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lm2l0q
Technologicsl development in previous civilizations
Hey, I was wondering how previous civilizations have been praised to be super intelligent (ex; Greeks) but never managed to come to bigger technological advancments? Was something holding them back, what was it? How come some of the large advancements only happened during the Industrial Revolution? I know they were rea...
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gnsv4e8", "gnstpp1", "gnssfix" ], "text": [ "> what held previous civilizations back from making bigger and faster technological advancements? Simply put, time, resources, and previous knowledge. The way I think of it is, we are only where we are, because of them. We still use \"ancie...
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
lm4z2k
- Why does different software drain my mobile phone battery vastly differently, even if doing the same thing?
Looking at the battery drain statistics on my phone. Since the start of this week, I have apparently spent 3 hours watching Disney Plus, and 4½ hours watching YouTube. I never changed my screen brightness and all of this was done through wired headphones at the same volume. But YouTube has apparently used up 25% of the...
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gnt7l9g", "gnt72wr", "gnt6nmk" ], "text": [ "Different video codecs and qualities require more CPU power to process. In addition, Disney is going to be sending a stream that is protected by HDCP (basically encryption that goes all the way through to the monitor, preventing software fr...
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
lm6478
Water resistant electronics
How do things like iPhones and new technologies that have charging ports and other parts out in the open able to resist water damage? I dropped my phone in a puddle a few weeks ago and all I did was shake the water off and there was absolutely no damage.
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gnteepz", "gnu1nux" ], "text": [ "The charging port has no open holes into the phone for moisture to get in, just contact surfaces. The main culprit for water damage is the speakers which let water in and small cracks where multiple surfaces were put together on the phone. It’s fine for w...
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
lm965u
Airplanes and helicopters. How do they stay in the sky?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gntxba4", "gnu2ih0" ], "text": [ "By generating lift with their wings or rotors. Just like a ceiling fan pushes air down, a helicopter pushes the wind the same way. Except with far greater force, enough to counteract gravity. An airplane uses thrust (either from its props or a jet engine)...
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
lmaidn
Why are CD and DVD players not mutually compatible to play each other's audio?
Why can we not put a DVD into a CD player and listen to the film's soundtrack? Or put a CD into a DVD player and listen to it as if it's a film soundtrack with no video?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gnu4715", "gnucs1q" ], "text": [ "There's two problems, one is physical and one is \"format\". DVD is a much higher density format than CD. A CD can hold about 630MB, a DVD holds about 4GB (about 7 times more). This means the pits (the physical features that encode the \"1\" and \"0\" of ...
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
lmdr53
Why are pipes bursting in Texas but not so much in colder climates?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gnuoduu", "gnuo6yr" ], "text": [ "Texas doesn't bury its underground pipes as deep, because digging deeper is expensive, they also don't insulate the piping that needs to be above ground properly because again, expensive. Usually they get away with doing it like that because warm southern...
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
lmhaif
Should I use the phone while charging?
Is it better to use the phone while charging than using the battery to 20%, charging to 100% and using again?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gnva2a7" ], "text": [ "It depends on what you're doing. Purely conceptually, using the phone while it's charging shouldn't affect the battery life. It'll just make it take a little longer to charge since it's draining a little while being charged. Practically speaking, however, using the phon...
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
lmmht3
why can’t someone on house arrest cover their ankle monitor in foil then leave
No don’t worry I’m not a criminal / on house arrest I’m just curious because I’ve heard aluminium foil can block micro waves and radio waves . If that’s the case then why can’t wrapping an ankle monitor in foil allow them to trick it ?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gnvrmkd", "gnvrq9y", "gnvxhox", "gnvrlsc", "gnvys9i" ], "text": [ "\"Yeah if you drop off the radar\" they will go to your last know coordinates and start looking. Now you're evading police, tampering with government property, and breaking lawful orders, plus all your other ch...
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
lmniw2
Does anyone *own* the internet? i.e. did the people who invented it get royalties?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gnvxuhx", "gnvz3uv" ], "text": [ "The original technology on which the Internet was based was a product of the US Government/military, and US Government works are not eligible for copyright protection. The part of the Internet that many people commonly think of as \\*being\\* the Internet...
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
lmnjh2
How do film companies increase the quality of a movie 50+ years after filming?
I see commercials and posts all the time about movies being remastered into a high definition. I’ve always been curious how they can increase that with such old film.
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gnvy6ww", "gnvybfy" ], "text": [ "Physical film has a very high resolution - from around 4K to 8k+ depending on the size of the film used when shooting the movie. They need it to as they’re looking for a clear image when projecting onto a 40 foot wide screen! But for a long time the distr...
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
lmxkhv
How do phones vibrate?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gnxlp3k" ], "text": [ "The same way everything vibrates - they put a motor in it, that spins an intentionally unbalanced weight. [ Like this]( URL_0 )" ], "score": [ 3 ], "text_urls": [ [ "https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/2297/8953/products/24_57_8e759f19-69f0-4529-974c...
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
ln14q1
What is a fusions reactor and why can't we make one?
How would a fusion reactor work in theory? I hear every few years that fusion energy is in the near future. Though it always seems to be only in the near future. What are the issues stopping us from creating fusion energy? What can we not figure out yet?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gny6wrz", "gny6938" ], "text": [ "A fusion reactor fuses atomic nuclei together. The 2 nuclei join to create a new element and a lot of energy is released. The energy given off by this fusion reaction can heat up water into steam which can turn a generator and produce power. Think of the ...
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
ln4bhq
Why are keyboards not alphabetical?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gnyo8gc", "gnynvyj" ], "text": [ "Original typewriters used an Alphabetical ordering system, but due to the way the arms of the typewriter swung to the paper to print each letter, they would often get tangled as typists got faster. QWERTY was used since the letters were separated in such ...
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
ln4qyn
How do we have photos from the perseverance rover already?
What’s the transmission medium / technology and how does this transmit photos over that vast distance? Thanks!
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gnyq6no", "gnyqi2o" ], "text": [ "It only takes about 20 minutes to radio from Mars to Earth. The rover was taking photos during its descent and when its on the ground. About 20 minutes later, we get pictures, via radio transmission. Nothing more to it than that. Its fairly \"simple\" in ...
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
ln57kd
How was the Texas Grid seconds to minutes to complete failure for possibly months?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gnyxkjw", "gnytp7t" ], "text": [ "I don’t know how the Texas generating stations are built but we nearly lost the grid in the Pacific Northwest in the winter of 1983 IIRC. We used to joke that if we tripped the (coal fired) units they would freeze solid into giant icebergs before we could...
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
ln9ae0
What is it that makes low budget movies look “raw” while high budget look all more put together?
Every time I start a lower budget movie, I can instantly sense it in the sounds and video that everything just seems more “raw” like it was filmed on an iPhone or something. How come big budget movies don’t generally seem like this, a ton of post processing? Why can’t low budget folks do this?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gnzd51r", "gnzm0lm" ], "text": [ "Some of the big differences that are really hard to hide are good quality lighting and sound, a 'cinema' quality camera, and post-production processes that smooth the sound and picture quality (grading and mixing). New tech is closing the gap between low ...
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
lnapmr
Why are RISC processor architectures more energy efficient than CISC
There's starting to be a transition in the laptop space to the RISC Arm architecture from the CISC x86, and new architectures like RISC-V are projected to be even more energy efficient once it matures, but why is this? Wouldn't having more dedicated instructions be more efficient since you don't have to sequentially fe...
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gnzmfl4" ], "text": [ "The main problem with CISC is that it's dropping optimization potential. With RISC you basically give the responsibility to build a complex command to the layer above (the compiler), wich can then tailor it to the current needs, skipping parts of it that are currently n...
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
lnbcjr
why does youtube load videos faster than other streaming platforms?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gnzp27q", "gnzociw" ], "text": [ "UNLIMITED POWER!!! Or something like it. First we need to understand what their service is. You chose a video, send a request for watching that video. The server then send you the first X seconds of the videos. After Y seconds of watching (Y being shorter...
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
lniixk
What do the links that you get through those fraud texts, actually do to your phone if clicked?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "go15rwz", "go1itdt" ], "text": [ "At the very least they tell the spammer that you click links in emails and texts and that they should continue to send you more as well as try to sell your details to someone else as a “live” target. At worst they can exploit your device, spy on you, stea...
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
lntmub
Dear homebrew developers why the original Xbox was able to emulate N64 games flawlessly and a twice faster CPU on a Raspberry Pi 3B/3B+/4 (and far more RAM) still can't?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "go39uqu", "go3g7gq", "go3ri5c" ], "text": [ "It's not just CPU & ram, it's the graphics card and software infrastructure. A video card is basically a second CPU, but specifically designed to do graphical calculations. They are especially important for doing full 3d graphics, which bec...
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
lnw5nu
Why is it that a new television costs about 1000 dollars, it has android, a chipset, wifi etc, while a phone wich is much smaller, but has also a chipset etc, also costs 1000 dollars ?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "go2o83c", "go2t364", "go2v2s5", "go3m0bt" ], "text": [ "Smaller, more intrinsic technology to fit in to the space. The quality of the housing, the function. Tiny technology is more expensive to produce than something 20 times its size.", "For smartphones you are paying for all...
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
lnx95a
Pixar movie 3D modeling elements
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "go2w1dp", "go3ccrn" ], "text": [ "Yes they animate it and model it all. In combination with some high tech animation tech. (Like algorithms that animate the hair moving). There’s a reason big hero 6 cost 150 million dollars to make, millions of dollars is spent on computing tech and payin...
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
lnyvdw
How do audio feedback loops work?
When using an external speaker and another separate microphone you often get audio feedback loops. From my understanding it's because the microphone picks up the audio from the speaker. Seems simple enough. What I don't understand is how they never occur when the speaker and microphone are connected (like using the bui...
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "go38n46" ], "text": [ "> What I don't understand is how they never occur when the speaker and microphone are connected (like using the built in mic and speaker of a laptop). The laptop \"knows\" what sounds the speaker is playing. So it \"knows\" what the feedback sounds like (roughly). There...
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
lnzw1w
Why do phones take so long to charge enough to turn on after dying?
I don’t know if this is exclusively an iPhone thing or not, but every smart phone I’ve had takes a ridiculous amount of time to charge to the point of powering up after it dies. Anyone know why?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "go3b8ws", "go3blm1" ], "text": [ "Rechargeable batteries do not like being completely discharged. If the battery is discharged enough that the phone has to power itself off, the phone is designed to charge up to a certain percent above \"dead\" before it allows itself to be powered back o...
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
lo187b
What does people mean when they say that a computer system runs on different architecture from another computer? Like when somebody says that an emulator can run N64 games faster theoretically but because of different architecture in practicality it cant?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "go3i5e7", "go41460", "go3nohy", "go4e447", "go48toa", "go47tdd", "go3myge", "go5069c", "go4gt0o", "go4d9oi", "go58qhi", "go5s1xi" ], "text": [ "Processors each have their own language. In technical terms it's what's called an \"Instruction Set Archi...
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
lo5t0q
Is PGP still perfect encryption? And is it still used?
I just finished reading Simon Singh's The Code Book, and I got the impression that PGP was basically uncrackable, and more or less always will be. However, the book was written 20 years ago, so, is this still true?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "go43mtn", "go4cnja", "go43brw", "go4d8y5" ], "text": [ "I don't think there are any known serious attacks on PGP it self, but PGP is more \"a practical way of using asymmetric encryption\". It has to use some form of asymmetric encryption (e.g. RSA) to share secret keys - and the ...
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
lo9h1s
Why do download bars show 100% for more than 0 seconds?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "go4leoh", "go4lke2", "go5agcy", "go4pjae", "go6irqj" ], "text": [ "Progress bars are never an exact science. There's no way to accurately calculate exactly how long something will take. Say you want to copy 100 files from one folder to another. You could go okay 100 files and ...
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
lod0ws
What do phone manufacturers mean when they talk about pixel binning and why do some some phones that uses just 16mp better than phone cameras that uses 108mp?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "go58lrf", "go55l1f" ], "text": [ "Megapixel is measuring only resolution, more is better, but after 8 or so MP, it really makes no more difference, it’s useful because you can zoom and crop in more, but it won’t look any better Lens, sensor quality, sensor size, software used for processi...
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
lofc8f
- Photo Image Fingerprint Effect
Why does [this effect]( URL_0 ) happen, especially when a photo is taken directly off a screen? In this case, when I save the same image file as a screenshot and by clicking into the file, the file quality changes significantly. I’d expect the screenshot to be the one with worse quality that is not the case.
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "go5kjdm", "go5kcyb" ], "text": [ "This is called a moire pattern. It comes from the screen using tiny boxes to draw the photo and from the camera sensor also using tiny boxes. They don’t line up and create a weird effect. Funfact, this predates computers as you’ll sometimes see it if you ...
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
lou3yp
How do modern websites display real time database results as you are typing?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "go7qkya", "go7qvgb", "go7tjh8" ], "text": [ "The webpage listens to every key you type in the search box and send a request each time. You can see it for yourself - go to Google, press F12 or Ctrl+Shift+I to open developer tools and open the Network tab. You'll see that with every key...
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
louh92
How does the QR code manages to not be the same with other QR code that has already been generated?
I was reading online and saw an option when I right clicked an image to create a QR Code. I know QR Codes are unique but how do they manage to avoid having the same pattern with the other QR Codes? Does it have a database where all QR codes are stored? I tried searching through this but can't find any similar queries a...
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "go7rvz4", "go7rzee", "go7rtj8", "go7s7vr" ], "text": [ "If you generate two QR codes for the same piece of text or link, you'll get two identical QR codes. They're not randomised or generated out of thin air and then matched with a site or link or something. Rather the QR code its...
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
louhuj
What is NFTs and DeFi?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "go7sd9h", "go7sol9" ], "text": [ "DeFi means decentralized finance, which means that there isn't one entity controlling the finance operation. The centralized model is that there is a bank or something similar and when you want to do something with money, like exchange it to another curre...
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
loxj0n
What is the difference between virtualization and grid computing
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "go8cofm" ], "text": [ "That's kind of a strange question since they don't really have anything to do with each other. Virtualization is basically simulating a computer on another. Grid computing is using a bunch of computers to compute something big." ], "score": [ 3 ], "text_urls...
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
loycuz
Why do we need really big and small speakers to properly reproduce 20hz-20khz at high volumes, but headphones can do it just fine?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "go8bsuq", "go8btjx", "go8c3te", "go8czja", "go9dqhj" ], "text": [ "The larger the speaker, the harder it is to yank it back and forth 20 thousand times each second. But it can move more air than a small one, too.", "Two points. 1) just fine isn't enough for some people ( a...
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
lp1k8i
What happens once curiosity or Perseverance die out?
Like do they just stay in Mars? Do they self destruct? What about voyager 1 or 2
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "go8vckc", "go8rcbv" ], "text": [ "> Like do they just stay in Mars? They don’t really have any other options do they? When they stop working they aren’t going to suddenly decide to teleport to Earth or something. Their behavior will become the same as other inanimate objects. > Do they se...
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
lp1zxl
Why does touching certain electronics cause a hum in bluetooth headphones?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "go95x45" ], "text": [ "A deep low pitch hum sounds like a ground loop. That’s when two components are supposed to share a common ground, but due to some problem, there is an electrical potential difference between the two grounds. (Sorry, but electrical theory really can’t be explained at a “...
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
lp9dg3
How do closed captions work?
Does someone physically type everything in? If so, why do the words sometimes not match what was said, or even whole sentences? I'm watching a show & the line was about insurmountable odds but, the caption said unassailable.
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "goa3pp0", "goan689" ], "text": [ "Traditionally used to be typed by a person on prerecorded programmes. Now it tends to be done by a computer program much like how Siri or Google assistant can listen to your voice then transcribe it to text. Just like Siri etc sometimes someone has an acc...
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
lpanqm
How do spacecrafts send images from millions of kilometers away to the Earth?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "goab4my", "goabao1" ], "text": [ "Radio signals. Just like the Internet, the image is collected digitally, in an image sensor (= camera). Then it's broken into packets and sent over a digital radio network.", "We use something called the *Deep Space Network* which consists of large an...
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
lpbubh
More and more people are buying electric vehicles. Presumably, these will be charged at home in the evenings. Will this overload the electric system due to higher demand?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "goaj42t" ], "text": [ "It is unlikely, since the buying of electric vehicles is not a sudden event. Consumption will ramp up slowly, and since power companies are already ramping up production to keep up with increasing consumption in other areas it's really no different." ], "score": [ ...
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
lpcrj6
Why do remotes starting working again once you hit them?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "goapqh5" ], "text": [ "One working theory is that oxidation forms on the battery contacts which causes a poor connection. By hitting the remote it causes the batteries to change position slightly and causes the contacts to rub against the batteries like sandpaper, cleaning the contacts. This ...
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
lpferc
how do noise canceling earphones work
How does it work and how are they able to cancel out noise better than regular headphones?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gob6tvy", "gob41q2" ], "text": [ "To elaborate on clyde's answer for active noise cancelling: Sound waves can interfere with each other, just like any other wave. When one sound wave is telling a material to compress, and another sound wave is telling the same part of the same material to...
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
lpn64w
how come we can use telescopes to take long exposure images when the world spins?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "goc2rsj" ], "text": [ "Modern telescopes are computer controlled so you can track an object across the sky easily enough. The Earth isn't rotating that fast so it's not really a big issue. Or you can just let it blur and get cool images like [this]( URL_0 )" ], "score": [ 4 ], "te...
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
lps9tu
Why is it that when a new cellular network comes out (4G/5G) the previous version seems to be completely obsolete?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "god3l3e" ], "text": [ "Something is not right here since the previous generation should be largely unaffected for some time and there are plenty of 4G/LTE phones (most of them in fact) in service without trouble. (AT & T's 3G network is still online until next year actually.) I can't tell you...
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
lpy68d
Why does our power outlets have three different holes (live, neutral and ground)? Why can't there be just one?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "godmm6r", "godokxa", "godnm6h" ], "text": [ "Electricity has to run through something to work. Like a river through a waterwheel. Live is where the electricity is coming from. The high point of the water. The neutral is where the electricity is going after it flows through your device...
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
lpyzni
Why does computers have to work in binary?
Instead of only 1 and 0, what if there's an inbetween? So that 1 bit can have 3 possible state instead of just 2? Is binary the only way a computer could work or is binary the most efficient way of doing things? Basically my question is, if there is an alien race out there with advanced supercomputer, would they still ...
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "goduk5k", "godudu5", "godxym4", "godx7i9", "goduimx" ], "text": [ "They don't have to, it's just the easiest way to do it. We do know how to make a computer that uses base3 or higher, but it's just needlessly complicated for not much gain. \"No voltage\" and \"Yes voltage\" is...
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
lq0tjv
How does a CRT fire electrons at a screen with such accuracy?
So, I've been reading up on how a TV works - specifically, the older style ones. I've learned that they have a gun that fires electrons at the screen which 'lights up' the pixels because they are made of special materials. The thing that amazes me is how the electron gun can fire the electrons with such precision. The ...
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "goe48hr" ], "text": [ "CRT TV electron sources are stationary. The electron beam is deflected horizontally and vertically by specially-shaped electromagnet coils, controlled by a main circuit. That's why wide CRT screens were very deep and needed a deep shelf. The intensity of the electron be...
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
lq5ww7
Kubernetes
Please explain like I am 5.
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "goet92h" ], "text": [ "Have you looked at The illustrated Children’s Guide to Kubernetes?" ], "score": [ 3 ], "text_urls": [ [] ] }
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
lqbtb3
The Xbox Series X has its CPU and GPU on a single chip, but the CPU runs at 3.8 GHz and the GPU runs at only 1.8 GHz. Why can't the GPU run at 3.8 GHz too?
This also applies to the PS5, why can't the GPU run as fast as the CPU?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gofqqix", "gofqo38", "gofr4bw" ], "text": [ "I don't know if you are in the US but in high school in the US we have a thing called the PACER test for physical education. You have to run a small distance to get to a \"check point\" in under a few seconds, and you have to keep running b...
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
lqcplo
Are blank rounds harmless? What do they do?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "goftbvn", "goftcaq", "gofylpl" ], "text": [ "They are not harmless. They still create pressure in the chamber to simulate a live round. But because they create pressure, any debris in the barrel of the gun will be blown out at high velocity. People have died from being shot by guns no...
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
lqe136
How does a digital camera turn light from a lens into a series of 0s and 1s?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gofyvvo", "gofz346", "goggidi", "gog0d46" ], "text": [ "The sensor in a camera is made up of millions of tiny capacitors that can hold an electrical charge. Light from the lens is turned into a charge in the capacitor, with more charge building up the more intense the light is. Ci...
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
lqf0cz
how does the laser thermometer measure how hot/cold something is, by just shining on it with a few rays of laserlight?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gog2jgc" ], "text": [ "It has nothing to do with the laser, that is just an indicator to see where it is pointed. Instead the temperature is measured by gauging the frequency of infrared light the object emits, as that directly relates to the temperature of the object. If it gets hot enough t...
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
lqfrxu
What’s the difference between analog and digital?
I’m pretty sure that that analog signals is just a continuous stream of input versus digital which provides signals at discrete time steps. Why have we shifted from analog to digital for so many things? Wouldn’t a steady stream of information be of better use?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gog6ea2", "gog6o5s", "gog8xui" ], "text": [ "Really, the answer is 'computers'. Digital processing of information is much, much, much easier to do in a consistent, reliable, reproducible, controlled, fault-tolerant, noise-resistant manner. If we could build analog computers as good as...
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lqfu0c
Why does a phone's volume need to be increased to ear-hurting levels for a person to be able to hear a podcast over washing dishes when hearing another person speak live over the same sound is fine?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "goh0iaq" ], "text": [ "Sound is a signal via the movement of air. Look at the amount of air that the speaker in you phone can move as opposed to the amount of air a human's lungs would move to the same sound. The larger amount of air would help override the noise from the washing." ], "sc...
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[ "url" ]
lqhgl8
How do fax machines work?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gogeh1d", "gogiveu" ], "text": [ "Imagine taking a black and white picture. Divide the paper up in to lots of small squares. Then, through the image line by line and write down a 1 if a square is mostly black or a 0 if it is mostly white. Now you have a long list of 1s and 0s. Now you cal...
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lqxjki
In open world games like GTA 5, what happens to NPCs when no one is around? Do they still “move,” drive, etc?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "goiyav9", "goixxcl", "goixr1j" ], "text": [ "Videogames typically use a technique called \"Culling\", which basically means, when an object or a part of the map is not in view, or not in the area of the player, it is typically removed from the scene, to save memory/processing power. O...
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lr1uq4
Why are photographs rectangular, and not circular, like the shape of the lens?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gojh9d7", "gojjlal" ], "text": [ "The lens does not relate to the shape of the image. A rectangular lens will still produce a circular image. However, the thing that captures the image is a sensor within the camera, and this is most easily produced as a rectangle (as it is a grid).", ...
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lr21ld
How do those LED light therapy face masks work?
What are the benefits, and how does it get to the skin?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gojm05o" ], "text": [ "URL_0 There really isn't any strong evidence that they work at all. If they do work, it's by stimulating specific structures in the skin that have rejuvenating effects. Each color of light has a specific wavelength; red has the longest and violet the shortest. These wav...
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lrd5e1
Why do some links declare that they are redirecting you to a webpage, but others don't?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gokz091", "gokyxgp" ], "text": [ "It's set up as a courtesy within the website hosting the link as a warning in case you accidentally clicked it. This gives you time to cancel if you didn't intend to go there, or you identify that link as something you don't want to see or potentially uns...
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
lrirco
What is usenet?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "golulr7", "golvxia" ], "text": [ "It is an old protocol leftover from the early internet, like http or ftp. It is essentally a bulliten board format and it pretty much was the internet before web pages caught on. You could access it through almost anything, usually your email program. The...
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lrksud
What’s the deal about Roko’s basilisk?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gom8xaj", "gomjeid", "gom90f8" ], "text": [ "It's a thought experiment: * Let's say that, at some point in the future, a super-powerful AI will be created. * Once it comes into existence, it will punish everyone who *didn't* help bring it into existence. * One way it could punish them...
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lrwe4u
What is the difference between Saas(Software as a Service), PaaS (Platform as a Service), and IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service)?
I tried looking up the most simplest of explanations to these services but it just bamboozles the crap out of me. * SaaS, if am understanding the definition correctly, is what you can use on some centralized cloud platform that doesn't require you to install that software it on your system, e.g: Office suite, zendesk, ...
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gonxw0l", "gonzing" ], "text": [ "SaaS - a company has software that it created that you can use on a subscription basis. You are paying just to use their program. They host it and you access it in most cases. PaaS - a company has a virtual machine network for you to use to create and tes...
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ls2hi6
- Why are some LEDs unsuitable for use with dimmers?
When I build a simple circuit with an LED in series with some kind of variable resistor, then, as expected, changing the resistance varies the brightness of the LED, and I can't notice any flickering or anything like that. So why do LED light bulbs need to be specifically designed to work correctly with a dimmer switch...
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gootxy1", "goou3gy", "goouc48" ], "text": [ "Dimmer switches don't work by changing resistance. They essentially work by PWM, chopping the voltage on and off. And the PWM frequency is quite low because it's synced to the mains frequency st 60Hz which makes the electronics super cheap ...
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ls7ljt
Why can multiple apps use a mic at a time, yet only one app can use a webcam at once?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gopsryw" ], "text": [ "The biggest reason is that different programs encode the camera feed using different softwares behind the scenes. Generally speaking, making a computer translate a single feed into multiple simultaneous computer languages and output to different video-chat softwares is ...
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lscb54
Why is liquid metal like NaK used instead of water for cooling computers when water has > 4 times the heat capacitance?
Maybe it's not NaK, maybe another alloy; but anything short of liquid helium is nothing compared to water, deuterated or not, right? So why use NaK?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "goqah05", "goqay24", "gorcvd0", "goqarq9" ], "text": [ "Water has too low a boiling point. When it boils, the pressure increases significantly, making the required walls of the container much thicker, making the heat transfer less effective.", "It would appear that NaK is used...
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lsdqv7
Ultra Fast Charging in Smartphones, what is it and why does it took so long for us to achieve this?
Smartphones has been around for a decade now. The performance of today's chipsets has improved by maybe hundreds-thousands times compared to the first android phone. However, 65 Watt charging was less then 1-2 year ago (0-100% 4000mAh in 30 minute). . The public clearly demanded better battery life and charging, so the...
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "goqlsce" ], "text": [ "It's a limitation of Li-ion batteries. The full chemistry is pretty complicated and not my field, but in general, all lithium batteries like to be charged at a slow pace or they start to degrade (they degrade with charge cycles anyway, but a faster charge worsens this)....
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lsi2jb
Why Should We Not Wash A Cast Iron Skillet With Soap?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gorcrn6", "gorjp47" ], "text": [ "That's fake news, or at least outdated. This dates back to when soap was basically lye and wound destroy everything in its path, including the seasoning on a cast iron pan. Cast iron pans have nonstick properties because over time polymerised grease build...
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lsj1oo
What happens when servers ‘go down’, for example Xbox servers right now, and what do they do to fix them?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gorjp1e" ], "text": [ "Take your laptop for instance , if there are too many things open you hear the fan to start working. Keep opening applications and your computer will freeze up and you can't do anything because your ram is full and it can't complete the processes. Well this is likely wh...
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lsj97f
What are you doing to a game when you port it, besides changing the button mapping?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gork3qk" ], "text": [ "Some of the programming gets changed. Because each port is going to be running on different hardware/operating systems, some of the programming has to get tweaked/altered to make the game run just as well on the new platform." ], "score": [ 5 ], "text_urls":...
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lsmcu3
What are NTFs and how do people earn money from them?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gowje4e" ], "text": [ "I think you're talking about Non Fungible Tokens in Cryptocurrencies. A fungible item is an item that is replaceable, we could swap two dollars and it wouldn't make any difference. In terms of Cryptocurrencies, each Bitcoin is the same as every other Bitcoin. These coul...
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lsoctr
Why is film grain generally considered good, but digital noise is considered ugly?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gosedzn" ], "text": [ "I'm not sure what you're talking about film grain being \"good\". Film grain (in modern context) is used a visual effect to portray it as an older-style film in which film grains were unfortunately more common. They were never good, people would love to have never had f...
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lssyuk
How does code even work?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "got51a6", "got5am1" ], "text": [ "You write human readable code. The compiler or interpreter translates this into machine code. Machine commands are usually less powerful than those of higher languages, so a single function in your code might call many machine code instructions. These ins...
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lsuair
How can you "steal" source code of a program? If the program is already on your device, don't you already have access to it's code?
Thought about it when I've read news on how source code of the cyberpunk got stolen from CDPR.
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gotf6gc", "gotatu8", "gou9xwk" ], "text": [ "How can you steal the recipe for a cake ? If I already bought the cake, don't I have access to its recipe ? Basically the same thing. Sure, you can guess parts of the recipe of a cake (like whether it uses chocolate, stuff like that), but y...
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lt30f3
an ozone generator? How? Why?
We are temporarily staying with friends after our home burned down. We stay in a small, removed...hut? Shack?... behind the house. The house is old, railway origins, and has some reoccurring mold (not black, yet) in the bathroom. Friend comes to warn us that they set up an ozone generator overnight, they’re not sleepin...
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gourtfw" ], "text": [ "Ozone is an oxygen molecule made up of 3 oxygen atoms instead of 2. It's naturally created by lightning strikes and UV radiation high in the atmosphere. It's kinda poisonous in large amounts because it oxidizes (rusts) shit *real* hard - harder than normal O2 molecules....
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lt3fcm
how do docking stations work?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gouwhst" ], "text": [ "Older docks have a connection on the bottom with a couple dozen wires. These are literally the same to the machine as if it had all the ports a dock has. The dock just connects the ports to these wires. Newer docks are a piece of hardware with all the chips and wiring f...
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lt3pev
Why do motion sensor nightlights sometimes turn on even when nothing is there to trigger it?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gov35l7", "gouzihs", "gov93gh", "gov8ohi" ], "text": [ "Wind, dust in the air, bits of leaf debris, small wildlife, bug on the sensor, if the sensor is particularly sensitive it could well pick any of these up.", "Ive always thought static electricity? There are various opinio...
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lt4htj
Why can't cell phone manufacturers use carbon fibre to build phone body instead of plastic, ceramic, glass, etc. ?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gov55cr", "gov6233", "gpawvhe", "gov5bzt" ], "text": [ "They totally could. Why would they? Carbon fiber scratches fairly easily and can shatter. It's biggest advantage is being lightweight, which isn't super necessary for a tiny phone anyway. Plastic's way cheaper and plenty dura...
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lt517d
What would happen if i plug my headphones into an outlet?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gov99sb", "govh9w0", "govagr7" ], "text": [ "I'm assuming you're talking about connecting a USB headphone into a USB charger. If everything is built strictly to protocol specifications, nothing. If not, then anything from fried headphones to electric shock.", "Nothing. The lines t...
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lt85s3
What Edward Snowden did?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gow2i5c", "gowgmay" ], "text": [ "He told the world that the American government was breaking its own laws by spying on everyone without any sort of legal process.", "So Edward Snowden worked at the NSA. Which means he was computer spy. While working there he saw the NSA was spying on...
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lt9may
Why do pilots always say we’ll be able to “make up time in the air”?
Whenever a plane is a little late taking off, the pilot will say that we will be able to make up time in the air. What does that mean, and if we’re able to make the plane go faster to make up time, why can’t they make the flight shorter to begin with?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gowffwr", "gowpeuq" ], "text": [ "Its less fuel efficient to fly faster. If everything is going ok they will fly at a more efficient speed to save money. However if the plane is late to take off it may be worth it to go a little faster so that the next flight isn't also late.", "As ot...
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ltdok3
How do companies decide which fonts to use for their software?
Do they base it off of popularity polls or something like simplicity? You never see elaborate fonts used which makes sense because consumers likely have difficulty reading them (if they're used for generic text as opposed to headers or something of the like).
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "goxd6bn" ], "text": [ "A combination of \"the skill and expertise of their designer\", and \"arbitrarily, based on an executive's whim\"." ], "score": [ 8 ], "text_urls": [ [] ] }
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ltfl8c
Modern filming techniques vs 90s (?)
This question requires some set up...Im not a film nerd in any sense So im not sure what the proper terminology is for all these things...Iv recently come across the 24 hour version of Pharrell Williams's - Happy and the type of filming it used felt oddly nostalgic I tried googling some stuff but never got any good res...
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "goydim0" ], "text": [ "I am going to believe you are describing one aspect of a production shot on film versus modern digital recording. Film cameras were the shit, still great, but like wine corks versus screw tops eventually practicality and cost and availability and ease-of-use wins out an...
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ltja6n
Why can my laptop play realistic games like Hitman 3 smoothly, but lags like hell with Minecraft shaders?
I use a lenovo legion 5
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "goykq17", "gozolig", "goyva7b", "gp12fvf" ], "text": [ "Quality of code can differ from a shaffer made by a fan and a professionnal game studio. Also minecraft is in java so it slow from start.", "Realistic games don't look realistic because somebody just went and made the sha...
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ltjv9g
How does a radio receiver discriminate between different signals?
If there are lots of different radio signals with the same or very similar wavelengths, how is it possible for a radio to pick up just one signal?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "goyrlw8" ], "text": [ "In general, it can't. If two signals over lap, both will be received and will, generally, garble the message. While frequency - the number of oscillations of the carrier signal - is important, bandwidth - the \"width\" of the information in hertz - is important, too. Fo...
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ltnhtc
How hard is it to hotwire a car?
Like when you turn the key in a car, it completes a circuit right? How hard is it to just take the wire connected to the switch and touch them together?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gozq9ps", "gozvl34", "gozteur", "gozwiw5" ], "text": [ "Newer cars are basically impossible . Older cars such as a 1996 Honda Accord for example you can hop in and have it going in 45 seconds .", "Older cars are as easy as you describe. You just need to provide power to the ig...
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ltt1mr
How does geothermal energy work?
and how does it compare to carbon emissions?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gp1kk29" ], "text": [ "Power plants all use the same principal, generate heat to produce steam to spin a turbine. Geothermal uses heat from in the Earth as that source of heat, instead of burning coal/gas. You run some pipes into the ground where there is natural geothermal activity, the wate...
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ltvnco
Is there any strategical or functional advantage to the shape of the B-2 stealth bomber? Why is it so geometrical?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gp2nc7k", "gp2cs0h" ], "text": [ "I know this is slightly left of topic, but I'm a bas-relief sculptor, working mostly for coins. Once, I had to sculpt a stealth fighter for a coin series about planes. Bas relief relies on light and shadow to create the illusion of form where there isn't ...
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ltw34a
If a gigabyte is 10^9 bytes, then why do common technologies use numbers like 32, 64, 128, 256 gigabytes instead of something like 100, 200, 500 to easily file into 10s?
What is the purpose of these seemingly arbitrary multiples of 2
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gp2hbbr", "gp2nxz0", "gp2pbtj" ], "text": [ "It's important not to mix up gibibytes and gigabytes. Colloquially we use the word \"gigabytes\" for gibibytes but one is base 10 and the other is base 2. 2^30 vs 10^9", "In low level, computers don’t work in base 10, only in base 2 (bi...
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ltwyjo
Why does computer memory and storage capacities always double? ie 16gb, 32gb, 64gb, 128gb.... etc
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gp2rnxi", "gp2rszx" ], "text": [ "This is actually a question fairly like another question asked here just a couple of minutes ago. [ URL_1 ]( URL_0 ) I think the comments on that thread can answer your question as well ;) & #x200B; OK short edit. In addition to it being easy for computer...
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lu6t69
How does a manual credit card machine work?
What the titles says. I mean I can imagine it creates a copy of the card with a paper but how is the money actually taken out?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gp4i9t6", "gp4i4gi" ], "text": [ "Way back when, those credit card charge slips were sent to credit card companies. Some bookkeeper would go through those slips, and remove the funds from their user's cards. Then, the credit card companies would deduct their merchant fees and cut checks t...
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lu9m7j
What exactly is the "Great Filter" theory, and how does it work?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gp57l4q", "gp50cbh" ], "text": [ "To explain the idea behind the Great Filter, I first have to tell you about the Fermi paradox. The idea was first brought up by Enrico Fermi, one of the scientist behind the creation of atomic bomb. Fermi pointed out that the universe was very, very big b...
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lud9ho
How is it that software run ON operating system but not software and operating system are 2 independent programs running on the same resources?
Both software and the operating system use the same resources like RAM, hard disk, processor etc. Shouldn't they be 2 different programs that run on the same resources? How is it that software run on top of operating system when they are running on the same resources side by side?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gp5uu1b", "gp5tacz" ], "text": [ "The whole notion of \"programs\" is something operating systems create. Without an operating system there's no such thing as \"2 different programs\". The CPU is just hardcoded to load some code from a fixed location on boot, and start running it. Back be...
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luklxw
If it gets leaked so often, why do game developers put files in a game before they release them?
Like when they put data files in a game, then data miners find the information and leak it. Can't they just copy the files onto a separate server that the public can't access and then move them over so the files don't have to be planted there first? Is this out of convenience or is it something technical I don't unders...
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gp6xe5h", "gp709oy" ], "text": [ "Less data to have to transfer at launch. If you literally just had 100% digital downloads for everything with no pre-downloaded files, that's a lot more data that needs to be uploaded to thousands/tens of thousands/hundreds of thousands of people at the s...
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luqp0n
If an electric car plugs into an outlet that takes its power from coal or gas, isn’t that just trading one pollution for another?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gp8914l", "gp9b62h", "gp88hcc", "gp88lzt", "gp8bzea", "gp895f2", "gp9yn7t", "gpa2uot", "gpa4c3i", "gpa1ijl", "gp9pvt8" ], "text": [ "Yes, but that's not a bad thing. Even in an old coal-fired plant the conversion is much more efficient than in an automo...
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luyss9
what is the advantage of being in a location with a few wireless access points over one where you have a lot?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gp9gs8u" ], "text": [ "Wireless networking uses radio waves within a fairly narrow band, and the range of channels is such that there are only about three that don’t overlap at all, and 11 total with some amount of overlap with their neighbors. The problem this causes is that someone trying t...
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lv0rdb
How do touch-less thermometers work?
I feel like they aren’t nearly as accurate as you would think? At my work one day I was read 94.7 and I know that’s not true.
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gp9qfp0", "gp9qoan", "gp9s4dl" ], "text": [ "Every object in the universe that isn't at absolute zero glows. This is called black-body radiation. Something has to get quite hot, about 1,000 F, to glow in the visible spectrum of light. But, things that are about 100 F will glow in the ...
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lv6bti
- When tv shows replay footage from several years ago, it looks grainy and incredibly old. But when watching it those years ago, I didn't notice this. Is there a reason by why this is the case?
Additional info, I was watching something on TV today which replayed some live footage from 2006. But the clarity of the footage seemed like it was recording 10 years before that point.
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gpadncr", "gpb9xci" ], "text": [ "Yes. Old TVs don't show defects in the image as clearly as modern ones. Also, analog signals lose quality when recorded.", "Couple of reasons Back then the quality of the footage was the best it could be, you didn't have anything to compare it to Olde...
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lv92k4
What is threat modeling and how does it work for cyber security companies?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gpapal5" ], "text": [ "Threat modeling is making a model of your security measures so that you can identify how various different threats might attack you. If you compare it to a physical scenario it is like going around looking for how different people might possibly get through your fences ...
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lvf0aw
How does a computer generate sound and music that then transfers it into headphones that then play it to our ears?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gpbj8ww", "gpbjm3v" ], "text": [ "Sound is vibrations in the air. The faster the vibrations, the higher the pitch. A computer is sending a very complicated digital signal to the little speaker in the headphone. That signal tells an electromagnet when to turn off and turn on, which causes ...
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[ "url" ]
lvgp7l
Why Aren't There Many Bluetooth Mobile Games?
It isn't a new technology and was used in Nintendo DS to play multiplayer offline. What is the reason behind not making more mobile games or apps that have this technology so you can do more when you aren't connected?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gpbxh82" ], "text": [ "Much lower bandwidth, lower range and ability to propagate between walls, potentially more security concerns with having two devices paired together via bluetooth, less stable, and more cumbersome to start the connection as compared to wifi. The only benefits that Bluet...
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lvnttm
Why can't you just program a robot to click the "I'm not a robot" sign?
Sorry for my bad english, i hope y'all can understand it. Have a nice day!
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gpcti1q", "gpctdbx", "gpctiwa", "gpd00li", "gpcxfl0", "gpctv0v", "gpcvmoa", "gpdb6z3" ], "text": [ "they totally can, i found a video on youtube where some robot did exactly this the part that is supposed to catch them is the capcha that follows", "You can. And...
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