title stringlengths 1 1.19k | keywords stringlengths 0 668 | concept stringlengths 0 909 | paragraph stringlengths 0 61.8k | PMID stringlengths 10 11 |
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Competing interests | The authors declare no competing interests. | PMC10495372 | ||
References | PMC10495372 | |||
Background | rotatory, caries | CARIES | Chemomechanical techniques for caries removal have been introduced to overcome the shortcomings of the conventional rotatory instruments. This study aimed to clinically evaluate the effectiveness of the chemomechanical method of caries removal (Carie-Care™) over mechanical caries removal through the Atraumatic Restorat... | PMC10657635 |
Methods | carious primary molars, caries, pain | CARIES | A randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted. Fifty children fulfilling inclusion criteria were recruited from the outpatient clinic of Pediatric and Dental Public health department, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University. Fifty open carious primary molars were randomly assigned into 2 equal groups accordi... | PMC10657635 |
Results | caries | CARIES | The mean time taken for caries removal in the Carie-Care™ treatment group was (575.6 ± 114.8) seconds which was statistically significant higher as compared with the ART treatment group (346.1 ± 97.4) seconds ( | PMC10657635 |
Conclusions | carious tissue | Removal of carious tissue in primary teeth using Chemomechanical Carie-Care™ gel proved to be more time consuming than ART, but on the other hand it was more efficient, comfortable, and accepted by the pediatric patients. | PMC10657635 | |
Keywords | Open access funding provided by The Science, Technology & Innovation Funding Authority (STDF) in cooperation with The Egyptian Knowledge Bank (EKB). | PMC10657635 | ||
Background | dentine caries, caries, pain, teeth with hand, carious dentine | DENTAL CARIES, DISEASE, CARIES, DECAY, DENTAL CARIES, HEAT | Dental caries is the most common childhood disease worldwide. Despite reliable scientific advancements and the fact that caries is preventable, the disease continues to be one of the major public health issues [According to estimates, dental caries affects about 60–90% of school-age children. This percentage fluctuates... | PMC10657635 |
Methods | PMC10657635 | |||
Cytotoxicity assay | CYTOTOXICITY | Before the clinical application of the Carie-Care™ gel, its cytotoxicity was assessed in human gingival fibroblasts isolated from patients who underwent clinical crown lengthening, and signed informed consent was obtained from all participants. At a cell density of 7 × 103/well, gingival fibroblasts from passages to 4–... | PMC10657635 | |
Study design | caries | CARIES | This study was a randomized controlled clinical trial in which two methods of caries removal were compared following the consort guidelines [ | PMC10657635 |
Sample size estimation | caries | CARIES | The sample size was based on a 95% confidence level to detect differences in caries removal time between the mechanical and chemo-mechanical removal methods. Pascareli-Carlos et al. [ | PMC10657635 |
Patient recruitment | carious lesions, dentine, caries | CARIES, CARIES | Two hundred and fifty children were assessed for eligibility at the outpatient clinics of the Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, from March 2022 to November 2022.Two hundred children with radiographic findings of pulp furcation, periapical pathosis and ... | PMC10657635 |
Randomization technique, grouping, and allocation concealment | carious primary molars, caries | CARIES | Fifty children were randomly assigned to two groups according to the caries removal method. Each group comprised 25 carious primary molars; Group I(test group), caries removal by Carie-Care™ chemo-mechanical agent, and Group II(control group), caries removal by the ART method. Randomization was done by the permuted blo... | PMC10657635 |
Examiner reliability | caries | CARIES | The main researcher, a pediatric dentist, was trained and calibrated to record caries removal efficacy by Munshi et al. [ | PMC10657635 |
Assessment procedures | caries, pain | WRIGHT, EYE, CARIES | The following was measured for each patient:The time taken for the two techniques was measured from the start of the caries removal procedure until the caries excavation endpoint by using a stopwatch and was recorded in seconds. Efficacy of caries removal: Complete caries excavation was verified by the tip of a blunt e... | PMC10657635 |
Statistical analysis | REGRESSION | IBM SPSS software package version 20.0. (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY,) was used for the data analysis. Qualitative data are represented as numbers and percentages, and the Chi-square test was used to compare the two study groups. Quantitative continuous data were tested for normality using the Shapiro-Wilk test and expressed... | PMC10657635 | |
Discussion | carious lesions, Pain, carious primary molars, caries, pain, hand excavation | DECAY, CAVITY, CARIES | The present randomized controlled clinical study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of Carie-Care™ as a chemo-mechanical caries removal agent and compare it with that of ART. To the best of authors’ knowledge, the present study is the first in Egypt and the Easternmediteranean/North African region to evaluate the effecti... | PMC10657635 |
Conclusions | carious | The use of Chemo-mechanical Carie-Care™ gel to remove carious tissue in primary teeth proved to be more time consuming than ART, but on the other hand it was more efficient, comfortable and accepted by the pediatric patients. Authors believe that this study will make useful contributions to the literature and clinician... | PMC10657635 | |
Acknowledgements | The authors gratefully thank the Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications (“CERRMA”), Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Egypt (STDF- Funded), for the facilitation provided by the Stem Cell Laboratory for the isolation and propagation of human gingival fibroblasts. | PMC10657635 | ||
Authors' contributions | CYTOTOXICITY | A.G., N.B. and D.T. conceptualized the study. A.G. collected data. M.E. conducted the cytotoxicity assay and interpreted the results. A.G. analyzed the data and wrote the manuscript draft. N.B. and D.T. reviewed and edited the manuscript. The final manuscript was approved by all the authors. | PMC10657635 | |
Funding | Open access funding provided by The Science, Technology & Innovation Funding Authority (STDF) in cooperation with The Egyptian Knowledge Bank (EKB). This study was not supported by any funding sources. | PMC10657635 | ||
Availability of data and materials | Patients’ records at the Pediatric Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, contain the datasets created and analyzed for the current study and were used under license for this study. The public accessibility of such data is subject to restrictions. However, data from the corresponding author ... | PMC10657635 | ||
Declarations | PMC10657635 | |||
Ethics approval and consent to participate | Before beginning the study, ethical approval was obtained from the Research Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Egypt (#IRB NO:0312 − 10/2021) and registered at the National Institutes of Health (No. NCT05538559) on (14/09/2022). Informed consent from the parents and/or legal guardians ... | PMC10657635 | ||
Consent for publication | Consent for publication was obtained from the ethical committee of the Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, in accordance with legal regulations. Written informed consent was obtained from each parent or legal guardian. | PMC10657635 | ||
Competing interests | The authors declare no competing interests. | PMC10657635 | ||
References | PMC10657635 | |||
Methods | We screened a total of 637 cord blood samples from a double blinded randomized clinical trial on Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine (SP) and Dihydroartemisinin-Piperaquine (DP) IPTp in a Ugandan birth cohort; study conducted from Busia, Eastern Uganda. Luminex assay was used to measure the cord levels of IgG sub-types (IgG1, Ig... | PMC9946240 | ||
Results | Mothers on SP expressed higher levels of cord IgG4 against erythrocyte binding antigens (EBA140, EBA175 and EBA181) ( | PMC9946240 | ||
Conclusion | MALARIA | Malaria prophylaxis in pregnant mothers using either DP or SP does not affect expression of antibodies against | PMC9946240 | |
Data Availability | All relevant data are within the paper and its | PMC9946240 | ||
Introduction | malaria, malaria infections | MALARIA, REGRESSION, DISEASES | Pregnancy greatly changes the physiology of a woman and increases vulnerability to diseases such as malaria by lowering the immune system [Mothers from malaria endemic areas pass on immune IgG to their children [A study in Papua New Guinea randomized mothers into two groups of Sulfadoxine- Pyrimethamine-Azithromycin an... | PMC9946240 |
Materials and methods | PMC9946240 | |||
Study participants | BLOOD | Blood samples for the Neonates were collected from Masafu General Hospital (the main Referral health facility within Busia District). Pregnant mothers in the first trimester were enrolled from across 40 (forty) villages located within 30 Kms radius away from Masafu Hospital. Participants were drawn from the Sub-countie... | PMC9946240 | |
Participants and data collection | malaria | MALARIA | The samples for this study were obtained from a previous study done among pregnant mothers. Cord blood samples were screened to assess the levels of malaria specific antibodies. Details of participants’ demographics, socio-economic status and clinical information is contained in a published study. The current study obt... | PMC9946240 |
Sample collection for this study | BLOOD | Collection of the cord blood by the primary study took place at the time of delivery. Blood collection was done by a midwife, medical officer or obstetrician who conducted delivery or cesarian section. The blood was then centrifuged to obtain serum, archived at appropriate temperature until analysis. Archival was done ... | PMC9946240 | |
Laboratory procedures | PMC9946240 | |||
Preparation of buffer A | Buffer A was prepared following a method previously reported in a study by | PMC9946240 | ||
Preparation of buffer B | A method by [ | PMC9946240 | ||
Dilution of cord plasma and expression of | 693μls of buffer B was transferred into deep well plates using multi-channel pipette. 7μl plasma was then dispensed to the same well. The procedure was repeated for all plasma samples and mixed by shaking. The final sample dilution used was 1 in 100. Diluted samples were then incubated in buffer B over night at 4°C to ... | PMC9946240 | ||
Summary of the | A total of 16 recombinant | PMC9946240 | ||
Dilution of | A standard protocol was used to make the dilution [ | PMC9946240 | ||
MagPix multiplex bead array assay | malaria | MALARIA, SECONDARY | IgG sub-types 1–4 against 15 Using a multichannel pipette, 50μl of prepared plasma at a dilution of 1in1000 in buffer B and pooled hyper immune control (27 adults from malaria endemic areas) was added to the beads; two wells had PBS added in them as blanks. The plates were then put on a shaker at 600 rpm for 90 minutes... | PMC9946240 |
Luminex assay and quality assurance | malaria | MALARIA, POSITIVE | Luminex assay was done following modified manufacturer’s guidelines. Positive control plasma samples were obtained from 27 adults’ resident in malaria areas with known episodes of malaria and thought to be hyper immune. Negative controls samples were serum samples obtained from whole blood of 6 Caucasians from the Unit... | PMC9946240 |
Data analysis | REGRESSION | All Net fluorescence Index (Net MFI) were log transformed prior to analysis. Part of the net MFI was also normalized to minimize effects of extreme values on mean. Graphical representation using box plot was used to compare mean levels of cord IgG sub types against Only IgG specific to one antigen at a time was used in... | PMC9946240 | |
Ethical clearance | SBS | The primary study was approved by the Research and Ethics Committee, School of Biomedical Sciences, Makerere University College of Health Sciences; Uganda National Council for Science and Technology (SBS 114; | PMC9946240 | |
Results | PMC9946240 | |||
Characteristics of study participants | malaria | MALARIA | Over half, 51.8% of mothers screened positive for malaria at enrollment. Most, 51.3% of the children were female. Some, 8.2% of the newborn children had a low birth weight. The majority, 72%, of the pregnant mothers had | PMC9946240 |
Summary of key characteristics of study participants. | PMC9946240 | |||
Effects of IPT arm on cord levels of IgG sub-types | tetanus, t.t | TETANUS | Significant differences in the mean of the two groups for IgG1 was only noted with tetanus toxoid (t.t) ( | PMC9946240 |
Effects of mother’s IPT arm on cord levels of IgG sub-types. | (A) comparison for IgG1; DP versus SP; (B) comparison of the two groups for IgG2; (C) effects of IPT use on IgG3 cord level; (D) comparison of the effects of the two groups of prophylaxis on IgG4 (all Y axes are in log MFI). | PMC9946240 | ||
Association of placental malaria and malaria specific IgG antibodies | malaria | MALARIA | Placental malaria did not affect cord levels of different IgG sub-classes. This was done by comparing mean cord levels of mothers who were positive for placental malaria with the negative groups. The differences in cord levels of the various IgG sub-classes were evenly distributed among the two groups. For example, For... | PMC9946240 |
Effects of placental malaria on IgG sub-class cord expression. | malaria | MALARIA | (A) effects of placental malaria on IgG1 cord expression against | PMC9946240 |
Comparison of the risk of malaria for whole percentile versus 75 | The adjusted Hazard ratios for the 75 | PMC9946240 | ||
Hazard ratios of non-categorized percentile compared to 75 | PMC9946240 | |||
25 | Percentile plots of log transformed cord serum total IgG levels against Rh4.2, PfSEA, AMA1, GLURP, Etramp5Ag1 and EBA175 was done in excel. Values of 75 | PMC9946240 | ||
Percentile plot of cord blood total IgG levels against | PMC9946240 | |||
Risk of malaria among individual with different levels of expression of total IgG against selected | Increased levels (75 | PMC9946240 | ||
Cox regression model of effects of increased levels of expression of total IgG against Rh4.2 adjusted for selected non-IgG covariates on risk of malaria infections in the first birth year. | malaria, malaria infections | REGRESSION, MALARIA | A. B. Cox regression model of effects of increased levels of expression of total IgG against PfSEA adjusted for selected non-IgG covariates on risk of malaria infections in the first birth year. C. Cox regression model of effects of increased levels of expression of total IgG against Etramp5Ag1 adjusted for non-IgG cov... | PMC9946240 |
Discussion | malaria, infections, tetanus, malaria infection, bacterial infections | BACTERIAL INFECTIONS, MALARIA, INFECTIONS, REGRESSION, TETANUS | We found no significant differences in cord IgG sub-type levels in children whose mothers were on SP versus those on DP for most antigens. Significant differences were only noted for tetanus toxoid in IgG1 levels against all the erythrocyte binding antigens (EBA140, EBA175, EBA181) and IgG4 against merozoite surface pr... | PMC9946240 |
Limitation of the study | parasitemia, breast milk | SECONDARY, PARASITEMIA | Most children were breast feeding, so we could not account for IgG taken through breast milk. The roles of other cofounding such as IgGA in breast milk, lactoferritin in breast milk, and fetal Hemoglobin in clearing parasitemia were not adjusted for during this study. We had a challenge with deciding on the appropriate... | PMC9946240 |
Conclusion | MALARIA | Malaria prophylaxis in pregnant mothers using either DP or SP does not affect expression of antibodies against | PMC9946240 | |
Supporting information | malaria | MALARIA, MALARIA | (PDF)Click here for additional data file.(PDF)Click here for additional data file.(DO)Click here for additional data file.(DTA)Click here for additional data file.(DTA)Click here for additional data file.(DTA)Click here for additional data file.(DTA)Click here for additional data file.First, I want to thank Dr. Isaac S... | PMC9946240 |
1. Introduction | muscle mass, tumor, death, breast cancer, cancer, myalgias, carcinoma, tumors, arthralgias, fractures, osteoporosis-related, a malignant tumor, Cancer | TUMOR, BREAST CANCER, CANCER, DISEASE, BREAST CANCER, CARCINOMA, TUMORS, CANCER | This study examines both the effect of a twice-weekly combined exercise—1 h session of strength and 1 h session of impact-aerobic—on body composition and dietary habits after one year of treatment with aromatase inhibitors (AI) in breast cancer survivors. Overall, forty-three postmenopausal women with a BMI ≤ 35 kg/mBr... | PMC10049091 |
2. Materials and Methods | PMC10049091 | |||
2.1. Participants | drug addiction, alcoholism, hormone-dependent breast cancer, liver or kidney dysfunction, asthma, COPD | HEART DISEASE, DIABETES MELLITUS, CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE, COPD, JOINT DISORDERS, ASTHMA, ONCOLOGY, HYPOTHYROIDISM, HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE, OSTEOPOROSIS | This was a single-blind study that was undertaken for 5 years, from January 2012 to September 2017. A group of 43 postmenopausal women, aged 55–70 years, with a BMI of 19–35 kg/m², who had surgery for hormone-dependent breast cancer and treatment with chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy, and were about to begin treatment ... | PMC10049091 |
2.2. Procedure | ONCOLOGY | The CG and IG followed the usual medical supervision by the Service of Oncology and similar pharmacological treatment with AI and calcium (1000 mg/d) and vitamin D (20 µg/d) supplementation. During the time of the study, the IG followed a supervised training with two sessions per week: one session of odd-impact trainin... | PMC10049091 | |
2.3. Training Program | musculoskeletal soreness, injuries | COMPLICATIONS | The training was divided into five training cycles in which the load was progressively increased: one cycle of 3 weeks of familiarization and four cycles of 9–14 weeks of duration. Each training session lasted between 60 and 90 min. There were two weeks of a break during the study, at weeks 31–32. The odd-impact traini... | PMC10049091 |
2.4. Body Composition and Nutritional Status | muscle mass | The study of body composition involved body weight, muscle mass and fat tissue through anthropometric measurement of body weight, height, waist and arm circumferences, and triceps skinfold (TSF). From these data, we calculated the Body Mass Index (BMI, kg/m | PMC10049091 | |
2.5. Level of Physical Activity | The total level of physical activity was estimated in terms of metabolic equivalents (METs). We collected information about physical activity through a 17-item leisure time physical activity questionnaire, which provided valid and reproducible self-reported data [ | PMC10049091 | ||
2.6. Dietary Habits | The study of dietary habits was conducted by a trained nutritionist. It included the study of nutrient intake through non-consecutive 3-day food records [ | PMC10049091 | ||
2.7. Statistical Analyses | STATA statistical software package version 12.1 was used for the statistical analysis (StataCorp. (2011). Stata Statistical Software: Release 12 College Station, TX: StataCorp LP). On the one hand, two-sided analysis and a level of 5% using the | PMC10049091 | ||
3. Results | At baseline, no significant differences were found between volunteers in the CG and IG. The only exception was the level of physical activity, which was significantly higher in the CG ( | PMC10049091 | ||
3.1. Body Composition and Nutritional Status | At the end of the study, the IG showed a decrease in weight, subcutaneous fat measured by the triceps skinfold (TSF), and waist circumference, associated with a decrease in abdominal fat, both subcutaneous (SAT) and visceral (VAT). Furthermore, the decrease of two points in PG-SGA is interpreted as an improvement in th... | PMC10049091 | ||
3.2. Physical Activity Level | At baseline, the participants in the CG presented a higher level of physical activity than those in the IG. However, after one year of follow-up, we observed a clear tendency to a decrease in the total physical activity level of the CG (−11.8 METs/h/week; | PMC10049091 | ||
3.3. Dietary Habits | According to SENC guidelines [After one year of follow-up, no changes in caloric intake and macronutrient intake were observed in any of the two groups of the study ( | PMC10049091 | ||
4. Discussion | PMC10049091 | |||
4.1. Body Composition and Nutritional Status | muscle mass, death, cardiovascular disease, breast cancer, fat loss, Thomas, VAT loss, weight loss | CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE, BREAST CANCER | The main finding of this study was that a twice-weekly training program combining one session of impact-aerobic exercise and one of resistance training in women treated with breast cancer with AI led to significant weight and fat weight loss, total fat loss, and decreased waist circumference, associated with a signific... | PMC10049091 |
4.2. Lifestyle: Physical Activity Level and Dietary Habits | cardiometabolic diseases, cancer, breast cancer death | CANCER, ADVERSE EFFECT | The 2018 American Physical Activity Guide showed that regular recreational physical activity is associated with a decrease in the risk of breast cancer death and mortality from any other cause [Dietary habits can also play a relevant role in body composition and the risk of cardiometabolic diseases [In our study, altho... | PMC10049091 |
4.3. Limitations of the Study | The main study limitation was the magnitude of the trial, which limited the ability to draw strong conclusions. Other limitations were the differences in physical activity between the groups before enrollment, but it was a description of the real physical activity of volunteers, not related to the practice of any progr... | PMC10049091 | ||
5. Conclusions | weight loss diet or dietary advice, breast cancer | BREAST CANCER | This study shows that a twice-weekly training program combining one session of impact-aerobic exercise and one session of resistance exercise improved the body composition in postmenopausal women treated for breast cancer with AIs. After one year, without a concomitant weight loss diet or dietary advice, women in the e... | PMC10049091 |
Supplementary Materials | The following supporting information can be downloaded at: Click here for additional data file. | PMC10049091 | ||
Author Contributions | Conceptualization, N.P.S., F.I., J.I.-S. and M.G.-U.; data curation, N.P.S. and M.G.-U.; formal analysis, S.M.-S.; funding acquisition, M.G.-U. and J.I.-S.; investigation, N.P.S., F.I., J.I.-S. and M.G.-U.; methodology, N.P.S., F.I., J.I.-S. and M.G.-U.; project administration and supervision, J.I.-S.; resources, N.P.S... | PMC10049091 | ||
Institutional Review Board Statement | This study was conducted according to the guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki and all procedures involving research study participants were approved by the Clinical Research Ethics Committee of Navarra (CEIC, No. 71/11). | PMC10049091 | ||
Informed Consent Statement | Written informed consent was obtained from all subjects involved in the study. Written informed consent has been obtained from the patients to publish this paper. | PMC10049091 | ||
Data Availability Statement | The data presented in this study are available in | PMC10049091 | ||
Conflicts of Interest | The authors declare no conflict of interest. The sponsors had no role in the design, execution, interpretation, or writing of the study. | PMC10049091 | ||
References | Flow chart. The flow of participants throughout the study protocol. Notes: IC—intervention group; CG—control group; n—number of participants.Changes in the body composition and nutritional status after twelve months of study. * Significant difference (Pre-intervention (Baseline characteristics and body composition of t... | PMC10049091 | ||
Background | EMERGENCY | As unplanned Emergency Department (ED) return visits (URVs) are associated with adverse health outcomes in older adults, many EDs have initiated post-discharge interventions to reduce URVs. Unfortunately, most interventions fail to reduce URVs, including telephone follow-up after ED discharge, investigated in a recent ... | PMC10193595 | |
Methods | Data was used from a randomized controlled trial, investigating whether telephone follow-up after ED discharge reduced URVs compared to a satisfaction survey call. Only observational data from control group patients were used. Patient and index ED visit characteristics were compared between patients with and without UR... | PMC10193595 | ||
Results | dyspnea | Of the 1659 patients, 222 (13.4%) had at least one URV within 30 days. Male sex, ED visit in the 30 days before the index ED visit, triage category “urgent”, longer length of ED stay, urinary tract problems, and dyspnea were associated with URVs. Of the 222 patients with an URV, 31 (14%) returned for patient-related re... | PMC10193595 | |
Conclusion | As the majority of patients had an URV for illness-related reasons or new complaints, these data fuel the discussion as to whether URVs can or should be prevented. | PMC10193595 | ||
Trial registration | For this cohort study, we used data from a randomized controlled trial (RCT). This trial was pre-registered in the Netherlands Trial Register with number NTR6815 on the 7 | PMC10193595 | ||
Supplementary Information | The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12877-023-04021-x. | PMC10193595 | ||
Keywords | PMC10193595 | |||
Introduction | EMERGENCY | With demographic change, there is an increase in Emergency Department (ED) presentations by patients aged 70 years and older worldwide [Many post-ED discharge intervention programs are focused on older patients at high risk for hospital return. However, prediction tools that have been developed to identify patients at ... | PMC10193595 | |
Methods | PMC10193595 | |||
Study design and setting | For this study, we used data from a pragmatic randomized controlled trial (RCT). The research question of this RCT was whether a telephone follow-up call reduces unplanned hospitalizations and URVs within 30 days of ED discharge, compared to a satisfaction survey call. The trial was conducted in the EDs of Haaglanden M... | PMC10193595 | ||
Patients | For this study, only observational data from control group patients were used to exclude a possible effect of the intervention telephone follow-up call. Patients aged ≥ 70 years who were discharged from one of the EDs of HMC to an unassisted living environment were eligible for inclusion. Exclusion criteria were: admis... | PMC10193595 |
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