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2.2. Diet, Physical Activity and Weight Data Collection
Both the postnatal diet and PA data collection and coding replicated the methods used during the pregnancy phase of the study, which have been published [PA data were collected using the 32-item validated Pregnancy PA Questionnaire (PPAQ), including questions about the type and duration of activity in the previous week...
PMC10490453
2.3. Data Analysis
obesity
OBESITY
Not all participants completed each follow-up questionnaire. Therefore, cross-sectional analysis was undertaken at each postnatal time point. As these are pilot data, descriptive analysis was carried out on women’s diet, PA, and weight change data at 3-, 6-, 9- and 12-months postnatal to explore patterns. Comparison of...
PMC10490453
3. Results
PMC10490453
3.1. Participants Characteristics
In total, 39 women who returned pregnancy questionnaires also returned postnatal questionnaires at one or more time points (38%) between March 2018 and June 2019. At 3-, 6-, 9- and 12-months postnatal, the socio-demographic, diet and PA data were available for 24 (23.1%), 22 (21.2%), 12 (11.5%) and 20 (19.2%) women, re...
PMC10490453
3.2. Dietary Behaviours
Across the postnatal time points, the median milk intake was 142 mL/day, spread ranged from 5–10 g/day, and cheese 4–12 g/day (
PMC10490453
3.3. Physical Activity Behaviours
Reported levels of PA showed a pattern towards higher median EE with each postnatal time point, from 213.4 MET-hr/week at 3-months postnatal to 300.7 MET-h/week at 12-months (
PMC10490453
3.4. Postnatal Weight Change
3rd-trimester, weight loss
All women in this study had their weight recorded at their booking appointment, and at least one postnatal weight was available for 35 women. The last recorded postnatal weight for 21 women (60%) was lower than their booking weight. When looking at weight change, the median values across all time points showed weight l...
PMC10490453
4. Discussion
obesity, 3rd-trimester, weight loss
OBESITY, SECONDARY
This secondary analysis has provided novel data on postnatal diet, PA, and weight change among a highly deprived population of women living with obesity in the UK. This population had a suboptimal dietary intake, particularly regarding fruit and vegetables, unrefined breakfast cereals, fish, and oily fish, which did no...
PMC10490453
Strengths and Limitations
obesity
OBESITY, SECONDARY
This is one of the first studies to explore the postnatal dietary and PA behaviours of women living with obesity in an area of high deprivation in the UK. Extensive data were collected as part of the GLOWING pilot trial, providing a rich dataset for analysis. However, this study was a secondary data analysis with a sma...
PMC10490453
5. Conclusions
obesity, weight loss
OBESITY
The postnatal period is important for the mother’s long-term health, as well as preconception health for those who have subsequent pregnancies. This descriptive study suggests that, among a highly deprived population of women living with obesity in the UK, postnatal diet and PA behaviours are inadequate and do not meet...
PMC10490453
Supplementary Materials
The following supporting information can be downloaded at: Click here for additional data file.
PMC10490453
Author Contributions
N.H.
Conceptualization, N.H., E.M., J.R., F.F.S. and C.M.; methodology, N.H., E.M., J.R., A.C.F., L.S., C.B., E.C. and F.F.S.; validation, N.H., E.C., L.S., C.B. and C.M.; formal analysis, N.H., E.C., C.M., C.B., L.S. and A.C.F.; investigation, N.H. and C.M.; data curation, N.H., C.M., E.M., J.R. and F.F.S.; writing—origina...
PMC10490453
Institutional Review Board Statement
This study was conducted according to the guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the Proportionate Review Sub-committee of the Yorkshire and The Humber—South Yorkshire Research Ethics Committee (ref: 15/YH/0565, 16 December 2015).
PMC10490453
Informed Consent Statement
Informed written consent was obtained from all participants involved in this study.
PMC10490453
Data Availability Statement
The data presented in this study are available on request from the corresponding author. The data are not publicly available due to ethical approval restrictions, and any further data sharing will be subject to necessary approvals.
PMC10490453
Conflicts of Interest
The authors declare no conflict of interest. The funders had no role in the study’s design, in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data, in the writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to publish the results.
PMC10490453
Background
PERIODONTITIS, INFLAMMATORY DISORDER
During the last decades, in patients with periodontitis, periodontal treatment has been shown to reduce the potential release of local and systemic biomarkers linked to an early risk of systemic inflammatory disorders. This study evaluated the efficacy of non-surgical-periodontal treatment (NSPT) on growth differentiat...
PMC10440880
Methods
periodontitis
PERIODONTITIS
For this two-arm, parallel randomized clinical trial, patients with periodontitis were randomly allocated to receive quadrant scaling and root-planing (Q-SRP, n = 23, median age 51 years old) or full-mouth disinfection (FMD, n = 23, median age 50 years old) treatment. Clinical and periodontal parameters were recorded i...
PMC10440880
Results
In comparison with FMD, patients of the Q-SRP group showed a significant improvement in clinical periodontal parameters (p < 0.05) and a reduction in the mean levels of GDF-15 (p = 0.005), hs-CRP (p < 0.001), and SP-D (p = 0.042) and an increase of GPx-1 (p = 0.025) concentrations after 6 months of treatment. At 6 mont...
PMC10440880
Conclusion
The results evidenced that, after 6 months of treatment, both NSPT protocols improved the periodontal parameters and analyzed biomarkers, but Q-SRP was more efficacious than the FMD approach. Moreover, patients who presented high baseline GDF-15 and SP-D levels benefited more from NSPT at 6-month follow-up.
PMC10440880
Trial registration
NCT05720481.
PMC10440880
Supplementary Information
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12903-023-03237-y.
PMC10440880
Keywords
PMC10440880
Introduction
periodontitis, CVD, tooth loss, Periodontitis, heart failure
ENDOTHELIAL DYSFUNCTION, CVD, PERIODONTITIS, PERIODONTITIS, HEART FAILURE, INFLAMMATORY DISEASE, INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE
Periodontitis is a chronic, multifactorial, inflammatory disease caused by infectious biofilm that, if not prevented and treated appropriately, might destroy the tooth-supporting tissues and cause tooth loss [Recently some cohort clinical trials have shown that the growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15), a biomarker...
PMC10440880
Materials and methods
PMC10440880
Study design and sample
periodontitis, bleeding, PD, tooth
PERIODONTITIS, BLEEDING, ALVEOLAR BONE LOSS, PLAQUE
The present RCT was performed according to the 2016 Helsinki Declaration on medical research. The ethical approval was obtained from the International Review Board of the University of Catania, Catania, Italy (22–149 PO). All participants signed the research informed consent; the study was retrospectively registered on...
PMC10440880
Sample size and reliability analysis
The power sample analysis, calculated using statistical software (G* POWER, Universität Düsseldorf, Germany), was obtained by setting up serum GDF-15 as a primary outcome variable [An inter-examiner reliability test among examiners (S.S., A.L.G.) was performed using Cohen’s kappa coefficient and showed an agreement of ...
PMC10440880
Randomization
Through a permuted block design, the randomization was performed by a single clinician, not involved in the subsequent trial stages, which generated a random assignment of a treatment using a sequence 1:1 ratio by a computer random-number generator.Each patient was allocated to receive Q-SRP or FMD. The allocation was ...
PMC10440880
Study outcomes
SECONDARY
The primary outcome was the analysis of serum GDF-15 expression changes between groups after 6 months following NSPT protocols. Furthermore, the impact of NSPT on GPx-1, hs-CRP, and SP-D concentration changes was analysed after 6 months of treatment. The secondary objective was to examine the influence and interaction ...
PMC10440880
Treatment
Shortly after the baseline assessments, each enrolled patient received oral hygiene instructions. Patients allocated to the FMD group received a full mouth SRP in one side of the mouth for each session, within 24 h in two separate sessions, on two consecutive days with the adjunctive use of local antiseptic in accordan...
PMC10440880
Sampling
At baseline and at 3- and 6 months after NSPT, blood samples from each patient were taken between 8:00 and 10:00 a.m., before any periodontal examination. Following sampling, serum samples were centrifuged at 4 °C (1000x g for 2 min) and stored. The serum GDF-15, GPx-1, and SP-D concentration levels were obtained using...
PMC10440880
Statistical analysis
SECONDARY
Numerical data were expressed by mean ± standard deviation (SD), while categorical variables were reported as numbers and percentages. Because most of the analyzed variables were not normally distributed, as verified by the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, a non-parametric approach was applied. The Mann-Whitney test was used f...
PMC10440880
Results
PMC10440880
Primary outcome
Bleeding, PD
BLEEDING, PLAQUE
In comparison with the FMD group, at 6 months after therapy, the Q-SRP group showed a significant reduction of the GDF-15 levels (p = 0.012) (Table  Differences among GDF-15, GPx-1, hs-CRP and SP-D at baseline and at each follow-up session. Results are expressed as mean and SD (standard deviation). a, significance betw...
PMC10440880
Secondary outcome
INTERACTION
The estimation of models aimed to determine the impact of Q-SRP and timing of treatment on GDF-15, GPx-1, hs-CRP, and SP-D concentration changes at 6 months using a two-way ANOVA test revealed that Q-SRP had a significant effect on the reduction of serum GDF-15 (p = 0.015), GPx-1 (p = 0.045), and SP-D (p = 0.045) toget...
PMC10440880
Discussion
periodontitis, infection, CVD
SYSTEMIC DISEASE, CVD, PERIODONTITIS, CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE, INFECTION, PERIODONTAL INFLAMMATION, INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE
In the last decade, an increasing amount of evidence has found that the chronic inflammatory stimulus linked to its pathogenic biofilm load is the real factor that directly connects periodontitis to many systemic diseases. Due to these factors, periodontal treatment, through its various approaches, has been shown to be...
PMC10440880
Acknowledgements
The authors acknowledge the staff of the Unit of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, of the University of Catania for their support.
PMC10440880
Authors’ contributions
G.I. conceived the research, planned and performed the experimental procedures and wrote the manuscript. G.M.T., A.L.G. and S.S. performed the procedures. A.C. and A.M. validated the experimental results and revised the manuscript. All authors reviewed the manuscript.
PMC10440880
Funding
The present research was funded by funds of the University of Catania, Italy, Grant
PMC10440880
Data Availability
Data are available from corresponding authors upon reasonable request.
PMC10440880
Declarations
PMC10440880
Ethics approval and consent to participate
International Review Board of the University of Catania approved the study protocol (22–149 PO). All patients signed an appropriate written informed consent for the study participation. The present RCT was performed according to CONSORT criteria and the 2016 Helsinki Declaration on medical research.
PMC10440880
Consent for publication
Not Applicable.
PMC10440880
Competing interests
The authors declare that they have no conflict or competing interests in the present study.
PMC10440880
References
PMC10440880
1. Introduction
T1DM, fatigue, LCD, Diabetes, diabetes
DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS, TYPE 1 DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 1 DIABETES MELLITUS, HYPOGLYCEMIA, GLYCOGEN DEPLETION, GROWTH DELAY, DYSLIPIDEMIA, DIABETES, DIABETES
Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the macronutrient and micronutrient intake and status in youth with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) following the consumption of a low-carbohydrate diet (LCD). Research Methods and Procedures: In a prospective intervention clinical trial, adolescents with T1DM using a co...
PMC10051868
2. Materials and Methods
PMC10051868
2.1. Participants and Study Design
T1DM, Diabetes
DIABETES
This report documents a prospective intervention clinical trial conducted in the Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes Unit at the Sheba Medical Center. Eligibility criteria were a diagnosis of T1DM according to the American Diabetes Association criteria [
PMC10051868
2.2. Diet Intervention
At baseline, each participant underwent a cooking workshop and received a personalized diet regime based on the LCD. For participants younger than 18 years, nutrition education was provided to both the participants and their parents. Participants met individually with a dietitian for diet instructions and support at we...
PMC10051868
2.3. Low-Carbohydrate Diet
The LCD aimed to provide 50–80 g/day of carbohydrates. There was no caloric restriction, but each patient received a weekly plan with main meals and snacks. The planned macronutrient composition of the diet (percentage of total calories) was: 20% carbohydrate, 25% protein, and 55% fat. All the dietary details were stat...
PMC10051868
2.4. Assessment of Nutritional Composition
The habitual food consumption of the participants was evaluated using the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ), which was taken at baseline and after six months of intervention. The FFQ included 116 food items commonly eaten in Israel, standard portion sizes, and a frequency response section. It is based on a validated F...
PMC10051868
2.5. Medical History and Anthropometric Measurements
diabetes
DIABETES
Age of diabetes onset, diabetes duration, and other medical diagnoses data were retrieved from medical records. Height, weight, and waist circumference were measured at each visit according to standardized protocol by trained and certified staff. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated as weight (kg)/height squared (m
PMC10051868
2.6. Biochemical Parameters
diabetic ketoacidosis
DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS, BLOOD
Blood samples including HbA1c, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and HDL cholesterol were collected under metabolic stability conditions. The latter were defined as no episode of diabetic ketoacidosis within 1 month before the visit and after ≥12 h of fasting. Laboratory results of serum C-reactive protein (CRP), blo...
PMC10051868
2.7. Trial Outcomes
Our primary endpoint was nutritional vitamins and mineral status after 24 weeks of an LCD. Secondary outcomes were body weight and waist circumference at this time point.
PMC10051868
2.8. Statistical Analysis
Categorical variables were described using frequencies and percentages. Continuous variables were expressed as medians and interquartile ranges (IQR, 25th; 75th percentiles). The Wilcoxon test was used to compare continuous variables before and after the 6-month period. Spearman’s correlation coefficient test was used ...
PMC10051868
3. Results
PMC10051868
3.1. Study Group Characteristics
obesity, T1DM, diabetes
OBESITY, DIABETES
Twenty adolescents with T1DM (14 females) were enrolled in the study at median (IQR) age of 17 years (15; 19). The median diabetes duration was 10 years (8; 12). Eighteen participants were treated with an insulin pump and two were treated with multiple daily injections. The median BMI z-score was 1.3 (0.65; 1.50); nine...
PMC10051868
3.2. FQQ
The median baseline percent from calories of carbohydrates was 44% (37; 47); from protein, 18% (16.5; 20); and from fat, 35% (30; 37). Baseline median percentages of micronutrients were calculated according to DRI values as follows: fiber 115% (97.5; 145.5), iron 101% (85; 138), magnesium 145% (118; 180), calcium 116% ...
PMC10051868
3.3. Weight Loss and Waist Circumference
The LCD was associated with significant reductions in median BMI z-scores (
PMC10051868
3.4. Blood Laboratory Measurements
The median (interquartile range) HbA1c level declined after LCD, from 8.1% (7.5; 9.4) to 7.7% (6.9; 8.2),
PMC10051868
3.5. Correlations
Delta body weight was not correlated with any of the parameters examined. The delta of calories from ultra-processed food did not correlate with any of the macronutrients or micronutrients examined.
PMC10051868
4. Discussion
T1DM, TIDM, LCD, metabolic syndrome, Nutritional deficiencies, diabetes
TRACE ELEMENT DEFICIENCY, AIDS, EVENTS, MAGNESIUM DEFICIENCY, NUTRITIONAL DEFICIENCIES, METABOLIC SYNDROME, DIABETES
In this novel study of youth with TIDM who followed LCD for six months, decreases were found in median intakes of several macronutrients and micronutrients. Median blood levels of several nutrients decreased. These changes were in parallel to an improved median HbA1c level and lower median values of CRP, BMI z-score, a...
PMC10051868
5. Conclusions
diabetes
DIABETES
Medical nutrition therapy remains a cornerstone of diabetes care [
PMC10051868
Supplementary Materials
The following supporting information can be downloaded at: Click here for additional data file.
PMC10051868
Author Contributions
Neriya
Conceptualization, N.L. (Neriya Levran), A.A., E.M.-O. and O.P.-H.; Data curation, N.L. (Neriya Levran); Formal analysis, N.L. (Neriya Levran) and O.P.-H.; Investigation, N.L. (Neriya Levran), N.L. (Noah Levek) and B.S.; Methodology, O.P.-H.; Project administration, O.P.-H.; Supervision, E.M.-O. and O.P.-H.; Writing—or...
PMC10051868
Institutional Review Board Statement
The study was conducted according to the guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the Ethical Committee of Sheba Medical Centre (protocol number SMC-5537-18). Informed consent was obtained from obtained from all subjects involved in the study.
PMC10051868
Informed Consent Statement
Informed consent was obtained from all subjects involved in the study.
PMC10051868
Data Availability Statement
The data and the questioners are all in Hebrew and could be sent by a personal request.
PMC10051868
Conflicts of Interest
The authors declare no conflict of interest related to this work.
PMC10051868
Background
Since its beginnings in 2019, the COVID-19 pandemic is still a problem of global medical concern. Southern Vietnam is one of the country's vast regions, including 20 provinces and the densely populated metropolis Ho Chi Minh City. A randomized retrospective study was performed to investigate the epidemiology and geneti...
PMC10655423
Methods
Epidemiological data were obtained from the Department of Preventive Medicine of the Vietnamese Ministry of Health. To identify circulating variants, RNA, extracted from 126 nasopharyngeal swabs of patients with suspected COVID-19 were sequenced on Illunina MiSeq to obtain near complete genomes SARS-CoV-2.
PMC10655423
Results
Due to the effectiveness of restrictive measures in Vietnam, it was possible to keep incidence at a low level. The partial relaxation of restrictive measures, and the spread of Delta lineages, contributed to the beginning of a logarithmic increase in incidence. Lineages 20A-H circulated in Southern Vietnam during 2020....
PMC10655423
Conclusions
Pandemic dynamics in Southern Vietnam feature specific variations in incidence, and these reflect the success of the restrictive measures put in place during the early stages of the pandemic.
PMC10655423
Supplementary Information
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12879-023-08814-8.
PMC10655423
Keywords
PMC10655423
Introduction
pneumonia
VIRUS, PNEUMONIA
In late December 2019, a group of patients with pneumonia of unknown etiology was reported in Wuhan, Hubei province, China [After applying many COVID-19 control measures (shutting down Wuhan on the 23rd of January, blocking all travel to and from the city), the daily number of cases in China subsequently decreased. In ...
PMC10655423
Materials and methods
PMC10655423
Epidemiological data and study materials
All epidemiological data were obtained periodically from the Department of Preventive Medicine, Vietnamese Ministry of Health [
PMC10655423
RNA purification, Real-time PCR
Total RNA from nasopharyngeal swabs samples were obtained by extraction and purification using the QIAamp Viral RNA Extraction Kit (QIAGEN, Germany) with the QIAcube Connect automatic station (QIAGEN, Germany) according to the manufacturers recommendations. Samples were eluted and stored at -70° C until further analysi...
PMC10655423
SARS-CoV-2 genome enrichment
-20
To create NGS libraries, viral RNA was subjected to reverse transcription and subsequent PCR enrichment. Reverse transcription was performed using random hexamers with the Reverta L Kit (AmpliSens, Russia) following the manufacturer's protocol. Samples (cDNA) were stored at -20°C until amplification. To obtain a near c...
PMC10655423
Library preparation and sequencing
Library preparation was performed using the TruSeq DNA CD Indexes Kit (Illumina Inc., USA) according to the Illumina TruSeq Nano DNA Kit protocol. Sequencing was performed on a MiSeq instrument using MiSeq V3 chemistry, generating 2 × 200 bp reads.
PMC10655423
Genome assembly
The quality of the Illumina reads was assessed using the FastQC program [
PMC10655423
Availability of data
Sequences were uploaded to GISAID under the following IDs for year 2020: EPI_ISL_812922, EPI_ISL_760247, EPI_ISL_17454567, EPI_ISL_17436319, EPI_ISL_17454569, EPI_ISL_654872-EPI_ISL_654874, EPI_ISL_17433648-EPI_ISL_17433661, EPI_ISL_654866-EPI_ISL_654870, EPI_ISL_654886-EPI_ISL_654889, and EPI_ISL_654875-EPI_ISL_654884...
PMC10655423
Variant annotation and phylogenetic tree reconstruction
Variant calling files (.vcf) were processed for the effect of SNP variation with the SnpEff tool (
PMC10655423
Results
PMC10655423
Epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 in Southern Vietnam, 2020–2021
MAY, VIRUS
The first COVID-19 cases were confirmed in Southern Vietnam on January 23, 2020, when two Chinese individuals arrived in Ho Chi Minh City and tested positive for the virus [COVID-19 incidence rate in Southern Vietnamese regions in 2020. Due to restrictions on movement and border crossing under strict quarantine, the in...
PMC10655423
Mutations in the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein gene in samples from Vietnam
MINOR
Of 126 genomes that underwent sequencing, 55 S gene sequence variants (SGSV) were identified based on SNP pattern. SGSV-1 was identical to the Wuhan-Hu-1/2019 (MN908947) reference strain without any SNPs or indels. The remaining 54 SGSVs had at least one SNP compared to the reference (Figs. Four different SGSVs were i...
PMC10655423
Discussion
sudden increase
EVENTS, EVENT, SAID
COVID-19 continues to be a pressing public health problem. Different countries have had varying levels of success in combating the COVID-19 pandemic, with some countries among the most successful in the world at containing the pandemic and others in serious jeopardy. In the East Asia and Pacific regions, the most succe...
PMC10655423
Conclusion
Pandemic dynamics in Southern Vietnam feature specific variations in incidence, and these largely reflect the success of the substantial, ongoing restrictive measures put in place during the early stages of the pandemic. Tracking of circulating lineages revealed major variants from the list of variants-of-concern, incl...
PMC10655423
Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank: Pham Thi Thu Hang, Vu Pham Hong Nhung, Nguyen Viet Thinh and Luong Chan Quang for their technical and epidemiological data assistance; and the US CDC for reagent support.
PMC10655423
Authors’ contributions
Conceptualization: ASG, TMC, VGD; investigation and methodology: ASG, TMC, EOK, MHD, AAS, VDM, MRP, TVA, VAS, NAT; formal analysis: ASG, TMC, EOK, MHD, AAS, VDM; resources: TMC, VGD; supervision: TMC, VGD; writing – original draft, ASG, TMC, EOK; writing – review & editing, ER. All authors have read and agreed to the f...
PMC10655423
Funding
The study was funded within the framework of Russian-Vietnamese cooperation in accordance with the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of July 13, 2019 (No. 1536-r).
PMC10655423
Availability of data and materials
Genomic consensus sequences obtained in this study are deposited in GISAID (
PMC10655423
Declarations
PMC10655423
Ethics approval and consent to participate
The study was evaluated and approved by the local Ethics Committee of the St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute (St. Petersburg, Russia, № 063–03) and the Ethics Committee of the Pasteur Institute in Ho Chi Minh City (17/CN-HDDD). Research was performed according to the principles of Declaration of Helsinki for medical rese...
PMC10655423
Consent for publication
Not applicable.
PMC10655423
Competing interests
The authors declare no competing interests.
PMC10655423
References
PMC10655423
Background
fistula, gastro-cutaneous fistulae
COMPLICATION
Gastro-cutaneous fistula is a rare complication after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) with incidence of occurrence 1–2%. Most of gastro-cutaneous fistulae do not respond to conservative management and need intervention either surgically or endoscopically.
PMC10017559
Methods
fistula, post-LSG leak or gastro-cutaneous fistula
SECONDARY, RECURRENCE
This prospective randomized clinical study included referred patients who had LSG performed at our department or other centers, and complicated with post-LSG leak or gastro-cutaneous fistula between December/2019 and March/2021. Included patients were ASA Physical status I–II. Primary and secondary outcomes were recurr...
PMC10017559