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	Complete the text to describe the diagram. Solute particles moved in both directions across the permeable membrane. But more solute particles moved across the membrane (). When there was an equal concentration on both sides, the particles reached equilibrium.	[ "to the right than to the left", "to the left than to the right" ]	1	The diagram below shows a solution with one solute. Each solute particle is represented by a yellow ball. The solution fills a closed container that is divided in half by a membrane. The membrane, represented by a dotted line, is permeable to the solute particles. The diagram shows how the solution can change over time...	closed choice	grade6	natural science	chemistry	Solutions	Diffusion across membranes	In a solution, solute particles move and spread throughout the solvent. The diagram below shows how a solution can change over time. Solute particles move from the area where they are at a higher concentration to the area where they are at a lower concentration. This movement happens through the process of diffusion. A...	Look at the diagram again. It shows you how the solution changed during the process of diffusion. Before the solute particles reached equilibrium, there were 3 solute particles on the left side of the membrane and 5 solute particles on the right side of the membrane. When the solute particles reached equilibrium, there...
	What is the name of the colony shown?	[ "Vermont", "New York", "Connecticut", "Virginia" ]	1		closed choice	grade5	social science	us-history	English colonies in North America	Identify the Thirteen Colonies		The colony is New York. During the colonial era, New Hampshire and New York both claimed the territory that would later become the state of Vermont. Vermont was never its own colony.
Not supported with pagination yet	What information supports the conclusion that Brandon inherited this trait?	[ "Brandon's parents have blond hair. They passed down this trait to Brandon.", "Brandon's mother cuts his hair every month." ]	0	Read the description of a trait. Brandon has blond hair.	closed choice	grade3	natural science	biology	Heredity	Inherited and acquired traits: use evidence to support a statement	Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways. Inherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned. Acquired traits are gained during a person's lif...
	Which of the following was an independent variable in this experiment?	[ "the size of each dough ball", "the temperature where the dough was left to rise" ]	1	The passage below describes an experiment. Read the passage and think about the variables that are described. Michelle was learning to bake bread at home. Her first few batches of dough did not rise, or expand, as much as they should have. Michelle's mother noted that the kitchen was cold and suggested that the dough ...	closed choice	grade6	natural science	science-and-engineering-practices	Designing experiments	Identify independent and dependent variables	Experiments have variables, or parts that change. You can design an experiment to find out how one variable affects another variable. For example, imagine that you want to find out if fertilizer affects the number of tomatoes a tomato plant grows. To answer this question, you decide to set up two equal groups of tomato...
Not supported with pagination yet	What can seeds look like?	[ "Seeds are always round and black.", "Seeds are always small and flat.", "Seeds can come in many shapes, colors, and sizes." ]	2		closed choice	grade4	natural science	biology	Plants	Describe and construct flowering plant life cycles	Many plants have flowers. These plants can use their flowers to reproduce, or make new plants like themselves. How do plants use their flowers to reproduce? First, the male part of the flower makes pollen, and the female part makes eggs. Animals, wind, or water can move pollen. Pollination is what happens when pollen i...	Seeds can be big or small. This coconut seed is big. Seeds can be many different shapes. These maple seeds are long and flat. Seeds can be many different colors. These mustard seeds are yellow.
	What is the capital of Arizona?	[ "Tucson", "Cheyenne", "Carson City", "Phoenix" ]	3		closed choice	grade3	social science	geography	State capitals	Identify the 50 state capitals		Phoenix is the capital of Arizona.
	Which solution has a higher concentration of blue particles?	[ "Solution A", "neither; their concentrations are the same", "Solution B" ]	2	The diagram below is a model of two solutions. Each blue ball represents one particle of solute.	closed choice	grade8	natural science	chemistry	Solutions	Compare concentrations of solutions	A solution is made up of two or more substances that are completely mixed. In a solution, solute particles are mixed into a solvent. The solute cannot be separated from the solvent by a filter. For example, if you stir a spoonful of salt into a cup of water, the salt will mix into the water to make a saltwater solution...	In Solution A and Solution B, the blue particles represent the solute. To figure out which solution has a higher concentration of blue particles, look at both the number of blue particles and the volume of the solvent in each container. Use the concentration formula to find the number of blue particles per milliliter. ...
	Which country is highlighted?	[ "Australia", "the Marshall Islands", "Papua New Guinea", "New Zealand" ]	2		closed choice	grade8	social science	geography	Oceania: geography	Identify and select countries of Oceania		This country is Papua New Guinea. Why does Papua New Guinea share its island with another country? Papua New Guinea takes up the eastern half of the island of New Guinea. The western half is part of Indonesia, an Asian country. Beginning in the 17 th century, several countries took control of different parts of the isl...
	What is the name of the colony shown?	[ "Connecticut", "New York", "Massachusetts", "Tennessee" ]	2		closed choice	grade8	social science	us-history	Colonial America	Identify the Thirteen Colonies		The colony is Massachusetts. The Massachusetts Colony included land that would later become the state of Maine. Maine was never its own colony.
	Which of the following could Elise and Myra's test show?	[ "if the concrete from each batch took the same amount of time to dry", "if a new batch of concrete was firm enough to use" ]	1	People can use the engineering-design process to develop solutions to problems. One step in the process is testing if a potential solution meets the requirements of the design. The passage below describes how the engineering-design process was used to test a solution to a problem. Read the passage. Then answer the ques...	closed choice	grade6	natural science	science-and-engineering-practices	Engineering practices	Evaluate tests of engineering-design solutions	People can use the engineering-design process to develop solutions to problems. One step in the process is testing if a potential solution meets the requirements of the design. How can you determine what a test can show? You need to figure out what was tested and what was measured. Imagine an engineer needs to design a...
	Which of these states is farthest north?	[ "West Virginia", "Tennessee", "Florida", "Louisiana" ]	0		closed choice	grade2	social science	geography	Geography	Read a map: cardinal directions	Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west. A compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction. The north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north...	To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the north arrow is pointing. West Virginia is farthest north.
Not supported with pagination yet	What is the mass of a news magazine?	[ "10 ounces", "10 pounds", "10 tons" ]	0	Select the best estimate.	closed choice	grade4	natural science	units-and-measurement	Units and measurement	Choose customary units of mass	Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means. Mass is a measurement of how much matter something contains. There are many different units of mass. When you are using customary units, mass may be written with units of ounces, pounds, or ton...	The best estimate for the mass of a news magazine is 10 ounces. 10 pounds and 10 tons are both too heavy.
Not supported with pagination yet	Which change better matches the sentence? Pieces of rock and soil are washed away by water.	[ "earthquake", "erosion" ]	1		closed choice	grade2	natural science	earth-science	Earth events	Classify changes to Earth's surface
	Which of these continents does the prime meridian intersect?	[ "Africa", "Australia", "South America" ]	0		closed choice	grade4	social science	geography	Maps	Use lines of latitude and longitude	Lines of latitude and lines of longitude are imaginary lines drawn on some globes and maps. They can help you find places on globes and maps. Lines of latitude show how far north or south a place is. We use units called degrees to describe how far a place is from the equator. The equator is the line located at 0° latit...	The prime meridian is the line at 0° longitude. It intersects Africa. It does not intersect Australia or South America.
	What is the capital of North Dakota?	[ "Little Rock", "Fargo", "Bismarck", "Grand Rapids" ]	2		closed choice	grade4	social science	geography	State capitals	Identify state capitals of the Midwest		Bismarck is the capital of North Dakota.
Not supported with pagination yet	Which figure of speech is used in this text? If you're going to become true dodgeballers, then you've got to learn the five d's of dodgeball: dodge, duck, dip, dive and dodge! —Dodgeball: A True Underdog Story	[ "metaphor", "alliteration" ]	1		closed choice	grade7	language science	figurative-language	Literary devices	Classify figures of speech	Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive. Alliteration is the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words. What a lucky little lady you are! An allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from his...	The text uses alliteration, the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words. D's of dodgeball: dodge, duck, dip, dive and dodge repeats the d sound.
Not supported with pagination yet	What does the verbal irony in this text suggest? "This is the best day of my life," Mr. Mercado mumbled after his car broke down on the way to an important job interview.	[ "Mr. Mercado was already running late.", "Mr. Mercado was having a bad day." ]	1		closed choice	grade7	language science	figurative-language	Literary devices	Interpret figures of speech	Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive. Verbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic. Olivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking dow...	The text uses verbal irony, which involves saying one thing but implying something very different. The best day of my life ironically suggests that Mr. Mercado was having a bad day. He was having the opposite of a good day because his car broke down when he needed to be on time.
	Which country is highlighted?	[ "Palau", "Tuvalu", "Nauru", "Kiribati" ]	3		closed choice	grade8	social science	geography	Oceania: geography	Identify and select countries of Oceania		This country is Kiribati.
	Which country is highlighted?	[ "Cuba", "Jamaica", "Haiti", "Dominica" ]	1		closed choice	grade6	social science	geography	The Americas: geography	Identify and select countries of the Caribbean		This country is Jamaica.
	In this food chain, the diatom is a producer. Why?	[ "It eats another organism.", "It makes its own food.", "It eats a consumer." ]	1	This diagram shows a food chain from the River Frome, a freshwater ecosystem in England.	closed choice	grade5	natural science	biology	Ecosystems	Identify roles in food chains	Every organism needs food to stay alive. Organisms get their food in different ways. A food chain shows how organisms in an ecosystem get their food. The food chain begins with the producer. A producer can change matter that is not food into food. Many producers use carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight to make sugar. Ca...	In this food chain, the diatom is a producer because it makes its own food. The diatom uses carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight to make its own food.
Not supported with pagination yet	Is there a surplus or a shortage of stuffed elephants?	[ "surplus", "shortage" ]	1	A toy store has 40 stuffed elephants for sale. The elephants cost $25 each. At that price, 60 people want to buy one.	closed choice	grade5	social science	economics	Supply and demand	Identify shortage and surplus	There is a surplus if there is too much for sale at a given price. There is a shortage if there is not enough for sale at a given price. Surpluses and shortages usually happen when people who are selling goods or services charge too much or too little. When the price is too high, consumers will not want to buy much of ...	At the current price, there are not enough stuffed elephants for sale. There are 40 elephants for sale, but 60 people want to buy one. So, there is a shortage of stuffed elephants.
	Which rhetorical appeal is primarily used in this ad?	[ "ethos (character)", "pathos (emotion)", "logos (reason)" ]	1		closed choice	grade12	language science	writing-strategies	Persuasive strategies	Identify appeals to ethos, pathos, and logos in advertisements	The purpose of an advertisement is to persuade people to do something. To accomplish this purpose, advertisements use three types of persuasive strategies, or appeals. Appeals to ethos, or character, show the writer or speaker as trustworthy, authoritative, or sharing important values with the audience. An ad that appe...	The ad appeals to pathos, or emotion, by drawing on the reader's desire to stand out.
Not supported with pagination yet	Would you find the word hickory on a dictionary page with the following guide words? head - hurry	[ "yes", "no" ]	0		yes or no	grade4	language science	reference-skills	Reference skills	Use guide words	Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order. To put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second let...	Put the words in alphabetical order. Since hickory is between the guide words head - hurry, it would be found on that page.
	Which better describes the Coral Triangle ecosystem?	[ "It has water with not much salt. It also has only a few types of organisms.", "It has many different types of organisms. It also has shallow water." ]	1	Figure: Coral Triangle. The Coral Triangle is a tropical coral reef ecosystem in the western Pacific Ocean.	closed choice	grade3	natural science	biology	Ecosystems	Describe ecosystems	An ecosystem is formed when living and nonliving things interact in an environment. There are many types of ecosystems. Here are some ways in which ecosystems can differ from each other: the pattern of weather, or climate the type of soil or water the organisms that live there	A tropical coral reef is a type of ecosystem. Tropical coral reefs have the following features: shallow, salty water, bright sunlight, and many different types of organisms. So, the Coral Triangle has many different types of organisms. It also has shallow water.
	What is this trapdoor spider's scientific name?	[ "Aptostichus cabrillo", "Aptostichus stephencolberti" ]	1	This species of trapdoor spider lives in sand dunes on the coast of California. This species was discovered in 2007 and is named after the comedian Stephen Colbert.	closed choice	grade4	natural science	biology	Scientific names	Origins of scientific names	When a scientist identifies a new organism, he or she chooses its scientific name. Sometimes, an organism is named after the place where it was first found. Other times, an organism is named after the scientist who first identified it. Or, the scientific name might describe the organism's physical traits. Many of the w...	This organism's scientific name refers to Stephen Colbert. The word stephencolberti refers to Stephen Colbert. So, this trapdoor spider's scientific name is Aptostichus stephencolberti.
	What is the capital of Utah?	[ "Provo", "Salt Lake City", "Indianapolis", "Salem" ]	1		closed choice	grade5	social science	geography	State capitals	Identify state capitals of the West		Salt Lake City is the capital of Utah.
Not supported with pagination yet	What information supports the conclusion that Santiago inherited this trait?	[ "Santiago wears glasses and so do his sisters.", "Santiago's friend also has hazel eyes.", "Santiago's biological father wears contacts in his hazel eyes." ]	2	Read the description of a trait. Santiago has hazel eyes.	closed choice	grade7	natural science	biology	Genes to traits	Inherited and acquired traits: use evidence to support a statement	Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways. Inherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits....
	Which part of a moss plant produces spores?	[ "the sperm", "thin brown stalks" ]	1	This diagram shows the life cycle of a moss.	closed choice	grade7	natural science	biology	Plant reproduction	Moss and fern life cycles	Moss plants reproduce using both asexual reproduction and sexual reproduction. Moss plants use their male and female parts for sexual reproduction. The male parts produce sperm. Moss live in damp environments, and moss sperm can travel through water to the female parts. The sperm fuse with eggs in the female part. This...	A moss plant's thin brown stalks produce spores. The spores are released from the capsule at the top of the stalks. Sperm fuses with eggs to form fertilized eggs. Sperm do not produce spores.
	Which property do these four objects have in common?	[ "soft", "smooth", "shiny" ]	0	Select the best answer.	closed choice	grade5	natural science	physics	Materials	Compare properties of objects	An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it. Different objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups. Grouping objects...	Look at each object. For each object, decide if it has that property. A smooth object is not scratchy or rough. The stuffed dice are not smooth. A soft object changes shape when pressed or squeezed. All four objects are soft. A shiny object reflects a lot of light. You can usually see your reflection in a shiny object....
	Which property do these four objects have in common?	[ "salty", "sweet", "rough" ]	2	Select the best answer.	closed choice	grade5	natural science	physics	Materials	Compare properties of objects	An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it. Different objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups. Grouping objects...	Look at each object. For each object, decide if it has that property. A rough object feels scratchy when you touch it. All four objects are rough. Potato chips have a salty taste. The pineapple is not salty. Sugar has a sweet taste. The pineapple is sweet, but the rock are not. The property that all four objects have i...
	What is the name of the colony shown?	[ "North Carolina", "Indiana", "Virginia", "West Virginia" ]	2		closed choice	grade8	social science	us-history	Colonial America	Identify the Thirteen Colonies		The colony is Virginia. The Virginia Colony included land that would later become part of the state of West Virginia. West Virginia was never its own colony.
Not supported with pagination yet	Which word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words? hail - hound	[ "hunger", "hind" ]	1		closed choice	grade7	language science	reference-skills	Reference skills	Use guide words	Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order. To put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second let...	Put the words in alphabetical order. Since hind is between the guide words hail - hound, it would be found on that page.
	Which of the following could Nolan's test show?	[ "how well the weather station would work when it was windy", "if the weather station would work when the temperature was 50°C" ]	1	People can use the engineering-design process to develop solutions to problems. One step in the process is testing if a potential solution meets the requirements of the design. The passage below describes how the engineering-design process was used to test a solution to a problem. Read the passage. Then answer the ques...	closed choice	grade6	natural science	science-and-engineering-practices	Engineering practices	Evaluate tests of engineering-design solutions	People can use the engineering-design process to develop solutions to problems. One step in the process is testing if a potential solution meets the requirements of the design. How can you determine what a test can show? You need to figure out what was tested and what was measured. Imagine an engineer needs to design a...
Not supported with pagination yet	What does the verbal irony in this text suggest? After a jog around the block, Katie collapsed on the couch and declared with a wheeze, "Well, I'm ready to run a marathon."	[ "Katie felt full of energy.", "Katie was out of shape." ]	1		closed choice	grade10	language science	figurative-language	Literary devices	Interpret figures of speech	Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive. Verbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic. Olivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking dow...	The text uses verbal irony, which involves saying one thing but implying something very different. Ready to run a marathon ironically suggests that Katie was out of shape. She was actually far from ready to run a marathon.
Not supported with pagination yet	What is the volume of a water balloon?	[ "600 milliliters", "600 liters" ]	0	Select the better estimate.	closed choice	grade4	natural science	units-and-measurement	Units and measurement	Choose metric units of volume	Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means. Volume is a measurement of how much space something takes up. There are many different units of volume. When you are using metric units, volume may be written in units of milliliters or liters....	The better estimate for the volume of a water balloon is 600 milliliters. 600 liters is too much.
	Which ocean is highlighted?	[ "the Atlantic Ocean", "the Indian Ocean", "the Arctic Ocean", "the Southern Ocean" ]	0		closed choice	grade8	social science	geography	Physical Geography	Oceans and continents	Oceans are huge bodies of salt water. The world has five oceans. All of the oceans are connected, making one world ocean.	This is the Atlantic Ocean.
	Based on the arrows, which of the following living things is a consumer?	[ "kelp", "plainfin midshipman" ]	1	Below is a food web from an ocean ecosystem. The ecosystem is in Monterey Bay, off the coast of California. A food web is a model that shows how the matter eaten by living things moves through an ecosystem. The arrows show how matter moves through the food web.	closed choice	grade3	natural science	biology	Ecosystems	Interpret food webs	A food web is a model. Models can make things in nature easier to understand. Models can be simpler than the things they represent. A food web is a model that shows where living things in an ecosystem get their food. If a food web showed every living thing in an ecosystem, the food web would be hard to understand. So, ...	Consumers eat other living things. So, there are arrows in a food web that point from other living things to consumers. The plainfin midshipman has arrows pointing to it from the phytoplankton and the zooplankton. So, the plainfin midshipman is a consumer. The kelp does not have any arrows pointing to it. So, the kelp ...
Not supported with pagination yet	Which tense does the sentence use? Lily will print her name with care.	[ "past tense", "future tense", "present tense" ]	1		closed choice	grade2	language science	verbs	Verb tense	Is the sentence in the past, present, or future tense?	Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now. Most present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es. Two verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms. Past tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened. Mo...	The sentence is in future tense. You can tell because it uses will before the main verb, print. The verb tells you about something that is going to happen.
Not supported with pagination yet	Which logical fallacy is used in the text? You may be impressed by Senator Carter's work with low-income communities, but the fact remains that he graduated from an elite university. He couldn't possibly empathize with low-income constituents.	[ "guilt by association: a negative association intended to discredit someone or something", "appeal to nature: the assumption that natural things are always good", "straw man: a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against" ]	0		closed choice	grade11	language science	writing-strategies	Developing and supporting arguments	Classify logical fallacies	A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions. A logical fal...	The text argues that Senator Carter can't empathize with his low-income constituents because he went to an elite university. However, going to an elite university doesn't necessarily mean you're out of touch. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as guilt by association.
	Which country is highlighted?	[ "Tuvalu", "Palau", "the Federated States of Micronesia", "Australia" ]	1		closed choice	grade8	social science	geography	Oceania: geography	Identify and select countries of Oceania		This country is Palau.
	Which country is highlighted?	[ "Vanuatu", "Tonga", "Fiji", "Solomon Islands" ]	2		closed choice	grade6	social science	geography	Oceania: geography	Identify and select countries of Oceania		This country is Fiji.
Not supported with pagination yet	What is the mass of a vacuum cleaner?	[ "7 kilograms", "7 grams" ]	0	Select the better estimate.	closed choice	grade5	natural science	units-and-measurement	Units and measurement	Choose metric units of mass	Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means. Mass is a measurement of how much matter something contains. There are many different units of mass. When you are using metric units, mass may be written with units of grams or kilograms. There...	The better estimate for the mass of a vacuum cleaner is 7 kilograms. 7 grams is too light.
Not supported with pagination yet	Which closing is correct for a letter?	[ "Best wishes,\nCarmen", "best wishes,\nCarmen" ]	0		closed choice	grade2	language science	capitalization	Capitalization	Greetings and closings of letters	A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue. Dear Aunt Sue, I'm glad you could come to my party, and thank you for the birthday gift. I could not have asked for a better one! Every time I...	The second closing is correct: Its first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma.
Not supported with pagination yet	Last year, 50,000 people lived in the city of Westford. But since then, 8,000 people have moved away. What probably happened to the overall supply of houses for sale in Westford?	[ "The supply probably went up.", "The supply probably went down." ]	0		closed choice	grade6	social science	economics	Supply and demand	Understand overall supply and demand	Overall supply is the total amount of a good or service that producers make and sell. There are several things that can make overall supply go up or down. The table below shows how changes to these things might affect overall supply. \| Resources \| Number of producers or suppliers \| Expected change in demand Supply goe...	The population of Westford fell by 8,000 people. Many of the people who have left are probably trying to sell their houses. Since more people are trying to sell their houses, the number of suppliers of houses for sale in Westford has gone up. So, the supply of houses for sale probably went up, too.
Not supported with pagination yet	Which figure of speech is used in this text? Reba, please stay away from the ocean. You shouldn't go in the water until you know how to swim.	[ "euphemism", "paradox" ]	1		closed choice	grade12	language science	figurative-language	Literary devices	Classify the figure of speech: euphemism, hyperbole, oxymoron, paradox	Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive. A euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic. The head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off. Hyperb...	The text uses a paradox, a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth. You shouldn't go in the water until you know how to swim at first appears to be contradictory, because it is impossible to learn how to swim without going in the water. However, it contains some...
	What is the direction of this pull?	[ "toward the giraffe", "away from the giraffe" ]	0	A hungry giraffe pulls a leaf into her mouth.	closed choice	grade2	natural science	physics	Force and motion	Identify pushes and pulls	One object can make another object move with a push or a pull. The direction of a push is away from the object that is pushing. The direction of a pull is toward the object that is pulling.	The hungry giraffe pulls a leaf toward herself. She's ready to eat! The direction of the pull is toward the giraffe.
Not supported with pagination yet	Which change best matches the sentence? Water builds up in a city after heavy rain.	[ "flood", "wildfire", "earthquake" ]	0		closed choice	grade3	natural science	earth-science	Earth events	Classify changes to Earth's surface I
Not supported with pagination yet	Which logical fallacy is used in the text? Everyone I know is making fruit smoothies for quick, portable meals, so smoothies must be really good for you.	[ "hasty generalization: a very broad claim based on very little evidence", "bandwagon fallacy: the assumption that the popular choice is automatically correct" ]	1		closed choice	grade6	language science	writing-strategies	Developing and supporting arguments	Classify logical fallacies	A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions. A logical fal...	The text argues that fruit smoothies are good for you, because many people are drinking them. However, even though some people are drinking them, that doesn't necessarily mean that smoothies are necessarily healthful. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as the bandwagon fallacy.
Not supported with pagination yet	Based on this information, what is this plant's phenotype for the pod color trait?	[ "green pods", "yellow pods" ]	1	In a group of pea plants, some individuals have green pods and others have yellow pods. In this group, the gene for the pod color trait has two alleles. The allele for green pods (D) is dominant over the allele for yellow pods (d). A certain pea plant from this group has the homozygous genotype dd for the pod color gen...	closed choice	grade6	natural science	biology	Genes to traits	Genetics vocabulary: dominant and recessive	All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different ...	The pea plant's genotype for the pod color gene is dd. The pea plant's genotype of dd has only d alleles. The d allele is for yellow pods. So, the pea plant's phenotype for the pod color trait must be yellow pods. To check this answer, consider whether the pea plant's alleles are dominant or recessive. The allele for g...
	Which country is highlighted?	[ "Tuvalu", "the Federated States of Micronesia", "Palau", "Fiji" ]	2		closed choice	grade7	social science	geography	Oceania: geography	Identify and select countries of Oceania		This country is Palau.
	What is the capital of Hawaii?	[ "Pierre", "Hilo", "Saint Louis", "Honolulu" ]	3		closed choice	grade3	social science	geography	State capitals	Identify the 50 state capitals		Honolulu is the capital of Hawaii.
	What is the capital of New York?	[ "Carson City", "Albany", "Annapolis", "Augusta" ]	1		closed choice	grade4	social science	geography	State capitals	Identify state capitals of the Northeast		Albany is the capital of New York.
Not supported with pagination yet	Based on this information, what is this rainbow trout's phenotype for the body color trait?	[ "Bb", "a greenish-brown body" ]	1	In a group of rainbow trout, some individuals have a greenish-brown body and others have a blue body. In this group, the gene for the body color trait has two alleles. The allele B is for a greenish-brown body, and the allele b is for a blue body. A certain rainbow trout from this group has a greenish-brown body. This ...	closed choice	grade8	natural science	biology	Genes to traits	Genetics vocabulary: genotype and phenotype	All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different ...	An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait. The rainbow trout's observable version of the body color trait is a greenish-brown body. So, the trout's phenotype for the body color trait is a greenish-brown body.
	Identify the question that Kenji's experiment can best answer.	[ "Do more bacteria grow in liquid with cinnamon than in liquid without cinnamon?", "Does temperature affect how much bacteria can grow in liquid?" ]	0	The passage below describes an experiment. Read the passage and then follow the instructions below. Kenji mixed bacteria into a nutrient-rich liquid where the bacteria could grow. He poured four ounces of the mixture into each of ten glass flasks. In five of the ten flasks, he also added one teaspoon of cinnamon. He a...	closed choice	grade8	natural science	science-and-engineering-practices	Designing experiments	Identify the experimental question	Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. How can you identify the questions that a certain experiment can answer? In order to do this, you need to figure out what was tested and what was measured during the experiment. Imagine an experiment with two groups of daffodil plants. One group of plants was gr...
	Which better describes the Kibale National Forest ecosystem?	[ "It has year-round warm temperatures. It also has soil that is poor in nutrients.", "It has soil that is poor in nutrients. It also has only a few types of organisms." ]	0	Figure: Kibale National Forest. Kibale National Forest is a tropical rain forest ecosystem in Uganda, a country in eastern Africa.	closed choice	grade4	natural science	biology	Ecosystems	Describe ecosystems	An environment includes all of the biotic, or living, and abiotic, or nonliving, things in an area. An ecosystem is created by the relationships that form among the biotic and abiotic parts of an environment. There are many different types of terrestrial, or land-based, ecosystems. Here are some ways in which terrestri...	A tropical rain forest is a type of ecosystem. Tropical rain forests have the following features: year-round rain and warm temperatures, soil that is poor in nutrients, and many different types of organisms. So, Kibale National Forest has year-round warm temperatures. It also has soil that is poor in nutrients.
Not supported with pagination yet	What information supports the conclusion that Henry acquired this trait?	[ "Henry won a competition at his school with his jump rope tricks.", "Henry's sister taught him how to do tricks with a jump rope.", "Henry has three jump ropes, each made of a different material." ]	1	Read the description of a trait. Henry knows how to do tricks with a jump rope.	closed choice	grade7	natural science	biology	Genes to traits	Inherited and acquired traits: use evidence to support a statement	Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways. Inherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits....
	What is the name of the colony shown?	[ "New York", "Vermont", "Michigan", "Indiana" ]	0		closed choice	grade5	social science	us-history	English colonies in North America	Identify the Thirteen Colonies		The colony is New York. During the colonial era, New Hampshire and New York both claimed the territory that would later become the state of Vermont. Vermont was never its own colony.
Not supported with pagination yet	The city of Lexington has been one of the world's biggest makers of cough drops for many years. But last month, Lexington's cough drop factories were destroyed by floods. What will probably happen to the overall supply of cough drops?	[ "The supply will probably go up.", "The supply will probably go down." ]	1		closed choice	grade6	social science	economics	Supply and demand	Understand overall supply and demand	Overall supply is the total amount of a good or service that producers make and sell. There are several things that can make overall supply go up or down. The table below shows how changes to these things might affect overall supply. \| Resources \| Number of producers or suppliers \| Expected change in demand Supply goe...	Floods destroyed the cough drop factories in Lexington. The number of producers of cough drops went down. So, the supply of cough drops will probably go down.
	Think about the magnetic force between the magnets in each pair. Which of the following statements is true?	[ "The magnetic force is weaker in Pair 1.", "The strength of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs.", "The magnetic force is weaker in Pair 2." ]	2	The images below show two pairs of magnets. The magnets in different pairs do not affect each other. All the magnets shown are made of the same material.	closed choice	grade3	natural science	physics	Magnets	Compare strengths of magnetic forces	Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces. The stronger the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other. You c...	Distance affects the strength of the magnetic force. When magnets are farther apart, the magnetic force between them is weaker. The magnets in Pair 2 are farther apart than the magnets in Pair 1. So, the magnetic force is weaker in Pair 2 than in Pair 1.
Not supported with pagination yet	Compare the motion of two humpback whales. Which humpback whale was moving at a lower speed?	[ "a humpback whale that moved 60kilometers in 10hours", "a humpback whale that moved 30kilometers in 10hours" ]	1		closed choice	grade2	natural science	physics	Force and motion	Compare the speeds of moving objects	An object's speed tells you how fast the object is moving. Speed depends on both distance and time. Distance tells you how far the object has moved. One unit used to measure distance is the kilometer. Time tells you how long the object has spent moving. One unit used to measure time is the hour. Think about two objects...	Look at the distance each humpback whale moved and the time it took to move that distance. One humpback whale moved 30 kilometers in 10 hours. The other humpback whale moved 60 kilometers in 10 hours. Notice that each humpback whale spent the same amount of time moving. The humpback whale that moved 30 kilometers moved...
	Think about the magnetic force between the magnets in each pair. Which of the following statements is true?	[ "The magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller in Pair 2.", "The magnitude of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs.", "The magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller in Pair 1." ]	0	The images below show two pairs of magnets. The magnets in different pairs do not affect each other. All the magnets shown are made of the same material, but some of them are different shapes.	closed choice	grade5	natural science	physics	Magnets	Compare magnitudes of magnetic forces	Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces. The strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets,...	The magnets in Pair 1 attract. The magnets in Pair 2 repel. But whether the magnets attract or repel affects only the direction of the magnetic force. It does not affect the magnitude of the magnetic force. Distance affects the magnitude of the magnetic force. When there is a greater distance between magnets, the magni...
	Think about the magnetic force between the magnets in each pair. Which of the following statements is true?	[ "The magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller in Pair 2.", "The magnitude of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs.", "The magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller in Pair 1." ]	0	The images below show two pairs of magnets. The magnets in different pairs do not affect each other. All the magnets shown are made of the same material.	closed choice	grade7	natural science	physics	Velocity, acceleration, and forces	Compare magnitudes of magnetic forces	Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces. The strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets,...	The magnets in Pair 1 attract. The magnets in Pair 2 repel. But whether the magnets attract or repel affects only the direction of the magnetic force. It does not affect the magnitude of the magnetic force. Distance affects the magnitude of the magnetic force. When there is a greater distance between magnets, the magni...
	What is the capital of Colorado?	[ "Denver", "Salem", "Olympia", "Charleston" ]	0		closed choice	grade4	social science	geography	State capitals	Identify the 50 state capitals		Denver is the capital of Colorado.
	What does pollen help a plant do?	[ "grow bigger", "make seeds", "grow new leaves" ]	1	The male part of a flower makes pollen.	closed choice	grade4	natural science	biology	Plants	Describe and construct flowering plant life cycles	Many plants have flowers. These plants can use their flowers to reproduce, or make new plants like themselves. How do plants use their flowers to reproduce? First, the male part of the flower makes pollen, and the female part makes eggs. Animals, wind, or water can move pollen. Pollination is what happens when pollen i...	Pollen helps the flower make seeds. After pollination, sperm cells from the pollen can combine with the eggs. These fertilized eggs can grow into seeds. Pollen does not help a plant grow bigger or grow leaves.
	Which solution has a higher concentration of blue particles?	[ "neither; their concentrations are the same", "Solution A", "Solution B" ]	2	The diagram below is a model of two solutions. Each blue ball represents one particle of solute.	closed choice	grade7	natural science	chemistry	Solutions	Compare concentrations of solutions	A solution is made up of two or more substances that are completely mixed. In a solution, solute particles are mixed into a solvent. The solute cannot be separated from the solvent by a filter. For example, if you stir a spoonful of salt into a cup of water, the salt will mix into the water to make a saltwater solution...	In Solution A and Solution B, the blue particles represent the solute. To figure out which solution has a higher concentration of blue particles, look at both the number of blue particles and the volume of the solvent in each container. Use the concentration formula to find the number of blue particles per milliliter. ...
Not supported with pagination yet	Which logical fallacy is used in the text? Mayor Goodman wants to create more bicycle lanes in Milford. However, many citizens of Milford live far from work. It would not be realistic to force us to give up our cars and bike everywhere.	[ "bandwagon fallacy: the assumption that the popular choice is automatically correct", "circular reasoning: an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself", "straw man: a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against" ]	2		closed choice	grade12	language science	writing-strategies	Developing and supporting arguments	Classify logical fallacies	A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions. A logical fal...	The text argues that Mayor Goodman wants people to give up their cars. However, this misrepresents Mayor Goodman's argument. Mayor Goodman only wants to create more bike lanes. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as a straw man.
	Look at the models of molecules below. Select the elementary substance.	[ "fluoromethanol", "bromine", "cyclopropane" ]	1		closed choice	grade6	natural science	chemistry	Atoms and molecules	Identify elementary substances and compounds using models	There are more than 100 different chemical elements, or types of atoms. Chemical elements make up all of the substances around you. A substance may be composed of one chemical element or multiple chemical elements. Substances that are composed of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are ...
Not supported with pagination yet	Which text uses the word disinterested in its traditional sense?	[ "Myra is happy with her position as class treasurer. Though she would have the support of the student council, she is disinterested in running for student body president.", "Myra is excellent in her position as class treasurer. She always manages to be disinterested in student council debates about the allocation...	1		closed choice	grade12	language science	writing-strategies	Word usage and nuance	Explore words with new or contested usages	Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner. When a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be...	The first text uses disinterested in its traditional sense: unbiased or impartial. Myra is excellent in her position as class treasurer. She always manages to be disinterested in student council debates about the allocation of extracurricular funds. The second text uses disinterested in its nontraditional sense: uninte...
	What is the capital of Delaware?	[ "Trenton", "Raleigh", "Wilmington", "Dover" ]	3		closed choice	grade5	social science	geography	State capitals	Identify state capitals of the Northeast		Dover is the capital of Delaware.
	Which trait did Stenophlebia have? Select the trait you can observe on the fossil.	[ "a long, thin body", "thin legs" ]	0	This picture shows a fossil of an ancient insect called Stenophlebia. Fossils of Stenophlebia have been found in rocks that are more than 140,000,000 years old.	closed choice	grade3	natural science	earth-science	Fossils	Compare fossils to modern organisms	The way an organism looks or acts is called a trait. Scientists use fossils to learn more about the traits of ancient organisms. Fossils can preserve the remains of body parts and activities. A fossil of a body part, such as a tail or a wing, can tell you what an organism looked like. A fossil of an organism's activiti...
	What is the capital of Rhode Island?	[ "Providence", "Albany", "Newport", "Augusta" ]	0		closed choice	grade3	social science	geography	State capitals	Identify state capitals of the Northeast		Providence is the capital of Rhode Island.
Not supported with pagination yet	Which word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words? thin - trouble	[ "tug", "to" ]	1		closed choice	grade8	language science	reference-skills	Reference skills	Use guide words	Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order. To put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second let...	Put the words in alphabetical order. Since to is between the guide words thin - trouble, it would be found on that page.
Not supported with pagination yet	Would you find the word album on a dictionary page with the following guide words? ache - anxiety	[ "yes", "no" ]	0		yes or no	grade7	language science	reference-skills	Reference skills	Use guide words	Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order. To put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second let...	Put the words in alphabetical order. Since album is between the guide words ache - anxiety, it would be found on that page.
Not supported with pagination yet	Select the plant.	[ "Cypress trees have green leaves.", "Lionfish swim underwater." ]	0		closed choice	grade2	natural science	biology	Classification	Identify plants and animals	Plants and animals are living things. Living things are called organisms. Plants come in many shapes and sizes. Most plants grow in the ground. They might grow leaves, flowers, and fruit. Plants cannot move around on their own like animals can. Animals also come in many shapes and sizes. Most animals can move around. A...	A lionfish is an animal. It swims underwater. Lionfish have poisonous venom on the tips of their fins. This poison helps protect lionfish from predators. A cypress tree is a plant. It has green leaves. The leaves of cypress trees are called needles.
Not supported with pagination yet	What do these two changes have in common? compost rotting cooking a pancake	[ "Both are caused by heating.", "Both are only physical changes.", "Both are chemical changes.", "Both are caused by cooling." ]	2		closed choice	grade3	natural science	chemistry	Physical and chemical change	Compare physical and chemical changes	Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change. In a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different. Some chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change c...	Step 1: Think about each change. Compost forms from the remains of plants and animals, such as vegetable scraps and egg shells. Compost rotting is a chemical change. As the compost rots, it breaks down and turns into a different type of matter. Cooking a pancake is a chemical change. Pancakes are made from pancake batt...
Not supported with pagination yet	Complete the sentence. In this chemical reaction, gasoline is a ().	[ "reactant", "product" ]	0	This passage describes a chemical reaction. Read the passage. Then, follow the instructions below. Gasoline provides the energy that powers many car engines. In an engine, gasoline and oxygen are mixed together and burned, creating carbon dioxide gas and water vapor. This process releases energy that the engine uses to...	closed choice	grade7	natural science	chemistry	Chemical reactions	Identify reactants and products	A chemical change occurs when new substances are formed from existing substances. This process is called a chemical reaction. In a chemical reaction, one or more substances change into one or more different substances. During the reaction, the atoms of the original substances are rearranged to form other substances. Th...	Read the underlined text carefully. Look for information about what happens to gasoline in this chemical reaction. Gasoline provides the energy that powers many car engines. In an engine, gasoline and oxygen are mixed together and burned, creating carbon dioxide gas and water vapor. This process releases energy that th...
Not supported with pagination yet	Which tense does the sentence use? The clown jumps through the ring.	[ "future tense", "present tense", "past tense" ]	1		closed choice	grade2	language science	verbs	Verb tense	Is the sentence in the past, present, or future tense?	Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now. Most present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es. Two verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms. Past tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened. Mo...	The sentence is in present tense. You can tell because it uses a present-tense verb, jumps. The verb ends in -s and tells you about something that is true or happening now.
	What is the name of the colony shown?	[ "Georgia", "Alabama", "Virginia", "Michigan" ]	0		closed choice	grade7	social science	us-history	Colonial America	Identify the Thirteen Colonies		The colony is Georgia.
	Which material is this sandwich bag made of?	[ "plastic", "cotton" ]	0		closed choice	grade2	natural science	physics	Materials	Identify materials in objects	A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials.	Look at the picture of the sandwich bag. The bag is made of plastic.
Not supported with pagination yet	What kind of sentence is this? Never reveal the four-digit PIN that you use to make ATM transactions.	[ "exclamatory", "interrogative", "imperative" ]	2		closed choice	grade9	language science	punctuation	Sentences, fragments, and run-ons	Is the sentence declarative, interrogative, imperative, or exclamatory?	There are four kinds of sentences. A declarative sentence is a statement and always ends with a period. The nurse told Mr. Abrams to roll up his sleeve so that she could check his blood pressure. An imperative sentence makes a request or a demand and usually ends with a period. If a demand shows strong feeling, it can ...	The sentence makes a demand, so it is an imperative sentence. Here, it ends with a period.
Not supported with pagination yet	What information supports the conclusion that Caden inherited this trait?	[ "Caden's mother has blue eyes. She passed this trait down to Caden.", "Caden likes to wear a blue sweater to match his blue eyes." ]	0	Read the description of a trait. Caden has blue eyes.	closed choice	grade6	natural science	biology	Genes to traits	Inherited and acquired traits: use evidence to support a statement	Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways. Inherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits....
Not supported with pagination yet	Which greeting is correct for a letter?	[ "Dear uncle scott,", "Dear Uncle Scott," ]	1		closed choice	grade2	language science	capitalization	Capitalization	Greetings and closings of letters	A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue. Dear Aunt Sue, I'm glad you could come to my party, and thank you for the birthday gift. I could not have asked for a better one! Every time I...	The first greeting is correct: Its first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma. Uncle Scott is capitalized because it is a proper noun.
	Which area voted for Lincoln?	[ "the Northeast", "the South" ]	0	In the 1860 election, the Republican party nominated Abraham Lincoln for president. Meanwhile, the Democrats could not decide on one candidate. Look at the 1860 election map. Then answer the question below.	closed choice	grade4	social science	us-history	The Civil War and Reconstruction	The Civil War: the beginning of the war
Not supported with pagination yet	Which change better matches the sentence? The trees in a forest catch fire and burn.	[ "volcanic eruption", "wildfire" ]	1		closed choice	grade2	natural science	earth-science	Earth events	Classify changes to Earth's surface
	Which solution has a higher concentration of purple particles?	[ "Solution B", "neither; their concentrations are the same", "Solution A" ]	0	The diagram below is a model of two solutions. Each purple ball represents one particle of solute.	closed choice	grade7	natural science	chemistry	Solutions	Compare concentrations of solutions	A solution is made up of two or more substances that are completely mixed. In a solution, solute particles are mixed into a solvent. The solute cannot be separated from the solvent by a filter. For example, if you stir a spoonful of salt into a cup of water, the salt will mix into the water to make a saltwater solution...	In Solution A and Solution B, the purple particles represent the solute. To figure out which solution has a higher concentration of purple particles, look at both the number of purple particles and the volume of the solvent in each container. Use the concentration formula to find the number of purple particles per mill...
Not supported with pagination yet	What do these two changes have in common? carving a piece of wood ice melting in a cup	[ "Both are caused by heating.", "Both are caused by cooling.", "Both are only physical changes.", "Both are chemical changes." ]	2		closed choice	grade8	natural science	chemistry	Chemical reactions	Compare physical and chemical changes	Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule. In a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter bef...	Step 1: Think about each change. Carving a piece of wood is a physical change. The wood changes shape, but it is still made of the same type of matter. Ice melting in a cup is a change of state. So, it is a physical change. The solid ice becomes liquid, but it is still made of water. The links between atoms in the wate...
Not supported with pagination yet	Which logical fallacy is used in the text? My dentist recommends this toothpaste brand, but I'm reluctant to take the advice of someone with such bad taste. He has truly ugly art on the office walls, and the upholstery in his waiting room is atrocious.	[ "hasty generalization: a broad claim based on too few observations", "appeal to nature: the assumption that natural things are always good", "ad hominem: an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself" ]	2		closed choice	grade12	language science	writing-strategies	Developing and supporting arguments	Classify logical fallacies	A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions. A logical fal...	The text argues that the dentist's professional recommendation is questionable because of his taste in art and furniture. This is a personal attack on the dentist that isn't relevant to whether his professional advice is valid. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as ad hominem.
Not supported with pagination yet	Which of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?	[ "The nurse examined the patient as soon as she arrived.", "The nurse examined the patient as soon as the patient arrived." ]	0		closed choice	grade7	language science	writing-strategies	Pronouns and antecedents	Identify vague pronoun references	When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent. When Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief. The pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear. Vagu...	The second answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun she could refer to the nurse or the patient. The first answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. She has been replaced with the patient. The nurse examined the patient as soon as the patient arrived.
Not supported with pagination yet	Which closing is correct for a letter?	[ "sincerely,\nHarry", "Sincerely,\nHarry" ]	1		closed choice	grade2	language science	capitalization	Capitalization	Greetings and closings of letters	A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue. Dear Aunt Sue, I'm glad you could come to my party, and thank you for the birthday gift. I could not have asked for a better one! Every time I...	The first closing is correct: Its first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma.
Not supported with pagination yet	What kind of sentence is this? Evan campaigned tirelessly in support of his neighbor's bid for elective office.	[ "declarative", "interrogative", "exclamatory" ]	0		closed choice	grade9	language science	punctuation	Sentences, fragments, and run-ons	Is the sentence declarative, interrogative, imperative, or exclamatory?	There are four kinds of sentences. A declarative sentence is a statement and always ends with a period. The nurse told Mr. Abrams to roll up his sleeve so that she could check his blood pressure. An imperative sentence makes a request or a demand and usually ends with a period. If a demand shows strong feeling, it can ...	The sentence is a statement and ends with a period. It is a declarative sentence.
Not supported with pagination yet	Is a toaster a good or a service?	[ "a service", "a good" ]	1		closed choice	grade3	social science	economics	Basic economic principles	Goods and services	Everything you can buy is either a good or a service. A good is something you can touch or hold in your hands. For example, a hammer is a good. A service is a job you pay someone else to do. For example, cooking food in a restaurant is a service.	To decide whether a toaster is a good or a service, ask these questions: Is a toaster something you can touch? Yes. Is a toaster a job you might pay someone else to do? No. So, a toaster is a good.
	Which solution has a higher concentration of yellow particles?	[ "Solution B", "Solution A", "neither; their concentrations are the same" ]	1	The diagram below is a model of two solutions. Each yellow ball represents one particle of solute.	closed choice	grade7	natural science	chemistry	Solutions	Compare concentrations of solutions	A solution is made up of two or more substances that are completely mixed. In a solution, solute particles are mixed into a solvent. The solute cannot be separated from the solvent by a filter. For example, if you stir a spoonful of salt into a cup of water, the salt will mix into the water to make a saltwater solution...	In Solution A and Solution B, the yellow particles represent the solute. To figure out which solution has a higher concentration of yellow particles, look at both the number of yellow particles and the volume of the solvent in each container. Use the concentration formula to find the number of yellow particles per mill...
Not supported with pagination yet	Which word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words? celebrate - cobbler	[ "chair", "crocodile" ]	0		closed choice	grade8	language science	reference-skills	Reference skills	Use guide words	Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order. To put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second let...	Put the words in alphabetical order. Since chair is between the guide words celebrate - cobbler, it would be found on that page.
	Which country is highlighted?	[ "Trinidad and Tobago", "Barbados", "Dominica", "The Bahamas" ]	3		closed choice	grade6	social science	geography	The Americas: geography	Identify and select countries of the Caribbean		This country is The Bahamas.
Not supported with pagination yet	Which word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words? taxi - tie	[ "trestle", "therefore" ]	1		closed choice	grade3	language science	reference-skills	Reference skills	Use guide words	Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order. To put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second let...	Put the words in alphabetical order. Since therefore is between the guide words taxi - tie, it would be found on that page.
Not supported with pagination yet	Select the one animal that has all of the monotreme traits listed above.	[ "Echidnas are covered in fur and spines. Their spines help protect them from predators. When an echidna is scared, it curls up into a ball! Echidnas lay eggs and feed their offspring milk.", "Adult tiger salamanders have moist, smooth skin with stripes. They live in burrows underground, but they begin their lives...	0	Monotremes are a group of animals with similar traits. The following traits can be used to identify monotremes: They make eggs with shells. They have fur or hair. Observe the animals and read the descriptions.	closed choice	grade5	natural science	biology	Classification	Use evidence to classify animals	Scientists sort animals with similar traits into groups. This is called classification. Classification helps scientists learn about how animals live. How do scientists classify animals? First, they make observations about an animal. Scientists observe the animal's traits, including its body parts and behavior. Then, sc...	To decide if an animal is part of a group, look at the traits of the group. Monotremes have the following traits: They make eggs with shells. They have fur or hair. Compare each animal's traits to the group's traits. Select the animal with traits similar to the group's traits. An echidna has the following traits: It ma...
Not supported with pagination yet	Is this a run-on sentence? Overcome with joy, Mrs. Fischer told her husband the exciting news about her promotion.	[ "yes", "no" ]	1		yes or no	grade12	language science	writing-strategies	Sentences, fragments, and run-ons	Identify run-on sentences	A sentence is a group of words that expresses a complete thought. The band I'm in has been rehearsing daily because we have a concert in two weeks. A run-on sentence is formed when two sentences are run together, joined by just a comma or by no punctuation at all. If only a comma is used, the run-on is called a comma s...	This is not a run-on sentence. It is not formed from two sentences that have been run together without appropriate punctuation. Overcome with joy, Mrs. Fischer told her husband the exciting news about her promotion.
Not supported with pagination yet	What is the mass of a guitar?	[ "7 tons", "7 ounces", "7 pounds" ]	2	Select the best estimate.	closed choice	grade4	natural science	units-and-measurement	Units and measurement	Choose customary units of mass	Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means. Mass is a measurement of how much matter something contains. There are many different units of mass. When you are using customary units, mass may be written with units of ounces, pounds, or ton...	The best estimate for the mass of a guitar is 7 pounds. 7 ounces is too light and 7 tons is too heavy.
	Which of these cities is marked on the map?	[ "Atlanta", "Houston", "New Orleans", "Memphis" ]	3		closed choice	grade4	social science	geography	Cities	Cities of the Southeast		The city is Memphis, Tennessee. New Orleans, Houston, and Atlanta are marked with gray circles on the map below.
	Which country is highlighted?	[ "Cuba", "Haiti", "Jamaica", "Trinidad and Tobago" ]	2		closed choice	grade6	social science	geography	The Americas: geography	Identify and select countries of the Caribbean		This country is Jamaica.

Subsets and Splits

Validation Subject & Topic Summary

Reveals the distribution and count of images across different subjects, topics, and categories, highlighting the most prevalent combinations.

SQL Console for derek-thomas/ScienceQA

This query provides a balanced sample of entries across different topics where images are missing, allowing for a more representative analysis of text-only data.

SQL Console for derek-thomas/ScienceQA

This query provides a balanced sample of text entries across different topics, ensuring that each topic is proportionally represented, which is useful for further analysis or model training.

Random Sample by Topic Ratio

This query balances the dataset by randomly selecting a proportional number of items from each topic to create a balanced subset of 3000 items, revealing how well-represented each topic is in the dataset.

Topic Counts by Grade

Provides a breakdown of the number of questions by topic (physics, chemistry, biology, geography) for each grade level, revealing the distribution of question types.

Validation Category Counts

Counts the number of unique questions per category, helping to understand the distribution of questions across different categories.

SQL Console for derek-thomas/ScienceQA

Identifies categories, questions, and answers that appear more than four times in the validation dataset with images, highlighting common or repetitive entries.

ScienceQA Validation Grouped Data

Provides a count of images and overall occurrences for each combination of subject, topic, category, and answer, helping to identify popular or common configurations.

Train Data with Numeric Choices

This query identifies distinct rows in the dataset where one of the elements in the choices column contains a number and the image column is null, providing insight into data completeness and specific patterns in the choices.

Physics Train with Images and Lectures

Retrieves physics educational records with images and lectures for specific grade levels, providing basic filtering but offering limited analytical insight beyond data availability.

Physics Q&As with Images

Retrieves physics-related training examples with images for specific grade levels, providing basic filtered data but offering limited analytical insight beyond simple categorization.

Physics Questions Gr 2-6 With Images

Retrieves physics-related test items with images for specific grade levels, providing basic filtered data but offering limited analytical insights beyond simple data retrieval.

Filter Text-only Train Questions

Retrieves questions and related metadata from the dataset excluding those with images, offering basic data filtering.

Skills Without Images

Counts the number of skills where the image is missing, providing a basic overview of incomplete data.