license: apache-2.0
task_categories:
- robotics
- image-to-text
- reinforcement-learning
tags:
- robot-manipulation
- reward-model
- vision-language
- vlm
- dense-reward
pretty_name: DenseReward
size_categories:
- 500K<n<1M
DenseReward Dataset
🌐 Project page · 📄 Paper (arXiv:2607.13033)
This is the dataset for DenseReward: Dense Reward Learning via Failure Synthesis for Robotic Manipulation. It pairs single robot-manipulation frames (and short chronological frame windows) with a scalar task-progress reward in [0.000, 1.000], used to finetune a vision-language reward model.
Models trained on this data:
densereward/densereward-1frame: single-frame reward model — one RGB frame + task text → scalar reward.densereward/densereward-3frame-thinking: 3-frame reward model with reasoning — 3 chronological frames + task text → a<think>reasoning word, then a scalar reward.
Dataset structure
data/
droid.zip
isaac.zip
robosuite.zip
libero.zip
splits/
1frame/{train,val,test}.json # 1 image per sample -> reward
3frame-thinking/{train,val,test}.json # 3 chronological images per sample -> <think>reason</think> + reward
manifest.json # trajectory-level train/val/test assignment
Each source's images ship as a zip in data/. Unzip each one in place so it expands to data/droid/*.jpg, matching the paths referenced in splits/*/*.json.
Data format
Each split file is a JSON list of samples in a simple SFT conversation format:
splits/1frame/*.json: one image, plain reward target
{
"conversation": [
{"from": "human", "value": "<image>put the alcohol on the plate"},
{"from": "assistant", "value": "0.327"}
],
"images": ["data/isaac/isaac_alcohol_0_collision_000_frame_000300.jpg"]
}
splits/3frame-thinking/*.json : 3 chronological images (oldest → current; early frames in a trajectory repeat the first frame to pad the window), a reasoning word, then the reward for the last frame. Here the reward drops (0.341 → 0.327) as the robot collides with the object, and the reasoning word reflects it:
{
"conversation": [
{"from": "human", "value": "<image><image><image>put the alcohol on the plate"},
{"from": "assistant", "value": "<think>\ncollision\n</think>\n\n0.327"}
],
"images": [
"data/isaac/isaac_alcohol_0_collision_000_frame_000240.jpg",
"data/isaac/isaac_alcohol_0_collision_000_frame_000270.jpg",
"data/isaac/isaac_alcohol_0_collision_000_frame_000300.jpg"
]
}
The <think> vocabulary is correct | miss | collision | fall | not smooth | failure.
License
Released under Apache License 2.0 for this repository.
Citation
@article{fang2026densereward,
title={DenseReward: Dense Reward Learning via Failure Synthesis for Robotic Manipulation},
author={Fang, Yu and Dong, Wanxi and Liu, Jiaqi and Yang, Yue and Huo, Mingxiao and Mu, Yao and Yao, Huaxiu and Li, Li Erran and Szafir, Daniel and Ding, Mingyu},
journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2607.13033},
year={2026}
}