q_id stringlengths 6 6 | title stringlengths 4 294 | selftext stringlengths 0 2.48k | category stringclasses 1
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bfuu7x | Why do they not limit speakers sound output to prevent them from “blowing out” | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
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"text": [
"Some speakers do, some don't itcomes down to cost and complexity of construction and whether the company building the speakers will see a return on their inveztment.",
"Becuase there are a few variables affecting the final output to the actual speaker... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
bfvphf | Why does the negative binary number system work the way it does | Like, for an 8-bit number storage, the bits, in order, represents -128, 64, 32, 16, 8, 4, 2, 1. Why isn’t the first number just a negative identifier and the bits would look like, (-), 64, 32, 16,... | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"elgpyrv"
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"text": [
"There are a couple of different ways of representing negative numbers in binary. The easiest (for humans, anyways) one is called \"sign magnitude,\" and it's basically what you just described. One bit (the sign) denotes whether it's positive (0) or negative (1). The oth... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] |
bfzf5y | How are film reels copied onto other reels (as with movies)? | After a reel of celluloid film has been exposed, cut, and pasted back together in order, how is that reel "copied" onto other reels? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"elhf623"
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"text": [
"There are two methods: first is to expose the new material picture by picture using a \"dry copy\" machine. This gives you a very high quality copy and is used for making copies from the original and also at archive material. The second method is called a wet copy. You ... | [
"url"
] | [
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bg00xg | Why do software programs usually ask to restart your computer after installation, and does it really make a difference? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
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"elhg3ap",
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"text": [
"These programs create entries in your Windows Registry. Its a database to store eg. settings and other useful information to the right place. Restart is needed so the Programm can accsess all the information in the right order at once! Most of the time it... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
bg0hy0 | what's the difference (mechanically) between a refrigerator, an air conditioner and a heat pump? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"elhiyne"
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"text": [
"In principle nothing, both a refrigerator an air conditioner is a heat pump. The difference is that one cool the inside of a smaller box you have in a house ie a refrigerator and the other cool down a house. There is a difference that air conditioner almost always have ... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
bg0je9 | Logical Programming -- what is it exactly? | Hi. I am familiar with different programming paradigms like procedural, object-oriented, and functional. I came to know that there is another one, **logical programming languages* with a notable example being Prolog. What is it exactly, and how does it differ from the other paradigms? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"elhyx92"
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"text": [
"Rather than having functions or methods or procedures that return things, prolog has predicates. A predicate is made up of clauses. A clause says something which is true, for example: madeOfCheese(theMoon). This is a clause, and if we ask the `madeOfCheese` predicate if... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] |
bg0oe5 | How pirates in the internet breaking the video games and upload them to the torrent sites? | As I know, most of games are consist of .dll libraries, textures, cfg files and other game companent. They are all ciphered. So, the question is, how anonimous pirates transform all these components in just setup.exe . | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
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"> They are all ciphered. I suspect you mean encrypted but that is not the case. If you purchase a game from Steam there is a installer you download and run and the output is a unenrcyped version of the game. When stop you from sharing it with your friend is code that ch... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] |
bg19ew | How do scientists measure the height of a mountain | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
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"elhmc8x"
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"text": [
"To calculate the elevation of a mountain, scientists would measure the distance between two points on the ground and then measure the angles between the top of the mountain and each point. Trigonometry, it’s actually one of my favorite maths."
],
"score": [
3
... | [
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bg265h | what exactly is “rendering” a video and why does it take so many computers so long to do them? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
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"text": [
"Images and videos are just many lines of computer code, video rendering is the process of converting this code into images that you can see on your screen. This takes so long to do because as the quality of the image increase... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
bg2s7q | what happens at the hardware level when a computer executes a for loop? | Put another way: what was the difference in hardware between the first computer that could run a for loop and the computer it superceded? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"elhwd2g",
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"text": [
"The processor keeps track of its current location in the program in something called a [program counter / instruction pointer]( URL_0 ). Normally this counter progresses sequentially, pointing to the next instruction each time. Any change t... | [
"url"
] | [
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bg3u22 | How does my scale calculate my BMI, body fat percentage and body water percentage? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"eli3nky"
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"text": [
"Body fat and body water resist electricity differently than the rest of you. The scale sends a small bit of electricity through your feet, and calculates how much is resisted, and with some math and guess work can estimate your fat/water percentage."
],
"score": [
... | [
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bg4ntk | What happens when Computer is hanged up very hard | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"elic3mj"
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"text": [
"no way to tell for sure without specialized debug hardware/software. & #x200B; it could be hardware or software related. & #x200B; one possibility is interrupt storming. interrupts have a priority level, but in general are high priority requests that must be serviced ab... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
bg5r8r | Why is it concerning that Jet Blue is using facial recognition data from the US government to facilitate boarding? Is this that different from just having pictures of your face on file to compare with? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
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"elilryx"
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"text": [
"Actually, if OP had researched this, the headline is misleading. What JetBlue is doing, on International Flights (where you are required to present your passport to board!) is capturing an image of the traveler at a voluntary kiosk, transmitting that to Customs who then... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
bg75xa | What happens when you take a long exposure photo? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
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"eliuh6s",
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"text": [
"The shutter stays open for a longer period of time, allowing light to enter the lens for that amount of time. So in a normal photo, the shutter stays open for much less than a second, so only the light that was let in in that quick time will be shown, but... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
bgb2y6 | Why do some online games lag so much to the point where they’re unplayable even though you’re getting high download speeds from the ISP? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"elju9sr",
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"text": [
"There's a difference between latency and bandwidth. Bandwidth is your overall download speed. Latency is how long it takes for any information to cross over. You can have good bandwidth and bad latency (EG, sending a crate of hardrives by overnight shippi... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
bgfica | What technical innovations (brushes, paints, canvas) have allowed artists to create ultra-realistic portraits, or is it all just skill? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
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"text": [
"It's both, really. And a little bit more... Of course paints are getting better. Machines spitting out perfectly ground pigments with the medium just right, and brushes with finer bristles... That helps. What also helps is the fact Da Vinci... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
bgg5t7 | How does a battery work? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"elkkif6"
],
"text": [
"There's two important parts inside batteries: one material which has lots of extra electrons, one material which has a lot of space for those electrons, and then there's something to keep the two separated. When you connect metal or something else conductive between the... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
bggq4r | How self-driving cars are able to stop at intersections with no traffic lights and still know when it’s alright/safe to turn. | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"elkogr2"
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"text": [
"> We use all our senses to make a decision like that; like sight, hearing and judging of the speed and acceleration of the other car. The sensors and computer of a self-driving car are better at that than we are. I'm not sure why you think they wouldn't be. e.g. lidar i... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
bgi3ar | How are copies of celluloid film reels made? | I know the chemical process behind celluloid photography, but how do you go about copying the contents of a given film reel onto another? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"ellm68w"
],
"text": [
"They use a device called a contact printer/copier. It's basically a mechanized lightbox that is used to photograph each individual frame from a master onto a new piece of film, called the release print. So what they do is take the original camera negative, which is used... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] |
bgiisp | What is object oriented programming all about and why is it so good ? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"All programming languages fall on a scale from \"computer logic\" to \"human logic.\" Machine code, for example, which is essentially binary (1's and 0's) and assembly language are as close as you can get to a computer's \"native tongue\" o... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
bgjkdp | How has the storage capacity in hard drives and other memory storage devices increased while the physical size of these devices has decreased? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"ellbb5c"
],
"text": [
"At the end of the day, what they're ultimately trying to store is binary, 0s and 1s which is just checking whether something is there or not, or switched one way or the other way. In theory, you could represent such data with single molecules, atoms, or even electrons, ... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
bglwrb | How do you get rid of a tattoo with lasers? | Is it actually lasers? Does all the ink disappear? Where tf does it go?!? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"ellttke",
"ellu0n6"
],
"text": [
"The Laser breaks down the ink particles into smaller pieces your bodies immune system can dispose of",
"Yes - it is actually lasers! Tattoo ink consists of very large particles embedded deep in the skin. Your body _wants_ to get rid of it, but the par... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] |
bgouli | Are radiators really the most efficient central heating option out there? How is running steam through metal and having it radiate/convect an entire room the most viable option we have? | I find it almost unfathomable that this actually works well enough that we still use this today (as a physicist). I'm sure there MUST be more cost and energy effective options now, even if there wasn't in the past? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"elml32r"
],
"text": [
"All heaters are in the 90-100% efficiency range from an energy perspective because usually you consider the waste energy to be heat. So the actual question is which one is more expensive for your use case. This depends on gas/electricity costs, and how big a building yo... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] |
bgpsiu | How do scientists record rainfall? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"elmrju3"
],
"text": [
"[Rain gauges]( URL_0 ). They're just a little tube that collects water & lets you measure it. It doesn't really matter how big the tube is (within reason) - an inch of rainfall is an inch of rainfall whether it's the size of a DVD or football field."
],
"score": [
... | [
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] | [
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bgqdnf | How phones still can call ambulance when there's no simcard put? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
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"elmt2r8",
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"text": [
"The antenna isn't actually in the Sim card it's in your phone. No sim card, to your phone, just means you haven't paid for access to a phone network, it doesn't make the phone physically unable to dial into one. For emergency calls it will make an excepti... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
bgrfrz | 5G uses millimeter waves, but why can't we just fit more devices on existing 3G/4G spectrum? | Can't we compress data transmission more or transmit more quickly? Don't understand why we are running out of spectrum, are we really effectively using what we have? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"eln0f6k"
],
"text": [
"Systems and network specialist here: Only certain frequencies are available for consumer electronics due to government use. Certain frequencies are also less stable and can be interfered with more easily, there must also be a somewhat large 'space' between frequencies, ... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] |
bgs7l2 | Why do streamers have a dedicated streaming PC? Wouldn't it be simpler to game and stream on the same one, without all the capture cards etc? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"eln4nye",
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"text": [
"the encoding process can be intensive as such would cause poor performance on the gaming PC so to get the best performance they use a separate PC",
"Alongside the pure performance aspect, as the saying goes... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
bgubms | When a computer program says to restart the computer to complete installation, does simply shutting down the pc and opening it next time have the same effect? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"elnn0uh"
],
"text": [
"Yes. The restart is pretty much just a shutdown immediately followed by a startup. The important part for the installation is that the computer went though the usual startup steps again and this time with all the steps and values and the installation program just change... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
bguzb9 | How Microprocessor works? | Is there any simple visual guide how Microprocessor works? From the internals, to how electrical current can change the positions of transistors inside and how it can run simple commands? For example a chip may contain thousands of transistors how does a electrical pulse sends information to tell the chip which transis... | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"elnv7yk",
"elofqui",
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],
"text": [
"It is a bit difficult answering a question like this for ELI5, because computers are so layered. You start with the basics of how transistors and electricity work. You then put those transistors together in simple circuits called gate which... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] |
bgvf06 | How do phones avoid a feedback loop or echo in speaker mode | In speaker systems we sometimes experience an annoying echo especially if the mic is too close to the speaker. In phones its in close proximity and yet we don't get the extremely jarring feedback loop. What are the mechanics involved and how do phones do it so well? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"elo185c"
],
"text": [
"/u/Uumus guessed it correctly. First of all, the phone is designed to try to minimize how much of the speaker output gets to the microphone. But it can't always do this well enough. In that case, a cancelling circuit is added. It \"subtracts\" the speaker output signal ... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] |
bgwbx5 | How do mobile chipset manufacturers achieve incremental performance improvement year after year? | What do they improve and how do they do that ? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"elo6vp5"
],
"text": [
"big upgrades include transistor size where you go from 14nm to 10nm etc. Right now on mobile phones, flagship androids that came out this year and the iPhone from last year use 7nm transistor size. The smaller the transistor, the more transistors you can fit and better ... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] |
bgypv4 | How does your mobile phone upload / send data to a cellphonetower or WiFi router? | I understand that cellphonetowers have very powerfull antennas to send data to the receiver on our phones. But how does a phone send data back? The antenna on a phone isn’t powerfull enough to send data over great distances? Same goes for wifi; the router contains a big antenna to send data, but the phone doesn’t have ... | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"elojmun"
],
"text": [
"Big antennae allow for greater range of both sending and receiving radio signals. That's why you could, back in the day, get a big ol' antenna for your car that would boost the range that you could hear a radio station by for a bit. The antenna in your phone is large en... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] |
bgyzaw | How does the International Space Station(The ISS) gets their Oxygen supply? Does it gets refilled on a regular basis? How does it gets refilled and what is the capacity of their Oxygen tank? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"elop3ql",
"eloocre"
],
"text": [
"Primarily via water electrolysis (running an electric current through water to break it down into Hydrogen and Oxygen), though they also get supply shipments from Earth every couple months. They also have a backup system that can generate oxygen by burnin... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
bh0h6k | How or why did the QWERTY keyboard become the primary/standard layout across most of the world? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"elp0lzr",
"elp1gcp",
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],
"text": [
"QWERTY became the standard back in the days of old fashioned typewriters. The way it was originally designed, people were jamming the ink ribbons due to typing too fast. To avoid this, the QWERTY style was introduced which forced people to ... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
bh0kvr | How can a bank determine fraudulent activity from a single transaction? | Especially if that transaction isn't typically out of the normal for the card holder (like being used at a gas station within 100 miles of the card holder's address)? EDIT: I know this looks like I'm trying to figure out how to steal someone's debit card and not get caught, but I'm asking generally about something that... | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"elp2rcq"
],
"text": [
"In current day banking it's just machine learning. They fed an AI with a bunch of labeled data, and now it's able to say which transaction is likely fraudulent and which is not; just like the YouTube algorithm showing you stuff you probably want to click on. Noone knows... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] |
bh20vr | I have a fairly new computer but am able to do a recovery of thousands of images | I have a fairly new computer which I use mostly for web browsing, watching YouTube videos, and schoolwork. After deleting some papers, thinking I had backups, I realized I needed access to them. I downloaded some file recovery software and ran it. I thought it would retrieve things I deleted from my computer, but it en... | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"elpbyef"
],
"text": [
"When you go to a web page, and there is a picture, the picture is downloaded to your browser cache. The browser deletes them when it's used how every much space you allocated for it, not usually a whole lot."
],
"score": [
4
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bh3aly | How do free apps with no advertisements make money? I am trying to figure out how the Citizen App makes money? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"elq1oin"
],
"text": [
"There are many ways free apps can make money’s Almost all free apps and sites have ad space they sell either it be a banner or a full section on the app. Many of them offer in app purchases or micro transactions which are a direct form of making money. Then some of them... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
bh4ga3 | Why do gaming laptops with discrete graphics, i7 processors, etc not seem to function as well as desktops with the same specs? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"elq5dmp",
"elpxwtz",
"elq6zc0"
],
"text": [
"Laptops sacrifice power for portability. Open up a desktop and there'll be plenty of room left over. Open a laptop of similar vintage, and everything is crammed in, tight! The GPUs used in laptops simply don't have the room for the vast amo... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
bh7kl8 | How can we measure blood oxygen saturation noninvasively but not blood glucose? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"elqkuxw"
],
"text": [
"Blood oxygen saturation is very easy to measure. You're looking at two *very* specific wavelengths of light, which corresponds to the wavelength at which the haemoglobin molecule absorbs light either with or without a bonded oxygen. Compare the two and calculate. Since ... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
bha4dc | what makes a meat "processed" | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"elr70oe"
],
"text": [
"Processed meat is any meat that is preserved by any of a number of methods, such as smoking, curing, salting, or addition of chemical preservatives. Examples of processed meat are bacon, salami, pepperoni, obviously bologna and hot dogs, most lunch meats, etc."
],
"... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
bhcyx3 | How is my Macbook Air able to play videos at 1080p up to 4K, with a screen resolution of 1440x900? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"elru5ye"
],
"text": [
"From wikipedia: > 1080p (1920×1080 px; also known as Full HD or FHD and BT.709) is a set of HDTV high-definition video modes characterized by 1,920 pixels displayed across the screen horizontally and 1,080 pixels down the screen vertically; Obviously there's not enough ... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
bhd9vx | How are online first person shooter games, like fortnite and pubg, able to transmit enough data between all the players, across the world, to keep everyone's games in sync? | It seems like that would be so much data (each players current position, direction, etc.) and would need to transmit and receive by all players so quickly to keep up with the players movements (which to an outside observer such as myself), seem super fast and chaotic. Add in high end graphics and fast framerates, it re... | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"elrw059",
"elrw3vz"
],
"text": [
"All that's transmitted is player position and bullet position which can be put into teeny tiny data packets that are only kilobytes. Everything else happens locally on your computer.",
"Well it isn't really when you think about it. You've got the posi... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] |
bhdipr | Why do some phone chargers work better than others? Is it the cord? The adapter? Both? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"els0umr",
"elry0qj"
],
"text": [
"Short answer, both. The adapters are usually rated 1A or 2.1A (USB is 5v). Most tablets and new phones use the higher 2.1A but some older phones will come with a 1A. Apple sell this as a fast charger when it's now mostly standard for phones. There are als... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
bhh01r | How airplane windows tint and block out sunlight at the touch of a button and go back to being clear as if nothing happened. (Newer airplane models) | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"elstmha",
"elsvzj7",
"eltnyr5"
],
"text": [
"Light can be bent and refracted or reflected. So there are layers to the window tint that allow the elements inside to change position to allow light(visible light)through, or to reflect it away.",
"Glass usually allows light to pass th... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
bhj72j | What exactly is "loudness" in recorded music and why did the loudness wars occur? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"eltbmbe"
],
"text": [
"Loudness is simply the average volume of a music track. No matter how complex a song is, a digital file will store it as a single, continuous wave. In any audio file, there is a maximum volume that this wave can achieve. The wave can be any volume below this limit, but ... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
bhkdxl | How is 32 bit able to handle 4gb of ram, if 4,294,967,296 is the number of bits? | 4294967296/8 = 536870912 bytes 536870912/1024 = 524288 KB 524288/1024 = 512 MB 512/1024 = 0.5 GB If you divide it directly by 1024, you do get 4GB, but that number is the amount of data you can have in 32 BITS, so wouldn't you need to convert it to bytes first. | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"eltioxf",
"eltiwqa"
],
"text": [
"32 bits is able to handle 4294967296 Bytes not Bits. The issue is being able to write down a unique address for each Byte in just 32 bit of ram. The CPU needs to address each byte in memory with a unique 'name' and it has only 32 digits to write down the ... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] |
bhn8vv | how is it possible to put together those 3 extremely small lights in a pixel? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"elu63vs"
],
"text": [
"It is done with photolithography. They use precision masks to project the tiny circuits onto silicon chips. They are even smaller in LCD projectors, but they are huge compared to the circuits used in microprocessors. Those are so small, they need to project the circuit ... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
bhnubv | If cameras can take videos with fps equaling single shutter speeds, why do photographers take dedicated still shots instead of video recording everything and later just isolating single frames for “photographs?” | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"elu8wt0",
"eluecr0"
],
"text": [
"In some cases you can, but when you take a single frame you have more control over the light. When you take a photo you can balance the depth of field, aperture size and iso- getting the right ratio of the three can give you much needed control in certain... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
bhqf7t | If I try to simultaneously charge my phone with a cable and a wireless charger, will it charge quicker than it would with only one of these? Why or why not? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"eluwvvz",
"eluwm4p"
],
"text": [
"[Here's an article]( URL_0 ) that tested that. The short of it is no, it doesn't make it charge any faster. Why? generally phones only have one charging circuit/controller, that is, once it hits its charging peak from a source, which is generally enough f... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
bhuz5j | How do people remove the vocals from a song and leave the instrumental part completely intact? How does a computer know which sounds are someone’s voice and how to isolate them from the music? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"elw00zc",
"elw2ide"
],
"text": [
"Usually the instrumental is released as a separate track by the studio. A computer can't remove vocals perfectly, so while it is possible, you'll still hear traces of the voice, and the instrumental will be distorted.",
"I have some hobbyist experienc... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
bhwk5y | How does a VHS tape work? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"elwbr6g"
],
"text": [
"The black tape inside the cassette is magnetic. By running it past a recording head, you can rearrange the magnetic stuff. Then when you run the tape past a reading head, it reads that signal and sends it to a processor that converts it into audio & video output."
],
... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
bhwp0w | The photoelectric effect | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"elwiuo1"
],
"text": [
"Imagine you want to open a very tightly sealed cookie jar. Try as you might, sometimes it's just impossible for you to open the cookie jar if you can't produce enough strength to just twist it past that first bit. You could spend forever trying, but it just won't happen... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
bhwz15 | Why is there an "accept" box on websites explaining they're using cookies, when they're going to use cookies anyways whether or not you hit the accept button? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"elwf14k",
"elwjdux",
"elwkfof",
"elwe8hq",
"elwllhh",
"elwj5kh",
"elwirzb",
"elwji2u",
"elwpi7g",
"elwmsvu",
"elwn9xv"
],
"text": [
"Because under current European Union laws websites have to warn you they're storing data about you before they do it. If... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
bi0rfb | Why do some automatic cars have a +/- manual transmission option, and what is the benefit of using it? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"elx4cc5",
"elx70x2",
"elxotd1"
],
"text": [
"It allows a person to manually shift the gears, which has been a common thing for many decades. This can be useful for shifting to lower gears when doing things like going up or down very steep inclines. Also some people like to \"play\" ma... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
bi0v2u | What actually causes the insane visuals in video feedback when you film a screen with the camera plugged into it? | [Here's an example of what I'm talking about ]( URL_0 ) There always appears to be these intricate wavy white, green, and blue lines that appear to expand infinitely. Does it have to do with the television's pixels, or the camera's sensor, or could it be more than that? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"elx69ip",
"elx8fcb"
],
"text": [
"Moiré patterns; essentially when you take a grid of squares and put it on top of another grid of squares, if you squish or move one you get these crazy pattens from the overlap. A camera sensor and tv pixels are basically both grids, so this is basically ... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] |
bi14z2 | How do machines learn? | Machine learning has been booming lately and there was a lot of buzz around them. I would like to know how do machines learn from data or from themselves as stated by their creators. | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"elx9hc7"
],
"text": [
"TL;DR Trial and Error So there are many different kinds of AI and machine learning algorithms, but the basic idea is the same. Programmers can solve a lot of problems, but some problems are just really hard and involve too many variables to efficiently figure out on our... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] |
bi2quc | Why do films and TV shows look weird and low-budget on some modern TVs? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"elxkyxc",
"elxula0",
"ely02r8",
"ely6mx3"
],
"text": [
"What you could be referring to is what some TVs call \"enhanced motion\". It is a technique that can make older TV shows look like they are filmed at a higher frame rate. The motion looks different and the way it looks is som... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
bi2vm5 | Why do software needs people who gives maintenance software once it's running? | In a software company what do software developers do after the app, for example, is done? Why is there a need for a whole team of dev's having a full time job? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"elxlcea",
"elxogbj",
"elxovah",
"elxo94j",
"elxtqej"
],
"text": [
"Mainly for the implementation of new features or solving bugs. Even though we run extensive testing before deploying a final product, there are always \"corner cases\" that can bring up unexpected behaviours on... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] |
bi41zd | What is physically happening when a file gets deleted, and how is it physically stored anyway? How is the file still stored when the PC is off? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"elxvca1"
],
"text": [
"When a file gets deleted, it's still there it just has a flag applied to it to say that that space can now be used. Think of it like a car park. If a car (file) is in a space, it's there. Deleting a file just means a tarp is thrown over that car with the understanding t... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
bi4pn9 | anti aging techniques | I recently saw month nicole Kidman in aquaman and Michelle pfeifer in antman and was impressed by how young they look. What sort of techniques does the modern wealthy person use to reduce aging? Stem cells? Blood transfusions? Or is it just improved plastic surgery? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"ely73dp",
"elxzv9g"
],
"text": [
"As a photographer, please don’t underestimate the power of professional set lighting that you’re seeing on screen. You’d be shocked at how much effort and equipment goes into lighting a scene. Supposedly, Barbra Streisand would bring her own lighting peop... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] |
bi5swv | How do radar detector-detectors work? | If the radar detector is passive, how can cops know that you are using a radar detector? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"ely9djx"
],
"text": [
"Because it is not 100% passive. In order to detect the radar, the signal being received by the antenna is mixed with a signal from inside the radar detector called a \"local oscillator\". The signal from the LO can be received for a short distance outside the car. & #x2... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] |
bi5tbm | Why is it that certain character cannot be used in the naming of files on Windows computers? | The characters that are disallowed are: \\:/\*? < > | | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"ely8u5k",
"ely8zhk"
],
"text": [
"Back in the days of MS-DOS (Microsoft Disk Operating System) those characters were used in the command line for telling the system what to do. Changing a to a tree in the directory was something like 'cd c:\\Reddit Been a long time, but that's close.",
... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] |
bi8hbd | How is a surge protector able to tell me if it is properly grounded? | It has its own little green indicator that actually tells me if it is connected to ground. If ground is not present the light is off, when present it’s on. I just want to know how it knows, and I imagine it has something to do with feedback or resistance measuring. | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"elyswig"
],
"text": [
"By checking for continuity between the ground pin and neutral pin. If no continuity exists then ground does not exist. Ground wires and the neutral wire both end up in the same place inside your circuit breaker panel."
],
"score": [
3
],
"text_urls": [
[... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] |
bib26r | How can a controller only control its own RC car if they are mass produced? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"elzdb1y"
],
"text": [
"In the old days of FM and AM radios, it was tricky. For RC aircraft, the 72MHz band was divided into 49 channels. Each radio would be given a crystal that was tuned to one of those channels. Obviously when you're making millions of the things, and there's only 49 channe... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
bicr24 | How can a documentary like "Our Planet" record such high quality audio on animals from a far distance? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"elznbkp",
"elzu7ny"
],
"text": [
"It’s dubbed in. They have a studio that just does sound effects. There is a guy in a room with a bunch of junk around him and he plays it like instruments. Edit: here is a YouTube link [YouTube ]( URL_0 )",
"That's why I prefer watching older document... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
biekdq | How do breweries/bottling companies bottle their foamy products e.g coke, beer without it foaming up since when you do the reverse, it foams up? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"em018ve",
"em01hk3"
],
"text": [
"At least for homebrewing, the beer goes into the bottle flat, and then gets carbonized in the bottle. There's no head (foam) because there's no co2 to make it until a few weeks later.",
"Best way to answer is to show you. & #x200B; [ URL_0 ]( URL_0 ) ... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
biimvz | Why does AM radio broadcast travel so far at night? | I live in Texas and at night, I can pick up AM radio stations broadcasting from much further away than I can during the day. Like, right now, I can hear a station from Chicago. Why? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"em0x2mn"
],
"text": [
"From what I understand, the signal bounces off the ionosphere and can, with a strong enough signal, travel around the whole planet. URL_0"
],
"score": [
9
],
"text_urls": [
[
"https://youtu.be/_VDUGiJhK78"
]
]
} | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] |
biqx14 | how do speakers play more than 1 sounds (like 2 voices and music overlap) at once? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"em2d7js",
"em2imny",
"em2iwmn"
],
"text": [
"All sounds are made up of waves, and if you add waves together, you get a single wave that incorporates everything that made up the constituent waves.",
"Think of it like mixing colors. We all know that red and blue make purple/violet. ... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
bir4eq | what are atomic clocks and how do they work? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"em2fmjh"
],
"text": [
"When electrons are excited (given a little more energy) they tend to release it eventually and go back to their low energy state. The time for that to happen is very predictable in certain gases. An atomic clock works by exciting an element like hydrogen, cesium, or rub... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
bitpx8 | how does the national grid work? How can my energy supplier say that all my power comes from renewable sources? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"em3akm0",
"em3tyog",
"em2zv52"
],
"text": [
"So let's say you and other users who want renewable energy consume X units of energy. The grid may have both renewable and non-renewable sources, but as long as they buy/produce X units from renewable sources then they can say that your pow... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
bitr3a | Why are so many sniper rifles still bolt action? | I am not very well informed regarding how many current military sniper rifles are bolt action, but it seems like any number greater than 0 is too many. Why is a gun that requires a relatively lengthy hand motion for each bullet still used, when magazines or clips prepare the next bullet automatically? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"em3cblz",
"em2ytjz",
"em2yvdu",
"em307gr",
"em33vor",
"em32do7",
"em31ebz"
],
"text": [
"I'm surprised no one has pointed out the most important reason yet. When a bullet is loaded from a magazine, either through an automatic or a bolt system, it is pushed up a feeder ... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] |
bix0up | What is the process for creating cgi effects on the scale of something like the battle for Winterfell where there are so many individual moving objects? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"em3ucqd",
"em48ojt",
"em41hka"
],
"text": [
"I can think of two techniques that are typically used high character count scenes. 1. Duplicating actors through a process called **rotoscoping (think copy and paste)** multiple times in the scene. This works best for characters with simila... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
bizc76 | how do you get color from a black and whitE photo? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"em48gmi",
"em4gnva"
],
"text": [
"It's manually coloured or a computer figures out the most likely colours. A lot of world war documentaries do this.",
"They basically take an educated guess when recoloring a photo. So \"what makes the most sense\" but sometimes also \"what message do... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
bizhw3 | Why do artists performing on stage need in-ear pieces? | I've heard that in-ear pieces help the artist hear themselves better, but why is it necessary? Audience members can hear the artist fine, so what changes on stage? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"em4b9bt",
"em49qfa"
],
"text": [
"Speakers are typically pointed towards the audience, not the performer/artist. If you point speakers at the performer, they’ll play into their mic, the sound will come out of the speaker, the sound coming out of the speaker will play through the mic, *tha... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] |
bj29hq | How does PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) work? | Im looking to get into Arduino and frequently see the term PWM used in projects that use Arduino but with an extremely basic knowledge of electronics i'm finding online explanations difficult to understand. | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"em4qy13",
"em583yu",
"em4qs08",
"em55u4i",
"em54tfw",
"em4suki"
],
"text": [
"It's like playing with a ceiling fan switch: the speed of the fan is not going to drop instantly down to zero the instant you turn the switch off, nor is it going to get to max speed the second y... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] |
bj5lns | How does a movie screening/license work in a movie theater? | Like, do they have a file on their device? For how long they can have that? Is there any limitation on how many times they can play it? How much they can keep from all the money the movie will make? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"em5w2vb"
],
"text": [
"Former IT on a movie crew here. Basically, to put it simply, the projector system is set up with a backend system that allows the movie distributors to provide digital versions of the movie to be premiered. The files are time sensitive, and will only be allowed to play ... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] |
bj8cpf | When jump starting a car, why do instructions say attach the jumped cars negative cable to the frame? | Because that has never worked for me, in any car I've ever jumped. Every instruction I read, it says attach the negative jumper cable for the car being jumped to unpainted metal on the frame. Every time I've done that, in every car I've ever jumped, nothing happens. It's as if nothing is connected at all. When I attach... | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"em63f7l",
"em6bvfy"
],
"text": [
"It's mostly for liability purposes. By jumping directly to the positive and negative terminals, you increase the risk of igniting potentially flammable gasses coming from the battery via the spark that often happens during the connection. These gasses can... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] |
bj9ptx | How does code writing work? | Are they written on a special program? Where is the program? How was this special program written in the first place? Thank you. | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"em6fzku",
"em6j68t",
"em6gunk",
"em6g1hu"
],
"text": [
"You can write code for high level languages in a text editor like notepad. There are editors that have extra functions for code writing to make it a little easier. At the top end for ease of use are Integrated Development Env... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] |
bjd5e7 | When countries such as Venezuela and Sri Lanka block internet access, how exactly is that done for certain apps/websites? Think FB, twitter, whatsapp, or certain news outlets. How do they dial down so precisely leaving the rest of the internet available? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"em79jih",
"em7b59i"
],
"text": [
"The ISPs of the said country will block all connections to the servers of the app/website that the government wants blocked. Everything else works as normal",
"If you want to connect to say facebook, a DNS server looks up its IP number (think phone nu... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
bjkf6x | why audio equipment starts their levels in the negatives. | I remember when I was a child my stepdad and grandpa had high quality surround audio systems in their homes. The audio displays would always start in the negatives and peak out around 0 or +5. It took me a while to get use to this and would often turn the volume to +5 thinking I wouldnt be able to hear it, before turni... | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"em8udfe",
"em9gz6t"
],
"text": [
"dB is decibels, in this case negative means the sound was reduced by a certain amount. In your example, 0 would mean \"Play at whatever volume the source is\", -5 would mean \"Play 5 times quieter than the source\" and +5 would mean \"Play 5 times louder ... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] |
bjlya5 | How do apartment building fire alarms work? | For example, if I set off the smoke detector in my apartment, will it set off the whole building? Is this system able to tell the difference between burnt food and a legitimate structure fire? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"em9i03c",
"em97re4"
],
"text": [
"This depends on jurisdiction, when your building and alarm system was built, and possibly the whims of the local inspector. You got options: 1) You have \"single-station\" smoke detectors in your apartment and \"system\" detection, if at all, in the rest ... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] |
bjwwxk | Why would storing my previous passwords be more secure than letting me use whatever password I want indefinitely? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"emby8l7",
"emcvtqg",
"embvnun",
"emcvl0t",
"emcwrpd",
"emch12v",
"emdplkr",
"emd141a",
"embvjzj"
],
"text": [
"As others have said, passwords are normally hashed. Password change requirements are typically only used in enterprise environments, in which a user m... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
bjx1gq | Why are most commercial solar panels only 25 % efficient? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"embwbae",
"emcnbqr"
],
"text": [
"Photovoltaic solar panels *in general* have an efficiency limit of about 33%, enforced by physics and how electricity behaves, and is known as the Shockley-Queisser Limit. There have been efforts to go beyond that limit using things like lenses and mirror... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
bjy7ka | Why do 3D environments render almost instantaneously in games but take multiple hours or days to render while making 3D animated videos? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"emc6xfh",
"emctzcy"
],
"text": [
"Long story short. 3D Animated movies are on a totally different scale of detail. 3D games are optimized for performance, 3D animated movies/shows are optimized for detail. & #x200B; Texture resolutions are much higher (And I don't think they compress them... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
bjycui | What’s the point of logarithmic dimming curve? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"emc8kuq"
],
"text": [
"A logarithmic dimming curve results in the perceived light level changing linearly You don't see 500 lumens as half as bright as 1000 lumens, you see it being 70% as bright, and 250 lumens as half as bright If you use a linear dimming curve and a rotary dimmer then half... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
bk17rn | Why dont you get zapped with electrecity when putting your body between a wireless charger and whatever its charging? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"emd06go"
],
"text": [
"The charger work by magnetic induction. You have a magnetic field that changes direction thousands of time per second. It is a transformer with a air core where you have one coil in the charger and the other in the device you charge, So because humans are not magnetic a... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
bk4ly9 | how does my weather app know how bad my allergies will be, especially for different allergens? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"emdv0eu"
],
"text": [
"Based on your area, and season, it’s possible to predict which types of pollen will be the most abundant. Also if it hasn’t rained in a while, the counts will be high but after/during rain it will drop down some. They also measure which types of pollen are also the most... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
bk73tr | Americans talk about 'cable'. In the UK we have either broadcast transmission over aerial, or satellite. How is 'cable' TV different? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"emedwrl",
"emefhfy"
],
"text": [
"Cable TV comes through cables that lie under the roads and pavements and into your house. The UK does have cable TV, that's what Virgin Media is. It's only available in places where they have cables installed, but that covers quite a lot of the population... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
bk8ii3 | if someone ask me to explain what is Internet an how it works, in the easiest way possible, what would I tell them? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"emeq7lv",
"emex9gj"
],
"text": [
"Think of it as a giant library with infinite space, stored in virtual reality, that anyone can write for/add to. No one really owns the library, but there are several dedicated sponsors that keep it up and running, and anyone can add anything to the libra... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
bk8jvr | How is storage freed in computer hardware at a physical level? | I understand that you can delete software files easily, but what is the physical process of deleting that data? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"emer7e7",
"emeqiou"
],
"text": [
"When you delete, it just marks those memory cells as rewritable. It’s not truly deleted until something is saved into it.",
"There's an area of data on the drive called the file allocation table which keeps track of which areas are in use. At the basi... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] |
bk9ul1 | Are dárk themes in apps/websites better for your eyes and if so, how? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"emf321x",
"emflzpr",
"emf77yk",
"emfq9qi"
],
"text": [
"Ah interesting. I came across an article, which changed my mind. The opposite is true: Brighter is better for the eyes. Bright themes causes your iris to narrow and like a camera lens aperture, actually makes things sharper a... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
bk9wfh | When unsubscribing from list-serv emails (emails from companies about sales, new items, ect.) why does it take anywhere from 3-10 days to actually be removed from the list? Why can’t it be an instant process? Is it a marketing scheme or is there a tech reason? | I’ve slowly been trying to remove all these marketing/spam email lists from my life, but almost every time I unsubscribe I am met with a message that says something like “it make take up to X days for this change to be reflected”. Why is that? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"emf205f"
],
"text": [
"Purge processes tend to be run on a schedule. It depends on how often they've scheduled that process to run. There's also data caching that has to be updated and that's on a schedule as well."
],
"score": [
5
],
"text_urls": [
[]
]
} | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] |
bkau81 | How do series like Planet Earth capture footage of things like the inside of ant hills, or sharks feeding off of a dead whale? | Partially I’m wondering the physical aspect of how they fit in these places or get close enough to dangerous situations to film them; and partially I’m wondering how they seem to be in the right place at the right time to catch things like a dead whale sinking down into the ocean? What are the odds they’d be there to c... | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
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"emfxyb6",
"emg5es5",
"emg74xt",
"e... | [
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bkdu0a | how does hydroponics work if overwatering plants kills them? | ELI5 I just don't understand how constantly being in water doesn't kill plants if overwatering does. Can only certain plants survive in hydroponic systems? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"emg2uti"
],
"text": [
"It's all about the oxygen. In wet soil, the roots become oxygen starved and rotten. Same thing happens in stagnant water. Hydroponic systems use air blowers to fill the intake water with bubbles and oxygenate it. If you stop the blowers, then the root zone gets stagnant... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] |
bkfjr0 | Why aren't small diesel engines more popular in the USA like they are in Europe? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"emgb4kq",
"emgbc41",
"emge3hs"
],
"text": [
"There hasn't been a strong economic motivation for the cost of transitioning to diesel architecture in the United States. Even when gasoline is expensive, it tends to cost around half as much as in typical European markets (due in part to t... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
bkfvqg | How is code, compiled down to machine code (1s and 0s) changed to voltage? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"emggloj"
],
"text": [
"Well it's not really ELI5, but it boils down to the transistor, which is an electronic switch. A transistor has an input, a control, and an output. As used in digital circuits, these are binary, having only two states, on or off. So, you can wire up this switch in a few... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
bkqeao | I've seen clips of players im games like Minecraft and others make fully functioning calculators. How is this done/possible? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"emit4r8"
],
"text": [
"This is a very good intro to some very approachable CS concepts. If my explanation is confusing, skip to the end for some YouTube links Most computers are made up of assembled \"logic gates\". They take a set of inputs and produce a set of outputs, the inputs and output... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
bksn66 | How did Stephen Hawking’s voice tech work? | How does voice text for anyone who’s paralyzed work? Like the basics and the more advanced parts. | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"emj8h3v",
"emj8r32"
],
"text": [
"He had a small screen where he could select letters & words He had one functional muscle in his cheek he could use to input commands to the screen A computer reads out the message when he is finished composing it.",
"I just watched an interview with W... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] |
bkw4ar | Does airtight automatically mean water proof? How about visa versa? | For example - were space suits made waterproof for training purposes or were they already waterproof and it just so happened to work out for underwater training? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"emjwlr6",
"emk1qwo",
"emkwfur"
],
"text": [
"Air molecules are smaller than water molecules so airtight is generally automatically waterproof. Think about it - if you have an airtight container (say, a bottle) and hold it underwater it stops water getting in and air getting out BUT...... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] |
bkwxk4 | When sending data (bytes) over the internet, how does the çomputer/phone know that a byte has just been read, and a new one is coming (how does it recognize the start and end of a byte) | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"emjzv2f",
"emk5d9q",
"emk1bic"
],
"text": [
"The network device doesn't actually have to separate the bytes - it just sends a stream of bits, and the receiving device can just take every 8 consecutive bits and treat them as one byte. The only problem is to determine where the first by... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] |
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