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Ethical Approval
This study was approved by the institutional review board and retrospectively registered at
PMC9851777
Conflicts of Interest
The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest.
PMC9851777
Supplementary Materials
drowsiness, Pain, postoperative nausea and vomiting, pain, PONV
REGRESSION, POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS
Supplementary material: the supplementary material was the raw data of this study.Click here for additional data file.The CONSORT study participant flow diagram.(a) Pain score at rest. (b) Pain score upon movement. (c) Pain score upon movement in the combination group. (d) Cumulative dose of sufentanil. (e) High-sensit...
PMC9851777
Keywords
PMC10689247
Malaria elimination and control over the past decades
Malaria
PARASITIC DISEASE, MALARIA
Malaria is a parasitic disease transmitted by infected
PMC10689247
Rethinking malaria
malaria
MALARIA
High- and low-burden countries require different approaches to increase the impact of malaria-related interventions. Value-based health services delivery is a relatively new key term for sub-national tailoring of malaria control strategies in line with the needs of local communities
PMC10689247
CHW as an extension of health care- and surveillance systems
malaria
MALARIA, DISEASE, DISEASES
An important factor contributing to preventable malaria morbidity and mortality, as well as morbidity and mortality from other preventable diseases is a lack of access to the healthcare system CHWs often are lay people trained on program-specific health care interventions. Due to their access to hard-to-reach communiti...
PMC10689247
Community health workers in clinical research
RECRUITMENT
In research, CHWs can be deployed to improve post-hospital outcomes or adherence to routine medical interventions An equally important basis for the successful conduct of clinical research projects is a trusting relationship between CHWs and communities. As CHWs often live in the communities they serve, CHW-centered re...
PMC10689247
Importance of adequate training
An important prerequisite for a functional collaboration with and inclusion of CHWs into the health care system is provision of adequate protocols and training [
PMC10689247
The role of CHW in the CANTAM-
malaria, HIV or viral hepatitis
MALARIA
The CANTAM-The trial was conducted at six centers in five African countries with the main objective to assess the safety of PA in malaria patients with underlying liver function abnormalities, comorbidities like HIV or viral hepatitis, and in children under 1 year of age To evaluate safety and real-world effectiveness,...
PMC10689247
Community health worker training and participant follow-up in the CANTAM-
bleeding, contusions, nausea;, fatigue, fever, malaria, stomachache, faintness, hepatotoxicity, Hypersensitivity, rash, jaundice, pruritus, breathlessness, ill, flushing
BLEEDING, ADVERSE EVENTS, MALARIA, HYPERSENSITIVITY, LOSS OF APPETITE, REMISSION, MALARIA, EVENTS, HYPERSENSITIVITY
To neither jeopardize participants’ reporting behavior nor overlook important safety signals, continuous training was paramount for CHWs to remain alert of their responsibilities. Training was given during the site initiation visit and included an explanation of material and procedures as well as role play. Role plays ...
PMC10689247
Other examples of community health workers-centered research
CHW-centered approaches are also being implemented by other research projects and surveillance programs. An example of a CHW-centered research project is the MiMBa Pregnancy Registry to assess the safety of antimalarial use in pregnancy
PMC10689247
Conclusion
malaria
MALARIA
CHW involvement can be key to targeting hard-to-reach and vulnerable populations and constitutes a crucial role in malaria control and elimination in sub-Saharan Africa. In the CANTAM-The CANTAM-
PMC10689247
Declarations of competing interest
MALARIA
IBF and SD are full-time employees at Medicines for Malaria Venture, JS is a full-time employee at Shin-Poong Pharmaceutical and SAB is a consultant paid by Shin-Poong Pharmaceutical. The other authors declare no conflict of interest.
PMC10689247
References
PMC10689247
Funding
MALARIA
This work was supported by Medicines for Malaria Venture (MMV), Geneva, Switzerland. A full list of donors to MMV is available on its website [
PMC10689247
Ethical approval
Ethical approval was not required for this manuscript.
PMC10689247
Author contributions
Conceptualization: IBF, SAB, MG, SD, GMN; Data curation: not applicable; Formal analysis: not applicable; Funding acquisition: SD, IBF, JS, SAB; Investigation: MG; Methodology: MG, IBF, SD, GMN; Project administration: SD, MG, FN, AAA, GTL, GMN, SBA, JDB, NYN; Resources: SD, IBF, SAB, JS, PGK, FN, AAA, GTL, GMN, SBA, J...
PMC10689247
Purpose
advanced/metastatic
ASTRIS study aimed the largest to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of second- or higher-line osimertinib in patients with advanced/metastatic epidermal growth factor receptor (
PMC10423102
Methods
Adults with
PMC10423102
Results
TTD
EVENTS, ADVERSE EVENT
A total of 1350 patients were included. Response rate was 55.7% (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.53–0.58). The median PFS and the median TTD were 11.7 months (95% CI 11.1–12.5) and 13.9 months (95% CI 13.1–15.2), respectively. Overall, 389 patients (28.8%) had at least one protocol-specified adverse event (AE); AEs of i...
PMC10423102
Conclusion
T790M-positive NSCLC
EVENTS
Osimertinib was effective in Chinese patients with T790M-positive NSCLC who had progressed after first- or second-generation EGFR-TKI in real-word setting and the results were consistent with ASTRIS study overall population and AURA studies. No new safety signals or events were identified.
PMC10423102
Clinical trial number
NCT02474355.
PMC10423102
Keywords
PMC10423102
Introduction
NSCLC, deaths, Lung cancer
LUNG CANCER, NSCLC
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, with a mortality rate of 18% (Sung et al. Epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) are the recommended first-line treatment strategy for patients with advanced NSCLC harboring the Osimertinib is an oral, irreversible EGF...
PMC10423102
Materials and methods
PMC10423102
Study design
ASTRIS is an open-label, single-arm, multinational, real-world study. The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board/Ethics Committee and conducted in accordance with the International Conference on Harmonization Good Clinical Practice guidelines, the Declaration of Helsinki, local regulatory requirements, an...
PMC10423102
Participants
NSCLC, ILD
INTERSTITIAL LUNG DISEASE, SYSTEMIC DISEASE, NSCLC, CNS METASTASES
Chinese adults (≥ 18 years) with locally advanced (stage IIIB) or metastatic (stage IV) NSCLC (based on TNM staging, AJCC 7th edition), WHO performance status (PS) score of 0–2, confirmed T790M mutation and who had received prior EGFR-TKI therapy in any treatment line were included in the study. Patients with asymptoma...
PMC10423102
Interventions
Patients were given 80 mg osimertinib orally once daily and were continued on treatment if they still receiving clinical benefit, as judged by the investigator.
PMC10423102
Study outcomes and endpoints
death, TTD
ADVERSE EVENTS, EVENTS
The effectiveness and safety data were collected at the treatment visit (every 6 weeks) and termination visit (30 days post last dose). The outcomes included investigator-assessed response rate, PFS, time-to-treatment discontinuation (TTD) and safety profile. This study only collected the incidence of protocol-defined ...
PMC10423102
Statistical analysis
TTD
ADVERSE EVENT
All time-to-event outcomes and safety analyses were performed on the full analysis set (FAS) that included all patients receiving at least one dose of osimertinib. The response rate analyses were assessed on the response evaluable set, defined as those patients in the FAS who had at least one documented response assess...
PMC10423102
Results
PMC10423102
Progression-Free survival
death
DISEASE PROGRESSION
Disease progression or death was reported in 1059 patients (78.4%). The median PFS was 11.7 months (95% CI 11.1–12.5) for the overall population. The median PFS by tissue testing and plasma testing was 13.1 months (95% CI 12.5–13.8) and 10.0 months (95% CI 9.5–11.0), respectively (Fig. Kaplan-Meir plot for PFS in
PMC10423102
Clinical response rate
T790M-positive
CNS METASTASES
Response evaluation was available from 1322 patients; of them, 736 patients (55.7%) had an investigator-assessed best overall response as “responding” (95% CI 52.9–58.4). The response rate in patients with T790M-positive status by tissue testing and plasma testing was 60.4% (95% CI 56.9–63.9) and 48.9% (95% CI 44.6–53....
PMC10423102
Time to treatment discontinuation
T790M-positive, TTD
Of 1350 enrolled patients, 349 patients (25.9%) transitioned to the commercial drug at the time of national reimbursement; the remaining 1001 patients (74.1%) discontinued the treatment, with a median TTD of 13.9 months (95% CI 13.1–15.2). The median TTD in patients with T790M-positive status by tissue testing and plas...
PMC10423102
Discussion
CNS METASTASES
This study aimed to assess the effectiveness and safety of second-line or higher osimertinib in a real-world setting in patients with The median PFS observed in our study was 11.7 months (95% CI 11.1–12.5), which was comparable with that reported in ASTRIS global population (Marinis et al. The effectiveness was also an...
PMC10423102
Acknowledgements
The authors thank all the patients and their families, investigators, trial staff, and participants of the study. The authors also thank Dr. Tanushree Goswami and Dr. Ramandeep Singh from Indegene Pvt. Ltd. for providing medical writing and editorial services in accordance with Good Publication Practice (GPP3) guidelin...
PMC10423102
Author contributions
W-LZ, C-YZ
QZ conceptualization, methodology, and writing-review and editing. H-LZ writing-review and editing. L-YJ writing-review and editing. Y-KS writing-review and editing. YC Writing-review and editing. J-MY writing-review and editing. C-CZ writing-review and editing. YH writing-review and editing. Y-PH writing-review and ed...
PMC10423102
Funding
This study was supported by AstraZeneca (Södertälje, Sweden).
PMC10423102
Data availability
The datasets that were used and analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding authors on reasonable request.
PMC10423102
Declarations
PMC10423102
Conflict of interest
ONCOLOGY
QZ reports honoraria from AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, BMS, Eli Lilly, MSD, Pfizer, Roche, and Sanofi. C–C Z reports personal fees from Lily China, Sanofi, BI, Roche China, MSD, Qilu, Hengrui, Innovent Biologics, C-stone, LUYE Pharma, TopAlliance Biosciences Inc, Amoy Diagnostics. SL received research support and...
PMC10423102
Ethical approval
The study was conducted in accordance with the International Conference on Harmonization Good Clinical Practice guidelines, the Declaration of Helsinki, local regulatory requirements, and the policy on bioethics and human biologic samples of AstraZeneca.
PMC10423102
Consent to participate
Informed consent was obtained from all the participants included in the study.
PMC10423102
Consent to publish
Not applicable.
PMC10423102
References
PMC10423102
Purpose
postoperative pain, Femoral nerve block
Femoral nerve block (FNB) is widely used in patients undergoing knee arthroscopy. However, the most commonly used concentration of ropivacaine (0.2% or above) may cause an unexpected decrease in the muscle strength of the quadriceps. Therefore, a lower concentration of ropivacaine (0.1%) for FNB was administered to inv...
PMC10598127
Methods
knee mobility, NRS, pain
REGRESSION
This was a double-blind, randomized, controlled trial (ChiCTR2000041404). A total of 83 patients scheduled for elective knee arthroscopy were randomized to receive 0.1% or 0.2% ropivacaine for FNB under ultrasound guidance. The primary outcomes were quadriceps strength and numerical rating scale (NRS) pain score. Quadr...
PMC10598127
Results
The mean (SD) quadriceps strength at 6 h after surgery was 7.5 (5.7) kg for the 0.1% ropivacaine group and 3.0 (4.4) kg for the 0.2% ropivacaine group. The mean difference adjusted for baseline characteristics was − 5.2 (95% CI − 7.2 to − 3.1) kg (
PMC10598127
Conclusions
Compared with 0.2% ropivacaine, 0.1% ropivacaine for FNB preserved quadriceps strength at 6 h after knee arthroscopy while providing similar analgesic effects.
PMC10598127
Level of evidence
I.
PMC10598127
Keywords
PMC10598127
Introduction
Postoperative pain, arthroplasty
Postoperative pain after knee arthroscopy and arthroplasty is a main factor affecting the early postoperative joint mobility and rehabilitation of patients [Ropivacaine is a pure S (-) isomer named S-(-)-1-propyl-2′,6′-pipecoloxylidide hydrochloride monohydrate. It has a pKa of 8.07 in 0.1 M KCl solution, which is appr...
PMC10598127
Materials and methods
PMC10598127
Study design and participants
ligament rupture, knee pain, trauma
CHRONIC PAIN
This blinded randomized study was approved by the Ethical Committee of the Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China (No. SHSY-IEC-KY-4.0/19-79/01) and was registered with a clinical trials registry (ChiCTR2000041404). Written informed consent was obtained from all patients. This study was conducted between Jul...
PMC10598127
Randomization
Using computer-generated random sequence tables and sealed envelopes, patients were randomized to one of two groups: 0.1% ropivacaine or 0.2% ropivacaine. The envelopes, which contained the prepared local anaesthetics for FNB and a computer-generated number, were opened just before the surgery when the patients arrived...
PMC10598127
Anaesthesia and surgical procedure
femoral nerve block
All surgeries were performed according to the standard hospital protocol. Before the induction of general anaesthesia, patients in the 0.1% ropivacaine group received 20 ml of 1 mg/ml ropivacaine, while patients in the 0.2% ropivacaine group received 20 ml of 2 mg/ml ropivacaine for ultrasound-guided femoral nerve bloc...
PMC10598127
Outcomes
NRS pain, pain
Data collection, including conducting all functional tests, was performed by blinded research assistants. The primary outcomes were NRS pain score and quadriceps strength. NRS pain score (0 = no pain and 10 = worst possible pain) was assessed before the operation, at the PACU, and 6 h and 24 h after the operation. The ...
PMC10598127
Statistical analysis
NRS
Forty participants were needed to reach significance with a power of 85% and an alpha error of 0.025 when the noninferiority margin of the NRS was set to 0.5 and the standard deviation (SD) was set to 1. Taking patient withdrawal and other reasons for loss to follow-up during the study period into consideration, 45 par...
PMC10598127
Discussion
postoperative pain, fascia iliaca block, Postoperative pain, nerve block, pain, NRS
HAND INFECTION, LOCAL INFILTRATION
The most important finding of the present study was that 0.1% ropivacaine for FNB showed less impact on quadriceps strength at 6 h after knee arthroscopy. Effective pain management and early mobilization are crucial for patients following knee surgery [Various types of regional anaesthesia, including FNB, ACB, fascia i...
PMC10598127
Conclusions
Compared with 0.2% ropivacaine, 0.1% ropivacaine for FNB had less effect on quadriceps strength at 6 h after knee arthroscopy, while the analgesic effects of the two doses were equivalent within 24 h.
PMC10598127
Acknowledgements
The authors thank Yingyi Qin (Ph.D., department of Military Health Statistics, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China), statistical and methodological consultant, for his advice and assistance in the statistical analyses. The authors also thank Biao Chen (M.D., Ph.D., department of orthopaedics, Tongji Hospital, Sha...
PMC10598127
Author contributions
TZ conceived of this project, performed study design and conception, assisted with analysing data, and wrote the manuscript. TZ helped devise the statistical analysis plan, interpreted the data, and wrote the manuscript. XN helped obtain data, analyse the data, and reviewed and edited the manuscript. LL helped obtain t...
PMC10598127
Funding
This work was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (82201362) to Tingting Zhang, and Clinical Research Project from Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital (YNCR2C024) to Xiaoyin Niu and (SHYCS03) to Xuan Zhao.
PMC10598127
Declarations
PMC10598127
Conflict of interest
The author(s) declare that they have no competing interests.
PMC10598127
Ethical approval
This study was approved by the Ethical Committee of the Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China (No. SHSY-IEC-KY-4.0/19-79/01), and was registered with a clinical trials registry (
PMC10598127
Informed consent
Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in this study.
PMC10598127
References
PMC10598127
Aims
Lazarus [Lazarus and Folkman in Stress
The aim of this study was to investigate whether shifting the focus to solution orientation and developing coping strategies for common errors could increase the efficiency of laparoscopic training and influence learning motivation. The concept of coping has been particularly defined by the psychologist Richard Lazarus...
PMC10156798
Methods
55 laparoscopically naive medical students learned a standardized laparoscopic knot tying technique with video-based instructions. The control group was only offered a mastery video that showed the ideal technique and was free from mistakes. The intervention group was instructed on active error analysis and watched fre...
PMC10156798
Results
There was no statistically significant difference between the intervention and control groups for number of knot tying attempts until proficiency was reached (18.8 ± 5.5 vs. 21.3 ± 6.5,
PMC10156798
Conclusion
COMPLICATIONS
Using video-based learning of coping strategies for common errors improves learning motivation and understanding of the technique with a significant difference in its qualitative implementation in laparoscopy training. The ability to think in a solution-oriented, independent way is necessary in surgery in order to reco...
PMC10156798
Supplementary Information
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00464-023-09969-w.
PMC10156798
Keywords
Open Access funding enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL.Laparoscopic suturing and knot tying is a complex skill to learn and is a key competence for many basic and advanced laparoscopic surgical procedures [A widely used instructional approach in laparoscopy training is 1:1 instruction and supervision by an expert [A...
PMC10156798
Materials and methods
PMC10156798
Setting and participants
This study was conducted as part of a voluntary elective course for medical students in the clinical part of their studies at Heidelberg University. This study took place in the training center for MIS of the Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery at Heidelberg University Hospital. Only laparoscopi...
PMC10156798
Study design
mistakes
In this randomized controlled monocentric study, subjects were assigned to either the control or intervention group. Both groups learned laparoscopic suturing and knot tying in teams of two by video-based instructions. The intervention group was provided with laparoscopic suturing and knot tying instruction videos with...
PMC10156798
Materials
Tissue damage, ‟Needle
PAD, BITE
The study was performed on a Szabo–Berci–Sackier box trainer and a standard laparoscopy tower (KARL STORZ GmbH & Co. KG, Tuttlingen, Germany). Participants sutured with two laparoscopic needle holders and a braided, absorbable Polysorb 3-0 suture with CV-25 cone ½ 22-mm needle (Medtronic Minimally Invasive Therapies TM...
PMC10156798
Ethical considerations
The study protocol was approved by the institutional ethics committee at Heidelberg Faculty of Medicine (S-436/2018) and informed consent was obtained from every participant.
PMC10156798
Statistical analysis
All continuous data are presented as mean values with standard deviation and were compared using Mann–Whitney
PMC10156798
Results
anxiety
SECONDARY
A total of 60 participants were recruited for the study. 55 were included in the analysis. Two participants did not meet the inclusion criteria. Three additional participants dropped out during the study and thus were not analyzed. Both groups showed similar demographic distribution (Table Baseline characteristicsMean ...
PMC10156798
Discussion
In the present randomized controlled study, the use of video-based learning of coping strategies for common errors in laparoscopy training [Video-based learning of coping strategies for common errors did not reduce total training time but significantly improved technical implementation of laparoscopic suturing and knot...
PMC10156798
Limitations
In contrast to the mastery video, the coping videos were only available from a right-handed perspective. The influence of this circumstance remains questionable, since the focus of the coping videos was on individual technical errors and not on the overall motion sequence. In addition, a total of only four left-handers...
PMC10156798
Conclusion
The use of video-based training for coping strategies for common errors resulted in improved implementation of the knot tying technique, but the total training duration could not be reduced. The motivation to learn, especially the interest in the task, was increased. Understanding of the technique and subjective confid...
PMC10156798
Author contributions
FN, FL, AG, and MS contributed to conception and design. FL, AG, and CW contributed to acquisition of data. AG, FN, MW, and FL contributed to analysis and interpretation of data. FL and AG contributed to preparation of manuscript and graphics. FN, EW, MS, MW, and BPM-S contributed to critical reviewing.
PMC10156798
Funding
Open Access funding enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL.
PMC10156798
Declarations
PMC10156798
Disclosures
P.
SCHMIDT
Franziska Lang, Annabelle Sofia Gerhäuser, Caroline Wild, Erica Wennberg, Mona Schmidt, Martin Wagner, Beat P. Müller-Stich, and Felix Nickel have no conflicts of interest or financial ties to disclose.
PMC10156798
References
PMC10156798
Objective
To assess the impact of different vertical positions on lung aeration in patients receiving invasive mechanical ventilation.
PMC10802776
Methods
An open-label randomized crossover clinical trial was conducted between January and July 2020. Adults receiving invasive mechanical ventilation for > 24 hours and < 7 days with hemodynamic, respiratory and neurological stability were randomly assigned at a 1:1 ratio to the sitting position followed by passive orthostas...
PMC10802776
Results
orthostasis
A total of 186 subjects were screened; of these subjects, 19 were enrolled (57.8% male; mean age, 73.2 years). All participants were assigned to receive at least one verticalization protocol. Passive orthostasis resulted in mean lung ultrasound scores that did not differ significantly from the sitting position (11.0
PMC10802776
Conclusion
orthostasis
This analysis did not find significant differences in lung aeration between the sitting and passive orthostasis groups. A randomized crossover clinical trial assessing the impact of vertical positioning on lung aeration in patients receiving invasive mechanical ventilation is feasible. Unfortunately, the study was inte...
PMC10802776
INTRODUCTION
critically ill, ventilator-associated lung aeration/perfusion, neuromuscular damage
CRITICALLY ILL
Invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV), despite saving lives in the intensive care unit (ICU), may result in neuromuscular damage and represents a risk factor for developing ventilator-associated lung aeration/perfusion and impairment of respiratory system function.Body positioning is associated with lung ventilation (a...
PMC10802776
METHODS
arrhythmia
MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA, ARRHYTHMIA
The present study was designed as an open-label, randomized, crossover, two-center clinical trial to assess the impact of different vertical positions on lung aeration in hospitalized ICU patients receiving IMV. Patients were enrolled from January to July 2020 and followed from the medical-surgical ICUs of All consecut...
PMC10802776
Randomization, washout, and blinding
orthostasis
Subjects were randomized at a 1:1 ratio to one of two verticalization groups: the sitting position followed by passive orthostasis group or the passive orthostasis followed by the sitting position group. Participants were randomized on the same day they were deemed to be suited to participate in the study. Randomizatio...
PMC10802776
Outcomes
bradycardia, tachycardia, arrhythmia, orthostasis, agitation, hypotension, tachypnea, hypertension, loss of lung aeration
LUNG, ARRHYTHMIA, ADVERSE EVENTS, LUNG CONSOLIDATION, HYPERTENSION
The primary outcome was lung aeration assessed using the lung ultrasound score (LUS) at the end of each verticalization protocol (sitting position and passive orthostasis), while the patients were in the vertical position. The LUS was also measured at 3 additional time points to assess the consistency of the findings: ...
PMC10802776
Sample size
Thirty-six subjects were required to achieve a power of 90% to detect an absolute mean difference (MD) in the LUS of 2.0 points (standard deviation - SD, 3.5 points)
PMC10802776
Statistical analysis
SECONDARY
Baseline categorical variables are described as absolute and relative frequencies, while baseline quantitative variables are expressed as the mean and SD or median and interquartile range (IQR). Subjects were analyzed according to their randomization group, regardless of the treatment they received. Data distribution w...
PMC10802776