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jokgyp
Why are HD TV channels and regular TV channels separate channels? And why can’t there just be HD channels?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gb8gvku" ], "text": [ "All older standard definition TVs can't display HD information, but the problem is that some older standard definition TVs can't process HD information. Since they can't convert HD into something that will fit on their SD screen, they can't show the channel at all. Tell...
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
jol6fu
Why do tech companies have a very high turnover rate?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gb8lrx2", "gb8omg3", "gb8lw9h", "gb8on02" ], "text": [ "Software Engineer here! There are a few factors that combine for high turnover in the tech field 1. Wide availability of jobs 2. Pressure to have a wide variety of technologies in your toolbox 3. Changing jobs generally yield...
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
jonm6m
Why does 24fps anime look better than 60 fps anime?
60 fps anime just looks weird, I don't know if this is just my personal preference or a shared opinion.
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gb92ia4" ], "text": [ "Because 60fps anime is interpolated (almost two thirds of the images are drawn by a computer guessing from two neighboring 24fps frames). Anime properly animated from the studio at 60fps would look way better than 24fps - but also cost 3x as much." ], "score": [ ...
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
joppkm
Is the amount of QR codes finite?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gb9h53r", "gb9q4gg" ], "text": [ "For a given size of QR code, yes. Just like there are finite amount of sentences that are 100 characters long, for example. *Exactly* like that, in fact, since a QR code is just another way of displaying a string of characters. But for *practical* purpose...
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
jopz1f
if black is the absence of light, how do black lights work
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gb9ibt9", "gb9ivza", "gb9wki0", "gb9imsg" ], "text": [ "\"Black light\" is just a marketing term for ultraviolet lights. Ultraviolet is outside of the visible spectrum, and while some violet tends to be produced as well, you can't see most of the light produced by a black light, h...
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
josrm8
How does Google Search find out thousands of results from the entire web in an instant, while my fairly large Excel spreadsheet can take a good few seconds to find a particular cell value?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gba2ixq", "gba26hq" ], "text": [ "Google does a LOT of indexing and caching. Indexing is where they categorize pages based on keywords, popularity, credibility and a bunch of other signals, and they search the index for results that fit your search criteria, rather than searching each pag...
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
joszeu
Why do older 3D graphic games look worse to us than retro 2D games?
Looking at old 2D games and usually the graphics are aesthetically tolerable if not pleasing. Looking at old 3D games, like early era Playstation, and it's unpleasant to look at. Is it because 2D pixelated games are more like "art" or is there something fundamentally offputting to our brains about older 3D graphics?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gba40ke", "gba5mo3" ], "text": [ "It’s similar to t he “uncanny valley” phenomenon if you know what that is. Basically, the closer some tries to look to real life, the more our brain finds the imperfection in them disturbing, as if you’re looking at a disfigured person. But for things tha...
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jot9e8
Why is it so difficult to emulate modern video games on PC?
Shouldn't it be easy for a modern gaming PC to handle games like Mario Kart 8 or Bloodborne, that were designed to run smoothly on much lower spec consoles?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gba5op9", "gba5nji", "gba66xt" ], "text": [ "Emulation is hard. Imagine that you have to try and hold a conversation with someone in a completely different language you have no idea about. You have a really good dictionary, but every time you want to say something, you have to look it...
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
jotgjo
Why is a hard drive so much bigger in comparison to a SD Cards or USB stick, even though the storage space is the same?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gba6sa9", "gbachmx" ], "text": [ "Because a mechanical hard drive needs to fit its spinning platters, optical reader assembly, and controller circuitry into its chassis. Flash memory devices like USB sticks and SD cards have no moving parts, storing their data directly on a chip. Therefor...
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
joumso
Why do laundry baskets have holes all over?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gbafwc6" ], "text": [ "This is to create ventilation for your dirty clothes so that bacteria have oxygen - some bacteria under non-oxygen (anaerobic) conditions grow and produce foul smells, which is why if you leave dirty clothes in packed plastic bag a smell develops" ], "score": [ ...
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
jouzl0
I hear people use the term “n-bit systems” when talking about computers. What exactly is the meaning of said term?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gbaj2yd" ], "text": [ "It’s the memory addressing mode of the central processor. Today 32-bit and 64-bit are the most common. Not to get too technical think of it as the maximum size of a data type the cpu can utilize. 32 bit is a big number, 64-bit nearly unimaginable number something in the...
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
jowz3l
for phishing emails to work, is opening up the email enough for spammers, or does a link within have to be clicked?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gbb6r2h", "gbaz2ou", "gbazorh", "gbbhgjf" ], "text": [ "If there are images embedded in the email and you load those images, you could be telling an attacker that your email address is valid and could result in more attempts targeted towards you.", "While you can get viruses i...
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
jox1ze
How the FBI "seizes" a website? How exactly does that work?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gbazuy6", "gbb08xm", "gbba5pv" ], "text": [ "They go to the DNS operator that points users to the site's IP address and tell them to point someplace else. They might go so far as to have the IP address rerouted, but that's less common.", "So for a website to work the computer host...
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
jp0jqf
what is DHCP
What is DHCP and how does it work
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gbbn8xp", "gbbmo55", "gbc6u52" ], "text": [ "Let’s say you go to a restaurant that will only take tables for a limited amount time. So you go up to the hostess to get a table, the hostess asks how many people, and they inform you if they have a table available. If they do they will se...
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
jp0l72
Why did we count vertical lines for HD, but horizontal lines for UHD and 8K?
Back when Full HD was the best we had, we used the terms 480p, 720p and 1080p, where the number was the number of vertical rows. Now with 4K and 8K we seem to be counting horizontally (and less accurately to boot) Why the change? Is it just simply marketing (4K sounds bigger than 2160p), or is there more to it?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gbbr5ny", "gbbwx9q", "gbc1xsb" ], "text": [ "mainly marketing. the way monitors work is that they draw each row one at a time. so 480p means 480p progressive scan, meaning that for each frame 480 rows are drawn. the other is 480i which means interlaced, where every other row is drawn ...
[ "url" ]
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jp3ero
Why can't you install Windows/Linux on a PS4 or Xbox?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gbc43vp", "gbc66tz", "gbcr0vq", "gbc70ao" ], "text": [ "Because Sony and Microsoft very strictly control what can run on these boxes. If they didn't then people could install their own applications and use it as a means of copying games or bypassing other protections. Consoles are...
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[ "url" ]
jp47hx
Why arent driver seats in the center rather than left/right?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gbc7exw", "gbc87yi", "gbccus2", "gbcvvfk", "gbc9v44", "gbc91wd" ], "text": [ "It's safer to be near the center of the road. Imagine trying to pass another car on a two-lane road, but the only way to see around the car in front of you was to move almost completely into the ...
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
jp5i3j
Why is the voice comms on walkie talkies and aeroplanes and helicopters still so bad quality
I just watched a video with voice comms on a helicopter, and the audio quality is atrocious and it was pretty recent (2018). Why is the communication not improved to some kind of digital equivalent and much improved quality? [ URL_0 ]( URL_0 ) Walkie talkies also sound horrible and an unfamiliar ear won't really be abl...
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gbci521", "gbcpmt6" ], "text": [ "Helicopters are partly down to the sheer volume. You've got the turbine engines and rotor blades producing a lot of noise to the point where hearing protection is pretty essential for all passengers. Filtering that out cuts a lot of the quality. As for wa...
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[ "url" ]
jp6tfb
What's that sensation you get when you know a Television is on nearby even if you can't see or hear it directly?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gbcpijy" ], "text": [ "Its less common these days, but with old CRTs it was because the transformer whined at a barely audible frequency. CRT TVs worked by tracing an electron beam horizontally across a row of pixels to light up the right ones, then going to the next row and doing the same. T...
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
jp98np
How come we can detect asteroids that will take decades to come (such as asteroid Apophis), but we can't detect a hypothesized planet 9, even thought supposedly it's much bigger?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gbd6khw", "gbd6r5j" ], "text": [ "Asteroids like Apophis circle the Sun relatively similar to how the Earth does, meaning the body passes by Earth within fractions of an astronomical unit yearly. Once we recognize and catalog the body, we can track how it travels and determine the likelih...
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
jpce32
How do they deal with dead skin in the air, cough spatter and other small flying things in space stations?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gbdtmdl", "gbe6tuc", "gbexi7j", "gbdrm35", "gbfgs3r", "gbf9yy6", "gbfskft", "gbg0vd9", "gbg6lx1", "gbf6cof" ], "text": [ "They have a fully functional ventilation system just like any office building. More serious then dust is the risk from pockets of stale...
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
jpgaz0
why can’t internal combustion engines be “permanently lubricated”, but electric motors can?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gbeltch", "gbeifi0", "gbeo3lf", "gbeqaul", "gbej0el", "gbfak67", "gbewrsw", "gbg462b" ], "text": [ "There is also a lot of soot and corrosive combustion byproducts that get into engine oil, which are prevented from causing engine damage by an \"additive package\" m...
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[ "url" ]
jppxob
Why are video games with locked frame rates always 30 or 60fps, never in between?
Why are games never locked to, say, 35, 40, 45, 50 or 55fps? It's always 30 or 60. Thanks :)
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gbg480r" ], "text": [ "Modern TVs are set up with refresh rates of 30, 60 of 120 fps. Video games that refresh at the same rate as the TV, or in an easy conversion amount, look better, with less chop in the image. If you tried to lock fps to something weird, like 50 fps, then for every second...
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
jpqt7x
Why does mineral oil not conduct electricity?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gbg9ra2", "gbgfzzy", "gbga1pi" ], "text": [ "Weird news for you: water doesn't conduct electricity either. You just have to use very clean water. What conducts in every material is movable charged particles. In metals that are electrons that aren't as tightly bound to their atoms. In ...
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jprd3d
How did Zoom, a company we didnt even hear of till 2020, take the video calling market by storm even though there were many well established services like Skype and Cisco Webex?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gbgevrv", "gbgcpaq", "gbgdq9r", "gbgdso8", "gbgfs4d", "gbggbbo", "gbgfraj", "gbgg7x8", "gbgcd7l", "gbgh5pj", "gbgfbu4", "gbghobc", "gbgfgsw", "gbghbt1", "gbgi2yf", "gbgh80z", "gbgfygz", "gbghevq" ], "text": [ "Zoom was alread...
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[ "url" ]
jpw2i4
How TOR/ onion websites remain anonymous.
How does the TOR network find its IP address or whatever its supposed to connect to, How do these sites hide their actual address and how are we sure that only TOR can decrypt the .onion address.
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gbijrqa" ], "text": [ "So first let's go over how TOR connects to a known IP address. To connect to a known IP address in the TOR network, a computer picks 3 servers to serve as intermediary nodes. Then, an encrypted tunnel is established between each node in such a way that only the first no...
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
jpykp2
How does Microsoft Word autorecover my documents if my laptop crashes?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gbhwgp9" ], "text": [ "It depends on if the option is turned on and working properly. But what it does is save a copy every few minutes even if you don’t hit save yourself. That’s all it does. Then if the laptop crashes it looks at the place where it saves those temp files and says, hey there...
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
jq8gdf
why cant the robots read the captcha?
All these websites have the verification captcha to prove that I am not a robot. Why cant robots read that? It doesnt seem that difficult when all these advanced robots are being produced.
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gbkzyva", "gbl975i" ], "text": [ "It's a matter of objects recognition. It's global problem of computer science, and by now we have very slow, time-consuming and partial solutions. Small change in images make them unrecognizable for AI but easy for humans.", "There's a pretty good cha...
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jq9k2t
How the storage on devices is made?
How do the computers, phones, hard drives, USB pen drives, and even cloud drives get storages? How is it produced or manufactured? Why is it in the power of 2s?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gblerzn", "gblexj9" ], "text": [ "This is an hard one to reply because the technologies vary wildly between devices. HDD are monumentally different from SSDs, which are relatively more similar to RAMs, but still very different. In short: HDDs store information via magnetisation. As you mi...
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jqabxz
How do they make fireworks that assume a specific shape when they go off?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gblu99v" ], "text": [ "Shapes like a circle are easy. You place small charges with delayed fuses around a bigger charge that blows them away from the center point equally in all directions. Shapes like a heart or other more complex ones need the central \"spreader\" charge to be specially sha...
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[ "url" ]
jqcwcg
How does force reboot simulate disconnecting the battery in a smartphone with an unremovable battery?
My android phone wouldn't turn on until I force rebooted it. Is force rebooting the same as the old school method of removing the battery (a regrettably rare feature these days)? If so, how can an electricity-reliant device's software simulate a battery removal without actually cutting the power?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gbm8qqh" ], "text": [ "One part of the system, close to the battery, cuts off power to the rest of the system, but retains power to itself." ], "score": [ 5 ], "text_urls": [ [] ] }
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
jqhqyv
What is special about ARM computer processing?
I keep hearing about the new Macs with ARM processors, as opposed to x86. I don’t understand what either of those mean.
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gbn8bu6", "gbn8qyx", "gbo2zni", "gbncczf", "gboa5j9" ], "text": [ "Processor architecture means the way the processor carries out instructions. x86 is designed to be able to do a bunch of specific complex instructions and ARM is designed to do a limited group of very simple in...
[ "url" ]
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jqo0br
how do snipers account for the clitoris effect, air resistance, and wind all at the same time?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gbobu6q", "gbobsao", "gboe02h", "gbobx92", "gboeieb", "gboejg0" ], "text": [ "I believe you mean the Coriolis effect (and if that was an auto-correct error it's a pretty great one). The short answer to your question is: you can account for any known variables where you und...
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jqp12a
How are programmers able to manipulate electricity to produce images on a screen?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gboimdz", "gboj6jv" ], "text": [ "Greatly simplified, each pixel is just a little group of lights that are either red, green, or blue, and can be switched on and off quickly to mimic different brightness levels. When blended together at varying brightness those 3 colors make all the rest ...
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jqpesb
Can a graphics card be used as a computer on its own?
Hypothetically if you had the skills and knowledge to hack into a graphics card, would it be possible to reprogram the GPU to do tasks a normal cpu would be able to do with no external data being sent to it? Like you just plug it into power and it does stuff. Even with limited functionality would you be able to program...
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gbol3xr" ], "text": [ "Wholly on it’s own, not really, the GPU doesn’t really have anything that can keep data after you turn off the power, plus it sucks at a lot of the math not related to graphics. That being said, a lot of the math related to graphics can be applied to other things. And p...
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jr0qxk
Laundry. Do you really need to sort clothes? Does fabric softener do anything? What are things our parents taught us about laundry that don't matter with current washing machines?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gbqc4b6", "gbqczyu", "gbqcdcr", "gbqgl6e" ], "text": [ "Not gonna comment on washing, but for love of no starting a fire, clean off the dryer lint catcher every single time!", "You don’t NEED to sort laundry, but you can if you prefer. You don’t NEED to use fabric softener, bu...
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jr2ue7
If dogfighting doesn't really happen anymore, why do Air Superiority Fighters still have canons? What are they for?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gbqp58y", "gbqr5n8" ], "text": [ "They said thr age of dogfighting was over after missiles were invented. In fact, the US was so sure if this that they made the F-4 Phantom without a gun. Then Vietnam happened. There it was discovered that missiles aren’t as reliable or a sure thing as or...
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jr669u
What is Right-to-Repair and how does it impact the average person?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gbraa84", "gbrbgf6", "gbrb00z" ], "text": [ "Im no expert on your country’s legislation but the idea is that owners of a device should be able to repair the device they bought. So there should be no artificial block in place purely to stop that. It was created to stop tech companies f...
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jr78p5
Why do HD videos stream flawlessly on Netflix and other OTT platforms but not on Porn Sites?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gbriabk" ], "text": [ "Netflix, and many other large streaming services, have CDNs (content delivery nodes) within the infrastructure of most ISPs. So when you're connecting to Netflix, you're not really going out \"across the internet,\" you're generally just connecting to a server that is w...
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
jr8l65
How does the start/stop feature in newer cars save fuel and not just wear out the starter?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gbropah", "gbs68hr", "gbryk6x", "gbson80", "gbs3g22", "gbs7r7j", "gbsru4t", "gbsypga", "gbroocy", "gbssdpf", "gbsjneq", "gbshwqt", "gbspeei", "gbt91sb" ], "text": [ "The simple answer is that the starter motors are specifically designed for ...
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[ "url" ]
jr9qf5
- Why do elevator floor numbers change faster than the elevator travels?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gbs3wiy" ], "text": [ "Because the display goes at a constant rate, while the actual travel of the elevator starts with slow acceleration and eventually reaching full speed, then again slowly decelerating at the end, to reduce the amount of jerk felt by passengers. There is no need to complic...
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[ "url" ]
jrfvut
how does a TV remote control when a television turns on and off?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gbszlkg" ], "text": [ "Aim your phone camera at it, specifically the shiny black part at the front. You'll see a purple dot glowing there. That's a very near infrared LED light. Just outside of human vision, but within the range of your camera. Purple because it causes the red and blue sensor...
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jrl2jg
Why personal computers mostly use graphical user interfaces and mainframe/servers & supercomputers are mostly controlled through command/text line?
I know why PCs use GUI that is interactive for personal usage but for the sake of making a complete el5 question for others, I've included it.
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gbtr2vz", "gbtvtac", "gbtr5qb", "gbtuygo", "gbtthyt", "gbtxwme", "gbtqz5k" ], "text": [ "People who use the latter category are mainly IT professionals and computer scientists who a) may not need the more user-friendly interface, which saves development costs, and b) m...
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jrlxrw
Why is it so hard to add Ray tracing to games?
For example, games like Fortnite, Satisfactory, and Sea of Thieves. What challenges are they facing?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gbtxcb2" ], "text": [ "Ray tracing is a method of projecting a vector (direction and magnitude [length, distance, w/e you want to call it]) into a direction until it \"hits\" or \"collides\" with another object which then we use some math to reflect the \"ray\" back in some direction. These e...
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[ "url" ]
jrm9ht
how secure telephones work
How do secure telephone and connections work as when described by military personal onboard AF1 for example.
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gbu2fpj", "gbugnw0" ], "text": [ "Imagine you want to securely talk to a friend, and say you know another friend that talks a language not native to your location, and the friend you want to talk to also knows someone talking this language. So you tell the translator what you want your fr...
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[ "url" ]
jrnypu
How does cryptocurrency work, more specifically how do you “mine” cryptocurrency and where does it come from if it’s all digital
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gbuaa9p", "gbualus" ], "text": [ "In a simplified sense: To spend \"coins\", you broadcast a message to the network, specifying that you want the output of a previous transaction to be sent to [public key of recipient(s), aka an address], signed with the private key of the address the coi...
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jroito
Why replacing 2 of the batteries won't give a toy 2/3 battery life.
So my kids toy backhoe ran out of battery and I only had 2 spair batteries with me while the backhoe needed 3. I put in the 2 and it didn't work. So I went and got a 3rd battery and it works fine now. ELI5, why replacing 2 of the 3 doesn't work. I would think that it would just bring the toy to 2/3 of a full battery.
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gbue0k5", "gbudr2l" ], "text": [ "Electricity has 2 major measurements: the voltage which is like the \"pressure\" in a hose, and the current which is like the \"flow\" in a hose. When you multiply these two numbers together you get the power consumed by the device (in watts). Each batter...
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[ "url" ]
jrs0wn
In Task Manager (or Activity Monitor on Mac), how does it close a program differently, whether I pick "end" or "end now"/force close?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gbv2d3r", "gbuzxfi", "gbv3vxb" ], "text": [ "One is asking a worker to finish what they are doing, clean up their desk and go home, the other is taking out a gun and shooting a worker in the head. The latter makes them stop really quick, but leaves quite a mess. The former is dependen...
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[ "url" ]
jrvgoa
Why is there only one internet and not multiple?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gbvlzgn", "gbvlw4i" ], "text": [ "There are many, many mini-internets. However, if you connect one to the main internet, then you lose nothing and now you have access to way more information from your network. As such, most people choose to connect their 'micronet' home networks to the in...
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[ "url" ]
jrx3pb
How do hospitals calibrate their testing devices?
Title, for example blood test machines... O2 level monitors... ekgs even.
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gbvvp7k", "gbvwsbq" ], "text": [ "There are a ton of calibration service companies, and the manufacturer as well. Equipment calibration is a very large business.", "I work in a hospital lab so calibration is part of my daily routine! We do QC (quality control, what you're calling cali...
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[ "url" ]
jrxkih
please - Why do high speed cameras ( Phantom ) generate so much heat ?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gbvxz90" ], "text": [ "They are essentially extremely high perfomance computers designed around a specialized purpose. Those 10k frames/second videos at high resolution require a massive amount of data transfer and storage." ], "score": [ 8 ], "text_urls": [ [] ] }
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
jry23g
Why are USB chargers and power transformers all different shapes, and so many are bigger than the standard gap between power plugs? It really grinds my gears that you either can't plug 2 into the same double wallplate, or have to leave a space in between on a power strip!
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gbw1c03" ], "text": [ "Because most manufacturers literally don't care. They are designing around internal component choices and their market research for form factors. Also, if they have another power supply that requires the larger form, it may be cheaper for them to reuse the larger case f...
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jrztt3
What allows silicon to be this "magical material" that makes computers work?
I understand that at their core, CPUs are simply doing simple mathematical operations. But how does silicon actually allow them to do this? What properties does it have that no other materials do? Can other materials do this too? & #x200B; Everything I've found online seems to have information about what happens down t...
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gbwcuwn" ], "text": [ "Silicon isn't unique, its just well suited. It has something called a band gap that is in the correct range to be easily used for small transistors. Basically, it's a property that can be utilized to allow the material under certain conditions to act as either a conduct...
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js2291
how did people in the midevial age or in poor countries discover where to build wells for their village?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gbwqks6", "gbx77qp" ], "text": [ "Wells are just dug down till you hit the water table. Doesn't particularly matter too much where as long as you aren't talking hundreds of miles away. Once you get a hole below the water table, water will seep in from the sides till it makes a pool at the...
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[ "url" ]
js2588
How did the navigation on the Apollo mission work?
I know there was some sort of astrolabe, but I don't understand how it worked or how the spacecraft reacted to the information it provided.
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gbws03m" ], "text": [ "The star charts were just used to calibrate rotation of the IMU (which estimates rotation and mass by measuring acceleration continuously). But since the IMU isn't perfect the calculated rotation would drift over time. By using the stars are a fixed background, a telesc...
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[ "url" ]
js2d9g
How did prehistoric humans fare oceans without any compasses or other advanced technology?
Neolithic humans of various species are known to have crossed various huge expanses of water at a time when their tools likely included nothing more than rope, wood, stone and animal materials. The idea of this terrifies me and I would call it suicidal if somebody attempted it today, yet it apparently happened quite a ...
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gbwv8za", "gbwryf2", "gbwypde" ], "text": [ "The Polynesians were the best open ocean navigators you'll find that didn't use any math. They used wave patterns, star positions, and knowing the wind to get around. Everyone else normally kept the coast in sight going from landmark to lan...
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[ "url" ]
jsdapa
Black and White Film Reel playback Speed
ELI5: Why does black and white film reel appear to make a recording play faster than modern film? (for example: old Babe Ruth World Series footage)
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gbyk2eg" ], "text": [ "Some old films were hand cranked while filming so the pace of the filming isn't consistent and results in different speeds of recording." ], "score": [ 5 ], "text_urls": [ [] ] }
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
jshb4i
how do they keep oxygen aboard the space station?
Like the title says, how do they keep air aboard the space station? Theres no air to extract from the empty space around it. Do they send up air tanks constantly? If there was a big leak, would everyone aboard suffocate before we could send up more? How does it work?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gbz5cwq", "gbz6mdj" ], "text": [ "> Do they send up air tanks constantly? Yep, they get a refill now and then. > If there was a big leak, would everyone aboard suffocate before we could send up more? How does it work? They have emergency supplies to re-fill. There's limits though. The ris...
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jsjrkb
Why have PCs had SSDs for years but only with the new gen consoles has no load times suddenly becoming a thing?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gbzk0lo", "gc182io" ], "text": [ "Cost. Solid state drives were still A LOT more expensive (per unit of storage) when the previous generation of consoles were being designed (around 2012-2013) than they are today. Back around 2011/2012, many consumer SSDs still cost around $1/gb as a roug...
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jsordv
How is it possible that we can record video in slow motion, but sound sounds distorted or choppy?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gc0hbwt" ], "text": [ "Video is a series of very slightly changing still photos. Too slow it down don’t change the nature of the photos just the rate at which we see them. Sound is the movement of air against our eardrum. The movement IS the sound. To alter the speed world change the sound it...
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[ "url" ]
jsscrw
What is Pi-hole network?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gc18767" ], "text": [ "Pi-hole is a software that works as a DNS-based adblocker for the entire local network. Meaning if you have one machine running pi-hole connected to your home wifi, you won't see ads on any other machine connected to the same wifi network. It works by setting it up as a...
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[ "url" ]
jsstt6
If satellites are orbiting the Earth, how can they still work when they leave the area which they were supposed to broadcast to?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gc19s3b", "gc1bu3t" ], "text": [ "Either there are loads of them so one takes over as another leaves (gps uses this), or they don’t move relative to the earth (geo stationary - satellite communications use these)", "There's 2 possibilities. First, they don't. It's called a geostationa...
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[ "url" ]
jsuicm
Why do games cost more to direct download on a console than to buy a disc? Surely direct download saves the manufacturer costs on transport, shipping, actual materials for disks and packaging, setting up deals with retailers etc...
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gc1jz7j", "gc1maiz", "gc1m56n", "gc20apb", "gc27zdr", "gc1njue", "gc2fng1", "gc2gmcc", "gc2lsr2", "gc2wyqf", "gc24gfy" ], "text": [ "This is because of a common error people make when thinking about companies pricing products: It has almost nothing to d...
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jsv9fu
Why did the musket outclass the bow?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gc1tbbt", "gc1upe0", "gc205nc", "gc1s61c" ], "text": [ "The reduced training and skill requirement is a lot bigger than you might think. A bow requires constant training and some serious arm strength to use effectively, whereas muskets level out the skill requirements considerably...
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jswc32
When removing objects from a photo in Photoshop, how does Photoshop recreate what is behind the person so accurately?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gc1vu3d", "gc1xypk", "gc2aco3" ], "text": [ "For the most part it doesn't - the artist has to manually clone it in from other parts of the image. However, these days there's also AI object removal that works by having been fed millions of images. It can then look at the current image ...
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jt018a
How are some digital scales able to tell such little weight differences? (Such as between 0.00g and 0.01g)
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gc2o5r8" ], "text": [ "The difference between 0.00g and 0.01 g is only little in terms of your perception of the world. There's 2.618*10^20 atoms in 0.01 grams of salt. (That's a lot) so if your method of finding out a sample's weight was counting atoms, then 0.01grams is an enormous weight. ...
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jt41d9
Why is the URL of google searches so long, what does it all mean?
Example: If I image search the word "adorable" in google images this is the URL I get: " "[ URL_2 ]( URL_0 First: Why is it so long and not something short like "[ URL_3 ]( URL_1 )" for example? Second: What do all those strange abbreviations (if they even are abbreviations) mean for example like "tbm = isch" and ved =...
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gc3g0js", "gc3bdca", "gc3ezka", "gc3hwe2", "gc3pqmt", "gc4s8wi" ], "text": [ "A lot of that is tracking information. Here I'll break down your entire URL for you. `q` = The query it's actually searching for. Usually the same as `oq` unless you clicked on a suggested search...
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jtb23z
How exactly does a automatic weapon work?
I have a basic idea of how a gun works. Like the firing pin hits the primer in the shell and the round fires. But for automatic weapons how does the firing pin reset?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gc4jveb", "gc4jwjr", "gc4jzcz" ], "text": [ "When you shoot a gun, not all of the energy from the explosion gets transferred into the bullet. For ex, if you shoot a revolver, the kick will move your hands to a different position. Automatic weapons harness that mechanical energy using ...
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jtb2q4
Why do we need HDMI for HD video but cable can do it using a coaxial cable which is usually is associated with low quality SD video?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gc4k023" ], "text": [ "You don’t need HDMI for HD video. My set top box is happily stuffing multiple 4K streams through a coax as we speak. Coax is *extremely* high bandwidth." ], "score": [ 16 ], "text_urls": [ [] ] }
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jtc9jl
Why does Wifi use a signal strength icon that doesn't seem to correlate at all to your ability to access the internet via Wi-Fi?
I've always wondered about this, since I couldn't connect to very strong Wi-Fi in my college dorm over a decade ago, and just now when I've failed at troubleshooting my home Wi-Fi which showed a strong signal but that I can't connect to. Why do strong signals show up that you can't connect to? Why is the default measur...
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gc4qv1h", "gc4qyd9" ], "text": [ "WiFi strength indicators are exactly that: The strength of the WiFi signal, that is, the amplitude of electromagnetic waves at 2.4 GHz received on your device (usually measured in dBm). It does not reflect intermittent connections, loss of packets, collis...
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jtfjci
Why the sudden interest from governments to build mini nuclear reactors?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gc59bc1", "gc5b9jb" ], "text": [ "Ultimately, nuclear is the power of the future. It's the only technology we know of that can be deployed on a widespread basis for baseline power with sufficient power density to maintain a highly developed society. However, our model of nuclear reactors ...
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jtfknd
why do certain websites ask "are you a robot?"
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gc58lmp" ], "text": [ "Legitimate sites that ask you to complete a captcha (select images that contain a walrus, etc) are trying to filter out automated queries and for one reason or another aren't sure if you're real or not. Sites do this to prevent bots from automatically harvesting data fr...
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jtisor
How does clipping out of bounds work?
You'd think this question has already been answered, but I've mostly found questions about why it happens - as in, why clipping bugs don't get filtered out of some games etc. I'm specifically wondering what makes the player pass through objects or walls, I know it has to do with hitbox collision detection messing up, o...
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gc5yx6h" ], "text": [ "One big thing is that most objects in games are hollow. There's no collision detection on the inside, because there doesn't need to be, and it's extra computation that isn't needed. If two objects can't get past the initial collision with the surface, their insides will...
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jtk5ap
How can website detect that you are using a adblocker?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gc66riw", "gc682t0" ], "text": [ "Adblock detection is done in couple of ways. The most common way is to look for elements that should be displayed and aren't (ads.js for example). Another way is to check if a CSS property has the value you expect it to have or check for hidden browser wi...
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jtkip1
why wireless electronics are less responsive than wired electronics
This never made sense to me. Let’s take a the example of a keyboard. I have tried both wired and wireless keyboards side by side and I could clearly tell that the wired keyboard was quicker than the wireless one. You get the same results with mice, controllers, speakers, etc. But why? Electrons aren’t even close to bei...
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gc68hwp" ], "text": [ "It takes more time to encode the signal as a radio signal, an then decode it back into an electronic signal, especially with the cheap electronics used in wireless peripherals While it’s true that electrons are slower then radio waves, even if that was the only limiting...
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jtpcwv
What are the cookies websites tell you to accept
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gc7187f" ], "text": [ "Cookies are small files that a website, advertiser, etc. puts on your computer. Not all cookies are created equal. Some are pretty useful - it's how you can stay logged in to a website after you've restarted your computer. Sometimes, especially in the past, it was used ...
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jtthax
How are we able to create pieces of technology smaller than any tools we can work with?
For example, sd cards. You get a micro one that's smaller than your fingernail, how are you able to achieve that?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gc7rchd", "gc80z75", "gc7rzj0" ], "text": [ "precision machinery can make the plastic and SD card parts. the computer chip and transistors inside are what are truly amazing. these are patterned on a silicon wafer using light sensitive plastics, chemical etching, oxidation, planarizati...
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ju0cix
Why are processors so small? Double the size, double the performance?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gc8t757", "gc8vgyw" ], "text": [ "Electricity 'only' travels at the speed of light, and you need to make sure that all the parts of the CPU are still on the same clock cycle. Modern CPUs are doing several billion clock cycles per second, so there is a limit as to how far electrical signal...
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ju102r
Which common processes in video editing are the most intensive and which aren’t (and why)?
I know nothing about video editing, but I wanted to know which “processes” in video editing take 20 mins and which parts are instant. This is referring to when people compare laptops and note how long they take to “render” a video. What I wanted to know is which common processes can be done instantly and which ones hav...
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gc8xn1g" ], "text": [ "When you are finished editing your video, it's still in separate bits and pieces in the computer's memory. You have to permanently bake all those layers into one and then compress it via a video codec to get the finished product that isn't 20GB. This is the process that...
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ju2k92
I leave the same time every morning and same drive. Yet some days my FM radio channel has a lot of interference and I canta hear my channel. There is not a cloud in the sky. I’d say this happens a couple different days each week. Why is it like that when the situation is always the same?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gc9kpew" ], "text": [ "Interference can manifest itself from many seemingly benign sources, differences in temperatures along the cable path from the radio decoding the signals and the antenna can induce electrical artifacts that the radio itself misinterprets, small flaws in the wire and ant...
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[ "url" ]
ju2twt
Why do Smartphones advertise cameras with "64 Mega pixel resolution!" when the most common resolution (1920x1080) doesn't even cross 3 Mega Pixels?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gc97c8d", "gc979m8" ], "text": [ "Its not about the resolution of your screen. Because a higher pixel count allows more detail to be captured in the images which means you can zoom in on your pictures even further while still maintaining max detail. If you have ever changed the settings o...
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ju46fb
What are WhatsApp security codes and how do they work?
Every now and then, I open a WhatsApp group and see "xyz's security code has changed. Tap here for more info". I have no idea what that is and how that's supposed to ensure end to end encryption. It says I can scan it on the contact's phone, but what does that do? Can someone please explain this?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gc9gnyw", "gc9fttt" ], "text": [ "Best way to describe encryption is say to want to mail a box to a friend, but you don't trust your post man. So you put your box into a chest and put a lock on it. You then mail it to your friend and when he receives it, he can't open it because your lock...
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ju6ruc
How does music travel from the device to the earphones? How is this information recognised by the earphones, subsequently creating sound?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gc9wtec", "gc9x5wj" ], "text": [ "This is very simplified but to show you the concept; A speaker is a membrane that gets tensed up by electricity, and as such making the membrane move which in turn pushes out a wave, which is what we perceive as sound. In the most simple version you simpl...
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ju80zi
How do they re-release low-definition movies from the 1980s in Blu-Ray and 4k?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gca6glc" ], "text": [ "Basically, those movies were recorded on film stock, which actually is a high-definition format, we just didn't have the technology to display the full resolution that the movie cameras were capturing back then. But if the original film exists, you can scan it, and get ...
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ju8ket
what exactly are tesla coils?
I know they throw power through a few coils and end up shooting lighting. But is it really easy to make, or difficult?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gcabfa5" ], "text": [ "They are a kind of air core transformer. There are two coils, one small wrapped around a really large one's bottom. By putting very abrupt pulses of electricity through the smaller coil then cutting it off completely, the magnetic field generated by the smaller coil get...
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ju9iqk
Why does Greenland look so huge on a map if it is not that big?
I just found '[ URL_1 ]( URL_0 )' and i feel like my entire life is a lie. I thought greenland and canada were huge and this is telling me they arent...
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gcajix4", "gcahaj7" ], "text": [ "Take an orange. Peel it carefully keeping the rind in one piece. Flatten the rind down onto a table. See all those spaces that have been created by flattening them out? Now imagine filling them in so you end up with a nice pretty rectangle. That's why a '...
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juag9n
Why does a 1TB SSD offer only 931GB of space?
I installed windows on a 1TB SSD, and then when I see the local drive in windows explorer, it shows as only 931GB. Why is this?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gcapqu4", "gcaqi3a", "gcaphcs", "gcaqv00" ], "text": [ "Part unit confusion, part reserved space. The unit confusion is that early on, the computing industry appropriated the metric prefixes like \"kilo\" and \"mega\" to mean powers of 2. So in metric, \"kilo\" is 1000, in \"compu...
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juat0q
Why do sports bars have captions turned off when they have TVs on with the sound off?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gcasblt", "gcavo4c", "gcatxxq", "gcasb8b", "gcaw1ob", "gcaylab", "gcav1wy" ], "text": [ "CC for sports is going to be a play by play that isn't at all synced up to what's actually happening and it's a big black box randomly positioned that will likely block some part o...
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jubmry
why does every charger i buy for my iphone break almost immediately after purchase?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gcay05n" ], "text": [ "Try getting the ones sold by Anker. It's a little more expensive than most cables, but still much cheaper than the actual Apple cable. You can find them on Amazon." ], "score": [ 3 ], "text_urls": [ [] ] }
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juc3ke
How is the internet able to work... like that? How are we able to store so much on the internet and stay connected almost seamlessly?
The concept of the internet is always so bizarre to me and It's still a little hard to understand. How is it able to store so many things and have it be accessible to everyone? How are we able to be connected so quickly?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gcb1t97", "gcc9a46", "gcdalco" ], "text": [ "Companies like amazon are where most of the \"internet\" is. In short, the internet is just a giant web that connects a bunch of computers together. Just like you can search through your own computer files to find the song you're looking fo...
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judax3
How come homes and circuits are measured in Volts but appliances and electronics are measured in Watts?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gcbe46o", "gcbgak6" ], "text": [ "Volts is a unit of potential - it describes how energetic the electricity is. Watts is a unit of power - it describes the actual consumption of electrical energy We use volts in circuits because we are interested in the *signal* that the electricity carie...
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judbjr
Why did it take such a long time for humans to invent electricity?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gcbeb4p", "gcbjf0a" ], "text": [ "To some capacity, its one of those \"no one stumbled upon it\" for as long as it took for humans to discover electricity. When you spend 100% of your day trying to find food, shelter, and mates, there isn't a whole lot of time left to contemplate the unkn...
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juhmen
Why are there many server in Singapore (online games, vp*, etc), but not in the neighboring countries?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gccqhop", "gccxbxq" ], "text": [ "Malaysia and Indonesia have odd censorship laws, anti-privacy laws, and other regulation that make things a little difficult to use there. Similar deal with China. Australia has less of this but also has legendarily poor internet and is further from the r...
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[ "url" ]
jui8zy
How can I connect a usb to ethernet adapter to my PC's usb port and it connects it to the internet? How does the PC know it's ethernet and not a keyboard?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gccy84j", "gccyefc", "gccxglv", "gcdllcs" ], "text": [ "You attach a device to the USB port that handles the Ethernet communication. The device knows with is and it identifies itself by a [class code]( URL_0 ) There is a protocol when a device is connected when the device will sen...
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jujpeh
why does smartphones don't choose the best known WiFi? They keep connected to weaker signals even thought there are better ones.
Nowadays Mesh routers are becoming extremely popular, although they cost quite some money, and one of their main advantage is that they all work in the same network, meaning that you don't need to save multiple SSID and passwords, also, they they manage which device is connect to which node so you can have the best pos...
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gcdladv", "gcdx5j8" ], "text": [ "> I'm in an environment that has two different networks and one has a weak signal while the other a strong one. If I came from the weak signal area, my smartphone will keep connected to it even though it has a better option to. > So my question is, why it...
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jun29u
What's the difference between a Lithium-ion battery and a cell cylindrical dry battery?
As title. It just amazes me that the average phone has a 3000-4000 mAh Lithium-ion battery is as small as a chocolate bar when a Roomba has a 3000 mAh cell cylindrical dry battery that is like 20 times bigger. If I swap batteries of those two, how will the performance change?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gce8p7i" ], "text": [ "> If I swap batteries of those two, how will the performance change? Your phone will instantly light on fire and the Roomba will not even budge, because one's a 3Ah battery at 3.7 volts and the other is a 3Ah battery at 14 volts. Incidentally, the latter has more than 3...
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junpxm
How does quartz assist in the function of a watch?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gcebxy1", "gcebph9", "gcegrqj", "gceh1ww", "gcec3p2" ], "text": [ "It’s a form of time keeping. To keep time clocks need to measure from a constant frequency. In the past this has been done by measuring the constant electrical frequency of a mains circuit. Quartz has a constan...
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[ "url" ]
junukn
How does YouTube have enough storage space?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gceh02i", "gced5pw", "gcee2xn", "gceebin", "gceh8yd", "gcedool", "gcedwlp", "gcerzn8", "gcey2l9", "gcev81t", "gcexo0o", "gcexysh" ], "text": [ "Short, simple answer. They have a bunch of huge warehouses that look like [this.]( URL_0 ) Each data cent...
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
juu4nk
How does Google know my actual location when I'm using a VPN but YouTube allows me to watch region restricted clips at the same time? Shouldn't they both be "fooled" into thinking I'm at the same location?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gcg4ww6" ], "text": [ "Youtube figures out your location from where your internet connection is coming from. A VPN masks this. Google will usually base your located on your GPS location, not your internet connect. The VPN does nothing to mask this. And even if you are not using GPS, they can ...
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[ "url" ]
juz5dt
What is it that makes it so computers can't solve captchas?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gcgh16l", "gcgqe3i" ], "text": [ "It requires image recognition capabilities that don't yet exist outside some advanced machine learning laboratories. Asking a computer to look at a cluttered image of a street corner and identify a fire hydrant is not something it is going to be able to d...
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