q_id stringlengths 6 6 | title stringlengths 4 294 | selftext stringlengths 0 2.48k | category stringclasses 1
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b5i73j | Why do clocks sound like "tick tock" instead of "tick tick" or "tock tock"? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
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"text": [
"On pendulum clocks one direction of the swing moves the gear forward, while the other direction of the swing hooks the tooth of the next gear, so the even and odd clicks usually have a different tone."
],
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3
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b5jodf | How does food "contaminate" plastic? | I have heard that most food packaging is thrown away and sorted into general waste (a.k.a landfill) because the food residue interferes with the plastic recycling process. Is this true? If so, please ELI5 me | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"ejdyit2"
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"text": [
"Let's say you have two tons of virgin plastic pellets at your factory. You are going to melt them down and mold them into 1 million dollars worth of Tupperware. Right before they go into the melting oven a disgruntled employee takes a massive shit into the pellets. Do y... | [
"url"
] | [
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b5m7t0 | Why do some radio/alarm clocks have antennas that are just long wires? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"ejeew6z",
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"text": [
"Most FM radio antennas are just long thin bits of metal. It doesn't much matter whether it's a rod or a wire, and wires are cheap.",
"Because radio signals are just invisible electromagnetic waves blasting through the air around us. Depending on where... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
b5p4no | Why cars have driver seat on the side of the vehicle and not in the middle? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
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"text": [
"Lane visibility, by having the drivers seat, and steering wheel on the side closest to the middle of the toad it gives the driver the best visibility of the road ahead. It’s also more of an effort to get in and out of a car if the drivers seat is central.... | [
"url"
] | [
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] | |
b5pu6k | why is it that we use petrol as fuel when alcohol is both cheaper and easier to produce? | what cons does ethanol have compared to petrol? one thing i'm certain about is that ethanol is both cheaper and easier to produce. should have cons then. what's that? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
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"text": [
"* It isn't as energy-dense; 20 liters of petrol is about equal to 30 liters of ethanol. This means cars either can't travel as far on existing tanks, or would need bigger tanks (and thus need to lug around more heavy fuel, reducing fuel eco... | [
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] | [
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b5qy23 | Why do windows apps since the install shield wizard install crapola all over the place and need an uninstaller? | What’s the advantage over just having everything under one parent folder? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"It is because a lot of apps can share common components, but if they are all in their own folders, it would be an inefficient use of storage, due to duplication."
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b5wnpa | In a URL, if it doesn't matter if letters are uppercase or lowercase, why do some URLs have some uppercase and some lowercase? | I'm talking about the random letters and numbers and stuff at the end of a URL like: kOuy-8crzV0 Is there any reason why the O and V in that case are uppercase while the rest of the letters aren't? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"ejgemac"
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"text": [
"Case does not matter in domain names, but servers absolutely can (and most do) distinguish case in directory and file names. You haven't given a full URL, but I suspect your example is actually a unique ID/code of some sort being passed as an argument to the server for ... | [
"url"
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b5xosu | Before binary code and how it knows what it was doing. | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
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"text": [
"Computers made using what are called logic gates. Essentially, you have two wires going into the gate and one going out. Each input wire can be turned on or off, and the output wire depends on what kind of gate it is and what the inputs are. In an AND gat... | [
"url"
] | [
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b5xvg1 | Why do buffer overflows allow an entry point for exploits? | I don't understand how more data than expected can allow for unsigned code? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
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"ejgyn7v",
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"text": [
"Think of a buffer like a wall of PO Boxes at a shipping store. Each part of memory (the wall) has its own unique shipping address. A computer program needs a certain number of memory addresses/PO boxes in order to fit into the memory buffer, and this can ... | [
"url"
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b5zsvp | Why does space rockets only use fuel and not other energy sources like electric, etc. ? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
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"text": [
"Rockets operate in space by throwing mass in the opposite direction of where they want to go. Whether they get their power from a chemical reaction or a battery or a nuclear reactor, they still have to carry propellant on board. Every ounce... | [
"url"
] | [
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b607w5 | How do scientists track the temperature of the ocean? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"ejhff5x"
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"text": [
"There are many different instruments that work together to give us a global view of the ocean. 1) **Infrared Satellites** can measure the amount of infrared light coming from the surface and infer the temperature of the ocean. But they only see the very topmost surface,... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
b60sof | What is happening to the pixels of a gray-scale image when we resize them to a smaller image? | If we were to use an 8-bit 2000px by 2000px image as an example, I understand that for each pixel there is a value that is between 0 and 255. I'm struggling to understand what is being done to the pixel values and their rearrangement if we were to decrease the size of the image (for example by a quarter) to 1000px by 1... | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"ejh9sah"
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"text": [
"in your example the image actually goes from 4 megapixels to 1 megapixel. So, you reduce four pixels to one pixel. Take the top left corner: take four pixels, average out the values, make that average into one pixel. Now do it to the rest."
],
"score": [
3
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... | [
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b65zvl | How do quartz watch movement system work ? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"eji3kz8"
],
"text": [
"The bit of physics that needs to be known here is something called the *piezoelectric effect,* where squeezing or deforming a crystalline material generates an electric field. Importantly, this effect works in reverse -- applying an electric field to a piezoelectric mat... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
b66h6v | I cannot understand a Vigenere Cipher, please help | My husband has a project due and he needs a partner for a Vigenere Cipher. I've watched videos, he's tried to explain it to me and I just do not get it at all. It makes ZERO sense to me and all that happens is that I get angry...like Monopoly angry...please help me understand this stupid cipher so I can help my husband... | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"ejibe5c"
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"text": [
"> How do you get a keyword? Do you just make it up? Yes. > If the message has two of one letter (for example \"apple\") why doesn't the ciphered txt have repeating letters? Each letter of output depends both on the input letter and the key letter. The same combination o... | [
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] | [
"url"
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b6ahq9 | How do prosthetics, including a glass eye, move with the body? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"ejj2f5a",
"ejj6bdh"
],
"text": [
"I know glass eyes have a depression in the back that is fitted to a group of muscles so it twitches with the muscles that control both eyes.",
"It depends entirely on what type of prosthetic you are talking about. Glass eyes are actually going to be c... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
b6akca | Why is there always static/interference during hold music when the person on the other end is crystal clear? | Is it intentional to make people hang up or is there another explanation? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"ejjehep"
],
"text": [
"To transmit sound over a telephone connection most efficiently, it is encoded at one end and decoded at the other end. These encoders and decoders (I'll call them CODECS from now on) are designed to work very efficiently, using minimum processing power on your phone (sa... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
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b6cadm | The difference between the degrees and the warm/cold settings on a split system air-conditioner. | Long time lurker, first time poster to ELI5. Apologies if I haven't titled this correctly. & #x200B; I am working in a small office today and we have set the air-conditioner to warm and 22C. But my co-worker and I questioned what is the difference between 22C warm and 22C cold. We just thought 22C is just 22C. | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"ejjf67j"
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"text": [
"Warm=keeping room temp above set temp Cool=keeping room temp below set temp The temp you set the thermostat to isn't necessarily going to be the room temp, it's just the temp that activates the system."
],
"score": [
7
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b6cdtb | How did we reach a point where there are 2 and just 2 major types of phones (iPhone and Android)? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
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"text": [
"The problem is that software ecosystems are a *winner take most* game. If I have to write an app for each model of phone, I can't afford to write 10, so I ask \"which phones are most popular?\" Having lots more... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
b6cj5m | how does a charger charge your phone for a split second after it was removed from the socket? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"ejjh99k",
"ejjh1i7"
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"text": [
"Do you think because the icon shows charging that it is actually charging? Or the software just hasn't updated the screen yet?",
"It contains a *capacitor,* a little power holding device, which is loaded up with power from the outlet. It takes a momen... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
b6cny8 | Is there a reason why it using more than two powerful graphics cards together doesn't have a drastic increase in gaming capabilities? For example, 4 2080Ti GPU's running together doesn't seem to give four times the gaming power. | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"ejji2nv"
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"text": [
"You are not running a program that efficiently utilizes the 4 GPU cards, they're like $1000 each. This is likely because very, very few people buy that configuration. The game is better optimized for typical hardware."
],
"score": [
7
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[... | [
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b6efj4 | Why did rotary phones exist before buttons? They look needlessly complicated. | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"ejjvf6a",
"ejjviw1"
],
"text": [
"Basically it was a method of sending a signal on the line indicating who to call, before we had the technology available to use tones. Same as with any older tech. An old floppy disc has moving parts. An SSD doesnt. Most would say the SSD is more complica... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
b6fxb5 | How does a single LED produce multiple colours? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"ejk4b9m",
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"ejk7di5"
],
"text": [
"They don't. Each LED junction can only produce one wavelength, in fact, LEDs are famous for their narrow bandwidth. When we want a multicolour LED, what we do is embed a red, green, blue (and optionally white) LED junction on the same devic... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
b6j73e | how can one speaker produce multiple sounds at the same time? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"ejkpnef"
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"text": [
"The sound your ears hear and the brain processes is always a combined waveform of many sounds all at different frequencies and pitch. The brain the processes them and can pick out timbre, pitch, and volume and deconstruct them so you can pick out the violin or trumpet f... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
b6kv4d | How is a heart transplant possible ? | I mean, during a heart transplant I assume there's a moment where the patient's heart is removed to be replaced, how can the person survive without a heart ? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"ejl2dpt",
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"text": [
"Their blood is \"re-routed\" through an external pump while the hearts are being swapped out. Your heart is basically just a pump. As long as \"something\" is pushing the blood through the other vital organs you can live without it (for a while anyway)",
... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] |
b6ov0s | How do astronauts communicate with the planet Earth? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"ejm1ent"
],
"text": [
"The main way is by radio, in the S-Band and the Ku-Band. These are bands of frequencies that can be used to communicate, the S Band is typically used for Radar and things, but also includes Wi-Fi and microwaves, and the Ku Band is used for satellites (like the ISS!). A ... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
b6risy | How do sports video games simulate matches against each other during a season or tournament mode? Is it completely random or based on some sort of algorithm? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"ejmwih2"
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"text": [
"Could you clarify your question a little? Are you talking about the AI within the game (throwing balls, passing, etc.) Or are you referring to the actual selection of teams that will be combated against each other? Edit: I'd be happy to explain either, it's just I'm on ... | [
"url"
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"url"
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b6s8j8 | Advancements in audio technology have led to the development of incredible microphones, speakers, etc. We also crank out new generations of cell phones. Why do cell phone speakers and microphones sound like phones from 30 years ago? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"Great minds think alike. I've searched tha seven seas fer an answer. Yer not alone in askin', and kind strangers have explained: 1. [ELI5: Why, in the modern age of \"HD\" obsession do phone conversations still sound like you... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
b6vomm | How do services like 23 & me know who your ancestors are? Do they somehow have access to the DNA of people long dead? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
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"text": [
"They (sorta) do. Genes are weird and complex things. There's the obvious ones - hair colour, eye colour and the like - but there's also some that only have subtle effects, or none at all. Importa... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
b6w3t5 | How does a phone make itself vibrate when a call or text comes in? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"ejne351",
"ejne4ny"
],
"text": [
"There is a small motor that spins with an off-center weight that make the phone vibrates. So when someone calls the motor activates and the weight makes the phone shake that we feel as vibrations.",
"there is a thing called a vibrator motor inside the... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
b6wdcg | Why are records still made of vinyl? I know they're more of a collector's item nowadays, but haven't we invented any materials that are more durable or would otherwise be better for the job? | My boyfriend is really into records and he's tired of me pestering him about this. I've heard that records used to be made of something called shellac and then it turned into vinyl around the 1930s. But that only caught on when they started using lighter needles that didn't damage the record. It's almost 90 years later... | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
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"text": [
"Audio for records is recorded to a surface that is scratched... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
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b6wmms | How do over the air transmissions (tv,radio) know how many are listening/watching to gauge the popularity/success of songs/programs? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"ejnik3z",
"ejniqwp",
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"text": [
"They don’t. However polling, streaming services, and in home devices like the Nielsen program allow statistics to be computed and extrapolated to the larger population set.",
"They don't. Broadcast companies pay to group of people (hund... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
b6x2x3 | How do aquariums keep their water so clear without burning or killing the animals with chlorine or other chemicals? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"ejnkhpf",
"ejnl5tw",
"ejnkhg7"
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"text": [
"Filtration, there are a lot of different styles of filters but basically you run water through them and they pull out the nasty stuff. You also do regular partial water changes. You may even have cleaner snails/shrimp in their eating the st... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
b6xci9 | In an episode of "That 70's Show", one of the characters modifies the game "Pong" so the paddles were smaller by tinkering with the hardware of the console. Would this have actually been possible? Was there no software involved in the earliest computer games? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"ejnnhqx"
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"text": [
"Yes, Pong was entirely in hardware. It was notoriously complex; schematics were provided in some cases, but extremely hard to read and spotty. A huge amount of the circuitry was devoted to handling the vertical & horizontal sync of CRT screens; this formed the basis of ... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
b6xcu3 | Why are number keypads on keyboards and phone dialpads oriented oppositely? | Back in the day when one would actually have to dial telephone numbers I would suddenly be an idiot with Parkinson's and end up dialing gibberish numbers to nobody I knew. | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"ejnozzx",
"ejnmu3t"
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"text": [
"PC keyboard number-pads were made to mimc calculators/adding machines that had been used by accountants and the like for nearly a century. Nobody knows why the adding machine layout is the way it is. If there was a reason, it's lost to history. When the T... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] |
b6y6va | Why is it impossible for the phone company to identify the origin of a call? | (edit) I'm sorry for wasting everyone's time. I genuinely find it absurd that the phone company is completely out of the loop in our technological era where the human genome can be tinkered with, missiles can be launched to other planets, and my cable company knows in seconds if I try to stream Law and Order from a hot... | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"ejntxfp"
],
"text": [
"Phone numbers are not unique to people, they are easily changed if desired and can't be used to clearly identify who placed a call (only who is currently registered to a number, assuming fake information wasn't used). Managing a system to identify and block spam/scam/et... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] |
b6zfd9 | What happens inside the computer when you, for example save a word document onto the hard drive? | To rephrase it, how does a computer store data? What is the process?? I know the computer reads binary numbers but when you save a document, does the CPU recognize it and then sends the signal to the hard drive? Thank you reddit | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"ejo54sk"
],
"text": [
"There's a pretty big difference in recording data on a hard drive and a solid state drive/flash drive. For a hard drive, there are several magnetic platters stacked on top of each other, for maximum data storage. The platters are spun at high speeds (7200RPM) and a read... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] |
b6zi6p | Why are camera lenses round instead of the same shape as the photo they produce? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"ejo87qw"
],
"text": [
"Lenses typically use spherical surfaces in order to not get any distortion. Historically, the easiest way to do this is to use a round piece of glass when grinding the lens. This is the same reason many early eyeglasses have round lenses. While you could then cut the le... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
b702c0 | How do album remasters work? | How do good remasters have such a huge difference in quality while using the same recording? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"ejo8yks"
],
"text": [
"Mastering is just transferring the final mixed tape onto a new media for sales (vinyl, CD, cassette). & #x200B; The original recording tapes for the album are very high fidelity and sound quality. Assuming it's not going to be re-mixed, they will transfer the original t... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] |
b70vtb | Why do records sound better than digital? | So I recently got into collecting vinyls, and I’ve always heard people say that they provide higher fidelity audio quality. I am running my turntable through a Bose speaker, but even if I play the same song off Spotify right after I play it on vinyl, it doesn’t sound nearly as rich, even through all the clicks and pops... | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"ejom8wb",
"ejofjo0"
],
"text": [
"> I’ve always heard people say that they provide higher fidelity audio quality That is actually false. Digital can provide higher fidelity than vinyl. People will say that vinyl can \"exactly reproduce\" the sound wave and digital is necessarily \"choppy,... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] |
b71ob0 | what even are GPUs? are they just floating point processors? | I'm gonna be honest, I know just a little because I write code that takes advantage of floating point stuff for calculations, but any explanation of how it works on the hardware level was always so hard for me to understand | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"ejorcfc",
"ejownf3"
],
"text": [
"Fundamentally, they're \"just\" processors, the same as a CPU. However, they're processors that are designed specifically for 3D graphics workloads, rather than general-purpose computing. So what does this mean in practice? One point is that 3D graphics a... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
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b73io9 | how does a timer work on really small, usually cheap , electronic items? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"ejpro5b"
],
"text": [
"In general there are 2 types of clocks in use today: 1. RC oscillator. This is usually integrated into an integrated circuit, and usually has something like 2% accuracy. So it is sufficient for running a system that doesn't require very precise clock frequencies. It is ... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
b73mgf | How do bugs in video games pop up in a certain function when the developers update a completely unrelated feature? | Thought about this today as Minecraft got another snapshot where the devs added/fixed some features with villagers, but there’s a bug where texture packs can’t be changed. How can this happen? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"ejp2i0n",
"ejp5r1e"
],
"text": [
"Because programs are very complex. And video games are even more complex. Code, especially code worked on by entire teams, can get pretty spiderweb-like. Tiny changes in one thing can cascade into bigger and bigger hiccups elsewhere, even when seemingly d... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] |
b73vb3 | how does wifi work on transport? | So I understand that the WiFi in my house works from the router. Which is then a mainline to somewhere else. But how does it work on planes. Train buses and anything else that moves? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"ejp2q4a"
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"text": [
"They have routers too. Which is simply connected usually via sattelite to \"somewhere else\""
],
"score": [
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b754g9 | How does URL_0 (aka Google), manage it's storage and bandwidth costs when thousands of videos are uploaded and stored daily? Do the advertisers actually cover its costs? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"ejpeymo",
"ejpqddt"
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"text": [
"Do advertisers actually cover the costs? Yes. That's the business model of google. That's how they set their prices. How does google do it? They have a lot of infrastructure, and a lot of smart people working for them who spend all their time at work comi... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
b7ckl1 | Why do the vast majority of online forms consider apostrophes and hyphens invalid characters? | I have an apostrophe in my last name, and 9 times out of 10 when I’m filling out an online form I’ll get an error message saying I’ve entered an invalid character. I’ve been told people with hyphens in their names encounter the same thing. Why is that the case? Is it just lazy programming? How easily can it be fixed? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"ejqs6dc",
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"ejrauch",
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"text": [
"For a long time, the people who built forms online spent a lot of time trying to create rules that would keep out bad data. Anecdotally, this was often driven by the presumption that human users were likely to fill out forms ... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] |
b7crko | How does the transmission speeds across twisted pair cables keep getting faster with each new category (Cat5, Cat6, Cat7, etc...) When it is still essentially just four twisted pair copper cables? | See title. | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
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"text": [
"The copper cables themselves haven't really changed much, but the insulation between them and shielding around them reduce interference and noise. The data doesn't get from one end of the cable to the other any faster, but yo... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] |
b7diz3 | How do open world games go without interstitial loading screens? | So if you’re playing a typical non-open world game, every time you lose a life or enter a new area, you have to sit through a couple minutes of loading screens. How do open world games circumvent this, to create a seamless experience as you transition from one area to the next? Is an open world game continually “stream... | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"ejqx8z8"
],
"text": [
"Yes, that's exactly what it is doing. The open world is split in to sections, and only the section the player is close to is loaded. You notice if you die in open world games it will take a bit of time to load the area you respawn in."
],
"score": [
4
],
"te... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] |
b7l4rs | How did people accurately (air pressue changes due to weather) determine mountain hights before the use of GPS? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"ejsj6y2",
"ejskl2e"
],
"text": [
"Mathematics. Primarily it involves measuring the angles and then complex math. It's more complicated than that but basically a tripod mounted telescope called a theodolite. It wasn't perfect, but if you can figure out some angles,then comparing to other s... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
b7lawi | how do software based random number generators produce truly random numbers? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"ejskcw8",
"ejsjek4",
"ejsjisb",
"ejspa22"
],
"text": [
"They don't, usually. They use what's called a pseudo random number generator (PNRG). The idea is to use an algorithm so close to randomness you can consider it random. The trick is that PRNGs are \"seeded\" with a value that ... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
b7nlcp | How are music files so small when the state of the waveform is saved 48000 times per second? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"ejswi4g"
],
"text": [
"MP3s are compressed lossy files. This means that when the files are generated from the original, there is a setting in the algorithm that allows one to set the 'quality' or size of the resulting file. The files don't contain the original data, but details of what the or... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
b7oagb | How do military planes target? | How does a plane (like an A-10) target and fire with such accuracy so high up at such a fast speed? Is there a guy on the ground shining a laser at the target? Satalites? An on board targeting system? A mixture? Is it anything like this video (ARMA 3) URL_0 He's using it drop a JDAM, but it's pretty much the same for s... | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"ejt1pxf"
],
"text": [
"A-10 in neither fast and can not operate at high altitude compared to fighter and even bombers are faster. It is designed for ground attack so it is rather slow and optimized for low level operations. & #x200B; If you a computer game to compare too look at videos from D... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] |
b7q2gq | Why are there so many hackers and bots from East Asian servers on many games? | PUBG, CSGO, APEX LEGENDS, FORTNITE and a lot of other games have people complaining about hackers on their subreddits. Those people who complain are mostly from East Asia and I believe most of them are from China. So why are there son many hackers from China? Can't people from EU or NA also hack or create bots? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"ejtqeud",
"ejtezwn"
],
"text": [
"Not a complete answer, but something to consider is that there are just a lot more people in general in East Asia. Even if they had the same rate of hacking, you would be very likely to encounter East Asian hackers compared to Western/European ones.",
... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] |
b7t6s6 | how do wireless chargers work? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"eju2ybc"
],
"text": [
"The charger unit contains a coil of wire that basically forms one half of an electrical transformer. The other coil is in the phone. Varying current in the first coil creates an alternating magnetic field through the coil centre. The phone's coil sits on top, and the va... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
b7uz07 | How are some IG accounts selling "verification badge" like the celebrities own? | I've been seeing a lot of people claiming they sell verification badge and actually own one themselves despite not having a lot of followers nor being celebrities. How are they doing this? Is this legit? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"ejuiuqo"
],
"text": [
"From what I've been reading, Instagram is almost giving those things away for the asking, so most likely they are just applying for them for you the legit way knowing that they will almost certain be fulfilled for you. In other words, you could do it for yourself for fr... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] |
b7vmxt | Why does Iron Man’s armor in movies look faker than it did a decade ago? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"ejujcgg",
"ejuko8i"
],
"text": [
"Because it’s supposed to be hyper-futuristic these days. When the iron man series started in the mcu, it was meant to look more current and semi-possible. For example, in the first movie he slows down with air breaks, large broad surfaces that are meant t... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
b7w115 | How does calling 911 work in terms of connecting you to your closest 911 center? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"ejukyi0",
"ejuuzro",
"ejuk6bu",
"ejuknub",
"ejukwt0"
],
"text": [
"The emergency 911 call is routed to the local call center based on the origin location of the calling party. If it was from a landline then there is obviously a registered address where that phone is calling fr... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
b7w701 | Do modern fax machines make that screechy dial up noise out of necessity or is it something it is programmed to do for consistency/familiarity? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"ejulkbd",
"ejulrgj",
"ejuo1ub",
"ejuyh78",
"ejv28a0"
],
"text": [
"No, they do it because it is still the protocol for talking over the telephone line to the other fax machine. The tones are actually what is being transmitted over the line and being able to hear them might hel... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
b83qf4 | How do radio staions find out ratings? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"ejvowc9",
"ejvpdzh"
],
"text": [
"It used to be a journal that you filled out saying what station you listened to and at what times. Now they have a pager like device that you carry with you, and that will pick up the secondary signals the radio stations send out. This lets them know exac... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
b859w6 | What is the difference between "Frames Per Second" (FPS) and "Refresh Rate" (Hz)? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"ejvx8bx"
],
"text": [
"Refresh rate - how often the screen itself is refreshed. It is completely independent of frames per second since you still have refreshes even with a static image. & #x200B; FPS - How many frames per second of a moving picture are displayed."
],
"score": [
7
]... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
b896ls | Why is it that when rotors spin and increase speed, there is a point where they look to slow down and change direction? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"ejwk5b7"
],
"text": [
"It's an effect termed 'spatial aliasing'. Imagine you've got a rotor spinning 30 times per second. Now, what happens if you take a picture of that rotor 30 times per second? If you think about it for a moment, you'll realize that every one of your pictures will have the... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
b8d4yh | How do technological devices that use magnets not ruin the circuits within the same device? (E.g Airpods, laptops.. etc.) | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"ejxak12",
"ejxi7wm"
],
"text": [
"TLDR: Because the magnets aren't strong enough to cause a problem, and the sensitive parts of the devices are shielded. Magnets damaging electronics is not false but it is a bit of a misnomer. For instance putting a fridge magnet on the side of your compu... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
b8fjiy | Why does the picture in the view finder and the final photo change when we rotate out cameras from vertical to horizontal ?? I mean, camera lenses are circular.. it shouldn't make any difference as to the way we hold our phones.. | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"ejxkfki"
],
"text": [
"Lenses are circular, but it is largely unimportant in how they are shaped. All the lens does is focus light onto a sensor, which is actually capturing the image. Sensors come in all sizes, but stick to a few aspect ratios. The one in your phone is probably 16:9 or a sim... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
b8isy3 | How the data transits online from USA to EU (for example) | I'm familiar with the principle of bits to convey data (with copper cables first then optical fibers), and I know 99% of international traffic comes from cables in the ocean but I would like to know how everything turns out to work when, say you send an e-mail from London to New-York, how can the ridiculous amount of d... | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"ejy52sq",
"ejy7ulo",
"ejy76vo",
"ejyukov",
"ejyhzr1"
],
"text": [
"There are routers. Routers are made to connect to each other and to your regular everyday computers. They keep a list of who they are directly connected to. So when you send a message, it gets split into little... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] |
b8jl6p | How does KT Tape work? | I'm honestly bamboozled. It has worked several times for me, with pain returning as soon as it comes off. | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"ejy8qjg"
],
"text": [
"Placebo effect, most likely. There's been a lot of studies on KT tape and there isn't any compelling evidence that it's effective, while there's plenty of evidence that it's not. But treating pain with even \"ineffective\" methods can reduce the pain; that's the placebo... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] |
b8koye | How do vector graphics work? | More specifically, how are they able to be enlarged infinitely without blurring or dropping in resolution? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"ejybr3g",
"ejybk07",
"ejybqyk",
"ejygj4k"
],
"text": [
"Vectors are made of math. Each line or shape is defined geometrically by math equations, and the math equations can be scaled to any size.",
"They're represented as data points, rather than pixels. Think of it like a math... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] |
b8raau | People often say that “today’s smartphones are more powerful than the technology we sent people to the moon with”. But how is this “power” quantified? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"ejzng0b",
"ejzolwu",
"ejzokzg",
"ejzo8wm"
],
"text": [
"Compute power. Ie how many Math operations the CPU can do per second. FLOPs is a common but somewhat meaningless metric for performance. It means floating point operations per second. Which is basically decimal math.",
"T... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
b8rhwm | How do websites know if you're using adblocker? | And is it possible to make an anti-anti-adblocker? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"ejzolyu",
"ejzoil1"
],
"text": [
"For an anti-anti-adblocker, you could use something like PiHole. It redirects DNS queries for ad servers to 0.0.0.0, effectively blocking all ads.",
"Ads send info to your pc, ie by opening a popup window. Your pc ignores that info and doesnt open the... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] |
b905q4 | What are For loops and what is the difference between them and While Loops? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"ek191r2",
"ek1h121"
],
"text": [
"Imagine you have five apples. You have one sticker for each apple. Your boss asks you to put a sticker on each apple. That's a **for loop**. & #x200B; Now imagine you have an infinite amount of apples. Your boss wants you to put one sticker on each apple ... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
b95274 | How do GPS apps factor in time stopped at red lights when calculating ETA’s? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"ek2a0hi"
],
"text": [
"Imagine if you walked to the end of your block from your front door every single day and started counting: 1001, 1002, 1003, etc. Imagine you were also to maintain that count even if you stopped to watch a squirrel run up a tree, you stopped for your neighbor to back ou... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
b96r21 | How do sticky grenades not stick to your hand but get stuck to whatever they hit | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"ek2lwbu",
"ek2nnd0"
],
"text": [
"I know something about the ones in WWII if they're the same as you're talking about. Those had a wooden handle and a glass shell. They would throw them with the handle, or even smack it on the side of a tank.",
"It's covered in a shell. Once they pull... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
b99ujj | with regards to phone technology- what is 5G exactly? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"ek37eqx"
],
"text": [
"It's the fifth generation of cellular network standards that is being rolled out over the next year or two. It's not one thing, it's a lot of updates to the network infrastructure (and devices) to increase the capacity of the networks as whole, as well as an increase in... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
b99uzz | the difference between USB 3.0, USB 3.1, type-c and thunderbolt | I've found a few threads on here that attempt to explain, but I didn't find any of them particularly clear. Thanks! | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"ek368i9",
"ek35ceg"
],
"text": [
"**USB** is a protocol standard: it defines how both connected devices can communicate with each other. Newer generations of the USB protocol allow for faster speeds: * USB 2.0: 500 Mbit / second * USB 3.0 = USB 3.1 gen 1 = USB 3.2 gen 1 : 5 Gbit / second ... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] |
b99z85 | Why do high definition photos seem to have more detail than real life? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"ek36mgx"
],
"text": [
"Image processing and sharpening are pretty powerful tools by themselves, but I believe it is because camera/lens technology has gotten so incredibly advanced. Think about it this way, you can have a 100 megapixel camera, but if the lens isnt very good, the images will n... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
b9afgv | How does a digital camera "know" if a spot in a taken picture is in focus? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"ek38hrp"
],
"text": [
"Theres a few ways to do this. Active and Passive. Active ones are like IR lights, ultrasound, lasers etc... You ever seen that red light cameras use? Thats IR focus where the camera measures the time it takes the light to bounce of and then knows the distance, crunches ... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
b9ef5x | Why do baseball pitches on TV look slower than in real life? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"ek42iac"
],
"text": [
"It's an effect of looking at the pitch through a long camera lens. When you stick a long lens on a camera, you reduce the width and height of the window the camera can \"see\" the world through. But the sensor in the camera records an image of the same width and height ... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
b9f8py | How does Two Separate Switches control a single light bulb work? | I'm wondering about the electrical arrangement on how the light changes its state if you flip either of its two switches. | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"ek435n9",
"ek4jbsi"
],
"text": [
"There are basically two wires between the switches. Lets call it a top wire and a bottom wire. The switches each connect the rest of the circuit either to the top or the bottom wire. When both switches connect to the top wire, the light is on. Both connec... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] |
b9fpau | How do images get printed on cakes or beer foam? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"ek47sme"
],
"text": [
"Same with home inkjet printer. Just that the ink that's used is edible ink. Tiny nozzles spray high pressurized ink onto a print media, in this case a cake or coffee foam"
],
"score": [
6
],
"text_urls": [
[]
]
} | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
b9ggdn | How do devices show higher than the maximum technical resolution of the screen? | My laptop has a maximum screen capacity at 720p, yet you can notice a difference when changing to 1080p, 2K and even 4K in youtube. Same with my phone. Max resolution is a little over 720p but I see a very notable difference at 1080p and 4k videos. (Why would it record 4k if it cant show it anyways?) Go technical if yo... | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"ek4q79m",
"ek50th5"
],
"text": [
"Video compression is lossy. It degrades image quality. Generally if you play high resolution video scaled down you will get better quality than if you play video at the low resolution you want. This doesn't have to be always true, because the bitrate vide... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] |
b9ig19 | What's the logic behind real long URLs, full of (seemingly random) characters and weird punctuation marks? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"ek4yu5h",
"ek4qs2h",
"ek4r0va",
"ek4t99y"
],
"text": [
"OK a few valid reasons here so far but I'm going to jump on the top most obvious one: **so they can track you.** Even with dynamically-generated sites you don't **need** a long complicated URL, you only need enough numbers an... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
b9rgq4 | What are long exposure shots? Can I click them using a smartphone camera? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"ek6d2ft"
],
"text": [
"long exposure means your arperture stays open for a long time instead of fractions of a second. smartphones generally don't have that option because it wouldn't make sense - long exposure is useless without tripod, as even slightest shaking will make a picture all blurr... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
b9s01i | What really happens behind the scenes when a website goes down or crashes ? How do developers get them back up and running ? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"ek6i5zu",
"ek6gmgp"
],
"text": [
"Basically, theres a computer somewhere in the world that runs the software someone made to show the website. The internet is just a bunch of computers connected together by wires. A lot of these computers aren't the same as your personal computer. They're... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
b9xzmd | How exactly do laser thermometers work? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"ek7prtk"
],
"text": [
"I believe the device you are referring to is actually called a pyrometer (please ignore me if you are talking about something else). Most objects undergo a process called blackbody radiation, which means that they emit light from their surfaces which has a wavelength (a... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
ba29b4 | What does it mean to scan a network and how do you use that to find a hidden camera on a wifi network? | I was reading this article on CNN regarding a hidden camera at an Airbnb. It says that the father found a camera by scanning the wifi network. URL_0 | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"ek8jgsy"
],
"text": [
"TCP/IP uses addressed such as 192.168.1.X, where the X can be any number from 0-255. When you log into a wifi, you can open a command prompt and type ipconfig to see the ip address the computer typing the command currently is using. the 192.168.1 can be anything, but mo... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] |
ba7ett | With ping issues in games, why do you appear to teleport around, yet others see you standing still/walking into a wall? | If your character never leaves wall, how can you appear to teleport to new spots, if your computer is just delayed in receiving information? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"ek9kvx8",
"eka04wu"
],
"text": [
"It all depends on how the netcode is written and interpreted. When you play online your copy of the game receives instructions from other peoples computers playing the game in near real-time. These instructions include what other players are doing. But if... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] |
ba9ro1 | Why aren't driverless trains more common nowadays? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"eka1brf",
"ekaawyl",
"eka50cd",
"ekac9xd",
"eka9nlr",
"ekaadq9",
"eka7xqg",
"ekadwpz",
"ekajz0a",
"ekadc7s"
],
"text": [
"Nowadays there is already a so called “ATO”-Button in most Trains, which basically drives the train to the next Station with perfect ac... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
bab2u7 | How does binary work and how can computers ‘read’ it and then perform a task? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"ekab7ak",
"ekabfu0",
"eka9gfg"
],
"text": [
"binary is really a math thing. its the simplest way of counting, using only 2 symbols: 0 and 1. Normally we count in decimal (base 10) which has 10 different symbols: 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8 and 9 you can express any number in binary. a few examp... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
badh19 | How do water faucets work with going back and forth from hot to cold water? | When I’m showering, adjusting the knob just a bit can make the water go from scalding to freezing. I know the hot water is coming from the water heater. I want to know what mechanism is in the knobs that adjusts back and forth between the two. | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"ekarxg2",
"ekaw96f"
],
"text": [
"It depends on the type of faucet you have, but in general, it let's both cold and hot water in. If you adjust it to hotter, it's just letting in more hot water and less cold water.",
"There is a tube connected to the hot and cold water pipes and insid... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] |
badqn1 | How do Smoke Detectors work? | Recently I read that they have something to do with radiation? What? How does that help you to detect smoke and why did the people who invented it think of that? How did they go to using radioactive material instead of like a thermometer or a light detector or something? Help! Thanks in advance. | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"ekattxh",
"ekau396"
],
"text": [
"The answer to that question is really two answers because there are two quite different kinds of smoke detectors. An optical smoke detector (or photocell smoke detector) creates an infrared light beam and uses a photocell which detects it. Smoke will bloc... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] |
baeuuo | Why are some radio stations ' FM signals hard to pick up in the city they broadcast to, yet others from far away can be heard easily? | For example, here in England, 96.3 Radio Aire which broadcasts to Leeds, West Yorkshire is very difficult to pick up on FM, either on a car radio or on FM in general, and the signal is very fuzzy. However, Pulse 1 West Yorkshire, which is on 97.5 and 102.5 FM, and covers nearby town Bradford, can be heard far clearer i... | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"ekbhbbj"
],
"text": [
"Couple of things: - of course, the closer to the transmitter you are, the stronger the signal. - the transmitter may not actually be in the city it is “broadcasting to” - stations run different power levels. One station may be a 50,000 watt blowtorch and the other a 100... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] |
baf8kk | GPS rollover. What is it? What is for? | I have been seen this on internet, what is the significance? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"ekb2t3y"
],
"text": [
"When your GPS receiver or smartphone receives data from the satellites, one of the items it receives is the number of weeks that have elapsed since August 21, 1999. And because of the way that the GPS system was designed, that number is stored in 10 binary bits. Trouble... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] |
bafcp2 | Why does a radio app on a phone require a headphone as antenna? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"ekb2yk2"
],
"text": [
"FM radio signals have a fairly long wavelength - at least, compared to any other use of radio in a phone. That longer wavelength needs a longer antenna, which you can't fit inside the phone. So they instead use the shielding in the headphone cable, which is plenty long ... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
bagveg | Why dont car doors unlock if you pull the handle while it’s unlocking? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"ekbhwxm",
"ekbdwa6",
"ekbpobi",
"ekbjjzu",
"ekbdvmg"
],
"text": [
"Because there's a piece it needs to move before the door will be able to open, and it can't move that part while the door handle is being pulled on. (In general.)",
"There are linkages that have to complete... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
bajlmb | What is a web server? | I am having a hard time understanding web servers. how does it work? what does it do? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"ekc9bcy"
],
"text": [
"Web servers are simple enough that I've elected to use real example code to illustrate them instead of metaphors. I am aware that this would confuse an actual five-year-old. --- A web server is software that implements the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), or a comput... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] |
bajzrr | How does an infrared/laser thermometer work? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"ekc1lyo"
],
"text": [
"The laser is just for aiming purposes, it doesn’t actually participate in the temperature measurement. As for the infra red, all bodies which contain heat emit infrared radiation. The warmer something is, the more it radiates. There are infrared sensors that can measure... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
bak73n | How does a radio telescope turn its readings into a picture we can see? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"ekc5oij"
],
"text": [
"The interesting bit is that all images made by modern optical instruments (cameras, radio, etc) work the same way. This is because radio, and visible light are really just the same thing. Think of radio as a color we can't percieve Modern instruments are made of a grid ... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
bakb5f | Virtual Environment in programming | Hey, I'm specifically interesting in understand the idea behind venv in python Thanks. | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"ekc66tu"
],
"text": [
"You install Python on your machine. This includes some standard packages. For a lot of projects though, you'll have to install additional packages (using PIP for example). As you build more, and more complex projects, it becomes hard to track which projects use which pa... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] |
bakxdo | Was there an address besides www when the internet started? Why were these necessary and why is "www" still around? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"ekc8x7j",
"ekc8yjv",
"ekca2uk"
],
"text": [
"Yes absolutely. For example URL_0 for email. Email is much older than the Web, and so are several other Internet services.",
"The internet existed for a couple of decades before the world wide web. The subdomain was used to indicate dif... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
bamb0w | how much of a multiplayer video game runs on the user's machine vs. on a game server? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"ekcl72g",
"ekcm3mp",
"ekcluyi"
],
"text": [
"It varies slightly from game to game, but in general: Server: Where is each player? What weapons do they have? How much ammo do they have? Which character are they playing? When can they use their next ability? Client: What does the map loo... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
baosv6 | How does testing a nuclear weapon in ones own country is considered safe but attacking other country causes mass destruction and environmental problems? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"ekd4ca0",
"ekdn7fi",
"ekd4huk"
],
"text": [
"Testing of nuclear weapons is normally done underground where no one can be directly affected or in a desert setting where, again, no one can be affected. One nuclear bomb is not going to destroy a country. It affects the direct area of the... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
bapxbf | how did we switch from having operators connect our calls to being able to call people directly? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"ekdcxu2",
"ekdcd9y",
"ekdfxm9"
],
"text": [
"We automated the operator. A phone number has information that directs how it is to be routed to get to someone. So we will use the tv phone number of all 5s. The number to Jim Bob is 1-555-555-5555. The first 1 is the national code for the... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] |
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