title stringlengths 1 1.19k | keywords stringlengths 0 668 | concept stringlengths 0 909 | paragraph stringlengths 0 61.8k | PMID stringlengths 10 11 |
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Qualitative data | Qualitative data were collected from a subset of intervention group participants (n=13) by the study research nurse (JJ) via telephone interviews at the end of the study. Feedback from the two ANPs was also taken in meeting sessions with researchers during and after the intervention period. The interview schedule was ... | PMC10463370 | ||
Deviation from protocol | Pain | There were a few deviations from the study protocol. Due to physical space limitations in most participants' homes, the gait speed test was replaced with Rockwood. Besides, the post-intervention outcome assessments were conducted by a research nurse over the phone in both study groups due to COVID-19 restrictions. Also... | PMC10463370 | |
Results | PMC10463370 | |||
Participant details | The baseline demographic and study outcomes data were not significantly different between the two study groups (Tables | PMC10463370 | ||
Feasibility findings | RECRUITMENT, RECRUITMENT | The study recruitment, CGA & CSP and outcome assessments began in January 2019 and concluded in February 2020. One hundred sixty-four older adults with eFI ≥ 0.12 were identified and invited to participate; following reading the PIS, 40 (24.4%) declined to take part without stating a reason, 11 (6.1%) felt not being fr... | PMC10463370 | |
Secondary outcomes | PMC10463370 | |||
Other secondary outcomes | SE | The ANPs spend on average 90.96 (95% CI: 81.66 – 100.28) minutes delivering CGA & CSP at their initial session with participants. The time spent with patients was reduced to Mean (95% CI): 68.71 (57.36 – 80.05) and 58.55 (48.36 – 68.74) minutes during the interim and final review sessions, respectively. The between-gro... | PMC10463370 | |
Contents of the CGA & CSP intervention | vision | The summary of problems identified included vision problems (As part of the care and support planning, participants were asked to answer questions such as ‘What is important to me’ and ‘What makes life meaningful for me’. Most participants stated that family and friends are the most important things that make life mean... | PMC10463370 | |
Qualitative findings | A total of 13 patients took part in the qualitative interviews (six and seven from each practice). These interviews lasted between 20-45 min. | PMC10463370 | ||
Theme 1: Appreciation for consistent care | There was a strong consensus that receiving the study intervention highlighted that their usual care meant they were often not able to get an appointment when needed, not able to see the same health professional or doctor each time they visited, and felt rushed in an appointment during usual care were concerns. For exa... | PMC10463370 | ||
Theme 2: The therapeutic relationship | The patients appreciated that they could build up a rapport with the ANPs during the CGA & CSP programme. Participants felt prioritised as the ANPs provided space for them to ask any questions about their health and therefore ANPs were more aware of their needs. For example, one participant described enjoying his visit... | PMC10463370 | ||
Theme 3: Connecting wider services | The ANPs were able to follow up enquiries for the patients with the surgeries, make further referrals and act as a liaison for follow-up care. For example, ‘When asked how participants would rate the quality of the care they received on a scale of 0–10, all patients gave an eight or above. | PMC10463370 | ||
Discussion | pain | SECONDARY, RECRUITMENT | The study aimed to assess the feasibility of identifying older frail adults living in the community and pilot subsequent CGA & CSP delivery by ANPs. Of 164 individuals identified at the eFI screening stage, 44.5% (The target recruitment number for this study was 160 participants; however, only 72 patients were recruite... | PMC10463370 |
Conclusion | The study findings indicate that frailty identification and assessment in the community by nursing practitioners was feasible. This helps to target intervention to older adults living in the community who benefit most from CGA and subsequent care and support plans. CGA & CSP delivery by ANPs was acceptable to participa... | PMC10463370 | ||
Acknowledgements | RECRUITMENT | We would like to thank all staff and the management team at Whitemoor Medical Centre and Riversdale Surgery. Special thanks to Sally Trent for helping with recruitment. We thank Advanced Nursing Practitioners, Mandy Miles and Veronica Hunting-Young for delivering CGA and follow-up reviews. We would also like to thank D... | PMC10463370 | |
Authors' contributions | RS, JJ | Conception and Design: RS, JJ, LB. Data collection and analysis: RS, JJ. Interpretation of data: RS, JJ, LB. Drafting the work: RS, JJ. Critically revising the work and final approval: RS, JJ, LB. | PMC10463370 | |
Funding | Funding for this study was provided by the NHS Clinical Commissioning Groups, Derbyshire, UK.Clinical Commissioning Groups, Derbyshire, UK. | PMC10463370 | ||
Availability of data and materials | The datasets used and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request. | PMC10463370 | ||
Declarations | PMC10463370 | |||
Ethics approval and consent to participate | The Helsinki Declaration principles were followed during the entire design and conduct of the study. Informed consent was obtained from all participants before entering the study. Ethical approval was granted by the Yorkshire & The Humber—Leeds East Research Ethics Committee of National Health Services, UK, (IRAS Proje... | PMC10463370 | ||
Consent for publication | Not applicable. | PMC10463370 | ||
Competing interests | The authors declare that they have no competing interests. | PMC10463370 | ||
References | PMC10463370 | |||
1. Introduction | inflammation, moisture loss | INFLAMMATION, SKIN CONDITION, SKIN, OXIDATIVE STRESS | Oxidative stress in the skin, induced by an unhealthy lifestyle and exposure to UVB radiation, leads to skin aging, including reduced elasticity, formation of wrinkles, moisture loss, and inflammation. In a previous study, we revealed the photoaging effects of enzyme-treated caviar extract (CV) by regulating collagen a... | PMC10780664 |
2. Materials and Methods | PMC10780664 | |||
2.1. Preparation of CV | The supercritical extract and enzyme-treated extract of Beluga (Huso Huso) caviar used in this study was sourced from Almas Caviar Inc. (Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea). Almas Caviar Inc. is actively engaged in environmental conservation efforts aimed at preserving sturgeon resources (a CITES-listed item), the primary ... | PMC10780664 | ||
2.2. Free Amino Acid and Peptide Analysis | dryness | HEAT | The high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to determine free amino acid analysis of CV. Weigh 1 g of powder, add 10 times the amount of distilled water, and heat to solidify, and the solution is filtered to obtain an aqueous layer. The residue obtained by concentrating the aqueous layer to dryness under... | PMC10780664 |
2.4. Study Participants and Schedule | Healthy adults aged 30 to 60 years (Subjects assigned to the caviar, combination, or placebo groups consumed the sample or placebo supplement daily for eight weeks. At 0, 4, and 8 weeks, measurements of skin hydration, wrinkles, and elasticity were conducted. Unless otherwise noted, each subject washed their face, wait... | PMC10780664 | ||
2.5. Skin Hydration | SKIN | Skin hydration was measured at 0, 4, and 8 weeks using the Corneometer CM825 (Courage&Khazaka electronic GmbH). The Corneometer numerically displays skin capacitance at 30-40 μm below the stratum corneum, indicating hydration through the insulating ions remaining in the probe head (A.U.). Dermal hydration was measured ... | PMC10780664 | |
2.6. Skin Elasticity | SKIN | Skin elasticity was measured visits using the Cutometer | PMC10780664 | |
2.7. Transepidermal Water Loss (TEWL) | TEWL confirmed water loss via sweating and evaporation on the epidermis through passive diffusion processes in the stratum corneum. Limit water intake 1 h before measuring TEWL and measure it using a Vapometer | PMC10780664 | ||
2.8. Skin Melanin | At 0, 4, and 8 weeks, the skin’s melanin content was measured using Mexameter | PMC10780664 | ||
2.9. Skin Wrinkles | DMD | LENS | We took high-resolution photos through a Mark-Vu (PSIPLUS, Suwon-si, Republic of Korea) 18-megapixel lens. PRIMOSCR (GFM, Teltow, Germany), a three-dimensional wrinkle measuring device using Digital Micro Mirror Device (DMD) technology, measured crow’s feet using parameter values of Ra (arithmetic average of profile pe... | PMC10780664 |
2.10. Safety Test and Adverse Reaction Test | renal and liver function | ADVERSE EVENTS, BLOOD | Safety was assessed by monitoring all adverse events and results from hematological tests, blood chemistry tests, and urine tests. Hematological tests measured WBC, RBC, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and platelets. Blood chemistry tests included renal and liver function indicators such as ALP, γ-GT, AST, and ALT activity, to... | PMC10780664 |
2.11. Statistical Analysis | Statistical analyses were performed using IBM SPSS statistics 25.0. Before and after comparisons within groups were performed using Wilcoxon signed rank test. For comparison between groups, analysis of variance was performed with the Kruskal-Wallis test, followed by a post-hoc Mann-Whitney test. All analyses were perfo... | PMC10780664 | ||
3. Results | PMC10780664 | |||
3.1. Free Amino Acid Contents and Peptide of CV | The free amino acid content for caviar and enzyme-treated caviar is presented in The peptide molecular weights of CV were determined using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometer (Bruker, Billerica, MA, USA) and are presented in | PMC10780664 | ||
3.2. Effects of CV on Skin Hydration | After eight weeks of sample capsule intake, skin hydration changed from 43.091 ± 5.209 A.U. to 45.980 ± 5.008 A.U. in the caviar group, from 46.398 ± 1.484 A.U. to 47.438 ± 1.433 A.U. in the combination group, and from 44.940 ± 2.631 A.U. to 45.513 ± 2.514 A.U. in the placebo group. A significant difference was observe... | PMC10780664 | ||
3.3. Skin Elasticity | Results for skin elasticity are illustrated in After eight weeks of sample intake, the R5 value in the placebo group decreased from 0.474 ± 0.075 to 0.512 ± 0.068, while in the caviar and combination groups, it increased from 0.457 ± 0.064 to 0.547 ± 0.095 and from 0.458 ± 0.080 to 0.514 ± 0.075, respectively. Caviar s... | PMC10780664 | ||
3.4. Effects of CV on Skin Melanin Index and Wrinkles | To assess the whitening effect of CV, the melanin index measurement results are shown in Wrinkles were measured using PRIMOSCR (GFM, Teltow, Germany) at the right-angle intersection of the nose and the tip of the eye. Wrinkle parameters included Ra (average roughness), Rmax (maximum peak to valley distance over the ass... | PMC10780664 | ||
4. Discussion | premature senescence | DNA DAMAGE, PATHOLOGY, ASH, SKIN CONDITION | Caviar, internationally acclaimed as a highly esteemed seafood, is prized for its abundance of protein and fat, establishing it as an exceptional source of high-quality protein in food [Previous studies have demonstrated that the protein, carbohydrate, and ASH content of caviar increased more in supercritical COIn the ... | PMC10780664 |
5. Conclusions | ADVERSE REACTIONS | In conclusion, this study unequivocally established the skin anti-aging efficacy and safety of CV through a randomized, placebo-controlled, and double-blind clinical trial. Over an 8-week period, CV administration resulted in a significant improvement in skin parameters, including hydration, elasticity, whitening, and ... | PMC10780664 | |
Supplementary Materials | The following supporting information can be downloaded at: Click here for additional data file. | PMC10780664 | ||
Author Contributions | Conceptualization, Y.K.K.; methodology, Y.K.K. and G.H.N.; Formal analysis, Y.K.K. and G.H.N.; Resources, S.H.H. and J.H.; Data curation, Y.K.K., S.K. and G.H.N.; Writing original draft preparation, Y.K.K., S.K. and G.H.N.; Investigation, Y.K.K. and G.H.N.; Writing review and editing, H.M.J., Y.K.K. and S.K.; Visualiza... | PMC10780664 | ||
Institutional Review Board Statement | DISEASE | The study was conducted according to the guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki, approved by the Institutional Review Board of Global Medical Research Center (Protocol No.: GMRC-22415-HK, 29 April 2022) for studies involving humans. The study was registered with registered with the Clinical Research Information Serv... | PMC10780664 | |
Informed Consent Statement | Informed consent was obtained from all subjects involved in the study. | PMC10780664 | ||
Data Availability Statement | Data supporting the study results can be provided followed by request sent to the corresponding author’s e-mail. | PMC10780664 | ||
Conflicts of Interest | The authors declare no conflicts of interest. | PMC10780664 | ||
Abbreviations | tumor necrosis | TUMOR NECROSIS | SOD, Superoxide dismutase; GPx, glutathione peroxidase; MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase; JNK, c-Jun N-terminal kinase; NF-κB, nuclear factor-κB; JNK, Jun NH2-terminal kinas; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor α; IL, interleukin; SPT, serine palmitoyltransferase; CerS, ceramide synthase; Des, dihydroceramide desaturase... | PMC10780664 |
Background | sepsis, death, organ dysfunction | SEPSIS | The LOVIT trial examined the effect of vitamin C on sepsis patients, and concluded that in adults with sepsis receiving vasopressor therapy in the ICU, those who received 4-day intravenous vitamin C had a higher risk of death or persistent organ dysfunction at 28 days than those who received placebo. The aim of this st... | PMC10115628 |
Methods | deaths | REGRESSION | We used Cox regression with two time periods to model the distribution of deaths over the first 11 days in the LOVIT trial. | PMC10115628 |
Results | Compared with a uniform difference between vitamin C and placebo groups over the 11-day follow-up period, addition of a separate vitamin C effect starting from day 5 improved the fit of the Cox model ( | PMC10115628 | ||
Conclusion | critically ill | CRITICALLY ILL | The increased mortality in the vitamin C group in the LOVIT trial is not explained by ongoing vitamin C administration, but by the abrupt termination of vitamin C. The LOVIT trial findings should not be interpreted as evidence against vitamin C therapy for critically ill patients.
| PMC10115628 |
Subject terms | PMC10115628 | |||
Introduction | sepsis, critically ill | SEPSIS, CRITICAL ILLNESS, CRITICALLY ILL | There is evidence from randomized trials that vitamin C may be beneficial for critically ill patients. Oral and intravenous vitamin C shortened the length of ICU stay on average by 7.8% in a meta-analysis of 12 trials with 1766 patients [The potential benefits of vitamin C for sepsis have been reviewed [Two randomized ... | PMC10115628 |
Methods | Deaths | REGRESSION | The methods of the randomized double-blind LOVIT trial have been described in other papers [Deaths in the LOVIT trial over the first 11 days.Vitamin C was administered for 4 days, thus, from day 5 forward, the vitamin C group did not get additional vitamin C. See the We used Cox regression to estimate the mortality rat... | PMC10115628 |
Results | In the LOVIT trial, there were 429 participants in the vitamin C group and 433 in the placebo group [Since the focus of our analysis is the effect of abrupt termination of vitamin C, we restricted the time period of the analysis to the first 11 days, such that participants were followed for 1 week after the 4-day vitam... | PMC10115628 | ||
Survival curves for the LOVIT trial. | deaths | The original survival curves were published with a scale up to 180 days, but such a wide scale makes it difficult to see the divergence of the vitamin C and placebo group curves after the termination of the 4-day vitamin C administration. See the We tested the uniformity of the vitamin C effect by allowing separate eff... | PMC10115628 | |
Discussion | PMC10115628 | |||
Harm after abrupt termination of vitamin C | death, critically ill, organ dysfunction, sepsis, diabetes | PHYSIOLOGICAL STRESS, CRITICALLY ILL, EVENTS, SEPSIS, DIABETES | The LOVIT authors concluded that “in adults with sepsis receiving vasopressor therapy in the ICU, those who received intravenous vitamin C had a higher risk of death or persistent organ dysfunction at 28 days than those who received placebo” [This conclusion is misleading as it implies that it was the “receiving” of in... | PMC10115628 |
Lack of benefit during vitamin C administration | sepsis, Urgency, organ dysfunction | SEPSIS | The motivation for our paper was to challenge the LOVIT authors’ conclusion that it was the intravenous vitamin C that caused the higher risk of mortality or persistent organ dysfunction in the vitamin group [In a recent retrospective cohort study conducted in Korea using propensity score matching, vitamin C administra... | PMC10115628 |
Ethical concerns with not treating overt vitamin C deficiency | dyspnea, fatigue, scurvy, edema, chest pain, irritability | VITAMIN C DEFICIENCY, SCURVY, SCURVY, EDEMA, DISEASE | A particular ethical concern with the LOVIT trial is that patients with severe vitamin C deficiency were not treated. In the trial protocol [Scurvy is usually associated with vitamin C levels below 0.2 mg/dl, which is 11 µM in current units. However, 11 µM should not be interpreted as a definitive level below which scu... | PMC10115628 |
Conclusions | critically ill, scurvy | CRITICALLY ILL, VITAMIN C DEFICIENCY, SCURVY | Since the publication of the results of the LOVIT trial, we are concerned about the ongoing possibility of some patients with vitamin C deficiency not being administered the vitamin on the basis that “receiving” intravenous vitamin C caused the observed harm in those randomized to the vitamin C group [Further research ... | PMC10115628 |
Supplementary information | The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1038/s41430-022-01254-8. | PMC10115628 | ||
Acknowledgements | We are grateful to Dr. John Hoffer and Dr. Pekka Louhiala for critical reading of the manuscript. | PMC10115628 | ||
Author contributions | HH planned the study, measured the published survival curve [ | PMC10115628 | ||
Funding | Open Access funding provided by University of Helsinki including Helsinki University Central Hospital. | PMC10115628 | ||
Data availability | Data analyzed in the paper are available in the | PMC10115628 | ||
Competing interests | The authors declare no competing interests. | PMC10115628 | ||
References | PMC10115628 | |||
Background | ESOPHAGEAL CANCER | This study aims to investigate the outcomes of patients who received early fiberoptic bronchoscopic sputum aspiration and lavage after thoracoscopic and laparoscopic esophagectomy due to esophageal cancer. | PMC10552382 | |
Methods | esophageal cancer, atelectasis, anastomotic, respiratory dysfunction | OESOPHAGEAL CANCER, POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS, ATELECTASIS, PULMONARY INFECTION, LEAKAGE | A prospective randomized clinical trial was performed between March 2020 and June 2022. Patients who were scheduled for thoracoscopic and laparoscopic esophagectomy due to esophageal cancer were enrolled. Then, these patients were assigned to the control group (traditional postoperative care) and study group (tradition... | PMC10552382 |
Results | esophageal cancer | OESOPHAGEAL CANCER | A total of 106 patients were enrolled for the present study, and 53 patients were assigned for the control and study groups. There were no statistically significant differences in gender, age, and location of the esophageal cancer between the two groups. Furthermore, the length of hospital stay was statistically signif... | PMC10552382 |
Conclusions | ESOPHAGEAL CANCER, POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS | For patients with esophageal cancer, early fiberoptic bronchoscopic sputum aspiration and lavage after thoracoscopic and laparoscopic esophagectomy can shorten the length of hospital stay, and lower the medical expense and incidence of postoperative complications. | PMC10552382 | |
Keywords | PMC10552382 | |||
Background | Esophageal cancer, malignancy, respiratory muscle, pain | ESOPHAGEAL CANCER | Esophageal cancer has been reported as the 7th most common malignancy in the world [It has been reported that different strategies, including adequate pain control, respiratory muscle training, nebulizer treatment, fluid balance control, and corticosteroid administration, can be employed to decrease pulmonary secretion... | PMC10552382 |
Methods | PMC10552382 | |||
Study design and participants | esophageal cancer, psychiatric, coagulation dysfunction | DISORDER, OESOPHAGEAL CANCER | A prospective randomized clinical trial was performed at the Affiliated Hospital of Putian University, Putian, Fujian, China, between March 2020 and June 2022. The study protocol was approved by the hospital ethics committee. All study participants provided a signed informed consent.The participant inclusion criteria w... | PMC10552382 |
Study protocol | bradycardia, bacterial infection, diabetes, alcohol abuse, hypotension, COPD, flushing | ESOPHAGEAL CANCER, BACTERIAL INFECTION, PULMONARY INFECTION, CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE, COPD, CAVITY, DIABETES | The baseline characteristics, including the demographics, history of smoking, alcohol abuse, diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), neoadjuvant therapy, and location and stage of the esophageal cancer, were recorded. The patients were randomized to the control and study groups using the random ball met... | PMC10552382 |
Outcome and postoperative complication measurements | Pulmonary dysfunction, pneumonia, Atelectasis, laryngeal sphincter adduction, cord injury, pulmonary dysfunction, atelectasis, reduced cardiac output, fistula, anastomotic, abduction | VOCAL CORD PARALYSIS, PNEUMONIA, ATELECTASIS, POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATION, ATELECTASIS, COLLAPSE, VOCAL CORD PARALYSIS, LEAKAGE | The outcomes were the entire length of hospital stay and the medical expenses during hospitalization. Postoperative complications, including pneumonia, atelectasis, pulmonary dysfunction, vocal cord paralysis, and anastomotic leakage, were documented. Atelectasis was defined as the partial or complete collapse of one s... | PMC10552382 |
Statistical analysis | Continuous data were presented as mean ± standard deviation, and compared using Student | PMC10552382 | ||
Results | PMC10552382 | |||
Patient enrollment and comparison of baseline characteristics | CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE | A total of 106 patients were enrolled and completed the study. Then, 53 patients were assigned to the control and study groups (Fig.
CONSORT flow diagram
Comparison of baseline characteristics between the two groupsCOPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | PMC10552382 | |
Comparison of outcomes between the two groups | Compared to patients in the control group, patients in the study group had a shorter length of hospital stay, and lower medical expenses during hospitalization (Table
Comparison of outcomes between the two groupsRMB, Renminbi (Chinese Yuan, CNY). All data were presented in mean ± standard deviation | PMC10552382 | ||
Comparison of postoperative complications between the two groups | pneumonia, vocal cord paralysis | PNEUMONIA, VOCAL CORD PARALYSIS, POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS, CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE, COMPLICATIONS | Compared to patients in the control group, patients in the study group had lower overall incidences of complications (45.2% vs. 20.7% for the control and study groups, respectively; Table
Comparison of postoperative complications between the two groups
Comparison of pneumonia incidences in patients with vocal cord par... | PMC10552382 |
Discussion | respiratory complications, respiratory complication, expectoration | ESOPHAGEAL CANCER, POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS, COMPLICATIONS, RESPIRATORY COMPLICATIONS, RESPIRATORY COMPLICATION | The minimally invasive approach to thoracoscopic and laparoscopic esophagectomy has been applied for patients with esophageal cancer. The successful management of respiratory secretion can decrease postoperative complications and improve patient outcomes. The present study performed early fiberoptic bronchoscopic sputu... | PMC10552382 |
Acknowledgements | None. | PMC10552382 | ||
Authors’ contributions | WW, JX, TY, SH, BC were responsible for the study design, data collection, and analysis. WW wrote and revised the manuscript. The final manuscript has been read and approved by all authors. | PMC10552382 | ||
Funding | The study was funded by the Science and Technology Project of Putian, Fujian, China (2018S3F019). | PMC10552382 | ||
Data Availability | The datasets used and/or analyzed during the study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request. | PMC10552382 | ||
Declarations | PMC10552382 | |||
Ethics approval and consent to participate | The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Affiliated Hospital of Putian University (No. 202304), and conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki (2013). All patients provided a written consent prior to enrollment. | PMC10552382 | ||
Consent for publication | Not applicable. | PMC10552382 | ||
Competing interests | The authors declare that they have no competing interests. | PMC10552382 | ||
Abbreviations | Not applicable. | PMC10552382 | ||
References | PMC10552382 | |||
Abstract | PMC10042092 | |||
Objective | To describe a tobacco cessation intervention using personalized mobile phone text messages based on behaviour change theory and to assess why the intervention was effective. | PMC10042092 | ||
Methods | We conducted a two-arm, double-blind, randomized controlled trial in five cities in China from April to July 2021. We recruited daily or weekly smokers aged 18 years or older. The 90-day intervention was delivered using a mobile phone chat application. At different stages of quitting, intervention group participants re... | PMC10042092 | ||
Findings | We randomly assigned 722 participants to intervention or control groups. Biochemically verified continuous abstinence at 6 months was 6.9% (25/360) in the intervention group and 3.0% (11/362) in the control group. Smokers who received the personalized intervention had lower scores on intrinsic rewards of smoking and re... | PMC10042092 |
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