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Comparison of outcomes by ASGE grade of complexity
The median time of completion was significantly shorter (20.0 vs. 35.0 minutes;
PMC10684334
Comparison of outcomes by ASGE grade of complexity (n = 536)
ASGE, American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy; ERCP, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography.15 cases (2.9 %) were duodenoscope-based procedures not included in the ASGE grading system.Excludes one crossover case that did not have an ASGE grade. The median rating of overall satisfaction with the performa...
PMC10684334
Comparison of outcomes for expert versus less expert endoscopists
ERCPs performed by expert and less expert endoscopists were similar with respect to completion rate (96.3 % [444/461] vs. 94.4 % [85/90], respectively;
PMC10684334
Comparison of outcomes by endoscopist level of experience.
ERCP, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography.
PMC10684334
Comparison of outcomes by prior sphincterotomy
On comparison with cases with at least one prior sphincterotomy, cases with no prior sphincterotomy had a higher median total procedural time (25.0 vs. 21.0 minutes;
PMC10684334
Related serious adverse events
Of the 551 enrolled patients, 43 (7.8 %, 95 %CI 5.7 %–10.4 %) experienced at least one SAE related to the device or procedure within a median (range) of 1 (0–28) days post-procedure (
PMC10684334
Serious adverse events that occurred by 30 days after ERCP (n = 551 total).
hemorrhage, post-ERCP pancreatitis, perforation, COPD
ADVERSE EVENTS, CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE, COPD, HEMORRHAGE, ACUTE PANCREATITIS, DILATION
PEPFatal acute pancreatitisERCP, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography; PEP, post-ERCP pancreatitis; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.Each patient had one or more of the listed serious adverse events; rows are not mutually exclusive.The overall rate of related SAEs that were fatal in our study was 0...
PMC10684334
Discussion
infection
INFECTION
In this largest global study of a single-use duodenoscope, endoscopists with varying levels of experience had high procedural success in ERCPs, one-third of which were high complexity cases. The median performance ratings were high for this device. SAEs were in the expected range, based on the published safety data fo...
PMC10684334
Data sharing
The data, analytic methods, and study materials for this study may be made available to other researchers in accordance with the Boston Scientific Data Sharing Policy (
PMC10684334
References
PMC10684334
1. Introduction
blood diseases, fatigue, liver damage, Fatigue, chronic liver damage
BLOOD DISEASES, LIVER DAMAGE, IMMUNODEFICIENCY
Academic Editor: Lalit Batra Fatigue research focuses on the performance of athletes who require high performance. Fatigue is caused by the accumulation of lactic acid and ammonia in the blood during exercise, resulting in a negative correlation with exercise ability [High-intensity exercise also affects liver function...
PMC10328733
2. Materials and Methods
PMC10328733
2.1. Participants
The sample size of 18 participants was calculated using G
PMC10328733
2.2. Study Design
musculoskeletal disease
MUSCULOSKELETAL DISEASE, HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE, HEART DISEASE
This study was set as a randomized controlled trial to confirm the effect of SMS intake for 4 weeks. The study was double-blinded to increase the data reliability. Study participants were instructed not to exercise excessively the day before the measurements. A basic medical questionnaire was issued to assess whether t...
PMC10328733
2.3. SMS Preparation
PMC10328733
2.4. Blood Sampling
IGGT
BLOOD, LIVER
Blood samples were taken twice before and after exercise to analyze the measurement variables. All study participants were asked to fast for at least 10 hr before measurements. Between 8 and 9 AM, 10 mL of blood was collected from the forearm vein. The collected blood was placed in an ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid-tr...
PMC10328733
2.5. Statistical Analysis
fatigue
All data were analyzed using IBM SPSS 27.0. The data are presented as the mean and standard deviation. Two-way analysis of variance was performed with treatment (SMS and placebo) and time (before exercise and after exercise) as independent variables to investigate the effect of SMS intake on fatigue substances, liver f...
PMC10328733
3. Results
PMC10328733
3.1. Effects of SMS Intake on Fatigue-Related Substances during High-Intensity Exercise
PMC10328733
3.2. Effects of SMS Intake on Liver Function during High-Intensity Exercise
PMC10328733
3.3. Effects of SMS Intake on Immune Function during High-Intensity Exercise
PMC10328733
3.4. Correlation between Changes in Measurement Variables
PMC10328733
4. Discussion
fatigue, upper respiratory tract infections, muscle contraction, respiratory diseases, IgA, skeletal muscle fatigue, Continuous muscle contraction
RESPIRATORY DISEASE, OXIDATIVE STRESS, UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS
We confirmed the correlation between fatigue (ammonia and lactic acid), liver function (ALT and AST), and immunity (IgA, IgG, and IgM) variables by analyzing changes between treatments (SMS or placebo control), time, and time × treatment interaction to determine whether SMS intake can protect and/or improve the negativ...
PMC10328733
Acknowledgments
The authors would like to thank the researchers for their expertise throughout the testing procedures and the players and staff of the tennis team in the Republic of Korea for their hard work and cooperation throughout the study.
PMC10328733
Data Availability
The (DATA TYPE) data used to support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon request.
PMC10328733
Conflicts of Interest
The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.Study design. Twenty participants, excluding dropouts, were randomly assigned to either the SMS (Effect of The effects of Effect of Correlation of changes in fatigue-related substances, liver function variables, and immunoglobulins. All data are significantly ...
PMC10328733
Background
eating and emotional eating, eating behaviour traits
ADIPOSITY
Previous studies demonstrated a relation between takeaway outlet exposure and health outcomes. Individual characteristics, such as eating behaviour traits, could make some people more susceptible to the influence of the food environment. Few studies have investigated this topic. We aimed to investigate the moderating r...
PMC10212760
Methods
eating behaviour traits
We used cross-sectional data from a cohort in Cambridgeshire, UK (The Fenland study). Takeaway outlet exposure was derived using participants’ residential address and data from local authorities and divided into quarters. The Three Factor Eating questionnaire (TFEQ-R18) was used to measure eating behaviour traits. Prim...
PMC10212760
Results
Mean age of participants (
PMC10212760
Conclusion
Eating behaviour traits
Eating behaviour traits and exposure to takeaway outlets were associated with greater takeaway consumption and body fat, but evidence that individuals with certain traits are more susceptible to takeaway outlets was weak. The findings indicate that interventions at both the individual and environmental levels are neede...
PMC10212760
Trial registry
ISRCTN72077169
PMC10212760
Subject terms
PMC10212760
Introduction
obesity, eating behaviour traits
OBESITY, ADIPOSITY
The obesogenic environment has been defined as the “sum of the influences that the surroundings, opportunities or conditions of life have on promoting obesity in individuals and populations” [While the evidence base is generally inconclusive [Despite the presence of high numbers of takeaway outlets in their environment...
PMC10212760
Methods
PMC10212760
Study sample
Between 2005 and 2015, adults born between 1950 and 1975 were recruited to the Fenland Study from the population-based registers of general practices in Cambridgeshire, the UK [
PMC10212760
Exposure
The exposure of interest was the number of takeaway outlets within the residential neighbourhood, defined as a 1 mile radius around participants’ home address [
PMC10212760
Outcomes
adiposity
SECONDARY, ADIPOSITY
Two primary outcomes were used; consumption of energy dense “takeaway foods” which can be commonly obtained from takeaway food outlets, and adiposity, which in the present analyses were expressed as body fat percentage from dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) measurement. We included both takeaway-like food consump...
PMC10212760
Moderators
eating behaviour traits
As eating behaviour traits were introduced part way through the Fenland Study, this was only available in a sub-sample of the Fenland Study cohort (
PMC10212760
Covariates
We included covariates that were hypothesized to be associated with both takeaway outlet exposure as well as the outcomes but not on the causal pathway. Covariates captured in the Fenland Study general lifestyle questionnaire included sex, age, age at completion of full time education, occupation social class (categori...
PMC10212760
Statistical analyses
We reported sample characteristics using the mean (SD) for normally distributed continuous variables, and median (IQR) for skewed continuous variables. We reported sample characteristics for categorical variables as Figure
PMC10212760
Flowchart of participant inclusion.
Flowchart of participant inclusion to the Fenland phase 1 study up to the analytical sample included in the current study.We divided exposure to takeaway outlets into quartiles for analysis for two reasons. First, previous analyses showed that the association between takeaway outlet exposure and takeaway consumption is...
PMC10212760
Results
Mean age of participants was 51.0 (SD 7.2) years and 53.9% were female (Table Characteristics of the unimputed Fenland analytical sample (
PMC10212760
Takeaway consumption and body fat percentage according to eating behaviour traits, socio-demographic characteristics and takeaway outlet exposure
Figures
PMC10212760
Beta regression coefficient of the association between takeaway outlet exposure and takeaway consumption stratified by eating behaviour traits.
eating behaviour traits
REGRESSION
Beta regression coefficient and 95% coefficient interval in the association between takeaway outlet exposure (taking Q1 as the reference group) and takeaway consumption stratified by eating behaviour traits. Asterisk indicates a statistically significant interaction by eating behaviour trait in the association between ...
PMC10212760
Beta regression coefficient of the association between takeaway outlet exposure and body fat percentage stratified by eating behaviour traits.
eating behaviour traits
REGRESSION
Beta regression coefficient and 95% coefficient interval in the association between takeaway outlet exposure (taking Q1 as the reference group) and body fat percentage stratified by eating behaviour traits. Asterisk indicates a statistically significant interaction by eating behaviour trait in the association between t...
PMC10212760
Mean takeaway consumption per quartile of takeaway outlet exposure stratified by cognitive restraint.
Mean and 95% confidence interval takeaway consumption per quartile of takeaway outlet exposure in the Fenland Study (
PMC10212760
Mean body fat percentage per quartile of takeaway outlet exposure stratified by emotional eating.
Mean and 95% confidence interval body fat percentage per quartile of takeaway outlet exposure in the Fenland Study (The results in Fig.
PMC10212760
Discussion
obesity, muscle mass, Eating behaviour traits, eating and cognitive restraint, adiposity, eating
OBESITY, ADIPOSITY
In a sample of almost 5000 UK adults, we found that takeaway outlet exposure as well as emotional eating and uncontrolled eating were positively associated to both takeaway consumption and body fat percentage. We also found that cognitive restraint was negatively associated with takeaway consumption, but positively ass...
PMC10212760
Conclusion
obesity
OBESITY, ADIPOSITY
Individual differences in eating behaviour traits and exposure to takeaway outlets were both associated with takeaway consumption and adiposity. The evidence that individuals with certain eating behaviour traits are more susceptible to takeaway outlets was weak; there was no evidence that the association between takeaw...
PMC10212760
Supplementary information
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1038/s41366-023-01290-9.
PMC10212760
Acknowledgements
We would like to thank the Fenland participants for participating in the study, as well as the Fenland Study Coordination, Field Epidemiology and Data Management teams for supplying the data. We also thank David Collins for his statistical advice and Stephen Sharp for his help interpreting and presenting the results.
PMC10212760
Author contributions
TB
JA, TB and AA conceived the idea for the work. The analysis plan was designed by JCH, TB and JA. TB led the takeaway outlet data collection from local councils. JCH led the data analysis, in consultation with TB, AA, SB, PM and JA. Principal investigators of the Fenland study who were responsible for its overall design...
PMC10212760
Funding
TB
The Fenland Study is funded by the MRC and the study PIs (NJW, SB, NGF and SG) acknowledge this support (grant numbers MC_UU_00006/1, MC_UU_00006/3, MC_UU_00006/6). JCH, JA and TB are currently supported by the Medical Research Council [Unit Programme number MC_UU_00006/7]. PM received support from the Health Equity Re...
PMC10212760
Data availability
While the Fenland Study (
PMC10212760
Competing interests
The authors declare no competing interests.
PMC10212760
Ethics approval and consent to participate
The study complies with the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Health Research Authority National Research Ethics Service Committee East of England-Cambridge Central. Informed consent was obtained from all the participants before starting the study.
PMC10212760
References
PMC10212760
Background:
anxiety
This research addresses inadequate understanding of interventional prenatal diagnosis, preoperative anxiety psychological problems in pregnant women undergoing interventional prenatal diagnosis, proposing a health education mode combined AIDET standard communication and King's theory of goal attainment approach to pote...
PMC10695492
Methods:
anxiety
DISEASE
A convenient sampling method was used to select a total of 300 pregnant women who were ready to undergo interventional prenatal diagnosis. They were randomly divided into a implementation group and a control group, with 150 pregnant women in each group. The control group used the communication mode of the traditional p...
PMC10695492
Results:
anxiety
DISEASE
The results of the interventional prenatal diagnosis health education questionnaire, the results of pregnant women’s anxiety, the results of pregnant women’s disease uncertainty, the results of pregnant women’s satisfaction, the implementation group all were better than the control group (
PMC10695492
Conclusion:
anxiety
DISEASE
Using the AIDET standard communication health education model under the King theory of goal attainment in nurse–patient communication is conducive to the rapid establishment of a harmonious and trusting nurse–patient relationship between pregnant women and nurses, helping pregnant women and nurses jointly promote the e...
PMC10695492
1. Introduction
death, congenital disability, Birth defect, verbal communication and nonverbal communication, disability
MISCARRIAGE
Birth defect refers to the abnormalities on the structural and functional metabolism of human embryos or fetuses that exist at birth, which mainly causes early miscarriage, stillbirth, perinatal death, infant death, and congenital disability, and can lead to long-term defects on children, furthermore, disability and il...
PMC10695492
2. Objects and Methods
PMC10695492
2.1. Research object
mental disorders or cognitive disorders, hearing or vision impairment
DISEASES
Convenient sampling was used to select a total of 300 pregnant women who planned to undergo interventional prenatal diagnosis at the prenatal diagnosis center of a tertiary first-class hospital in Sichuan Province from the April 2020 to the January 2021, among which 150 pregnant women were randomly selected as control ...
PMC10695492
2.2. Research methods
PMC10695492
2.2.1. Control group.
The control group adopted the traditional communication mode: explaining the purpose and function of interventional prenatal diagnosis, indications, contraindications, limitations, risks, etc. to pregnant women as well as signing the informed consent, while making an appointment for interventional prenata and introduci...
PMC10695492
2.2.2. Implementation group.
The implementation group adopted the AIDET standard communication health education mode under The King Theory of Goal Attainment on the nurse–patient communication process. The specific implementation methods are conducted below:
PMC10695492
2.2.2.1. Preparation stage.
PMC10695492
2.2.2.1.1. Establish an implementation team.
The implementation team consists of the deputy director of the nursing department, head nurses of the department, charge nurses, attending physicians, clinical nurses, health managers, and reproductive health consultants. Among them, there are 12 people including 5 senior titles, 3 intermediate titles, and 4 junior tit...
PMC10695492
2.2.2.1.2. Team member training.
After the team were established, the team members will be trained first. The training content includes: AIDET communication mode and The King Theory of Goal Attainment’s related concepts, frameworks and implementation examples (previous related research) and other related content. After the training, the team members w...
PMC10695492
2.2.2.2. Implementation phase.
The AIDET communication health education mode under the King Theory of Goal Attainment are shown in Table The framework of AIDET communication mode under the King Theory of Goal Attainment.
PMC10695492
2.2.3. Research tools.
PMC10695492
2.2.3.1. General information questionnaire.
bad pregnancy
Self-made general information questionnaire that includes the pregnant woman’s name, age, gestational age, educational level, presence or absence of children, marital status, reproductive history, the history of bad pregnancy, family monthly income, residence, etc.
PMC10695492
2.2.3.2. Questionnaire on health education content of interventional prenatal diagnosis.
The self-made content questionnaire of interventional prenatal diagnosis health education is mainly based on the preoperative and postoperative precautions of interventional prenatal diagnosis as well as the procedures and walking routes on the day of interventional prenatal diagnosis. It consists of 3 levels and 12 co...
PMC10695492
2.2.3.3. Questionnaire on satisfaction of pregnant women.
Researchers have consulted a large number of literature and combined with the framework and the content of the AIDET communication health education mode under the King Theory of Goal Attainment while combining with the characteristics of the prenatal diagnosis center to summarize and design a pregnant woman satisfactio...
PMC10695492
2.2.3.4. State Anxiety Scale (S-AI).
Anxiety
The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory State (S-AI)
PMC10695492
2.2.3.5. Medical Uncertainty Inventory Scale (MUIS).
Using domestic scholars such as Xu Shulian
PMC10695492
2.2.4. Statistical methods.
SPSS25.0 software is used to establish the database for data entry and statistical analysis. The counting data is described by frequency and composition ratio and the measurement data is described by X ± S. Two-paired sample
PMC10695492
3. Results
PMC10695492
3.3. Comparison of results of pregnant women’s anxiety state and illness uncertainty
anxiety
All the results of experimental group were higher than the control group and the difference was statistically significant (Comparison of the results of the 2 groups of pregnant women’s anxiety state and illness uncertainty.
PMC10695492
3.4. Comparison of pregnant women’s satisfaction results
All the results of experimental group were higher than the control group and the difference was statistically significant (Comparison of the satisfaction results of the 2 groups of pregnant women.
PMC10695492
4. Discussion
PMC10695492
4.1. The AIDET standard communication health education mode under the King Theory of Goal Attainment improves the goal and effectiveness of health education
The results show that, from Table Secondly, in the process link, under the guidance of the King Theory of Goal Attainment, the process of interactive assessment, and the nurse-patient joint development of the target plan, nurses and pregnant women deepen their trust through the processes of perception, judgment, action...
PMC10695492
4.2 . The AIDET standard communication health education mode under the King Theory of Goal Attainment can help reduce the uncertainty about the disease and improve the preoperative anxiety of pregnant women
anxiety, traumatic
Pregnant women could feel intense uncertainty and anxiety about the interventional prenatal diagnosis due to that interventional prenatal diagnosis is a kind of invasive and traumatic operation, which the pregnant women receive insufficient health education and the channels to obtain relevant information are limited an...
PMC10695492
4.3. The AIDET standard communication health education mode under The King Theory of Goal Attainment helps to improve pregnant women’s satisfaction with medical care
As shown in Table
PMC10695492
5. Limitations
pain
COMPLICATIONS
On the one hand, the research objects of this study are mainly selected from the prenatal diagnosis center of a tertiary hospital in Chengdu, Sichuan Province. The results could be affected by the sample size, economic development level, and comprehensive population quality. Therefore, in future research, researchers c...
PMC10695492
Acknowledgments
The authors thank all the participants and institutions that participated in this study and gave their contribution. Thanks to Mrs. Xue Du, Mrs. Yujia Guan, Professor Wentao Peng, and Associate Professor Wanying Luo for supporting, directing, and organizing all the completed process of research.
PMC10695492
Abbreviation:
Anxiety, W.
WEST
Acknowledge (A), Introduction (I), Duration (D), Explanation (E), and Thank (T)Medical Uncertainty Inventory ScaleState Anxiety InventoryThis work was supported by Quality of life care research fund of Chinese Association For Life Care (project number: HL20210144); Sichuan Nursing Research Project (project number: H220...
PMC10695492
References
PMC10695492
Introduction
type 2 diabetes, T2DM
TYPE 2 DIABETES
Edited by: Davide Tinti, University of Turin, ItalyReviewed by: Tianshu Zeng, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China; Bin Wu, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, ChinaWe aimed to evaluated the effect of premixed insulin (Ins), premixed insulin combined with metformin (Ins+Met) or mulb...
PMC10653384
Methods
T2DM, fasting blood glucose, postprandial blood glucose, glucose excursions
Thirty patients with T2DM and poor blood glucose control using drugs were evaluated for eligibility during the screening period. Subsequently, their original hypoglycemic drugs were discontinued during the lead-in period, and after receiving Ins intensive treatment for 2 weeks, they were randomly assigned to receive ei...
PMC10653384
Results
The CGM indicators of the three groups during the lead-in period all showed significant improvements compared to the screening period (P<0.05). Compared with those in the lead-in period, all of the CGM indicators improved in the the Ins+Met and Ins+SZ-A groups after 12 weeks of treatment (P<0.05), except for MODD. Afte...
PMC10653384
Conclusion
blood glucose fluctuations
Our findings highlight the efficacy of combination therapy (Ins+SZ-A or Ins+Met) in improving blood glucose fluctuations, as well as blood glucose and lipid levels. Ins+SZ-A reduces postprandial blood glucose fluctuations more than Ins+Met and Ins groups.
PMC10653384
Trial registration number
ISRCTN20835488.
PMC10653384
Introduction
hypoglycemic drug, blood glucose, hypoglycemic, type 2 diabetes, T2DM
TYPE 2 DIABETES
Mulberry twig alkaloids (SZ-A) represent the first original natural hypoglycemic drug to be discovered in China. They are capable of effectively inhibiting α-glycosidase and thus exerting beneficial hypoglycemic effects. One multi-center, randomized, double-blinded, and parallel controlled trial showed that after 24 we...
PMC10653384
Materials and methods
PMC10653384
Study design and participants
chronic gastrointestinal dysfunction, allergic, flatulence, unstable angina pectoris, neurological disorders, alcoholism, hernia, Cushing’s syndrome, ’s syndrome, hypoglycemic, substance addictions, acromegaly, T2DM, diabetes
INTESTINAL ULCERS, UNSTABLE ANGINA PECTORIS, INTESTINAL OBSTRUCTION, NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS, DISORDERS, TYPE 1 DIABETES MELLITUS, HYPERTHYROIDISM, ENDOCRINE DISEASES, HEART DISEASES, DIABETIC COMPLICATIONS, ACROMEGALY, DISEASES, SECONDARY DIABETES MELLITUS, DIABETES
This was a 12-week open-label, randomized, parallel-controlled, clinical trial. We enrolled patients with T2DM who had poorly controlled blood glucose levels when using oral hypoglycemic agents, and had been hospitalized in the Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism of the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medica...
PMC10653384
Randomization and treatment
fasting blood glucose, hypoglycemic, diabetes
HYPERGLYCEMIA, DIABETES
During the screening period patients used their regular hypoglycemic drugs and evaluations for eligibility to select study subjects were conducted based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. During the lead-in period, the patients’ regular hypoglycemic drugs were discontinued and a premixed insulin-intensive treatme...
PMC10653384
Anthropometric indicators
TG, hypoglycemic, diabetes
ADVERSE EVENTS, HYPOGLYCEMIA, INSULIN RESISTANCE, BLOOD, DIABETES
The general patients information collected included sex, age,diabetes history, height, weight, BMI, waist circumference, hip circumference, and insulin dose. Fasting blood glucose (FBG), HbA1C, C-peptide, cholesterol (CHOL), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and lo...
PMC10653384
CGM parameters
mean blood glucose
Subcutaneous interstitial glucose monitoring was conducted using a CGM system (Medtronic, Inc,Minnesota,USA) during the screening, lead-in, and after 12-week treatment period, for three consecutive days. The study parameters included mean blood glucose level (MBG), standard deviation of blood glucose (SDBG), mean ampli...
PMC10653384