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Conclusion | The study confirmed the psychological determinants of long-term abstinence from smoking and provided a framework to explore why such an intervention is effective. This approach may be applicable to the development or analysis of interventions targeting other health behaviours. | PMC10042092 | ||
Résumé | PMC10042092 | |||
Objectif | autour | Présenter une intervention de sevrage tabagique articulée autour de messages SMS envoyés sur les téléphones mobiles et personnalisés en fonction de la théorie du changement de comportement, puis déterminer pourquoi cette intervention a porté ses fruits. | PMC10042092 | |
Méthodes | avons | Nous avons mené un essai contrôlé randomisé en double aveugle et à deux volets dans cinq villes de Chine entre avril et juillet 2021. Nous avons recruté des fumeurs quotidiens ou hebdomadaires âgés de 18 ans et plus. L'intervention, qui s'étalait sur 90 jours, s'est déroulée par l'intermédiaire d'une application de cha... | PMC10042092 | |
Résultats | avons | Nous avons réparti aléatoirement 722 participants entre groupes d'intervention et de contrôle. Le taux d'abstinence à six mois vérifié par test biochimique s'élevait à 6,9% (25/360) au sein du groupe d'intervention et à 3,0% (11/362) au sein du groupe de contrôle. Dans le cadre de l'analyse fondée sur la théorie de la ... | PMC10042092 | |
Conclusion | L'étude a confirmé l'impact des déterminants psychologiques de l'abstinence à long terme et fourni des pistes d'exploration des raisons pour lesquelles une telle action est efficace. Cette approche pourrait être utilisée dans le développement ou l'analyse d'interventions ciblant d'autres comportements liés à la santé. | PMC10042092 | ||
Resumen | PMC10042092 | |||
Objetivo | Describir una intervención para | DEL | Describir una intervención para dejar de fumar mediante el uso de mensajes de texto personalizados para teléfonos móviles basada en la teoría del cambio de conducta y evaluar por qué la intervención fue eficaz. | PMC10042092 |
Métodos | autoinformado | DEL | Se realizó un ensayo aleatorizado, con enmascaramiento doble y con dos grupos en cinco ciudades de China entre abril y julio de 2021. Se preseleccionaron fumadores diarios o semanales mayores de 18 años. La intervención de 90 días se realizó mediante una aplicación de chat para teléfonos móviles. En las diferentes etap... | PMC10042092 |
Resultados | DEL | Se asignaron aleatoriamente 722 participantes a los grupos de intervención o comparativos. La abstinencia continua verificada mediante pruebas bioquímicas a los 6 meses fue del 6,9 % (25/360) en el grupo de intervención y del 3,0 % (11/362) en el grupo comparativo. Los fumadores que recibieron la intervención personali... | PMC10042092 | |
Conclusión | DEL | El estudio confirmó los determinantes psicológicos de la abstinencia del tabaco a largo plazo y proporcionó un marco para explorar por qué una intervención de este tipo es eficaz. Este enfoque podría aplicarse al desarrollo o análisis de intervenciones dirigidas a otros hábitos saludables. | PMC10042092 | |
ملخص | PMC10042092 | |||
الغرض | وصف التدخل للإقلاع عن تعاطي التبغ باستخدام رسائل نصية مخصصة للهاتف المحمول بناءً على نظرية تغيير السلوك، وتقييم سبب فعالية التدخل. | PMC10042092 | ||
الطريقة | والذي | قمنا بإجراء تجربة تحكم عشوائية، ثنائية التعمية، ثنائية الذراع، في خمس مدن في الصين في الفترة من أبريل/نيسان إلى يوليو/تموز 2021. قمنا بتوظيف مدخنين يوميًا أو أسبوعيًا بعمر 18 عامًا أو أكبر. تم تنفيذ التدخل لمدة 90 يومًا باستخدام تطبيق للدردشة على الهاتف المحمول. في مراحل مختلفة من الإقلاع، تلقى المشاركون في مجموعة الت... | PMC10042092 | |
النتائج | والذي | قمنا بتعيين 722 مشاركًا بشكل عشوائي لمجموعات التدخل أو مجموعات التحكم. كان الامتناع المتواصل عن ممارسة الجنس لمدة 6 أشهر، والذي تم التحقق منه كيميائيا، عند معدل | PMC10042092 | |
الاستنتاج | أكدت الدراسة المحددات النفسية للامتناع طويل المدى عن التدخين، وقدمت إطار عمل لاستكشاف سبب فعالية مثل هذا التدخل. قد يكون هذا النهج قابلاً للتطبيق لتطوير أو تحليل التدخلات التي تستهدف السلوكيات الصحية الأخرى. | PMC10042092 | ||
摘要 | PMC10042092 | |||
目的 | 描述基于行为改变理论的个性化手机短信戒烟干预，并评估干预有效的原因。 | PMC10042092 | ||
方法 | 我们于 2021 年 4 月至 7 月在中国五个城市进行了一项双臂双盲随机对照试验。我们招募了年龄为 18 岁或以上且每日或每周吸烟的人。使用手机聊天应用程序进行为期 90 天的干预。在戒烟的不同阶段，干预组的研究对象会收到个性化的短信，这些短信是根据对他们的戒烟意愿强度、戒烟动机和自我报告的戒烟成功情况的分析编制的。对照组的研究对象会收到非个性化的短信。主要结局指标是经生化指标验证的 6 个月持续戒烟率。次要结局指标是保护动机理论各组成部分的分数变化。所有分析均按照意向性治疗原则。 | PMC10042092 | ||
结果 | 我们将 722 名参与者随机分配到干预组或对照组。干预组经生化指标验证的6 个月持续戒烟率为 6.9% (25/360)，对照组为 3.0% (11/362)。在保护动机理论分析中，接受个性化干预的吸烟者在吸烟的内部回报和戒烟的反应代价方面得分较低。这两个变量也是持续戒烟的决定因素，从而解释了干预组戒烟率较高的原因。 | PMC10042092 | ||
结论 | 该研究证实了长期戒烟的心理决定因素，并为探索为什么这种干预有效提供了一个框架。这种方法可能适用于针对其他健康行为的干预措施的开发或分析。 | PMC10042092 | ||
Резюме | PMC10042092 | |||
Цель | меры | Описать меры по прекращению употребления табака с использованием персонализированных текстовых сообщений для мобильного телефона, основанные на теории изменения моделей поведения, и оценить причины эффективности этих мер. | PMC10042092 | |
Методы | В период с апреля по июль 2021 года в пяти городах Китая было проведено двойное слепое рандомизированное контролируемое исследование в двух группах. Для исследования были отобраны курильщики в возрасте 18 лет и старше, курящие ежедневно или еженедельно. На протяжении 90 дней проводились мероприятия с использованием при... | PMC10042092 | ||
Результаты | меры, Биохимически | 722 участника были случайным образом распределены в экспериментальную или контрольную группу. Биохимически подтвержденный показатель непрерывного отказа от курения через 6 месяцев составил 6,9% (25 из 360) в экспериментальной группе и 3,0% (11 из 362) в контрольной группе. У курильщиков, получивших персонализированные ... | PMC10042092 | |
Вывод | В ходе исследования были подтверждены психологические детерминанты долгосрочного отказа от курения и создана основа для изучения причин эффективности подобных мер воздействия. Этот подход может быть применим к разработке или анализу мер воздействия, направленных на другие модели поведения в отношении здоровья. | PMC10042092 | ||
Introduction | deaths, death, functional disabilities | Tobacco use is still a major public health problem worldwide. The most common type of tobacco use is cigarette smoking, which is one of the leading preventable causes of death, responsible for more than 600 million deaths globally every year. Available data suggest that tobacco users lose 15 years of life and live with... | PMC10042092 | |
Methods | PMC10042092 | |||
Study design | We conducted a two-arm, double-blind, randomized controlled trial in five cities in China (Beijing, Baotou, Dezhou, Linzi and Yakeshi). The locations of the study provinces are shown in the author’s online repository.The trial was approved by the ethics committeee of Peking University Health Science Center (IRB00001052... | PMC10042092 | ||
Theoretical framework | The theoretical framework of the intervention was based on the transtheoretical model of behaviour change and the protection motivation theory. Both models have been independently applied to study health behaviour change interventions.The transtheoretical model proposes a systematic relationship between the stages and ... | PMC10042092 | ||
Explanation of the components of two models used in the study of a personalized smoking cessation intervention, China | PMC10042092 | |||
anxiety | Consciousness raising: finding and learning new facts, ideas and tips that support the healthy behavioural change.Dramatic relief: experiencing the negative emotions (fear, anxiety, worry) that go along with unhealthy behavioural risks.Environmental re-evaluation: realizing the negative impact of the unhealthy behaviou... | PMC10042092 | ||
EVENT, DISEASES | Perceived severity: beliefs about the negative consequences of the health threat.Perceived vulnerability: vulnerability to the negative consequences of the threatened event.Intrinsic and extrinsic rewards: the benefits of the performance of the maladaptive behaviour.Self-efficacy: confidence in one’s ability to perform... | PMC10042092 | ||
Intervention | A detailed framework of the intervention based on the two behaviour change models is shown in | PMC10042092 | ||
Theoretical framework for the study of a personalized smoking cessation intervention, China | NA: not applicable.We designed a message bank for WeChat with a three-layer framework. The first layer was divided based on the timing of messages and consisted of the pre-quitting message (days 1–7), quitting day message (day 8), withdrawal symptom management message (days 9–18), early quit phase message (days 19–36) ... | PMC10042092 | ||
Implementation | PMC10042092 | |||
Participants | RECRUITMENT, LOCAL DISEASE | The sample size calculation for the study was based on the formula for a two-arm randomized controlled trial. Based on earlier research, we estimated that biochemically verified continuous smoking abstinence at 6 months would be approximately 4% in the control group and 10% in the intervention groups.We advertised the ... | PMC10042092 | |
Procedure | Cancer | RECRUITMENT, CANCER | After recruitment, participants were required to complete the baseline questionnaire and register through WeChat. We first classified our participants into two groups: low nicotine dependence; or moderate and high nicotine dependence. Then we used a simple randomization method to assign participants to the intervention... | PMC10042092 |
Outcomes | The primary outcome was the biochemically verified, 6-month sustained abstinence rate, defined as participants’ self-reports of not smoking any cigarettes after the designated quitting date. Self-reported quitting was validated biochemically by an expired carbon monoxide level of less than 6 ppm at each follow-up visit... | PMC10042092 | ||
Data analysis | REGRESSION | We conducted the data analysis in three steps. First, we used descriptive statistics to report smoking abstinence rates and used Second, we analysed the change in the scores on the protection motivation theory components, by group, to evaluate the effect of our intervention in strengthening awareness about quitting. We... | PMC10042092 | |
Results | We randomly assigned 722 participants to the intervention or control group (Flowchart of the study of a personalized text message smoking cessation intervention, China | PMC10042092 | ||
Participants’ scores on protection motivation theory components, by group and time after starting quitting, in the personalized smoking cessation intervention, China | SD: standard deviation. | PMC10042092 | ||
Association between participants’ scores on protection motivation theory components and sustained abstinence from smoking in the personalized smoking cessation intervention, China | thumb pain | REGRESSION | CI: confidence interval; OR: odds ratio; Ref.: Reference group.Notes: We changed the dependent variable to a dummy variable indicating whether the respondent remained abstinent during the follow-up period (if yes = 1; otherwise = 0). The explanatory variables were the protection motivation theory component scores. We u... | PMC10042092 |
Discussion | BLIND | This study joins the recent debate on mobile phone-based cessation interventions and provides some new information. The intervention group receiving personalized text messages about smoking cessation based on behaviour change theory had a 6-month quitting rate that was twice that of the intervention group getting non-p... | PMC10042092 | |
Funding: | This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, grant number 82173637. | PMC10042092 | ||
Competing interests: | None declared. | PMC10042092 | ||
References | PMC10042092 | |||
Subject terms | CAP | COMMUNITY ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA, ADVERSE EVENT | Patients hospitalised with community acquired pneumonia (CAP) have low peripheral blood vitamin C concentrations and limited antioxidant capacity. The feasibility of a trial of vitamin C supplementation to improve patient outcomes was assessed. Participants with moderate and severe CAP (CURB-65 ≥ 2) on intravenous anti... | PMC10363531 |
Introduction | CAP, death | COMMUNITY ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA | Administering supplemental vitamin C to treatment regimens for community acquired pneumonia (CAP) is an attractive option, but evidence of benefit is lackingThe published studies of the effect of vitamin C treatment on the outcome of CAP have been reviewed by the Cochrane collaboration, which identified one randomised ... | PMC10363531 |
Results | PMC10363531 | |||
Treatment delivery | ADVERSE EFFECTS | The median (IQR) number of intravenous doses of vitamin C administered was 3 (3, 6) and for placebo was 6 (3, 7). All 75 subjects received their intravenous course in hospital and 22 completed their oral course in hospital. Two subjects discontinued the oral formulation in hospital because of adverse effects (see below... | PMC10363531 | |
Acceptability and safety and of treatment | nausea or vomiting, bronchitis, deaths, COPD, diabetes | ADVERSE EVENTS, COPD, BRONCHITIS, URINARY TRACT INFECTION, DIABETES | Of those who fulfilled the entry criteria only three patients (3%) who were eligible on screening (n = 96) declined to be enrolled after completing the consenting process. Of those who were consented and included all subjects completed the intravenous part of the study (100%). Two subjects stopped oral treatment in hos... | PMC10363531 |
Plasma vitamin C concentrations | Baseline samples were available in 67 patients (89%). The median (IQR) baseline vitamin C concentrations were 15 (7, 25) µmol/L in the vitamin C group (31/36, 86%), and 16 (6, 27) µmol/L (36/39, 92%), in the placebo group. There was no difference between these groups ( | PMC10363531 | ||
Discussion | CAP, deaths, death | RECRUITMENT, HYPOVITAMINOSIS, RECRUITMENT, PATHOPHYSIOLOGY, SECONDARY | The study was designed and powered as a feasibility study of supplemental vitamin C in moderate to severe CAP and provided some important insights on recruitment, acceptability, and clinical outcomes that will help design future studies.Recruitment of patients was feasible as the percentage enrolled (27%) was similar t... | PMC10363531 |
Materials and methods | PMC10363531 | |||
Study design and participants | pneumonia, acute illness, cough, feverishness, shortness of breath | INFILTRATE, SECONDARY, PNEUMONIA, RECRUITMENT | The study was conducted in Christchurch Hospital, New Zealand, a secondary and tertiary care referral hospital serving more than 550,000 people. Participants were adults (aged ≥ 18 years) admitted to the general medical or respiratory services from November 2019 to April 2021 with CAP. This was defined as an acute illn... | PMC10363531 |
Intervention | The interventions (2.5 g vitamin C or placebo) was added to 100 ml of normal saline and administered over 20–30 min 8 hourly until the attending clinical team changed from intravenous antimicrobials to oral therapy. The initial supplier of the intravenous therapy was ASCOR L-500, McGuff Pharmaceuticals Inc, Santa Ana, ... | PMC10363531 | ||
Randomisation and masking | The randomisation was done by the biostatistician (J.W.) by computer generated code (1:1 allocation) which was stored in the Christchurch Hospital Pharmacy. The process and dispensing of the intravenous and oral preparations were performed by Christchurch Hospital Pharmacy under the direction of the study biostatistici... | PMC10363531 | ||
Study procedures | pneumonia | EVENTS, PNEUMONIA, ADVERSE EFFECTS | The participants baseline characteristics were obtained at enrolment included smoking, current medications and supplement use. The highest CURB-65 score (pneumonia severity) in the 12 h prior to enrolment was recordedAdverse events were monitored by regular review of participants during hospitalisation. Reasons for mis... | PMC10363531 |
Endpoints | death | ADVERSE EVENTS, RECRUITMENT, HYPERTENSION, COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA | The feasibility endpoints were:Recruitment. Defined as the percentage of patients admitted to hospital with CURB-65 ≥ 2 CAP who were enrolled in the study.Treatment delivery. Measured by the number of prescribed doses of intravenous and oral therapy in hospital and self-reported adherence of oral therapy after discharg... | PMC10363531 |
Sample size | pneumonia | PNEUMONIA | There are an estimated 800 CAP admissions to Christchurch Hospital each year. Large prospective cohorts (n = 718 and 3233) report 50–55% of participants have moderate or severe CAP (CURB-65 of ≥ 2 or pneumonia severity index (PSI) > 3) | PMC10363531 |
Statistical analysis | death, pneumonia | RECRUITMENT, PNEUMONIA, EVENT | Recruitment was assessed by determining the number of patients approached during the study period, and the proportion who meet initial eligibility criteria, were randomised, were treated, and were ultimately deemed eligible for inclusion in the analysis. Randomised patients were not considered eligible for inclusion in... | PMC10363531 |
Institutional review board statement | The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, and approved by the Health and Disability Ethics Committee (18/NTB/218, approved 13 March 2019). | PMC10363531 | ||
Informed consent | Informed consent was obtained from all subjects involved in the study. Informed consent has been obtained from the patient(s) to publish data from the study. | PMC10363531 | ||
Supplementary Information | The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1038/s41598-023-37934-z. | PMC10363531 | ||
Acknowledgements | Dr David Jardine and the staff of the General Medical Services at Christchurch Hospital, staff at the Pharmacy of Christchurch Hospital and Canterbury Health Laboratories. Biological Therapies, Braeside, VIC, Australia for providing Sodium Ascorbate Solution after COVID-19 lockdown. | PMC10363531 | ||
Author contributions | Conceptualization, S.T.C., M.M., M.E., A.C. and M.S.; methodology, S.T.C., M.M., M.E., D.M., H.I., J.W. and A.C.; acquisition of subjects S.T.C., A.S.T., S.M., S.S., D.M., H.I. and M.S.; validation, M.S., J.W., S.S., A.S.T. and S.T.C.; formal analysis, S.T.C. and J.W.; data curation, M.S., S.S., A.S.T., and J.W.; writi... | PMC10363531 | ||
Funding | This research was funded Health Research Council, Grant Number 18/623. | PMC10363531 | ||
Data availability | The data presented in this study are available on request from the corresponding author. The data are not publicly available and stored on a secure system at the University of Otago, Christchurch. | PMC10363531 | ||
Competing interests | ’ disease, MM | MM has received funding from the Health Research Council of New Zealand for Legionnaires’ disease research. The other authors declare no competing interests. | PMC10363531 | |
References | PMC10363531 | |||
1. Introduction | (1) Background: While goat milk formula (GMF) is an alternative to cow milk formula (CMF), infants’ preferences for one over the other have not been formally assessed. Specifically, our aim in this study was to determine whether infants experience fewer feeding behavior problems with whole milk-based GMF than with conv... | PMC10537215 | ||
2. Materials and Methods | PMC10537215 | |||
2.1. Design and Participants | private-practice | CHRONIC DISEASES, PROTEIN ALLERGY | This trial was a double-blind RCT with two-arm parallel assignment conducted at six pediatrician’s offices in the greater Paris area of France. An independent ethics committee approved the study protocol (CPP Sud Méditerranée 3, France; ref.: 2018.01.01), which complied with the Declaration of Helsinki. Both legal repr... | PMC10537215 |
2.2. Study Products | The whole milk-based GMF (20:80 whey:casein ratio and about 48% milk fat; Capricare with added DHA and arachidonic acid) or whey-adjusted CMF (60:40 whey:casein ratio and about 22% milk fat) were produced by Dairy Goat Co-operative (N.Z.) Ltd., Hamilton, New Zealand. The composition (see | PMC10537215 | ||
2.3. Outcome Measures | ADVERSE EVENTS | The primary outcome measure was the change in food enjoyment, assessed as the difference in BEBQ Enjoyment of Food subscale scores between the inclusion visit (baseline) and final visit (day 28 ± 3). Secondary outcome measures were the other BEBQ subscale scores; Montreal Children’s Hospital Feeding Scale (MCH-FS) scor... | PMC10537215 | |
2.4. Statistical Analysis | non-compliance | SENSITIVITY | The number of infants needed for detecting a statistical difference was calculated based on differences in the BEBQ Enjoyment of Food subscale reported by Llewellyn et al. [Summary statistics described the demographic and clinical characteristics of participants. Categorical data were described using frequencies and pe... | PMC10537215 |
3. Results | fracture, constipation, feeding difficulties, viral gastroenteritis, regurgitation or fussing, trauma | ADVERSE EVENTS, URINARY INFECTION, VIRAL GASTROENTERITIS, BRONCHIOLITIS | Between June 2018 and December 2021, 70 patients were screened for eligibility. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, inclusions were suspended between March and June 2020, as non-urgent medical appointments were impossible then. Then, due to the expiry date of the study milk cans, inclusions were stopped in December 2021. A t... | PMC10537215 |
4. Discussion | ’ feeding behavior, constipation | GI DISORDERS, RECRUITMENT, ADVERSE EFFECT | This double-blind RCT is, to our knowledge, the only one to compare feeding behaviors and preferences of infants fed either with GMF or conventional CMF. We observed similar levels of food enjoyment, i.e., subjective degree of pleasure experienced during feeding, for both types of formula. However, infants fed GMF, unl... | PMC10537215 |
Supplementary Materials | The following supporting information can be downloaded at: Click here for additional data file. | PMC10537215 | ||
Author Contributions | RECRUITMENT | Conceptualization, C.J., C.P. and M.B. (Marc Bellaïche); participant recruitment, C.B., E.S., G.G., A.P., I.L. and A.E.; data collection coordination, M.B. (Maxime Brussieux); data analysis, C.J. and A.G.S.; data interpretation, C.J., A.G.S., S.G. and M.B. (Marc Bellaïche); writing—original draft preparation, C.J.; wri... | PMC10537215 | |
Institutional Review Board Statement | The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by an independent Ethics Committee of CPP Sud Méditerranée 3 (ref: 2018.01.01). | PMC10537215 | ||
Informed Consent Statement | Informed consent was obtained from all subjects involved in the study. | PMC10537215 | ||
Data Availability Statement | Data sets are available upon reasonable request. | PMC10537215 | ||
Conflicts of Interest | RECRUITMENT | C.J., A.G.S., C.B., E.S., G.G., A.P., I.L., A.E., M.B. (Maxime Brussieux), and M.B. (Marc Bellaïche) declare no commercial or financial ties related to this research. C.P. was and S.G. is employed by Dairy Goat Co-operative, which funded the study. C.P. was involved in writing the protocol. S.G. was involved in the dat... | PMC10537215 | |
References | Skin and gastrointestinal symptoms | Study CONSORT Flowchart. CMF: cow milk formula; GMF: goat milk formula; ITT: intention-to-treat; PP: per protocol.Children’s enjoyment of CMF and GMF, according to four-level visual analog scale ratings, for ITT population at end of study. CMF: cow milk formula; GMF: goat milk formula.Patient demographic and clinical c... | PMC10537215 | |
Background | The 2022 ASA guidelines recommend the video laryngoscope, video stylet, and flexible videoscope as airway management tools. This study aims to compare the efficacy of three airway devices in intubating patients with difficult airways. | PMC10512610 | ||
Methods | A total of 177 patients were selected and randomized into the following three groups: the video laryngoscope group (Group VL, | PMC10512610 | ||
Results | All patients were successfully intubated with three devices. The first-pass intubation success rate was significantly higher in Groups VS and FV than in Group VL (96.61% vs. 93.22% vs. 83.05%, | PMC10512610 | ||
Conclusions | In patients with difficult airways requiring intubation, use of the video stylet has the advantage of a relatively shorter intubation time, and the flexible videoscope and video stylet yield a higher first-pass intubation success rate and clearer glottic exposure than the use of the video laryngoscope. | PMC10512610 | ||
Trial registration | Chinese Clinical Trial Registry. No: ChiCTR2200061560, June 29, 2022. | PMC10512610 | ||
Supplementary Information | The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13063-023-07641-1. | PMC10512610 | ||
Keywords | PMC10512610 | |||
Background | airway injuries | Currently, visualization techniques are becoming increasingly popular for its reduction in reducing the risk of severe intubation reactions and failed intubations. Nevertheless, both anticipated and unanticipated difficult airways still result in failed intubation, which not only puts the anesthesiologist in an embarra... | PMC10512610 | |
Method | PMC10512610 | |||
Patients and study design | EGRI, mandibular subluxation, thyromental, Pre-anesthesia, head and neck mobility, weight, mouth opening | The present study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Lu'an Hospital of Anhui Medical University (NO.2021LL005) and written informed consent forms were signed by all the participants or their relatives before enrollment. We recruited patients from the current hospital between July and September 2022. The trial ... | PMC10512610 | |
Anesthesia protocol | PMC10512610 | |||
Anesthesia preparation | All patients fasted from food and water before surgery. In all patients, dexmedetomidine was given preoperatively intravenously over 10 min before the induction of anesthesia. The patient’s body temperature, heart rate, pulse, oxygen saturation, blood pressure, electrocardiogram, and end-tidal carbon dioxide (PETCO | PMC10512610 | ||
Induction of anesthesia | Anesthesia was inducted by sequential injections of 0.05 mg/kg midazolam, 0.5 μg/kg sufentanil, 0.3 mg/kg etomidate, and 0.8 mg/kg rocuronium in all three groups. We monitored neuromuscular function using a train of four (TOF) stimulation pattern. Intubation took place when a fully relaxed status was reached (TOF 0/4).... | PMC10512610 | ||
Group VL | The video laryngoscope (TDC- K3, UE Medical Equipment Co. Ltd., Zhejiang, China, Fig. Comparison of three devices used for transoral endotracheal intubation. | PMC10512610 |
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