q_id stringlengths 6 6 | title stringlengths 4 294 | selftext stringlengths 0 2.48k | category stringclasses 1
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fcdf3v | What is Perfect Forward Secrecy and how does it work? Is it really perfect secrecy in practice?? | I keep on reading about Perfect Forward Secrecy. Can someone ELI5 what it is and how it works?? Also is it really perfect secrecy in practice? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
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"fja099e"
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"text": [
"PFS means that even if one server's private key is compromised, the session keys it protected are not known. It's a protocol characteristic, not a one-size-fits-all sort of thing. The concept is to choose session keys in a way that later disclosing the server key doesn'... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] |
fcejkh | How do our phones know that we’re touching them and exactly where we touch them? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"fja93ki"
],
"text": [
"Electrons repel other electrons. This really simple fact is brilliantly exploited by phones. By moving electrons into and out of pixels on the screen, our phones can detect the presence of nearby conductors. Something like metal makes it really easy to move electrons in... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
fcffst | How to use a washing machine? Parents (17m) out of the house and I have no idea how to wash my clothes. | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"fjab3tl"
],
"text": [
"Put clothes in. Put soap in. Closed door. Turn on machine. Set to normal. Start. Wait for beep. Put in dryer."
],
"score": [
6
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} | [
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fcfro2 | When a PC game downloads an update that is let's say 50 GB in size, do these 50 GB add to the existing let's say 80 GB the original base game was (to a total of 130 GB) or are parts of it replaced and not requiring additional disk space? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
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"fjadch0",
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],
"text": [
"There's no one answer for this. The patch could be entirely replacing existing data without changing file size, it could be adding new content not present in the install, or it can be any combination of the two... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
fcha07 | Where is all the really cool technology advancements that were to come thanks to Graphene? EG: Extremely sensitive camera sensors (no flash needed), Computer parts built with it that outperform silicon etc | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"fjaopl1"
],
"text": [
"It's not about the new technology existing, but about being cost-effective to mass-produce. Graphene is still far more expensive to produce than the minimal benefit that your average consumer would get out of it."
],
"score": [
4
],
"text_urls": [
[]
]... | [
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fckygi | What is the main objective (or how different are) jira, asana, monday, wrike, trello, etc? | Why are there so many of them and what do they do? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"fjbi0p1"
],
"text": [
"They are project management tools. When your business has a lot of tasks it needs to keep track of/measure/log billable time, then tools like those are great because instead of just monitoring an email box, or using a whiteboard, everything has its own ticket, and they ... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] |
fclhty | When speeding up a video more and more, why do voices increase in pitch? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"fjbhcmy",
"fjbhhra"
],
"text": [
"When you speed up a video it forces the sound to be played in a shorter amount of time. This means that the wavelength of the sound becomes shorter. The shorter the wavelength the higher pitch the sound is. This is the same reason when you slow down a vid... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
fcpdwz | how does forced perspective work? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"fjcd0wu"
],
"text": [
"Naruto is the perfect example of a forced perspective. At the start of the show you believe that everyone that Naruto is fighting is evil. The reason that you believe that is because the show forces you into Naruto's perspective, and the people around Naruto tell him \"... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
fcrr82 | Why do unresponsive network operations freeze your computer? | Why can't the process check for user interrupts if you want to cancel the operation? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"fjcql6w"
],
"text": [
"Because of cheaper (or lazy) programming. Every behavior could have been controlled, unless you go into extremely demanding math or graphics. However, the proper management of cases that should never occur is expensive and not very productive. The case of unresponsive n... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] |
fcw240 | If computers can process a billion tasks in a second, what actually happens when your computer gets really slow and takes 2 minutes to open the browser? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
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"fjdr34k",
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"fjet5hg",
"fjdaiip"
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"text": [
"The primary reason you experience these slowdowns is resource contention. Your processor is rarely the bottleneck in your system. If all you want to do is a simple mathematical operation on a sma... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
fczei6 | How does the touchscreen element of some absolutely shattered screens still work? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"fje0rkw"
],
"text": [
"Touchscreens are actually made up of several different layers. If you only break the outer layer you can avoid damaging the actual \"touch sensitive\" bits. A touch screen display might goes something like: Outer glass (i.e. the bit you actually poke with your finger) P... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
fd2r6q | How is it that when your computer is lagging really badly, but playing a song, that song still plays smoothly while everything else is unresponsive? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"fjepptk",
"fjeziqf",
"fjeznu1",
"fjf2ic2",
"fjep8o3",
"fjf5p7y",
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"fjf78ed",
"fjgjwn1",
"fjf5xjq",
"fjf69mq",
"fjf2dtu",
"fjfh566",
"fjf3uma",
"fjfhbf7"
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"text": [
"Audio processes are often assigned some of the highest prior... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
fd754c | Why is it that on different phone's, some emojis do not show? Shouldn't it just register as text? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"fjfny5w",
"fjfoh7r"
],
"text": [
"Emoji are part of the Unicode system. In the actual message your phone sends, they're represented by a number along with a prefix that says \"this is Unicode.\" When the receiving phone gets a number that starts with this prefix, it knows to go to a libra... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
fd9l8a | What exactly does OLED display mean? And how is it different from LED displays? Is one better than the other? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"fjg24tc"
],
"text": [
"OLED should^TM be a display in which each subpixel is a separate organic light emitting diode and nothing else, unlike LED displays which use light emitting diodes as a backlight for two layers of polarized liquid crystal and one or more fluorescent or phosphorescent la... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
fd9w70 | SME Internet connectivity | What are possible ways enterprises can connect to the Internet ? How do specifically Small and Medium Enterprises can connect to Internet Is the Enterprise have to always use the BGP Peering with Internet Service Providers ? If not how above thing is achieved? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"fjg5flr"
],
"text": [
"\\ > What are possible ways enterprises can connect to the Internet ? you connect through an ISP. \\ > How do specifically Small and Medium Enterprises can connect to Internet buy purchasing a fiber optic connection from an ISP. \\ > Is the Enterprise have to always use... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] |
fdallz | Google search working | How google is able to understand everything I type even it has spelling mistakes. Whenever I type something in browser i see that each word will be seperated by a '+' what is the significance of that? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"fjg7kdm"
],
"text": [
"> How google is able to understand everything I type even it has spelling mistakes. Basically Google creates lots of large dictionaries with lots of words. Because Google constantly crawls the web to find new pages, it can see how popular every word is, so it can easily... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] |
fdb6yt | graphics processing unit | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"fjg9xco"
],
"text": [
"> How does a graphics card work? Graphics cards, like any modern electronic processor, uses interlinked transistors (devices that lets electricity from one side pass through unless electricity is arriving from another side) to do basic arithmetic *really really quickly*... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
fdbhvi | How did mining work back in the day? Did people just picaxe long tunnels into the rock hoping they’ll find something useful? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"fjgbby4",
"fjgbhwm",
"fjgc38c",
"fjggkoe"
],
"text": [
"Yes and no. Depending on what's being mined. Typically they'd find a vein and surface level evidence. (Think of gold washed down a creek, it comes from a vein somewhere)",
"Historically, prospecting involved thoroughly se... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
fdbvmm | Computer Science vs Computer Information Science | I cannot decide which one to take in college. Help | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"fjhbe5w"
],
"text": [
"In practical terms, CS is the more technical version of the degree. It is usually taught through the engineering school and will include a lot of science, math, and electronics requirements. It will have a focus on building programming skills and include a lot of comput... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] |
fdc0xv | What would happen if you filled an HD or SSD to the last byte? Would it stop the pc from functioning? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"fjgeeci"
],
"text": [
"Yes. Modern operating systems like Windows use a portion of your hard drive to store some temporary files it needs to function. It may also use your disk as extra memory if your onboard memory gets over utilized. For this reason, there has to be some space available for... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
fdei77 | Why does the temperature of some showers switch from freezing cold to scalding hot with only a slight nudge on the handle? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
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"fjh114b",
"fjgwfj1",
"fjh290l",
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"fjhcxfl",
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"text": [
"Also, your shower makes warm water by mixing hot and cold water. If the hot water is too hot, than the temperature of the warm water is more sensitive to slight changes in the mixt... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
fdk2no | Pull Down Resistors | Hey r/explainlikeimfive could someone explain to me how a pull down voltage circuit works? I tried googling it but I can't make sense of the answers I'm getting. Thank you in advance! | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"fjhzwko",
"fji0qz1"
],
"text": [
"To use the analogy of water flowing in pipes, a pull down resistor would be like having a tiny pipe that empties into a drain attached to a larger one. If water is flowing in the large pipe, sure some escapes down the tiny pipe, but most goes where the bi... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] |
fdphyo | Why does the lint collection that I pull out of the dryer always look like a greyish purple color? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"fjj2ryz",
"fjjbvb5"
],
"text": [
"If you literally put in only white clothes and get purple lint, you may have a fuzzy purple sock that slipped the gasket and is hiding in the casing. This sounds more like an electrician visit than a ELI5",
"You are collecting fuzz off the many clothe... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
fdpoy6 | How is video footage shot in 30 frames per second much cleaner than computer recordings shot at 30 frames per second? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"fjj9czs",
"fjjpd72"
],
"text": [
"Computer generated frames usually show no motion blur; it's as if they have an infinitely short shutter speed. Moving objects in a shot will jump position from one frame to the next. Real-world photography has longish shutter speeds which mean that moving... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
fdr7z8 | how are the photos from the rover so clear? | The new pictures from the mars rover are incredible, but I would think the camera lenses would be filthy due to the wind and dirt. Obviously, there’s no one there to wipe the stuff away, so how are the photos so clear? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"fjjgs0y"
],
"text": [
"The atmosphere on Mars is less than 1% as thick as Earth's, so yes, there's wind, but even a 60mph wind on Mars has the same amount of force as a gentle breeze. The wind can only pick up the tiniest particles. It's just as likely to clean the camera than to deposit dust... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] |
fds9gb | Why can spell check guess what I mean on obscure words that I'm not even close on but then with common words that I'm only a single letter off on it will have no suggestions? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"fjjnkmz"
],
"text": [
"Two reasons. 1. Obscure words are commonly misspelled, so the computer calculates that those are more likely to be misspelled. They also tend to be butchered in pretty consistent ways. common words are less likely to be misspelled and theres are lot of ways of being jus... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
fdxmui | why do cribs get recalled all the time? | How hard is it to make a safe bed for a baby? Why do manufacturers not know how to do this by now?? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"fjkhliz",
"fjkhdag",
"fjl1gm1",
"fjkjvet",
"fjkkoeq",
"fjlsurv"
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"text": [
"It's easy to make a safe crib. Take hard, dense wood, shape it to fit snuggly, and use high quality fasteners. The problem is that this is expensive. Given the choice, most people will buy the ch... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] |
fe1js6 | How does RAM work and what is it’s purpose? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"fjl5pz7",
"fjl61bt"
],
"text": [
"I think of RAM as similar as short term memory in humans. Its the little things that you access on a frequent basis that are stored there, but also things that are stored there can be erased if it no longer used.",
"I always understood RAM like being ... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
feigd1 | Why does connecting to a wifi take so long while connecting with mobile data is basically instant? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"fjo7cxz"
],
"text": [
"Mobile is essentially an always on technology. Typically when connecting to WiFi you need to authenticate, get a dhcp address, etc... which can take a bit of time."
],
"score": [
4
],
"text_urls": [
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} | [
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feik4e | What does return do in programming? | Primarily python | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"fjo92po",
"fjog7p3",
"fjo8x18"
],
"text": [
"It tells the program to leave the current subroutine (i.e. method or function) and 'return' to the calling address. You can also return a particular value, which can then be stored in some variable at the place the function was called. For ... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] |
fek9on | Why do computer monitors go a bit weird when you touch them? | When I touch my monitor, it starts pulsing dark circles around the spot where my finger is. Why does that happen? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"fjoknv5",
"fjpcfzs",
"fjp92sm",
"fjpbayq",
"fjq763l",
"fjpffq8"
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"text": [
"Your screen is composed of multiple layers of material. One of these layers is a grid of liquid crystals (the LC in LCD). Pressing on them deforms them, changing the way they transmit light. Hitt... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] |
fekxlt | How does in vivo gene editing work? | Like, how do the genes actually change, and how do you make sure you are only changing the right thing? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"fjopsid",
"fjotf15"
],
"text": [
"It's very hard to ELI5 this topic. So the basic principle is editing to insert some DNA (micro injection) or virally deliver it or just deliver some machinery for genomic editing into the zygote or the embryonic stem cells. You would get a chimera because... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] |
fenza9 | How do fiber optic cables work in terms of data transmission? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"fjp96s3"
],
"text": [
"Light on = 1 light off =0 other than it being light and not electricity it works the same as copper cabling"
],
"score": [
3
],
"text_urls": [
[]
]
} | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
feouy7 | How come when you take a picture of a screen (like a computer monitor), the picture of the screen comes out with black lines and static? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"fjpfb9c",
"fjpfdcc",
"fjpfsky"
],
"text": [
"Get up really close to your monitor and youll see its actually a webbing of dots - old tv's were more obvious - blue, green and red dots. Your eyes fill the blanks in between to make it a clear image - but the camera sees the dots.",
"C... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
feqkqj | Why is that a Bluray can’t remember where I was in a movie, but older tech like a DVD can? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"fjpqjt0"
],
"text": [
"VCRs can too XD It probably different player to player. I think mine will resume, but not sure."
],
"score": [
4
],
"text_urls": [
[]
]
} | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
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feteh3 | Why do the printer cartridges move from right to left when you switch on the printer? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"fjqqnca",
"fjqqt1k",
"fjqvacd"
],
"text": [
"The printer is checking that the carriage is operating properly then \"homing\" it (setting it to a known zero reference point).",
"It's a check-up of printing system. The printer check If there are any problema with motors and other st... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
feul4o | How does my iPhone Face ID still recognize me even after I grew a beard and wear sunglasses? How does it know I’m not an imposter in disguise? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"fjrfnp2",
"fjsfvmm",
"fjsj30s",
"fjrfsy9"
],
"text": [
"the ai measures the distances between features of your face e.g nose width, distances between brows, your brow ridges, forehead length, chin length all relative to other features. sunglasses and beard wont change any of that.... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
fext5h | How do emails know where to go? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"fjsvusc"
],
"text": [
"DNS (Domain Name Service) is mainly used to translate domain names (\"[ URL_0 ](https:// URL_0 /)\") into IP addresses ([151.101.129.140]( URL_2 )), it also contains so-called MX records (Mail eXchange records) that contain information about which server is supposed to ... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
ff3tzs | How do polygraph tests differentiate honest nervousness and deceptive answers? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
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"fjvartw",
"fjw1sfo",
"fjvorvc",
"fjwzhq1",
"fjw9t9v",
"fjx1arf",
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"fjwfnuh"
],
"text": [
"It can't. This is why they are not admissible in court. Polygraphs measure skin conductivity (sweat), heart rate, breathing, all of which are detectable signs of str... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
ff71xk | Why does the moon look waaay smaller on the camera than it does by naked eyes? Whereas people look bigger on the same camera (smaller focal length) | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"fjwnjuq"
],
"text": [
"Well basically because your eyes are amazing. They automatically adjust for focal length and for exposure. Camera sensors and lenses are really far behind but getting better. In the future you might be able to get a realistic looking image from a single photo. Some phot... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
ff765n | How do "I'm not a robot" ReCAPTCHAs know that I'm human with just one click of my mouse? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"fjwl1vp",
"fjwmgfx",
"fjwnxax",
"fjwl49e",
"fjwo5pf"
],
"text": [
"I read somewhere it is due to the website itself. It tracks the pattern you trace with the cursor. Robot would go straight to the box, but humans have small little deviations. I may be wrong though.",
"Goog... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
ff95ax | In terms of cyber security, what are the differences between Mac and PC? | My fiance has been watching the Jim Browning YouTube videos regarding the scammers overseas who use call centers. We were also watching ScammerRevolts who usually gets access to the scammers computers and deletes their files or syskeys them. It's been noted in both of the channels that some call centers use Macs and so... | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"fjx0z4e",
"fjx0vyn",
"fjx463w",
"fjx4rw0",
"fjx6cmn"
],
"text": [
"It’s not that one is a whole lot better than the other but the reason you hear people say that macs don’t get viruses is because the people making the viruses have a lot more potential victims if they make it f... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] |
ff9vr8 | Why GPU can has thousands of cores while CPU only has a few? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"fjx9h4w",
"fjxj1vn"
],
"text": [
"GPUs have a lot of cores that are very simple. CPUs have a few cores that are very sophisticated. Often it's not practical to split up the work to run on lots of simple cores, so CPUs are better. For example, one core can't make a decision based on what a... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
ffapm9 | How does a bot on this website scan all comments continuously for keywords to find relevant comments to reply to? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"fjx9q5s"
],
"text": [
"Using reddit's API. See this link: URL_1 It contains the latest comments (which you can see when you go to URL_0 ) in a format that is compact and easily parsable by a computer program. Each entry in this page contains the actual content of the comment and various metad... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
ffcreh | Why is that in some animation styles things that are animated are brighter than the static background? | As an example here's a clip. URL_0 At 20s you can clearly see what the background is and what are all the animated bits. | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"fjxmhig",
"fjxl5e5"
],
"text": [
"Oh I can begin an answer to this. In traditional hand animation, backgrounds are usually painted or drawn with a greater level of detail, because they presumably only need to be painted or drawn one time. The background is a separate piece of art than the... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] |
ffsn1p | In regards to high end headphones, what does a higher ohm set mean compared to lower ohm sets and what are the differences in sound quality? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"fk0ksgd",
"fk0q18j"
],
"text": [
"A high impedance on a set of headphones generally just means it requires more power to drive them to an acceptable volume. Portable devices, walkmans, ipods, phones, will generally favour a lower impedance because they require less power. Old hifi gear, f... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
ffsopa | Why did "window duplication" happen on older PC systems when programs got frozen? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"fk0clug"
],
"text": [
"The screen back then was a frame buffer so when a window was displayed it was stored as pixels in it. The result is that the hidden part of a window or desktop is not stored when not visible. This was done because of the low amount of memory you had in the system compar... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
ffst65 | How does Thermal Imaging work? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"fk0cgbf",
"fk0e8ea",
"fk12odj",
"fk10xkd",
"fk0soff",
"fk1u2in"
],
"text": [
"Heat sources emit electromagnetic radiation with a frequency respecting to their temperature. The visible spectrum of EM radiation ranges from red to violet. The sun's surface is about 5000 Kelvi... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
ffwp5t | Smart Band/Watch, how is it able to detect our heartbeat? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"fk0zeim"
],
"text": [
"it has a small light emiter and light detector, which can detect the ammount of light going in. when your heart is open your blood pressure is low then when it's closed, and when the blood pressure is lower it let's more light pass. light sensor detects those changes an... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
ffwpa2 | How does a food processor work differently than a blender? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"fk10ilu",
"fk21asp",
"fk1p5n2",
"fk2d4zp",
"fk2k2ul",
"fk2k7np",
"fk3g9dq",
"fk2vocm",
"fk2oddi",
"fk3df8d"
],
"text": [
"A food processor tends to have a much wider, flatter work bowl, which means that it is much better at getting larger amounts of food - ... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
ffx0ag | How does Screen Mirroring/Casting works (Mobile Screen to TV)? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"fk13mq0"
],
"text": [
"No. You need a few things to cast. 1) An internet connection. You don't necessarily need mobile data. I cast from WiFi all the time. NOTE: if you are simply mirroring your phone, you don't necessarily need to connect out to the internet, but you need WiFi as a means of ... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
ffzagq | How disconnected is a virtual machine from the physical machine? | I don't understand how it's possible for me to copy something on my physical machine and paste it into my virtual machine, or vice versa. I realize that this could entirely depend on the virtualization software as well as whatever systems are running on the virtual machine, but how does information get passed from the ... | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"fk1g0qx",
"fk1kgj8"
],
"text": [
"Think of them as two separate machines on the same network. They may be running on the same hardware, but they are isolated and can only communicate over the network. Why can you copy and paste between two machines? Because the Remote Desktop Protocol (RD... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] |
fg0bjc | why GREY letterbox would be used over black | I’ve noticed on some TVs, and Dish, have black __and__ **grey** letterboxes when changing the screen size format. I know purpose behind shows and films using a letterbox, I just don’t know why a grey LB would be used instead of black. | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"fk1udv8"
],
"text": [
"Probably to lessen the effect of burn-in on some displays. If you were to watch a lot of 4:3 content on a 16:9 display, only the 4:3 pixels would be used and they'd wear out faster. Putting a neutral grey color in place of the black bars would hopefully even out the wea... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] |
fg7npv | How different is digital zoom on a cell phone versus taking a picture and later cropping what would've been zoomed in to? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"fk318j7",
"fk31j3w"
],
"text": [
"With digital zoom you save some storage space as you don't have to store all the pixels you'll later crop out. Also you don't have to open the image in a separate app to crop it, it's ready to send/post online as soon as you shoot it.",
"In terms of t... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
fg9c9p | How do watermarks work, and what are they for? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"fk37nt9"
],
"text": [
"Watermarks on an image are typically a semitransparent logo or signature layered over the original image, typically a stock photo or a drawing, in order to prevent other people from taking the image and claiming it as their own."
],
"score": [
8
],
"text_url... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
fgfz7i | What constitutes "passive ordnance" in military terms? | Had someone include this on their resume and was curious since I could not find a definitive answer via web search. I gather it is "non-smart" munitions/bombs? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"fk4a0ik"
],
"text": [
"You are correct. Passive ordinance are projectiles that can't be controlled once launched or do not change trajectory mid flight. Example mortar shells. You calculate the trajectory, made adjustments, launch, get a radio report about the error, adjust your calculations,... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] |
fghagj | How does a car like Koenigsegg Agera make more than a 1000hp with just a twin-turbo V8 whereas the Bugatti Veyron required a quad-turbo W16 for similar performance? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"fk4i0oz",
"fk53qwj"
],
"text": [
"how much HP a super car makes is rather a moot issue. more cylinders and more volume and larger turbos doesn't equate to more HP. there are both advantages and disadvantages to adding more turbos/turbo stages or using more cylinders in different configura... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
fgtaux | How does the faster R-CNN model work? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"fk6u0gl"
],
"text": [
"A neural network works by flowing a bunch of inputs (anything, really, but for this stuff it's each pixel of an image) through nodes to outputs (decisions). The nodes perform some basic math combining inputs. They giggle the weights or coefficients for every node accord... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
fgudyw | why CGI animation cost less to make than hand drawn animation but big CGI animated movies budget is always many times higher ? | In japanese anime nowadays there are alot of smart use of CGI to cut down on production cost. However most big CGI animated movies always cost 7-8 times higher than traditional hand drawn animated movies. Weathering with you and your name budget was about 9-11 million, while boss baby, frozen, kungfu panda was upward o... | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"fk6y90g",
"fk7s9lp",
"fk7bdgc",
"fk6wbsx"
],
"text": [
"You can't say that CGI costs more or less than hand drawn animation because it doesn't. CGI has a wider range of potential costs than hand drawn animation, which is why its used in both expensive movies and cheap anime. With ... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] |
fgvggy | how the storage of electronic data really works? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"fk72k1b"
],
"text": [
"There are different ways. Some things, like audio tape and floppy discs, magnetize tiny sections of the tape or disc. Magnetization may mean \"one\" and no magnetization \"zero\", or they may have varying strengths of magnetization and the strength is the worthwhile sig... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
fgxr3k | How does pausing and resuming downloads work? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"fk7j7iw"
],
"text": [
"The file being downloaded is a simple (GET) request. You open the connection, and read the incoming data (bytes) until the connection closes. You also know the size of the response from the beginning, that's how you have a percentage. For resuming the download request, ... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
fgzoy4 | How do electronics eventually break? Do the connections on the motherboard get weaker or thinner over time? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"fk7ury1",
"fk7upea",
"fk7v8gp"
],
"text": [
"There can be different causes of failure. The circuit board will usually have exposed copper and tin which will over time corrode and wither away disconnecting the components from each other. Tin is also quite brittle so if the device is dr... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
fgztkc | How did ancient civilizations prospect for iron ore | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"fk7v6gd",
"fk7wbsj",
"fk7v28o",
"fk7wx39",
"fk8hunq"
],
"text": [
"It is almost impossible for metalworking civilizations to start with iron. Copper is a far easier metal to start with because it can be accidentally smelted. Put a copper bearing rock in a hot campfire, and it ... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
fh1m4c | What does deep learning do exactly? How does it do it? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"fk89rky",
"fk8itj9"
],
"text": [
"In conventional programming, you write very exact instructions. A computer programme won't do anything you didn't instruct first. Most bugs are really just mistakes in our instructions. With deep learning methods we write software that teaches itself cert... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
fh1uyr | Why do special effects in movies cost so much money to produce? | I see posts all the time talking about the million dollar special effects and such, but isn't it just a team of people using software? Why and how do (decent) special effects have such a high price? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"fk8aedv",
"fk89g2q",
"fk8atc6",
"fk8aa52",
"fk8f8az",
"fk8bir3"
],
"text": [
"> isn't it just a team of people using software? yes. they're paying those people. also lots of times the software they're using was also developed in house, so you'd be paying not just the graph... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] |
fh40ra | Why can a banana peel be used to navigate my phone? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"fk8pjlz"
],
"text": [
"Just like your finger, a banana has capacitance. That capacitance is in the proper range to allow the screen to function, just like it would with your finger."
],
"score": [
8
],
"text_urls": [
[]
]
} | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
fh5jjw | Normal "system" memory versus graphics memory | What is the difference between the DDR 3, 4 or 5 you install as system memory and the GDDR 4, 5, 5X or 6 used in graphics cards? What makes each of them better for their respective applications? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"fk8zxul"
],
"text": [
"Graphics memory is designed for ludicrous throughput and custom applications. Graphics cards need access to massive memory bandwidth to do their job, a single 4K frame is ~25 MB and the GPU will be expected to generate at least 60 of them per second requiring a minimum ... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] |
fhbs50 | Why do USBs and memory cards get corrupted so easily? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"fka7hv8"
],
"text": [
"If you’ve been just pulling them out without safely ejecting them then there is a higher chance of failure of the files but I rarely get a USB completely fail beyond repair so I don’t know what you’re doing with them"
],
"score": [
3
],
"text_urls": [
[]... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
fhc042 | Why are absurdly misspelled scams circulated? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"fka6qnf"
],
"text": [
"From what I understand, they're written like that on purpose. It helps them immediately weed out the people who would be smart enough to figure out it's a scam partway through the process. The people who see all the spelling errors and don't immediately have red flags g... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
fhwmct | How did Morse code machines connect and send electromagnetic pulses over long distances? | They aren't connected via a very long wire, are they? P.S I'd like to understand the physics behind it, not how Morse code works. | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"fkdq2uo",
"fkdra83",
"fkdq39j"
],
"text": [
"It was literally done with wires. Back in the day, sending a telegram was called 'sending a wire' and when radio came in it was known as 'wireless telegraphy.' If you look at pictures of old time steam trains there's almost always a telegra... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] |
fi7jmv | Why is it required to turn the sound bar up to 60+ on some streaming services/shows whereas others work fine at 15-20? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"fkftl2m"
],
"text": [
"At least part of this likely comes down to how the sound is mastered and mixed; some shows/services just generally master their baseline volume to be louder than others. Sometimes this is due to thematic vs practical concerns; an action movie is likely to have a sound m... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
fi7z3m | What is the process for making tea and coffee decaffeinated? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"fkfq6vi"
],
"text": [
"They use a solvent that extracts Caffeine but not the rest of the chemical components that make up Coffee. A solvent is a liquid chemical that can be used to dissolve a solid chemical, for example water is a good solvent for Sodium Chloride (Table salt), where one liter... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
fiay06 | Why we can see the source code for an HTML page but not for a program, unless the programmer (or the owner) shares it? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"fkg7yek",
"fkg5nq0",
"fkg6po1",
"fkg5tm8",
"fkgiz1e"
],
"text": [
"So the other answers aren't wrong, but I feel they leave a bit out. In computing, there are a few different ways to program. These are typically referred to as being low-level (closer to the native 1's and 0's ... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
fijmd9 | If you play a game on emulator and you accelerate your emulation speed, time required to save the game decreases.How does that happen? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"fkhgkdl",
"fkie9jk",
"fkhmy6m",
"fkio15k"
],
"text": [
"In many older cases, the screen or progress bar that you see was coded as a specific amount of time rather than a progression of the process. So when you speed up the clock on a game, that speeds up. Often, the time it took t... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
fijvje | what is end to end encryption and what does it mean to end it? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"fkhjif4",
"fki4fkp",
"fkhkoi1",
"fkjjf5m"
],
"text": [
"A lot of encryption in communication is in steps. Your connection between your computer and the server (eg: Skype) is encrypted, but then Skype gets a copy of your message without encryption. That means they can read it, save... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
fipzkh | The difference between SMS, telephone, data and Wi-Fi | I have to explain to old people the difference between SMS, telephone, data and Wi-Fi. Please help. | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"fkik3va",
"fkikdc0"
],
"text": [
"Wi-fi and data are both just \"connections\" to the internet. Wi-fi is the protocol (\"language\") that connects your phone to your wired internet in your house, while data is the long-range protocol that connects your phone to the wired internet at the p... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] |
fiucv8 | What is RAM and what does it do? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"fkj9mdh",
"fkj9ysc"
],
"text": [
"It's basically the short term memory for the system When you load a game, everything you see is being held in the ram. When there is a loading screen, it is transferring the data from the storage drive to the ram",
"Imagine your computer is a desk. Th... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
fiuw17 | how did the TV, computer, and telephone have such a vast reduction in size and are able to do you so much more at a much higher quality? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"fkjcq3o",
"fkjd77u",
"fkjnnjt",
"fkjpqmz",
"fkjd6p7"
],
"text": [
"The main technology that makes all of that happen is the transistor - a little gate that can let electricity through or prevent it from flowing through. Currently, they are as small as single-digit nanometers i... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
fivz08 | How does end-to-end encryption key exchange work? | If data is encrypted at one device and decrypted at the other, how are the keys shared without them being intercepted as well? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"fkjrth2",
"fkjkiic"
],
"text": [
"Alice puts a padlock on a box. Puts the key in her pocket. Ships locked box to Bob. Bob receives locked box. Doesn't have key; key is in Alice's pocket. Bob puts second padlock on box. Puts key in his pocket. Ships double-locked box back to Alice. Alice r... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] |
fj03cn | What is NAT? And why there are online games that are not using NAT Filter? | So I played Destiny 2 and Warzone; they both use NAT Type (Strict, Moderate, Open) to filter the players. But most games that I play like Apex Legends, PUBG, Paladins, etc do not have that NAT Type filtering, at least they do not show our NAT type in-game compare to the other two that I mentioned. So I have 3 questions... | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"fkk6wpn"
],
"text": [
"So NAT stands for Network Address Translation, its a technique for dealing with the fact that ISPs don't have enough internet addresses to give one to every device on the internet. Instead they'll give a network address to your home router, then your home router will gi... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] |
fjbgaa | How does a fighter plane know it’s been locked on by an enemy fighter? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"fklytw7",
"fklywht"
],
"text": [
"Military craft have a device called a radar warning receiver. It has antennae that look for RF energy, and if it detects a pattern of a known hostile radar system or missile, it alerts the pilot and engages countermeasures if applicable.",
"Radar beam... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
fjfvus | The “earn it” act | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"fkmrfmq",
"fkmrqme"
],
"text": [
"**End to end encryption**: stuff like whatsapp, signal, and other apps use it so no one but send and receiver can read messages. There's some cool math behind it. **The Bill**: there's a [bill]( URL_0 ) in the Senate (S. 3398, EARN IT Act of 2020), introd... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
fjhw0c | what does a relay card do exactly? (Electronics) | The best definition I could find online is: These handy boards provide a simple method to interface a low level control output from a control system such as the FSR Flex Gpio ports to higher level loads such as a low voltage screen controller. They can also be used to reverse control output logic if necessary **can som... | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"fkn3uo1"
],
"text": [
"A relay is a physical switch that is controlled by an electric current. So a relay have two different sides to it. There is the control side and there is the switched side. The control side have two pins while the switched side typically have three pins but can have a d... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] |
fjoezd | How do telephone wires carry multiple messages at once? How do messages not interrupt each other? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"fkoaofl"
],
"text": [
"The analogy is to consider listening to music say from a band or orchestra. All the instruments send their sound messages through the air. It is still possible for us to discern between a drum and a guitar and a piano - and very likely hear the different notes they are ... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
fjog88 | Why do write speeds vary drastically when copying another file unto a USB stick? | Whenever I copy a file onto a USB, it starts at 30MB/s then goes down to 20, then 10, then 8 and sometimes and even 2MB/s and stays there. What is happening to the drive that the write speeds decrease so much? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"fko7lzo",
"fkozqio"
],
"text": [
"Writing dense flash memory is slow. Writing cheap dense flash is *very* slow. Some USB drives get through this by having a bit of faster memory between the big NAND and the PC so you can copy small amounts of data fast (and it filters onto the slow memory... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] |
fjs4cv | How can barcodes have a small amount of squares and we still don't run out of barcodes? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"fkooy7z"
],
"text": [
"Bar codes are just a computer-readable version of the number that's written below the barcode. So there's as many possible barcodes as there are numbers with that many digits. UPC codes are 12 digits long, so there's about 1 trillion possible codes."
],
"score": [
... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
fjslx2 | why are consoles so much cheaper than building/buying prebuilt normal computers? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"fkorot7",
"fkorwja",
"fkp45od",
"fkowk7u",
"fkortor",
"fkosba8"
],
"text": [
"Economy of scale and Xbox/PS doesn’t expect to turn a profit on the consoles alone. Licensing rights, fees from marketplace, subscriptions, game fees, etc make up the bulk of their revenue. Think... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
fjv1p2 | What ultimately causes batteries to completely die? | Some batteries that sit in unused electronics for an extended amount of time don’t hold charges anymore. So is it better to periodically charge electronics that aren’t used regularly just to keep the battery from losing its useable life? Or is it reasonably just a matter of time before batteries aren’t reasonably usabl... | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"fkpi8xp",
"fkp7ide",
"fkpimg5"
],
"text": [
"Batteries are basically a little block of material rusting in order to make electrons move. One that little block of material rusts completely, or at least enough that no more if it can rust, it can't make electrons move anymore. As long as... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] |
fk9hhq | How do apps that identify songs work? | Pretty much the title, for example, you can ask Siri “what’s this song?” And even over a crowd of loud people, she can do it in seconds. It boggles me. | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"fkreqlc",
"fkszvma"
],
"text": [
"You have a bunch of blocks you like to play with. Some are big, some small. Some have patterns, others are solid colors. If I took one and placed it really far away from you so that you can just barely see it. And told you, guess which block it was. You'd... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] |
fkecvu | Why are so many 'Official' youtube music videos from 2000-2010 in 360p or 240p? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"fks7ipr",
"fks7mmk",
"fks8zj8"
],
"text": [
"Because that's the best the average person's internet connection could muster back in the day.",
"It wasn't always possible to upload HD videos to YouTube. It's a feature they added later on. In the beginning, I think only 240p and 360p... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
fkskad | How do photos of space matter produce all the colors? | Such as photos of nebulas or galaxies. I remember something about using filters of different gases but that’s it. | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"fkuktcg",
"fkukqrm"
],
"text": [
"Most photos of nebulas or galaxies are made using light our eyes can't see (like infrared or UV). Their \"colors\" are remapped to colors we can see, so we can actually look at them. This is an artistic process as there is no \"correct\" way to map colors... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] |
fktng0 | How do pointers in C++ work, and why are they different from references? | Edit: Perhaps I mean "how" are they different from references, not why. | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"fkuqx8j",
"fkv59cd"
],
"text": [
"A pointer is simply a variable that holds a memory address. You can pass a pointer to a function, which allows you to modify the contents of that memory address without having to return anything. A reference is similar. Normally when you pass a variable t... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] |
fkzao9 | How do photographers make the moon look huge, when it does not to the naked eye? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"fkvo88f"
],
"text": [
"they're using telephoto lenses aka \"zoom\" lenses so further away objects look closer. and then they frame the moon so that it takes up the entire sensor so that it looks big."
],
"score": [
5
],
"text_urls": [
[]
]
} | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
fl9zrg | How can we warm things like food up (ovens) and cool them down (freezers) with electricity? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"fkxcn16",
"fkxcteo"
],
"text": [
"Electricity and heat are both energy, although different *forms* of energy. Heating and cooling works slightly different, though. In an oven, electricity is converted to heat by running it through a wire with a high resistance. This causes energy losses i... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
flehmz | how do magic eye pictures work? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"fky8xrc"
],
"text": [
"Depth perception works by your eyes receiving slightly different images and extracting distance information from that. Magic Eye images use repeating patterns to fool your brain to think your eyes are focusing on a single point that's actually two different points on th... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
flfv4c | Why does text in screenshots often have a pixelated area around it? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"fkycepo"
],
"text": [
"Those are [compression artifacts]( URL_0 ). Lossy image compression such as JPEG are designed to work best when neighboring pixels have similar colors, as usually happens in natural photos. On the other hand, they are bad when there are sharp transitions in color, for e... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
flkr4o | how were aerial photos possible as early as 1860's in areas where they had no hills or mountains overlooking the city? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"fkz4jjt",
"fkz83h0"
],
"text": [
"It's going to be really hard to stretch this out. But in the 1860's they had hot air and gas balloons.",
"Hot air balloons were used in 1870 in the Prussian French war. The Prussians besieged Paris and the only way Parisians had to watch their enemy w... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
flm1nz | What is a server? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"fkzcds4",
"fl0a6et"
],
"text": [
"A server is a computer that services requests from other computers, referred to as clients. Those requests could be to send a particular webpage back to the client, to perform a calculation, to retrieve or store some data in a database, whatever.",
"A... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
flreyl | Users who do game programming with Unity and C#, what is a float? | Edit: Thanks for the explanation guys! The different analogies you guys give really helps me to understand it from different perspectives. I am a beginner programmer who just started using Unity yesterday, though I have a little bit of experience with C#. I tried to follow a couple of tutorials to design a 2D game. Mos... | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"fl18q5i"
],
"text": [
"It's a special kind of decimal where the decimal point \"floats\" around the number, allowing it to represent numbers that are bigger and smaller than you would be able to otherwise. Say you had a piece of paper and you could only fit 10 numbers on it. You divide it int... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] |
flvag6 | Why do some sites check my browser before giving me access to it ? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"fl0oxtj",
"fl1e6ie",
"fl0p3zk"
],
"text": [
"Cloudflare is usually the one doing this. The purpose is to lock out \"users\" that the site doesn't want. Usually bots, web crawlers, and things of that nature. It also protects against things like DDOS attacks and other web based denial o... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] |
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