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Adverse events and safety
hyperkalemia
The changes in the mean arterial pressure from baseline to week 24 were 1.67 ± 17.13 mmHg in the roxadustat group and 3.82 ± 11.68 mmHg in the ESA group (difference, − 2.14 mmHg; 95% CI, − 8.45 to 4.16). Although no difference was found in the proportion of patients who did not achieve the control goal (roxadustat, 64....
PMC10629011
Discussion
CKD, cancer, acidosis, anemia, PD, Inflammation, hyperkalemia, peritonitis, metabolic acidosis
CANCER, ACIDOSIS, ANEMIA, IRON DEFICIENCY, INFLAMMATION, PERITONITIS, METABOLIC ACIDOSIS, CHRONIC INFLAMMATION
In this 24-week clinical study of PD patients, roxadustat significantly reduced the rise of sTFR and reduced the occurrence of functional iron deficiency by lowering hepcidin levels, although there was no significant difference in the incidence of absolute iron deficiency between the two groups. In addition, roxadustat...
PMC10629011
Conclusion
metabolic acidosis, PD, hyperkalemia, peritonitis
METABOLIC ACIDOSIS, PERITONITIS
In conclusion, this 24-week prospective cohort study comparing the efficacy of roxadustat and ESAs in PD patients showed the benefit of roxadustat in improving iron metabolism. In addition to its inhibitory effect on hepcidin, roxadustat also induces the expression of molecules required for iron circulation. Thus, the ...
PMC10629011
Acknowledgements
We would like to extend our sincere gratitude to The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University for providing us with a conducive and comfortable platform during our study. We also deeply appreciate our dear colleagues for their reliable, tireless support and assistance.
PMC10629011
Author contributions
Conception and design were by XZ, RJ, ZZ and LJ; all authors provided critical intellectual content, contributing to the analysis and interpretation of data and drafting of the manuscript, AR participated in grammar modification, and DS did the overall design, provided the funds and critically revised the important int...
PMC10629011
Funding
This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (82270731, 82000703); the Jiangsu Provincial Natural Science Foundation (BK20211054); a project of Qing Lan of Jiangsu Province; a project of Jiangsu Provincial Post Graduate Innovation Plan (KYCX21_2701, KYCX22_2903); Science and technology d...
PMC10629011
Availability of data and materials
The data that support the findings of this study are available on request from the corresponding author.
PMC10629011
Declarations
PMC10629011
Ethics approval and consent to participate
This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University (XYFY-KL39-01). All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and national research committee. All the enrolled patients signed an...
PMC10629011
Consent for publication
Not applicable.
PMC10629011
Competing interests
None declared.
PMC10629011
References
PMC10629011
Abstract
SIT, overweight/ obesity, 75‐gram glucose, ±
There is evidence supporting that acute sprint interval training (SIT) might improve metabolic responses to postprandial glucose, but results are inconclusive. The aim of the present study was to explore the effects of acute SIT on metabolic response and substrate utilization in individuals with overweight/obesity afte...
PMC9875746
INTRODUCTION
obesity, Metabolic disorders, impaired fasting glucose, CVD, abdominal obesity, T2DM
OBESITY, METABOLIC DISORDERS, CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE, HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE, CVD, CHRONIC DISEASES, INSULIN RESISTANCE, TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS
Metabolic disorders are typically characterized by a constellation of clinical features including abdominal obesity, insulin resistance and/or impaired fasting glucose, and high blood pressure, which are known to increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) (Ford, Acc...
PMC9875746
MATERIALS AND METHODS
PMC9875746
Participants
±, overweight or obesity
Thirty‐three participants with overweight or obesity (mean and standard deviation age 32.7 ± 8.3 years; 24 males, 9 females; body mass index 28.6 ± 4.4 kg/mParticipant s' characteristics and fasting measurements (
PMC9875746
Study design and setting
HEART
The participants performed two different trials in random order and separated by at least 5 days for the following purposes: (1) anthropometric and body composition measurements and completed in random order, no exercise (control, resting group) or (2) SIT performed on a cycle ergometer (Monark 894 E, Monark, Varberg, ...
PMC9875746
Measurements
Body mass (kg) and height (m) measurements were determined using a balance scale (Seca 284™, SECA). Body mass index was calculated as weight/height
PMC9875746
Sprint interval training protocol
muscle mass, nausea, 75‐gram glucose
HEART
Participants completed in random order, 5 days apart, no exercise (control, resting group) or SIT performed on a cycle ergometer (Monark 894 E, Monark, Varberg, Sweden). After a baseline measure, 12 min (4 min for SIT and 8 min for recovery interval) of exercise was performed 90‐min after an oral 75‐gram glucose load. ...
PMC9875746
Statistical analyses
Continuous variables are expressed as mean, least squares mean, standard deviation, standard error, or (25th–75th percentile value) where applicable, categorical variables as frequency and percentage. For each set of data, normal distribution was verified by a Shapiro–Wilk test. Differences in parameters between the re...
PMC9875746
RESULTS
x‐axis
After an oral 75‐gram glucose challenge (60 min), the RQ increased from baseline and trial sequences (time effect Effect of resting or SIT protocol on metabolic outcomes during the fasting, postprandial, and exercise periods. Respiratory quotient (RQ, a), RQ total response [area under the curve (AUC)] for each group (b...
PMC9875746
DISCUSSION
obese, fatty liver diseases, SIT, high‐intensity, diabetes
OBESE, CVD, DYSLIPIDEMIA, HYPERTENSION, DIABETES
In the present study, we aimed to explore the effects of acute SIT on metabolic response and substrate utilization after an oral 75‐gram glucose load in individuals with overweight/obesity. We found that the fat contribution to energy expenditure and lactate levels significantly increased during the postprandial period...
PMC9875746
AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS
Robinson Ramírez‐Vélez
Hugo Alejandro Carrillo‐Arango, Mikel Izquierdo, and Robinson Ramírez‐Vélez conceived and designed study; Robinson Ramírez‐Vélez and Miguel Alejandro Atencio‐Osorio performed statistical analysis; Hugo Alejandro Carrillo‐Arango, Miguel Alejandro Atencio‐Osorio, and Robinson Ramírez‐Vélez experimental phase; all authors...
PMC9875746
FUNDING INFORMATION
DEL
The EXERMET study was supported by Universidad del Valle. They do not have influence or authority about collection, management, analysis, and interpretation of data; writing of the report; and the decision to submit the report for publication.
PMC9875746
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
No conflicts of interest, financial or otherwise, are declared by the authors.
PMC9875746
ETHICS STATEMENT
DEL
Participants were fully informed of the risks of the study and signed informed consent forms before any procedure. This study was approved by The Universdad del Valle Ethics Committee (ID number: 174–020 and 018–020, Cali, Colombia) and complied with the Declaration of Helsinki.
PMC9875746
REFERENCES
PMC9875746
1. Introduction
collagen-induced, obese, overweight, platelet aggregation
SECONDARY, OBESE
These authors contributed equally to this work.Tomatoes are known for their numerous health benefits, including antioxidants, anti-cancer, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anti-neurodegenerative, antiplatelet, and cardio-protective properties. However, their potential health benefits in the Mediterranean diet’s popula...
PMC10745891
2. Materials and Methods
PMC10745891
2.1. Subjects
Forty healthy adult men (
PMC10745891
2.2. Ethics Statement
The entire participant signed an informed consent and was able to withdraw from the study at any time without giving a reason. This study received approval from the Human Ethical Review Committee of Hospital Santa Creu I Sant Pau (Barcelona, Spain), with the reference number 12/181 and the date of approval being 11 Jan...
PMC10745891
2.3. Soffritto Samples
Soffritto samples were supplied by PREPARADOS ALIMENTICIOS S.A. and consisted of a cooked mix of tomato, onion, extra virgin olive oil, sugar, and salt (see details of product composition in
PMC10745891
2.4. Study Design and Dietary Monitoring
dizziness, vomiting, flushing, bloating, diarrhea
ADVERSE EFFECTS, BLOOD
The study carried out was a prospective, controlled, randomized two-arm longitudinal crossover trial [Clinical Trial: NCT06161883], performed in a single center, as indicated in After a run-in period of two weeks, the study was carried out for 14 weeks, including two sequential intervention periods (6 weeks each). In t...
PMC10745891
2.5. Outcomes
SECONDARY
The primary outcome measure was the effect of soffritto intake on vascular endothelial function and platelet activity (arachidonic acid, collagen, and adenosine diphosphate (ADP)). The secondary outcome measures were anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, lipid profile, hepatic and renal markers, and blood parame...
PMC10745891
2.5.1. Platelet Aggregation
platelet aggregation
TRANSMISSION
The study of platelet function was performed by analyzing platelet aggregation induced by different agonists: arachidonic acid (1 mM), collagen (2 and 5 µM), and ADP (5 and 20 µM) by the light transmission technique LTA (“Light Transmission Aggregometry”) in platelet-rich plasma prepared within an interval of 30 min fr...
PMC10745891
2.5.2. Flow Cytometric Analysis of Circulating Extracellular Vesicles
Three-label flow cytometry analysis was assessed as previously described by Suades et al. [Acquisition was performed at 1 min per sample at a low flow rate. Forward scatter (FSC), side scatter (SSC), and fluorescence data were acquired using settings configured on the logarithmic scale. Gate limits were established fol...
PMC10745891
2.5.3. Anthropometric Data, Blood Pressure, Lipid Profile, and Other Biochemical Measurements
hepatic and renal markers
HYPERTRIGLYCERIDEMIA
Trained personnel performed the anthropometric and clinical measurements (height, weight, waist circumference [WC], and blood pressure). Anthropometric and blood pressure measurements were determined at baseline and at the end of the treatment, before the extraction of the blood sample. BMI was obtained by dividing the...
PMC10745891
2.5.4. Vascular Endothelial Function and Hemogram Profile
REACTIVE HYPEREMIA, PAT, ARTERIAL STIFFNESS
Endothelial function and blood parameters were assessed by digital plethysmography using the EndoPAT2000 device (Itamar Medical Ltd., Caesarea, Israel). Measurements were conducted following the guidelines provided by the manufacturer, with participants in a supine position, hands positioned at the same level, in a com...
PMC10745891
2.6. Statistical Analysis
Statistical analyses were conducted using STATA 15 (College Station, TX, USA) software. The data are expressed as the mean and the standard error of the mean. The normality of the distribution was assessed using the Shapiro–Wilk test. To assess statistical baseline differences between groups, a paired Student’s
PMC10745891
3. Results
ADVERSE EFFECTS
The prospective, two-arm longitudinal crossover design, including enrollment, the randomization scheme, and final sample distributions by treatment group, are presented in the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) diagram (The study was carried out in a group of 40 individuals (13 women and 27 men) with ...
PMC10745891
3.1. Platelet Function
collagen-induced, platelet aggregation
As for platelet activity, the comparison between changes (effect of intervention—baseline) observed in the soffritto and control groups is presented in Given the significant decrease in collagen-induced platelet aggregation, the differences between baseline and final levels were analyzed; however, no statistically sign...
PMC10745891
3.2. Endothelial Function
ADHESION
Regarding endothelial function (RHI, lnRHI, FRHI, and AI@75), the analysis of baseline characteristics indicated that both intervention groups presented a similar endothelial function (The analysis of the differences observed between the beginning and the end of each of the interventions showed that the effect was simi...
PMC10745891
3.3. Anthropometric and Biochemical Variables
Baseline characteristics of the population after run-in (period 1) and wash-out (period 2) are depicted in The effect of a six-week soffritto intake is presented in
PMC10745891
3.4. Lipid Profile
Analysis of the baseline blood lipid profile characteristics revealed that both groups presented a similar profile in TC, HDLc, LDLc, non-HDLc, LDLc/HDLc ratio, and TAG (The daily intake of soffritto preparation during a period of six weeks did not induce any significant changes in the levels of TC, TAG, and cholestero...
PMC10745891
3.5. Blood Parameters
Regarding hemoglobin, red and white blood cells, and platelets, no statistically significant differences were observed between the two groups at baseline (Analysis of the differences observed after six weeks of daily intake of soffritto or in the control group showed that there were no statistically significant differe...
PMC10745891
4. Discussion
obesity, obese, overweight, overweight or obesity, atherosclerosis, platelet aggregation
CVD, OBESITY, ATHEROSCLEROSIS, OBESE
The beneficial effect of fresh tomatoes or their derivatives (e.g., purée, sauces, ketchup) in reducing conventional CVD risk markers has been deeply studied in the last few decades [Regarding our main outcome, platelet activity, so far it is well known that platelet activation is triggered by several intracellular sig...
PMC10745891
5. Conclusions
obese, overweight, platelet aggregation, thrombotic
CVD, EVENTS, OBESE, ARTERIAL STIFFNESS
The remarkable health benefits of tomatoes are widely acknowledged, boasting an impressive array of properties due to their antioxidants, vitamins, glycoalkaloids, and minerals. Surprisingly, although soffritto is a staple in the Mediterranean diet, its potential health effects remain largely uncharted territory in sci...
PMC10745891
Supplementary Materials
The following supporting information can be downloaded at: Click here for additional data file.
PMC10745891
Author Contributions
Conceptualization, T.P., G.V. and L.B.; methodology, T.P., G.V., A.P. and L.B.; formal analysis, T.P., G.V. and L.B.; investigation, T.P., G.V. and L.B.; data curation, A.L.-Y., T.P., V.d.S.V., N.M.-G., A.P. and L.B.; writing—original draft preparation, A.L.-Y., T.P. and L.B.; writing—review and editing, A.L.-Y., T.P. ...
PMC10745891
Institutional Review Board Statement
Approval for this study was granted by the Human Ethical Review Committee of Hospital Santa Creu I Sant Pau (Barcelona) under reference number 12/181, with the approval date recorded as 11 January 2013.
PMC10745891
Informed Consent Statement
All participants provided written consent after being adequately informed before their inclusion.
PMC10745891
Data Availability Statement
The information outlined in the manuscript, as well as the code book and analytic code, will be provided upon a reasonable request, subject to scientific approval.
PMC10745891
Conflicts of Interest
L.B. declares to have served as an SAB member of Sanofi, Ionnis, Pfizer, and NovoNordisk; to have received a research grant from AstraZeneca; to have received speaker fees from Sanofi and Bayer; and to have founded the Spin-Offs Glycardial Diagnostics SL and Ivastatin Therapeutics S (which are not associated with this ...
PMC10745891
References
collagen-induced, platelet aggregation
REACTIVE HYPEREMIA
Flow diagram describing the study design.Differences in the change of platelet function between groups after six weeks of intervention (soffritto and control). * indicates a significant statistical difference (Comparison between baseline and final values for collagen-induced platelet aggregation (2 µM) and ADP-induced ...
PMC10745891
ABSTRACT
PMC10662626
Objective
skeletal muscle dysfunction
CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE
Exercise training is a cornerstone of the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, whereas the related interindividual heterogeneity in skeletal muscle dysfunction and adaptations are not yet fully understood. We set out to investigate the effects of exercise training and supplemental oxygen on functional an...
PMC10662626
Methods
quadriceps femoris muscle
In this prospective, randomized, controlled, double-blind study, 28 patients with nonhypoxemic chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (forced expiratory volume in 1 second, 45.92% ± 9.06%) performed 6 wk of combined endurance and strength training, three times a week while breathing either supplemental oxygen or medical...
PMC10662626
Results
After exercise training, patients demonstrated a significant increase in functional capacity, aerobic capacity, exercise tolerance, quadriceps muscle strength, and bilateral CSA. Supplemental oxygen affected significantly the training impact on peak work rate when compared with medical air (+0.20 ± 0.03 vs +0.12 ± 0.03...
PMC10662626
Conclusions
heterogenous, hypoxia, muscle dysfunction
HYPOXIA
The heterogenous functional and structural muscle adaptations seem determined by supplemental oxygen and exercise-induced hypoxia. Indeed, supplemental oxygen may facilitate muscular training adaptations, particularly in limb muscle dysfunction, thereby contributing to the enhanced training responses on maximal aerobic...
PMC10662626
Key Words
peripheral muscle, COPD
CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE, COPD
Physical exercise training is recommended in all international guidelines on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), being an evidence-based central therapeutic measure for these patients (It remains unresolved whether nonhypoxemic COPD patients should exercise with supplemental oxygen (Because supplemental oxyge...
PMC10662626
MATERIALS AND METHODS
exacerbations
COLD
The Flow diagram. Fifty of 137 contacted patients met the eligibility criteria and entered the training-free run-in period. At training start, allocation concealment was ensured by an external block randomization for group allocation and concealed medical gas sources by locked away gas cylinders; a hidden gas distribut...
PMC10662626
Exercise training intervention
Patients performed 6 wk of combined endurance and strength training three times a week with either supplemental oxygen or medical air during training. Each endurance training session included 5-min warm-up (flow via nasal cannula, 4 L·min
PMC10662626
Functional evaluation
Quadriceps femoris muscle
Functional and aerobic capacity were assessed by ECG-monitored, incremental cardiopulmonary exercise testing (without oxygen supply) using Jaeger Hardware, analyzed with the JLAB Software on a stationary cycle ergometer (Ergoline Ergoselect 200) (Quadriceps femoris muscle strength was contemporaneously assessed by a st...
PMC10662626
Muscle cross-sectional area
quadriceps femoris muscle
BEST
The main outcome of this investigation was the quadriceps femoris muscle cross-sectional area (CSA), assessed by MRI data sets acquired with a 3.0-T scanner (Achieva; Phillips-Medical-Systems, Best, the Netherlands). A T1-weighted turbo-spin-echo sequence (echo time, 15 ms; section thickness, 10 mm; in-plane resolution...
PMC10662626
Statistical analysis
A statistician has been involved in study design and outcome analyses. The Shapiro–Wilk test has been used to test for normality. For normally distributed data, unpaired
PMC10662626
RESULTS
COPD
COPD
This study analysis finally evaluated 28 patients aged 63.64 ± 5.97 yr with stable COPD and a mean FEVBaseline characteristics.This table shows the patients’ baseline characteristics at rest and at peak exercise measured at training start. Data are presented as mean and SD.BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; Brea...
PMC10662626
Effects of exercise training
Six weeks of exercise training led to a significant increase in functional capacity (peak work rate: 85.3 ± 6.0 vs 97.3 ± 6.2 W,
PMC10662626
Effects of supplemental oxygen
Although both study groups significantly improved their maximal exercise capacity, when both breathing conditions were compared after 6 wk of exercise intervention, it was observed that supplemental oxygen positively affected peak work rate when compared with medical air (differences: O
PMC10662626
Impact of exercise-induced peripheral desaturation
Although those patients who did not desaturate during exercise were able to significantly increase their total quadriceps femoris CSA during the training intervention (+4.0 ± 1.4 cm
PMC10662626
Subgroup analyses
quadriceps femoris muscle, quadriceps femoris muscle CSA, desaturation, quadriceps femoris muscle CSA.This
The impact of supplemental oxygen and exercise-induced peripheral desaturation led to different adaptations of total quadriceps femoris CSA between the respective subgroups (Table Impact of exercise training on quadriceps femoris muscle CSA.This table shows that, although patients’ total CSA (in centimeters squared) of...
PMC10662626
DISCUSSION
quadriceps femoris muscle CSA, muscle gain, peripheral muscle, hypoxia, Peripheral muscle fatigue, muscle dysfunction, nonhypoxemic COPD, COPD
HYPOXIA, COPD
To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate the impact of an exercise training intervention with and without supplemental oxygen on independently assessed end points of functional and structural peripheral muscle adaptations in patients with nonhypoxemic COPD. The innovative assessment of the q...
PMC10662626
Impact of exercise training and supplemental oxygen
Exercise training led to a significant increase in functional capacity, aerobic capacity, and exercise tolerance. Furthermore, a gain in muscle strength of knee extension has been shown after the training intervention. Data also suggest an important role of supplemental oxygen during exercise training, which significan...
PMC10662626
Peripheral muscular training adaptation
peripheral muscular, COPD
COPD
This study provides additional value in evaluating the impact of supplemental oxygen during training in patients with COPD, because the previously discussed functional improvements on exercise capacity were associated with independently obtained parameters of peripheral muscular training adaptation (
PMC10662626
Limb muscle dysfunction in COPD
muscle dysfunction, COPD
COPD
The interindividual heterogeneity regarding muscle dysfunction, weakness, and adaptation in these patients led to the concept that an unexpected limb muscle dysfunction phenotype may exist in COPD (
PMC10662626
Limitations and perspectives
A limitation of this study is that MRI repetition and acquisition times varied because of software updates of the scanner in between. However, it has been shown that different turbo-spin-echo sequences, acquired at different scanners, and even with different echo times will yield highly reproducible shape parameters (
PMC10662626
CONCLUSIONS
muscle gain, quadriceps femoris muscle, hypoxia, muscle dysfunction, nonhypoxemic COPD, COPD
COPD, HYPOXIA
To the best of our knowledge, this is the first randomized, controlled, double-blind trial to provide an evaluation of functional and morphological adaptations of thigh muscles after an exercise intervention with and without supplemental oxygen during training in patients with COPD. Supplemental oxygen significantly in...
PMC10662626
REFERENCES
PMC10662626
1. Introduction
hyperglycemia, Type 2 diabetes, weight loss, T2D
HYPERGLYCEMIA, TYPE 2 DIABETES, TYPE 2 DIABETES
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) can be prevented or postponed by lifestyle modifications as shown by previous intervention studies. In most of these studies, participants have received resource-demanding individual counseling. In the 3-year T2D-GENE trial with lifestyle intervention, we investigated whether a less resource-deman...
PMC10097002
2. Materials and Methods
weight loss, Metabolic Syndrome
HEART, METABOLIC SYNDROME
Altogether, 628 men were recruited from the Metabolic Syndrome in Men (METSIM) study as previously described [Participants in the intervention groups had four visits with laboratory samples (0, 1, 2 and 3 years) as previously described [Group session 2 included dietary fiber intake, consumption of fruits, vegetables, a...
PMC10097002
3. Results
T2D, weight loss, illness
The 3-year intervention was completed by 549 participants. Of 628 participants who started the intervention, 26 developed T2D before the 3-year study visit and 53 discontinued the intervention due to, e.g., illness requiring treatment, or work-related limited time resources. The participation percentage in the group me...
PMC10097002
4. Discussion
T2D, eating behavior
A group and web portal-based lifestyle counseling intervention was very well welcomed by the participants based on their activity in participating in the group sessions, returning the food records, recording body weight and physical activity, and completing the tasks during the second and third years of the study, as w...
PMC10097002
5. Conclusions
T2D
In conclusion, a group and web portal-based lifestyle intervention is applicable for middle-aged to elderly men as a lifestyle modification aiming to prevent T2D.
PMC10097002
Author Contributions
Conceptualization, U.S., M.L. (Maria Lankinen) and M.L. (Markku Laakso); methodology, U.S., M.L. (Maria Lankinen), M.U. and M.L. (Markku Laakso); writing—original draft preparation, U.S. and M.L. (Maria Lankinen); writing—review and editing, M.U. and M.L. (Markku Laakso); visualization, M.L. (Maria Lankinen); supervisi...
PMC10097002
Institutional Review Board Statement
The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, and approved by the Ethics Committee of the Hospital District of Northern Savo (71/2016, date of approval 9 February 2016).
PMC10097002
Informed Consent Statement
Informed consent was obtained from all subjects involved in the study.
PMC10097002
Data Availability Statement
The data presented in this study are available on request from the corresponding author. The data are not publicly available due to privacy and ethical restrictions.
PMC10097002
Conflicts of Interest
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
PMC10097002
References
nutrients/foods
COLD
Examples of the results of the questionnaires filled by the participants on the web portal estimating their fiber intake, quality of dietary fat, and salt intake. The scores they obtained from the questionnaires were shown as these kinds of bar charts in the web portal. The colors illustrated whether their intake was o...
PMC10097002
Methods
tooth brushing behavior, abortion
This study was a randomized controlled trial conducted on expectant mothers visiting the health centers of Arak from February to November 2022. It received approval from the Ethics Committee of Hamedan University of Medical Sciences (IR.UMSHA.REC.1399.863). In addition, this study has been approved by the Iranian Regi...
PMC10422136
Educational programs to improve the frequency and duration of brushing in pregnant women
tooth brushing (Secondary outcomes).
BLIND
The outcomes of the study included the constructs of Pender’s HPM (Primary outcomes), as well as the brushing frequency and duration of tooth brushing (Secondary outcomes). Owing to the nature of the study, we could not blind the instructor with regard to the groups, but blinding was considered for the participants, a...
PMC10422136
Results
±
The mean age in the intervention and control groups was 28.16 ± 5.64 and 28.90 ± 5.52 years, respectively, and the difference was not statistically significant (
PMC10422136
Comparing control and intervention groups in terms of demographic characteristics
PMC10422136
Comparison of HPM constructs and behavior before and three months after the intervention in the intervention and control groups
PMC10422136
Behavior in the intervention and control groups before and after the intervention
PMC10422136
Discussion
tooth brushing behavior, tooth
This study sought to evaluate the impact of an educational program according to the HPM on brushing behavior in pregnant women. HPM-based training enhanced the duration of tooth brushing behavior in the intervention group compared to the control group in the present study. However, there was no change in the frequency...
PMC10422136
Highlights
tooth brushing frequency
Brushing time for 2-3 minutes in the intervention group increased from 51.85% to 75.92% after the intervention. The tooth brushing frequency did not change after the educational intervention. Education based on the HPM may be effective in promoting the oral health behavior of pregnant women.
PMC10422136
Conclusion
tooth
According to the findings of the present study, the perceived benefits and positive feelings toward the behavior were improved, leading to a reduction in the perceived barriers and the negative feelings towards the behavior, ultimately an increase in the duration of tooth brushing. Although it seems that more methodic...
PMC10422136
Acknowledgements
We thank Hamadan University of Medical Sciences for their support.
PMC10422136
Authors’ Contribution
PMC10422136
Competing Interests
The authors declare no conflict of interests, financial or otherwise.
PMC10422136