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k7or2j
how exactly do apps like instagram and snapchat know when we take a screenshot?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gesgt15", "gesgyne" ], "text": [ "Because you allow them to track all activities on your phone unless you go in and specifically block the tracking, which most people don't.", "Each action done on an app is recorded. They are stored. Some apps simply discards or ignores data like scre...
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
k7pa5u
how does winrar gets profit if it don't even force the user to buy it.
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gesl6ez" ], "text": [ "Winrar is fully aware that the advrage user does not pay for their services. And they dont mind at all. Winrars profits come from companies and businesses who use their software. This is because a commercial buisness CANNOT legally use programs without purchasing lisenc...
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
k7ucnm
Where do new crypto exchanges get their liquidity from?
Bitcoin needs to be mined and isn't owned by anyone. Now, if I'm starting an exchange, where do I source the coins from? What's the process like? And how is risk managed. Any information is highly appreciated as I'm trying to learn more about crypto.
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "geu1ngm" ], "text": [ "You'd have to buy it from another exchange or build relations with miners to buy direct, or heck, and I'm just guessing here, if relations were built, you could sell another exchanges coins on thier behalf through your exchange." ], "score": [ 5 ], "text_url...
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
k7v84x
How does data compression work? How can a .zip file weigh a ton less than the original file?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "geu6pcg", "geuccqi", "geuajld", "geu7d6y" ], "text": [ "You find a pattern that is frequently repeated throughout the entire data, and write it down once and replace it with a reference. You do this over and over again, replacing everything that is sufficiently long and sufficient...
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
k7xm8c
how zipping a file actually works? Cause it’s the same amount of data just not
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "geulyop", "geukw1d", "geulvyr" ], "text": [ "1, especially written text 2 3 redundant, 4 2, it contains a lot of 5s of 6 same things. 6 way compression works 2 by searching for those 5ing parts and building a dictionary 4 assigns a shorthand symbol for each 5ing 1 segment. 6 specifics...
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
k7zkvc
Why are mobile screens above 330ppi are very cheap but monitors and TV panels are not?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "geuyly5", "gev5h6x" ], "text": [ "I assume it has to do with the size of the panel. At the same pixel density a large panel has 10s of times the number of pixels and this requires more materials, larger equipment, and probably more difficult quality control.", "There's little need for...
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[ "url" ]
k80n6u
Apple M1 Neural Engine and what differentiate it from Intel i cores?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gevg0yx" ], "text": [ "There are quite a few differences between the M1 chips and Intel processors. Firstly, the M1s are actually something call a System on Chip (SoC), meaning that it's a single unit that contains lots of different parts. The M1 contains a CPU (the processor), a GPU (a proce...
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[ "url" ]
k828uh
Why does Google Earth edit-out northern polar ice cap?
In Google Earth and Google Maps (and many similar services on web) you are not able to see north pole's ice cap. why is that?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gevka08", "gevmb2m" ], "text": [ "The North Pole has no land mass. It's just ice, as opposed to the South Pole. Which is it's own continent.", "Google maps exclude both poles because the projection they use would put them an infinity long distance away from the equator. So the cut of ...
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[ "url" ]
k82h1h
Cyberpunk 2077 started production in 2012. Since then the ps4 and ps5 had launched. Did they program the game for the ps5 before the ps4 was even launched?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gevmeue" ], "text": [ "No. Cyberpunk wasn’t really in development that long. CD Projekt Red just revealed it and then went back to work on The Witcher 3. Then in 2016 when development on W3’s final expansion Blood & Wine was almost complete they moved a small group of employees over to begin ...
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[ "url" ]
k83ezb
What is a “super computer” and what can it do?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gewc1tb", "gevstwx", "gevscv5", "gevztfo", "gevsht4", "gewp9rv", "gew6cby", "gewpypm", "gewzwdu", "gewdrsx" ], "text": [ "Thus far no ELI5.... Humans did math with pen and paper or whatever until calculators were created. Which does basic math for us quickl...
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
k84amf
What the difference between solving stego images in the wild and stego ctf images?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gew41uh" ], "text": [ "CTF stuff is designed to be solvable in a moderate amount of time. In the wild is designed to not be solvable, and in fact is the opposite. For example, all you would need to do to prevent someone from recovering some hidden data is encrypt it with a secure password and...
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
k84fwo
What is the difference between front-end and back-end development/technologies?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gew47fk", "gevy3zj" ], "text": [ "All the comments so far are non technical comparisons. So I’ll try give a high level technical overview while keeping it simple. I’ll focus on websites as that’s what your most likely asking about. Starting with the front end. The 3 building blocks to any...
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
k877h0
Why are screen resolutions multiples of 360?
I just noticed that most screens resolutions are multiples of 360 instead of straight numbers like 100 or 1000. What is the reasoning behind this?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gewhwr8", "gewgyh9" ], "text": [ "360 is a superior highly composite number, which gives it rather nice properties for even division. 360 is evenly divisible by all of the single-digit numbers except for 7 -- in other words, you can divide 360 evenly by 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, and 9. This is...
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[ "url" ]
k8av7y
What is happening on a molecular level when a computer is storing a memory?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gex4d6v" ], "text": [ "Depends on what you are storing on. Hard disks? Nothing. Hard Disk Drives (HDD) Are disks stacked on one another that spin very quickly and store data using magnetization on these disks. Thats the reason they are so fragile, as if you drop a magnet it loses it's strengt...
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k8baej
Is wireless internet bouncing off of me, passing through me, or is it more complicated than that?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gex58sr" ], "text": [ "Wireless internet uses radio waves (radio frequency or RF), which are part of the electromagnetic spectrum. Radio waves are radiation, just like light, heat and radioactivity. The entire universe is completely awash in electromagnetic radiation, there is literally no wh...
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[ "url" ]
k8bfxl
why is qwerty used on keyboards rather than abcde?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gex4kfx", "gex9fl3" ], "text": [ "Could be wrong. But I believe it was to stop typists from typing too fast. Because back then too fast of typing could cause a malfunction or jam on a typewriter.", "Back then we had type writers. Type writers used claws to punch a specific point with ...
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k8dn5w
Whats a mainframe and why do movie hackers always “override the mainframe?”
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gexgu69" ], "text": [ "The term mainframe is an older term from the days when only big companies would have computers and usually only one. It would take up entire rooms with lots of different racks of equipment connected together to form a computer. It is simillar to how a modern computer is...
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[ "url" ]
k8fh9t
What is the difference between a greenscreen and a bluescreen?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gexowgb" ], "text": [ "The obvious thing is the colour. In principle you could use any colour for chromakeying. However it is a big advantage if the colour does not appear in the foreground objects. This is why red or yellow is so rarely used as it can match the skin tone of humans as well as...
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
k8fvq7
airplane propelled by ion thruster, how the heck does that work?
I read recently about an airplane that is powered by ion flow which apparently creates a forward thrust airflow which creates lift in the wings. URL_0 No moving parts involved, no fuel, no propeller, no engine. It is fueled by ions pulled from nitrogen in air . This technology is confusing to me as I am a non-scientist...
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gexr2de", "gexrbwz", "geyh2z3", "gext8g2" ], "text": [ "> No moving parts involved, no fuel, no propeller, no engine. > It is fueled by ions pulled from nitrogen in air . Your mistaken there. Ion engine's naturally use fuel. Namely electricity. And xenon gas in space usually. Basi...
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[ "url" ]
k8i3h7
Could somebody make a video game or 3D environment in a computer that features more than 360 degrees to turn around?
Sorry, this is super hard to explain. Imagine spinning in a full circle and then be able to turn a bit further before you see what you saw at the start, before you turned around. Basically, what I’m asking is, could a > 360 degree computer-generated environment exist? Thanks for listening, if my question doesn’t make s...
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gey2woh", "gey38hc", "geyqcer" ], "text": [ "Video games are not bound by the same constraints as the physical word. If you can imagine it, you can make it. You might be interested in some videos about non-Euclidean geometry video game engines. URL_0 URL_1", "It's totally possible...
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
k8jfqw
How do car manufacturers prevent water such as rain, from entering the car engine when driving in rainy weather? I would assume that water in the engine is a big no no
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "geyb2gp" ], "text": [ "The hood minimizes water splashing directly on the engine itself. The air intakes are usually filtered, which would catch the few water droplets that made it in there. The fuel lines are all sealed to prevent fuel leaks, which also keeps water out. So there’s very littl...
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k8slbw
What happens if I use a website without clicking "accept cookies"?
I saw Tom Scott's video about how cookies are how your computer talks to the server and all that and fingerprinting and stuff, but you're supposed to be able to say no to cookies, right? Most websites don't have an option to say no. I've noticed that I usually get a banner that just says "accept all cookies" at the bot...
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gezz016" ], "text": [ "Not all cookies are created equal. Some are tracking, some are authentication. If sites pop up and allow you to refuse, generally they are not authentication based and not necessary. I have been testing this and refused any site that allows me to and seen no performance...
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
k8txsv
My new apartment is already wired for cable internet. Does it matter which provider I get?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gf07urz" ], "text": [ "No, any provider that services your address is likely to wire up your place as part of the installation fee (which they often waive). Just make sure you understand that first. Be warned that they may take out the wiring for a competing company." ], "score": [ 3 ...
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k8uewu
How does making a 3D model on my computer put so much strain on it, but rendering it in real time alongside a hundred copies of it in a video game work perfectly fine? Moreover, how does it take so long to render something that was already being shown and worked on?
Hope this doesn't count as a 'loaded question'.
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gf0od5p" ], "text": [ "There are two factors at play here. First, and most importantly, model editing software is designed to make editing the model easy, and not to render hundreds of things at once. As such it may use more complex/slower data-structures and algorithms to store and display t...
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k8wjk2
Why do the newer call of duty games take up so much space?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gf0rark", "gf0xkbt" ], "text": [ "A combination of the use of photogrammetry, HD assets and poor compression and optimization.", "Because of textures. Textures are photos or hand made photoshops of surfaces and textures that are put on object's polygons to make it look like the object...
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k8xpki
How do sounds/music that seem like they go from one ear to the other work ?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gf0z7p7" ], "text": [ "It seems like you’re talking about stereo sound. On almost all audio recordings, there are two different channels, one on the left and one on the right. Right plays through the right speaker and left on the left. These channels are usually synced to play the same sound ...
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k93w4b
- How does a dehumidifier work? How does it extract water from the air?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gf1t36a", "gf1tdb3" ], "text": [ "It’s basically a refrigerator. Air can hold less water as it gets colder. As the air goes over the cold coil, the water vapor forms on the cold coil(like on a cold drink glass on a hot humid day) and drips down to the bottom. It doesn’t cool the room down...
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k950y9
How does the metal ball used in nuclear weapons work, and how can it be handled without constant fear of exploding?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gf20jpw", "gf21oat", "gf221x0" ], "text": [ "Because it won't explode, it can't explode without first having another explosion compress it to an insane degree. A subcritical mass can become critical when compressed. So a nuclear weapon uses a subcritical mass of metal, and surrounds i...
[ "url" ]
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k9h0fm
Why do some computer software updates require a restart and others don’t?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gf46uvn" ], "text": [ "If the update changes the code that controls the printer, you don't have to reboot because you can stop the printer, install the code, and start it back up again. However, if the code you want to update controls memory or storage, you can't just turn those things off du...
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k9jv89
Why are hammers and nails still common in construction when battery powered drills and long screws are more efficient?
It has now dawned on me that drills (or battery powered screwdrivers) with long screws should be better on paper. Drill it in far enough, it gets to both boards. What stops that from holding then together?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gf4qnpr" ], "text": [ "Nails have a much higher shear strength than screws, they are much stronger. But screws stay in better. Put a nail halfway into a board and hit it sideways with a hammer, it will bend. Put a screw halfway in and hit it sideways with a hammer and it will break. So if the...
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k9m2ua
What is OpenVPN and how it is different from all other general VPNs?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gf55nlb" ], "text": [ "Very often the word \"Open\" means it's an open source project. This is true for OpenVPN too. So the only real difference is the license. Everyone may look at the code, modify and copy it as they please. This means it's transparent what it does, and when people find a b...
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k9mfan
Why do CT scans spin in circles? I just don’t understand why you need to go into a really loud scary tube rather than just getting a standard x-ray?
I’ve been in a few CT scans and I’m terrified of them and need to know what they do
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gf56hrs", "gf56xzv", "gf58np2" ], "text": [ "If you take an x-ray you get a flat 2d image. Is the cloudiness inside the lung, or outside the lung? You can’t tell on a flat image. But if you spin the x-ray and take a shot from every angle, you can connect those shots together and get a...
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k9mjsj
How are LCD, OLED, and Plasma screens able to specify a specific color for a specific pixel in the middle of a screen surrounded by millions of other pixels just like it?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gf579z2" ], "text": [ "By using the third dimension. The pixel is supplied from behind with 3 supply voltages each to specify how much Red, Green and Blue should light up. How exactly the coloured light is mixed depends on the type (some make LEDs light up more, others put a \"shutter\" in fr...
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k9ml2w
What is overcharging a battery?
I remember being told that leaving a rechargeable battery (e.g. cellphone's battery) charging after it's full will actually shorten battery life. Is this true and if so why does this happen? Also, I've heard with more recent batteries this so much or a problem as in ye olde days. If so, why?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gf56vru" ], "text": [ "Why now and not earlier? Because nowadays everything that matters (phone, computer, etc) uses lithium batteries. They are more prone to overcharging issues but they are good for light power delivery. On the other hand, most devices nowadays can optimize charging to prev...
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k9s021
The different types of hybrid car
Is there an ELI5-type explanation of them, as I know what a hybrid car is, it's just so I know what I'm buying as hybrid is a bit broad a term. I know what mild and plug-in hybrids are at basic level, but aren't there a few types?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gf60odp" ], "text": [ "Nowadays it's correct that there's basically just mild-hybrid and plug-in hybrid. They both have in common that they still have a normal gasoline or diesel engine. Mild-hybrid has a small battery and small electric motor. The idea behind that is that the electric engine...
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k9wbmb
why does turning a computer off and on again actually solve a large number of problems?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gf6rz3m" ], "text": [ "Most problems are caused by software getting stuck in a bad state it cannot get out of. Turning the computer off and on causes all the software to start fresh." ], "score": [ 6 ], "text_urls": [ [] ] }
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k9zctt
How come when you’re watching a video on a device that you’re talking to someone with, they can’t hear the audio from the video but they can hear your voice?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gf7b6ii" ], "text": [ "Devices have a built in feedback-damping algorithm that removes the sound they’re generating from the signal they’re picking up. Otherwise the two devices could just keep sending the same sound signal in an eternal loop. Hold a cheap microphone up to its own cheap speak...
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ka6pfw
why does computer OS take up so much storage when it's just mostly made up of texts of code?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gf8oici", "gf8lg7f", "gf8ru1e", "gf96tsc" ], "text": [ "It's a lot of text. Like a whole whole lot. The Windows git repo is 300GB. Though to be fair this also contains a lot of old stuff. But this is also compressed. The source code for the linux kernel which is only a small part ...
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ka6y85
How MS-DOS became widely adopted at a time when UNIX and it's clones were popular before that? What caused the popularity of MS-DOS?
UNIX was a pioneer in Operating systems. and it's clones were popular some decades ago. What caused MS-DOS to become even more popular than *nix?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gf8mq4h", "gf8ow1h", "gf8rt7w", "gf91r9n", "gf8nr4j", "gf9k3tq", "gf95mtj" ], "text": [ "Cheap licensing deal with IBM at a time when IBM, and later clones, were making their initial entrance into peoples homes.", "UNIX was a multi user, multitasking operating syst...
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[ "url" ]
ka72r0
How open-source is better than proprietary software for security?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gf8njbe", "gf8ptam", "gf8nwx8" ], "text": [ "(1) Lots of people can look at the code. This includes people smarter, dumber, richer and poorer than those who wrote the code, and so it is more likely that errors will get noticed and reported. (2) No financial incentive to keep bad code ...
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ka9g96
How were computers powerful enough to send people to the moon, with just a few kilohertz and kilobytes?
Essentially what the title says - I was looking at a few early computers, and they don't seem much more powerful than a digital wristwatch today. Does that mean there were more analog circuits, did the astronauts have to do more work, or was code really that efficient for those machines? If so, why do programs today ta...
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gf920oi", "gf91xyv" ], "text": [ "The code was ultra-stripped-down, with as much work as possible done beforehand, so that it only had to do a minimum of calculation...and still, in some situations, the computer couldn't do things fast enough. Why is modern software so much heavier? * It ...
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kacngk
How does face recognition software work?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gf9jpru" ], "text": [ "Think about a digital picture. It's basically a square (or rectangle) of pixels, each of which shows a color that is represented by a number (look up RGB and color depth if you're interested). In mathematics, a square or rectangle of numbers is an interesting thing call...
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[ "url" ]
kad0do
How are electrons moved by code?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gf9klou", "gf9l0fe" ], "text": [ "It's a layered system. Lets start at the bottom: Electrons are moved by opening and closing tiny switches electrically. They are called transistors. Many transitors form a circuit that can run machine code. Thats basically just binary numbers. 01101101 op...
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kad7c2
How is music played back, I don't understand how 0s and 1s can produce sound.
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gf9lebx", "gf9lo2x", "gf9m7lw", "gf9pk18" ], "text": [ "> How is music played back, I don't understand how 0s and 1s can produce sound. There isn't really any practical difference between storing a text and storing information like \"stimulate a speaker with voltage x for y second...
[ "url" ]
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kaj9nb
How and why do rechargeable batteries tend to drain faster and faster as time goes on?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gfatyg6", "gfb3ajr" ], "text": [ "Imagine a rechargeable battery not as one battery, but as thousands and thousands of tiny batteries. So if your rechargeable battery has 10,000 cells, when it's brand new let's say all of those are working. As you discharge and recharge the battery, some ...
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kakljl
What does happen in a phone when it's not charging but is still connected to the wire?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gfb229z", "gfb44sz" ], "text": [ "Its either charging or not charging. Modern mobile phones are a bit of liars about charging and their battery. Generally what they do is charge up to 100%, then slowly discharge to 95%, then charge back up. Now this entire time, your phone will say 100% a...
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kankz7
How can the Nest thermostat and other IoT devices be available from outside my private network when no specific firewall rules have been set up to allow a session to be initiated from outside the perimeter?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gfbjpkc", "gfblme2" ], "text": [ "They establish a reverse tunnel (a.k.a. they phone *out* to the cloud server), which firewalls almost always allow. They keep the connection alive and the server can send messages back to them over this link.", "Internet connections can be thought of ...
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[ "url" ]
kaqptu
How do "autosense" cycles work on dishwashers?
How does a dishwasher (or clothes washer) sense the amount of food/grime/stuff on what's inside?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gfcaczg" ], "text": [ "They have a turbidity sensor on the drain line, when the water runs clear the dishwasher knows the dishes are clean and so it finishes the cycle." ], "score": [ 11 ], "text_urls": [ [] ] }
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
kaqst1
Why does adding an emoji make my text split up into two (or more) shorter texts?
I accept the idea of character limits for text messages, but adding an emoji seems to reduce the allowed number of characters by about half, which seems like a lot to me. Do emojis just have too much data behind them or something?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gfc4bcj" ], "text": [ "Yes. Emojis are actually a code that your phone/computer is able to render in to the picture you end up seeing. Edit: they shouldn’t necessarily take up that much room but may depend on how the specific phone handles it." ], "score": [ 3 ], "text_urls": [ ...
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
katfaa
How does a Submarine work?
How is diving and going back up controlled, what's important about construction?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gfcma0c" ], "text": [ "Submarines use dive planes and ballast tanks to adjust depth. Dive planes are fairly straightforward. They're like airplane wings. When the sub is moving forward, angling them down pushes the boat down. Angling them up pushes the boat up. Ballast tanks are a bit differe...
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kaus8q
What will happen to flash-based sites on 1/1/2021?
I keep getting the warning that Adobe Flash Player will not work after 12/31/2021. Will there be another plug-in to download to be able to access flash-based content on websites? Will sites not use flash anymore?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gfctm64", "gfczep7" ], "text": [ "No, the plugin will be removed from browsers/operating systems and any website still relying on it will not function properly", "The player will be removed and unusable. Unlike most situations when support, think Windows 7, Vista or XP, that still wor...
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kavylf
How do we know that a very old painting such as the Mona Lisa is genuine?
I understand that there are techniques to date the paint on the canvas, etc. But how are the lineages/ownerships of these paintings over hundreds of years verified and kept track of?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gfd3kv9" ], "text": [ "Well with famous paintings usually a continuous chain of custody is known about. Multiple people write about who originally bought or commissioned or displayd a painting, and the history can be tracked. The whole history of a painting and how it can be verified is calle...
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kb0kpy
How are realistic animation movies like "The Lion King" made and rendered?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gfdqhr4" ], "text": [ "That is a super complex question. The simplest answer is the right tools, the right skills, effort, and time. Disney has a lot of talented animators with a passion for what they do and a lot of specialized tools. However time and effort makes a big difference. Go on you...
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[ "url" ]
kb2spk
How are cinema-grade projectors / film techniques different from others?
I was curious about how these projectors are able to project images up to these huge displays with such a crisp and high-quality definition. What resolutions are these films being filmed / played at? These are the questions I have lol Thanks!
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gfegizs", "gfehsgm", "gfekmiu" ], "text": [ "I'm not a projectionist but I've spoken with some people who work with these projectors, and while I don't fully understand much of it I can give you a rough idea of how projectors work in modern cinemas. Most cinemas have transitioned to d...
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
kb6blc
What are the current issues using lithium-ion batteries without cobalt?
Just as in the title, thanks
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gfeofrk" ], "text": [ "If I remember correctly, using iron is cheaper and better, and cobalt was used solely because of patent issues. This was expected for years, as the patent was due to expire sometime around now." ], "score": [ 5 ], "text_urls": [ [] ] }
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
kb7gva
How is a Project Orion-style nuclear pulse drive supposed to work of the charges don’t have any medium to travel through?
When they tested the concept in the atmosphere, the model could propel by surfing the shockwave, but doesn’t the shockwave come from a pressure wave propagating through the air? If I understand this right, nuclear explosions in space result in discharge of mostly electromagnetic energy, rather than kinetic energy becau...
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gff0hf1" ], "text": [ "[You can push stuff with light in space]( URL_0 ) just fine. Hard to find a better portable flashlight than a nuke in vacuum. However, Project Orion mostly planned on using the thrust from the vaporizing metal bomb body itself to throw a cloud of plasma against the rear...
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
kb90wv
- If a cell phone screen can be 4k, why can't they make tvs out of multiple phone screens to make 100+k tvs
My phone is not 4k. It's like 2k but still, if they can fit that many pixels into a small phone screen, why is it that a tv can't be made the same way so there are literally millions of lines of pixels. Edit: I read this subreddit all the time and I've never read such condescension before. I'm not stupid or dumb, I jus...
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gffdh9k", "gffibzx", "gffiqfx", "gffdvmy", "gfflcio", "gffsap0" ], "text": [ "I'm no expert, but I would imagine the problem is that rendering a unified image across that many pixels would require so much processing power that it is not yet cost efficient to create it, eve...
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
kbb3p2
How do graphics cards improve graphics? What makes a bad graphics card different from a good graphics card?
I’m trying to see what exactly makes a graphics card work or improve FPS and looks in a game.
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gffxs0o", "gffxtva", "gffyl4k" ], "text": [ "Good cards do more work per unit time than poor ones. The game can measure this as FPS, and to work with a poor card some stuff gets left out. While they try to leave in the most important stuff, more is better.", "More processing power...
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
kbcqv6
Why do memory sticks sometimes get corrupted when unplugged improperly?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gfg9xkq", "gfg9tt8" ], "text": [ "Imagine you're writing on a pad and someone pulls the paper away from you before your finished.", "More or less for the same reason why whatever you were saying may get cut off if you get thrown out of a place by a bouncer, rather than if you get to f...
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
kbdoc0
what is difficult about patching bugs in a video game? meaning why is it easier for companies to patch bugs after the release of the game rather than before?.
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gfghpu6", "gfgmupx", "gfgt9a4" ], "text": [ "You seem to be under the belief that they don't also fix bugs before release. Do you think they just leave hundreds of bugs, maybe thousands that would be found and created during the development process there until they release it? No, the...
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
kbdp3a
how do game developers create games with graphics so intense that not even the latest tech can achieve those graphics? (Like even the rtx 3090 struggling with CP2077)
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gfgicty", "gfgmuzq" ], "text": [ "They could create graphics that take 50 hours to render each frame of they wanted to. In many ways it's more difficult to do the opposite, having a game that runs well on a wide range of hardware. Generally speaking, targeting future hardware isn't too tr...
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
kbhxn1
How do pirates make money?
I have never personally pirated anything but I had a friend who did a lot and I'm curious how they pay to store 100s of those 70GB + games and give them out for free, especially the ones that don't install ransomware or whatever
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gfhir7m" ], "text": [ "If you mean the people who break the security on games then a lot of them do it for fun and fame among the community. Some do it to share with people who otherwise wouldn't be able to afford games. Some of the pirate sites run ads so they make some money when people vis...
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
kbpgpg
How do hybrid cars work? Can these cars run on gas and electric independently Like basically have 1 gas engine and 1 electric engine? Or do they work together to get better performance?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gfj0vm0" ], "text": [ "There are two (broad) approaches that a car manufacturer can take for a \"hybrid\" gas electric vehicle. One is where the gas engine and electric motor can both drive the wheels of the car. So, in a way, independently as you put it. The electric motor and battery in thi...
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
kbr53s
What actually happens when you “restart” a machine - does it switch off? If so how does it start itself again?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gfjl3vl" ], "text": [ "Yes, it cycles off and back on, and just like a computer. The power button isn't like a light switch, it has a circuit it connects to that's on full-time waiting for a power button signal to turn other stuff on. That same circuit can be made to handle turning off and th...
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
kbs794
How is it possible that very large cities, such as NYC or Tokyo, are able to supply fresh water to the whole city? How does the water supply not run out?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gfjt0ir", "gfkkrpm" ], "text": [ "NYC’s water comes from large reservoirs located upstate, meaning in the areas of New York State located north of NYC itself. Those reservoirs are up to 125 miles away and deliver over a billion gallons a day to the 9M+ residents of the city. Many people c...
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
kbu8xr
How does Zoom know not to send back audio that comes out of my computer’s speakers?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gfkcz75", "gfkpqih" ], "text": [ "Zoom knows which sounds (aka voices) it sends to you. When it sends your voice back to your chat partner, it adds sound waves that directly oppose the sound waves of those first voices. That cancels them.", "This is called [echo cancelation]( URL_0 )....
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
kbucnb
How does SEO spam work? Here's an example: r/goosofa
URL_1 URL_0 How does this spammer benefit by creating a subreddit and loading it up with links to his spam site? Search Engine Optimization - So by flooding his sub with links to his spam site, I may come across it somehow when I use google to search for something? I want to see this in action. Show me how searching fo...
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gfkhu66" ], "text": [ "In theory, Google sees that Reddit is linking to that website a lot and assumes it must be a really useful website (like Wikipedia or YouTube). Sure, they could make their *own* website and spam links on their own website, but Google wouldn't count those links for very ...
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
kbuwjf
How do space heaters start pumping out warm air right away but car heaters take some time to warm up?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gfkjrmc", "gfkjdsn" ], "text": [ "Space heaters typically use electricity running through a heating element (basically a resistor) to create heat. When the power is switched on they immediately start heating up and reach temperature within moments. Automobiles use the waste heat from thei...
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
kbwglf
How do the non-removable security tags on supermarket products work?
How do the small security tags (usually stuck on with adhesive) work on things in supermarkets, like meats, dvds etc? They don't get removed after purchase, so how come that individual item doesn't set of the alarms even though the tag is still on it?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gfkzzce", "gfl0iyo", "gfl383t" ], "text": [ "Stickers and such need to be deactivated at the register. You probably don't even notice it, but your cashier runs it across a pad or other such scanner and it deactivates. If it hasn't been deactivated, it'll set off the alarm.", "At c...
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
kc5bjx
911 is the emergency line for the whole US, how is it that when you call you’re not calling one centralized place?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gfnggfb", "gfnmknn" ], "text": [ "What actually happens is that when you call your local phone provider (land line or cell phone) routes you to the closest emergency call center. Think of it like a shortcut. In the cell phone network this is more complex but happens by figuring out which ...
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
kc7hpj
How do professionals in fields that change quickly over time (health, technology, etc.) stay certified?
Say you have a medical doctor, or someone who studied computer science (or another field based in science) who graduated with their degree in, say, 1980, and are still working today. Is there any sort of retesting or recertification as new information emerges? Our understanding of STEM, health, and many other fields ar...
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gfo3xne", "gfo8shb", "gfocqr0" ], "text": [ "continued educations. a lot of fields will pay for you to take classes and courses to keep up with the evolution of science/tech", "My field has continuing education requirements . X number of hours ever 3 years or you lose your license...
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
kcb8qp
How can we always drive ‘first person’ in reality, but it’s easier in ‘third person’ in video games?
Most video games that involve driving are, by default, in ‘third person’ and this makes it easier to drive vehicles. This seems counterintuitive since we only ever drive in first person. I’ve tried first-person in games like *Need for Speed* and *GTA* but it’s difficult.
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gfp4jr3", "gfp9r6b", "gfp6c4h", "gfp4ne1" ], "text": [ "In videogames you can't feel either the weight or acceleration of the car, and wilst you can adjust the audio to be surround and the fov to be more in line with our own it will still be off since it's a screen. Basically it c...
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
kcezt5
What makes one companies AA batteries better than another’s? Ex. Energizer vs Duracell
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gfq1w5e", "gfqbn5s", "gfr284x", "gfracnk", "gfrr6aq" ], "text": [ "I’m no expert, but my understanding is that there are several elements that go into a battery, like graphite and magnesium and zinc. The level of refining and purity of those elements affects the capacity of th...
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
kck7xg
why do video games usually have players and objects fall at a set speed instead of increasing in velocity over time like Portal and Portal 2? It would make a lack of air control and high fall damage seem a lot more fair.
You wouldn't even necessarily need to accurately simulate 9.8m/s^2. You could just switch between different preset falling speeds with every half second of hang time. You could even simulate this only on heavy objects and actors, or just the player character alone.
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gfr1a0y", "gfqzvdp" ], "text": [ "Games generally do have players and objects accelerate as they fall, but they might reach terminal velocity sooner than what is realistic. I don't see how changing that would make a game better.", "It just depends on the engine used. Example: Source d...
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
kcm33x
Why aren't widescreen TVs made with a 1.85:1 ratio?
1.85:1, one of the original standard widescreen cinema ratios, predates the 16:9 (~1.78:1) ratio that is the current standard for TVs. You'd think 1.85 would serve the same purpose just as well as 1.78 because they're nearly identical, so why was 16:9 even developed and chosen as the new standard TV ratio over 1.85? Ed...
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gfrc7kd", "gfrc58y" ], "text": [ "It's a compromise. Lying between 4:3 of TV and the wide picture cinema format. It's easier to display both as 16:9 with minimal loss of picture.", "Actually it’s the only ratio that fit into all other ratios making it super easy to cut content to fit....
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
kcqabh
How do people perform tasks inside an MRI machine like read books or play saxophone or listen to music? Aren't they very small?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gfs41mt" ], "text": [ "Mri machines are usually pretty small yes. But that doesn't mean they can't be wider physically, just that making them wider makes an already expensive machine more expensive. And they can be made more like a ring instead of a tube of you don't mind some loss in image q...
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
kcrx12
Why were telephone/headphones cords spiraled back in the days, but they're straight now?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gfscmpo", "gfsc8rk" ], "text": [ "It used to be that phones were connected to a landline and therefore screwed into the wall, or at lest could not be moved far. So in order to allow people to walk around with the headset without tangling it the phones would have spiraled cords that would ...
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
kct0gs
is it more secure to use a passphrase over a password
I use a lot of passphrases for my passwords, their easier to remember and apparently as secure as a password, but I was wondering if the XKCD comic is still right, considering recent advances in processing power. I’ve seen lots of questions asked like this but they are all confusing.
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gfsin2s" ], "text": [ "It essentially boils down to the longer your password is, the safer. Brute force methods attempt to guess your password by trying each possible character at each position. For example, if your password is 3 characters long and only contains letters, a brute force algori...
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
kcur9m
why do game or website servers have to go down for maintenance? What’s being done during these times and why does it require them going offline?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gfsqy7r", "gfstkks", "gfsqzn2", "gfsyxe4" ], "text": [ "Seen many car mechanics fixing a car that is currently running?", "Imagine that when you were posting this, Reddit decided to update their site and replace the post button and functionality behind it. When you clicked the...
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
kcwl7t
Youtube Outage
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gfszz2k", "gft0c71" ], "text": [ "It seems to be that youtube itself isn't down, just the entire Google login system is. Since you are signed in on your normal browser, then this causes an error there, but you aren't logged into incognito, which allows youtube to work.", "This could b...
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
kcz414
How do game developers carry out patches and updates to video games on each consumer's console/PC?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gftebbr", "gfteudr" ], "text": [ "The game/client is programmed to connect to a central server, usually when you start the system or game up, and check to make sure the version ID is the same. If it's not, it initiates a download from there. The update package itself is pretty big, but it...
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
kczvyw
- How does a dishwasher save more water by being on for hours compared to hand washing dishes?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gftiui8", "gftjldw", "gfuhi42", "gftjown" ], "text": [ "It sprays the dishes with water for a minute or two and doesn't drain it. It then recycles that water to continue spraying the dishes over and over. It then uses fresh water to rinse them off. When people wash dishes by hand ...
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
kd8yuy
I replaced 50w halogen light bulbs with 7w LED. Whenever my oil boiler ignites, the LEDS dim A LOT for a second, a lot more than the halogens did. It really doesn't bother me, butwhy does a bulb that draws less watts dim more than one that draws more, with a sudden current draw?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gfv2w23", "gfv31c3", "gfv2s5h" ], "text": [ "LEDs are very voltage sensitive, and it’s really non-linear. When your boiler starts up there’s a big current draw (either the igniter or the fan, probably), the voltage drops, and your LEDs fall way off their peak emission voltage. And the...
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
kdaakv
How are animation movies (Pixar, etc.) made?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gfvaeqz", "gfvhfh7" ], "text": [ "The old style of animated movies was to hand paint the backgrounds, and overlay the characters on semi-transparent sheets. That would allow them to use the same background for many frames, and only have to change the characters. Toy Story (which came out ...
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
kdcr4e
What exactly is overclocking in PC's?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gfvq2bv" ], "text": [ "Your CPU has a tiny clock built into it. It sends the instruction, electricity, and whatever into the circuits. Then uses the clock to waits a bit for everything to finish, then a little longer for it to cool off, before starting a new thing. Overclocking tells the CPU ...
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
kdkpds
If location determines the IP address, can users that are connected to the same network have the same IP address?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gfwyb0y", "gfwz730", "gfwyaci", "gfwymgx" ], "text": [ "Can users share the same up address? Yes and no. Each device needs its own local IP address. However there are local IP addresses on the inside of the network, and external (public) IP addresses which is what the outside worl...
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
kdkum2
Why do current websites' HTML code looks so confusing even though the page itself looks minimalistic?
Hi. Lately i have been inspect elementing websites to see how they are built, so i can learn more about how things are organized. Alot of times i see websites have alot of confusing divs and class names. Is this done in purpose so people don't steal from the page? How do you even do that?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gfwyz2p", "gfx6e2r", "gfwzcl1", "gfwzf01", "gfwyymo" ], "text": [ "Two things here. First off, frameworks like Angular or Meteor \"transpile\" the code one writes into that weird and confusing HTML you're seeing. Other than that, there are minifiers/uglifiers, that try to eith...
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
kdps0s
Why can't every file be compressed to a simple mathmatic formula?
I know files in full binary format are massive, but couldn't it be expressed as a simple math problem? like, I dunno 10\^728+111 or something? I am not a programmer nor do I really know a lot about file compression, but it would make sense to me if this could be done we could compress massive files to incredibly small ...
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gfxu7m5", "gfxud58", "gfyn8cb" ], "text": [ "In theory, it can. In some obscure cases, the formula might end up being as big or bigger than the original file and you wouldn't have achieved anything practical, but in theory you can. The problem is finding the formula...you know the ans...
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
kdqa4o
Why are dodgy websites rigged to redirect you to arbitrary webpages depending on where you click? Are they just ads? Do the number of clicks benefit the website or its revenue somehow?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gfy48mo" ], "text": [ "So it depends. For legitimate ads then yes the website can be paid per click, so the more people it gets to click on the ads the more revenue it potentially makes. For non legitimate sites or dodgy sites they could be sending you even more dodgy websites where malware o...
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
kdvl05
What makes one hack/security breach "so sophisticated it could only have been a foreign government" vs one that isn't?
I'm not a programmer or anything, but it seems like this would be a difficult thing to determine.
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gfyvx5b", "gfyuu9y" ], "text": [ "Hacking can take a lot of recourses. Custom software, reconnaissance on targets, sophisticated knowledge of very specific computer environments. Expensive password cracking rigs. Day 0 exploits if we are getting really fancy. It gets to a point where the ...
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
kdvsz8
How’s the method in which a game like GTA V with its Online and constant updates or Tesla’s software with its updates is developed and shipped called? Is this something like iterative or incremental development?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gfyw3s3" ], "text": [ "There's a bunch of terms for the same basic idea. Incremental development is a good general term. \"Spiral development\" or \"spiral deployment\" is commonly used in defense contexts. \"Agile development\" is often used in a software context (or \"SAFe\" in some industr...
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
kdxp9y
How do video game companies continuously fail to properly distribute their new console every time a new one launches?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gfz8bw2", "gfz8m8w", "gfz8g67" ], "text": [ "Because it's expensive to contract/build manufacturing capacity to immediately meet the initial surge of demand. Imagine building 20 factories to just make PS5s, then start closing them one per month over the next year because you've alread...
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
ke01w7
How do front speakers emulate surround sound?
I have a 2 speaker + 1 subwoofer setup for my computer and it's really good. I can hear enemies coming at almost any direction, even behind me when I'm playing games. How do my two speakers in front of me make sounds that sound like they're coming from behind me? Is it some sort of auditory illusion?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gfzvy6i", "gfzvk0k" ], "text": [ "There is something called binaural audio (HRTF filtering) that creates auditory illusions by recreating the effect that the shape of your ears have on audio behind you etc to mimic uncanny localized sounds (there is a really good barbershop sound demo out...
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
ke217r
Why do TV screens and monitors look better than what I see in person? It's as if they're "clearer" than my vision.
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gg02bng", "gg02cas" ], "text": [ "TV screens are lit. You may be losing low light vision. Many things can cause this like glaucoma, cataracts, shedding from UV damage.", "There are probably more than a few factors at play, to a greater or lesser degree, and all mixed together: 1 - Whe...
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
ke4qns
How is Siri able to red out any word?
Does the person narrating Siri sit and read/record every word in the dictionary? What's the logistic behind this? edit: ahhh wish we can edit titles, i meant read\* not red!
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gg0g8us", "gg0ic64" ], "text": [ "No they mostly record the very commonly used words, and then add syllables to construct longer more rare words and names.", "Well there are a limited number of sounds in the english language so instead of recording every word they just had her record ...
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
ke5btx
What is Github?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gg0i55q", "gg0isr9" ], "text": [ "You basically got it. It's a community for people to produce code and leave reviews and receive advice from people who use it.", "Github is an online place which handles *version control* of code. Version control means you can manage files, check diff...
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
ke5fik
In a time where manufacturing took way more time than it does now, why were antiques so opulent and detailed?
Simple things like scissors made to look like a bird’s beak, embroidered everything, scrolling details on metal spoons and clawed feet on furniture... tiny buttons, fancy thimbles! Why so many details for every little thing? Might be a silly question, sorry.
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gg0jgp9", "gg0j6ie", "gg0j0ft", "gg0m4aa", "gg0o3w3", "gg0j2fl" ], "text": [ "I imagine there were more cheap or plain items than fancy ones made, they just weren't held on to. Only the fancy ones were seen as worth preserving as antiques.", "Because that kind of objec...
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
ke6mte
I've read that a newer CPUs can be much faster than an older CPU even if both have the same amount of cores and the same clock speed. It says that newer CPUs can do certain tasks faster. How is that possible with the same architecture?
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gg0pvcq" ], "text": [ "There are multiple things that can affect the performance of a CPU: **Number of cycles per instruction** - A CPU executes instructions at a low level. There are for example instructions to add two numbers, or to multiply them. Where an old CPU might for example take two...
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
ke705c
How do they sort the garbage at the dump?
Every garbage day, I try to separate my recyclables (cardboard boxes, paper, packaging etc) and plastics from general waste like kitchen and food trash, but people tell me it’s useless because “they do that at the dump.” What is the actual process of sorting out different kinds of waste? And how to they separate them f...
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gg0qnez" ], "text": [ "My dad retired from a major city's refuse union...sad to say that many if not most \"recyclables\" end up in the incinerator or landfill. Recycling is bullshit. It's way past time for policy makers to demand a better alternative to plastic packaging but they won't becau...
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]
ke8jfq
NASA has a telescope that can see the creation of stars and planets billions of years ago, how? Link is in description
Technology
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "gg0yewf", "gg13mkc" ], "text": [ "Light takes a very long time to reach us from very far away in deep space. The events that this telescope will show us will have happened billions of years ago but the light to let us see them is only just getting here because they happened billions of li...
[ "url" ]
[ "url" ]