-1352 BC ?
{ "answer_start": [ 1601 ], "text": [ "A country Danaja with a city Mukana (propaply: Mycenea) is mentioned in inscriptions from Egypt" ] }
572fdf30a23a5019007fcaa7
Greeks
The most obvious link between modern and ancient Greeks is their language, which has a documented tradition from at least the 14th century BC to the present day, albeit with a break during the Greek Dark Ages (lasting from the 11th to the 8th century BC). Scholars compare its continuity of tradition to Chinese alone. S...
What is the easiest connection between the Greeks of old and those of today ?
{ "answer_start": [ 4 ], "text": [ "most obvious link between modern and ancient Greeks is their language" ] }
572fdf30a23a5019007fcaa8
Greeks
The most obvious link between modern and ancient Greeks is their language, which has a documented tradition from at least the 14th century BC to the present day, albeit with a break during the Greek Dark Ages (lasting from the 11th to the 8th century BC). Scholars compare its continuity of tradition to Chinese alone. S...
How log did the age of darkness last for the Greeks ?
{ "answer_start": [ 193 ], "text": [ "Greek Dark Ages (lasting from the 11th to the 8th century BC)" ] }
572fdf30a23a5019007fcaa9
Greeks
The most obvious link between modern and ancient Greeks is their language, which has a documented tradition from at least the 14th century BC to the present day, albeit with a break during the Greek Dark Ages (lasting from the 11th to the 8th century BC). Scholars compare its continuity of tradition to Chinese alone. S...
Who else has a history as long standing as those of the Greeks ?
{ "answer_start": [ 277 ], "text": [ "continuity of tradition to Chinese alone" ] }
572fdf30a23a5019007fcaaa
Greeks
The most obvious link between modern and ancient Greeks is their language, which has a documented tradition from at least the 14th century BC to the present day, albeit with a break during the Greek Dark Ages (lasting from the 11th to the 8th century BC). Scholars compare its continuity of tradition to Chinese alone. S...
When did most of the Eastward sector of the Roman expanse choose to have a rebirth of Greek traditions and appreciations ?
{ "answer_start": [ 642 ], "text": [ "During the later years of the Eastern Roman Empire" ] }
572fdf30a23a5019007fcaab
Greeks
The most obvious link between modern and ancient Greeks is their language, which has a documented tradition from at least the 14th century BC to the present day, albeit with a break during the Greek Dark Ages (lasting from the 11th to the 8th century BC). Scholars compare its continuity of tradition to Chinese alone. S...
What aspects of the Greek culture have remained steadfast throughout the years ?
{ "answer_start": [ 1122 ], "text": [ "retained their language and alphabet, certain values and cultural traditions, customs, a sense of religious and cultural difference and exclusion" ] }
572fe045a23a5019007fcac3
Greeks
Today, Greeks are the majority ethnic group in the Hellenic Republic, where they constitute 93% of the country's population, and the Republic of Cyprus where they make up 78% of the island's population (excluding Turkish settlers in the occupied part of the country). Greek populations have not traditionally exhibited h...
In the Rupublic of Hellenic who is the ethnic majority and what percentage of the populace do they represent ?
{ "answer_start": [ 7 ], "text": [ "Greeks are the majority ethnic group in the Hellenic Republic, where they constitute 93% of the country's population" ] }
572fe045a23a5019007fcac4
Greeks
Today, Greeks are the majority ethnic group in the Hellenic Republic, where they constitute 93% of the country's population, and the Republic of Cyprus where they make up 78% of the island's population (excluding Turkish settlers in the occupied part of the country). Greek populations have not traditionally exhibited h...
What's the estimated populace of Greeks on the isle of Cyprus ?
{ "answer_start": [ 133 ], "text": [ "Republic of Cyprus where they make up 78% of the island's population" ] }
572fe045a23a5019007fcac5
Greeks
Today, Greeks are the majority ethnic group in the Hellenic Republic, where they constitute 93% of the country's population, and the Republic of Cyprus where they make up 78% of the island's population (excluding Turkish settlers in the occupied part of the country). Greek populations have not traditionally exhibited h...
Are Greeks in danger of contributing vastly to the problem of population control ?
{ "answer_start": [ 268 ], "text": [ "Greek populations have not traditionally exhibited high rates of growth" ] }
572fe045a23a5019007fcac6
Greeks
Today, Greeks are the majority ethnic group in the Hellenic Republic, where they constitute 93% of the country's population, and the Republic of Cyprus where they make up 78% of the island's population (excluding Turkish settlers in the occupied part of the country). Greek populations have not traditionally exhibited h...
Is the Greek populace on a whole increasing or decreasing in numbers ?
{ "answer_start": [ 372 ], "text": [ "Greece has shown regular increase since the country's first census in 1828." ] }
572fe045a23a5019007fcac7
Greeks
Today, Greeks are the majority ethnic group in the Hellenic Republic, where they constitute 93% of the country's population, and the Republic of Cyprus where they make up 78% of the island's population (excluding Turkish settlers in the occupied part of the country). Greek populations have not traditionally exhibited h...
Where there any significances that contributed to the increase or decrease in population numbers ?
{ "answer_start": [ 577 ], "text": [ "influx of 1.5 million Greek refugees after the 1923 population exchange between Greece and Turkey." ] }
5730704c396df919000960f8
Greeks
Greeks from Cyprus have a similar history of emigration, usually to the English-speaking world because of the island's colonization by the British Empire. Waves of emigration followed the Turkish invasion of Cyprus in 1974, while the population decreased between mid-1974 and 1977 as a result of emigration, war losses, ...
Which colonial enterprise for land was the Greek Isles a part of
{ "answer_start": [ 139 ], "text": [ "British Empire" ] }
5730704c396df919000960f9
Greeks
Greeks from Cyprus have a similar history of emigration, usually to the English-speaking world because of the island's colonization by the British Empire. Waves of emigration followed the Turkish invasion of Cyprus in 1974, while the population decreased between mid-1974 and 1977 as a result of emigration, war losses, ...
Who was living on with the Greeks in Cyprus s 1974 ?
{ "answer_start": [ 188 ], "text": [ "Turkish" ] }
5730704c396df919000960fa
Greeks
Greeks from Cyprus have a similar history of emigration, usually to the English-speaking world because of the island's colonization by the British Empire. Waves of emigration followed the Turkish invasion of Cyprus in 1974, while the population decreased between mid-1974 and 1977 as a result of emigration, war losses, ...
Whee these new inhabitants welcomed ?
{ "answer_start": [ 188 ], "text": [ "Turkish invasion of Cyprus" ] }
5730704c396df919000960fb
Greeks
Greeks from Cyprus have a similar history of emigration, usually to the English-speaking world because of the island's colonization by the British Empire. Waves of emigration followed the Turkish invasion of Cyprus in 1974, while the population decreased between mid-1974 and 1977 as a result of emigration, war losses, ...
During the early seventies where did most Cyprus Greeks decide to go ?
{ "answer_start": [ 526 ], "text": [ "the Middle East" ] }
573071f02461fd1900a9ce15
Greeks
There is a sizeable Greek minority of about 105,000 (disputed, sources claim higher) people, in Albania. The Greek minority of Turkey, which numbered upwards of 200,000 people after the 1923 exchange, has now dwindled to a few thousand, after the 1955 Constantinople Pogrom and other state sponsored violence and discrim...
What other countries boast of a Greek populace ?
{ "answer_start": [ 44 ], "text": [ "105,000 (disputed, sources claim higher) people, in Albania. The Greek minority of Turkey" ] }
573071f02461fd1900a9ce16
Greeks
There is a sizeable Greek minority of about 105,000 (disputed, sources claim higher) people, in Albania. The Greek minority of Turkey, which numbered upwards of 200,000 people after the 1923 exchange, has now dwindled to a few thousand, after the 1955 Constantinople Pogrom and other state sponsored violence and discrim...
What acts have caused the population of Greeks to be numbered so few in the country who name is reminiscent of a big American holiday?
{ "answer_start": [ 247 ], "text": [ "1955 Constantinople Pogrom and other state sponsored violence and discrimination." ] }
573071f02461fd1900a9ce17
Greeks
There is a sizeable Greek minority of about 105,000 (disputed, sources claim higher) people, in Albania. The Greek minority of Turkey, which numbered upwards of 200,000 people after the 1923 exchange, has now dwindled to a few thousand, after the 1955 Constantinople Pogrom and other state sponsored violence and discrim...
How long was there a Greek influence represented in "little" Asia ?
{ "answer_start": [ 374 ], "text": [ "the three-thousand-year-old presence of Hellenism in Asia Minor" ] }
573071f02461fd1900a9ce18
Greeks
There is a sizeable Greek minority of about 105,000 (disputed, sources claim higher) people, in Albania. The Greek minority of Turkey, which numbered upwards of 200,000 people after the 1923 exchange, has now dwindled to a few thousand, after the 1955 Constantinople Pogrom and other state sponsored violence and discrim...
Are there any Greek who still live in the area around the dark sea in any majority of numbers?
{ "answer_start": [ 449 ], "text": [ "smaller Greek minorities in the rest of the Balkan countries, the Levant and the Black Sea states," ] }
57307352069b5314008320eb
Greeks
The total number of Greeks living outside Greece and Cyprus today is a contentious issue. Where Census figures are available, they show around 3 million Greeks outside Greece and Cyprus. Estimates provided by the SAE - World Council of Hellenes Abroad put the figure at around 7 million worldwide. According to George Pr...
How many people that are of Greek ascendancy live elsewhere than Greece ?
{ "answer_start": [ 4 ], "text": [ "total number of Greeks living outside Greece and Cyprus today is a contentious issue" ] }