title stringlengths 1 1.19k | keywords stringlengths 0 668 | concept stringlengths 0 909 | paragraph stringlengths 0 61.8k | PMID stringlengths 10 11 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
11/22/2022 | In-Press Preview | PMC9843052 | ||
01/17/2023 | Electronic publication | PMC9843052 | ||
Flow diagram of Study 250-201. | In Part 1, 3 patients, i.e., 9001, 9002, and 9003, were recruited and treated with escalating doses of 30, 100, and 300 mg tralesinidase alfa as described in Results. These 3 patients were eventually recruited to Part 2 of the study and treated for an additional 48 weeks. In addition, 19 patients, i.e., patients 9004–9... | PMC9843052 | ||
Drug exposure in plasma and CSF and anti-drug antibody response in serum and CSF. | ( | PMC9843052 | ||
A 300 mg dose of tralesinidase alfa administered weekly i.c.v. normalizes total HS and HS-NRE levels in the CSF and plasma. | In Study 250-201 Part 1, three patients, i.e., 9001, 9002, and 9003, were treated with 30, 100, or 300 mg tralesinidase alfa weekly. Total HS ( | PMC9843052 | ||
Changes in liver, spleen, cortical gray matter, and cerebellum gray matter volumes over the course of Study 250-201 Part 2. | LIVER | Liver ( | PMC9843052 | |
Correlation analyses of cognitive AEq scores, plasma drug exposure, plasma HS-NRE concentrations, and CGMVs over 48 weeks of tralesinidase alfa treatment. | ( | PMC9843052 | ||
CSF and plasma drug exposure in patients given a single i.c.v. dose of 30, 100, or 300 mg tralesinidase alfa | PMC9843052 | |||
Characteristics of participants ( | PMC9843052 | |||
Background | Resistance training adaptively increases muscle strength and mass, contributing to athletic performance and health promotion. Dietary intervention with natural foods provides nutrients that help accelerate muscle adaptation to training. Matcha green tea contains several bioactive factors such as antioxidants, amino aci... | PMC10320999 | ||
Methods | Healthy, untrained men were randomized into placebo and matcha groups. Participants consumed either a matcha beverage containing 1.5 g of matcha green tea powder or a placebo beverage twice a day and engaged in resistance training programs for 8 (trial 1) or 12 weeks (trial 2). | PMC10320999 | ||
Results | fatigue | In trial 1, maximum leg strength after training tended to increase more in the matcha group than that in the placebo group. In the matcha group, subjective fatigue after exercise at 1 week of training was lower than that in the placebo group. Gut microbe analysis showed that the abundance of five genera changed after m... | PMC10320999 | |
Conclusion | fatigue | Daily intake of matcha green tea beverages may help in muscle adaptation to training, with modulations in stress and fatigue responses and microbiota composition. | PMC10320999 | |
Supplementary Information | The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12937-023-00859-4. | PMC10320999 | ||
Keywords | PMC10320999 | |||
Background | sarcopenia, muscle loss | SARCOPENIA | Skeletal muscles support physical activity and act as a major metabolic organ. In athletics, increased muscle strength and mass are important factors that improve performance. Age-related muscle loss and decreased strength, referred to as sarcopenia, have been recognized as major risk factors and may necessitate nursin... | PMC10320999 |
Methods | PMC10320999 | |||
Participants | muscle mass | CHRONIC DISEASES | Thirty-six young and healthy men participated in this study, which was approved by the ethics committee of Kyoto Prefectural University (No. 2017–146). All participants provided written informed consent. None of the participants suffered from current (at the time of the study) or prior chronic diseases or had a history... | PMC10320999 |
Experimental design | This study involved two randomized placebo-controlled trials (Fig. Experiment protocolDuring the trial period, the participants of both groups consumed beverages twice a day. The matcha group consumed a beverage containing 1.5 g matcha green tea powder [contents/cup; 0.06 g water, 0.4 g protein, 0.2 g fat, 4.4 g carboh... | PMC10320999 | ||
Resistance exercise training | The training program consisted of eight resistance exercises: chest press, fly, back extension, seated rowing, leg press, leg extension, leg curl, and sit-up, performed using a combined exercise machine (Senoh Co., Ltd., Chiba, Japan). The participants performed 3 sets of 10 repetitions at a 10-repetition maximum (RM).... | PMC10320999 | ||
Indirect metabolic performance | The participants were instructed to refrain from intense physical activities, eating, and drinking, except for water, from 22:00 until breakfast in the morning. In addition, they were requested to eat 200 g of steamed rice (energy, 312 kcal; protein, 5.0 g; fat, 0.6 g; and carbohydrate, 74.2 g) without caffeine and alc... | PMC10320999 | ||
Blood parameters | BLOOD | The participants were instructed to refrain from intense physical activity and fast from 22:00 h on the day before blood sample collection. On the day of blood sampling, each participant ate 200 g of steamed rice and rested for 1 h. Blood samples were collected before and after resistance exercise (8 exercises, 3 sets ... | PMC10320999 | |
Subjective fatigue | fatigue | The degree of subjective fatigue before exercise (at rest) was measured using a visual analog scale. The participants were asked to indicate their degree of subjective fatigue on a 100-mm horizontal line, with the left end (0 mm) indicating “no fatigue” and the right end (100 mm) indicating “maximum fatigue.” | PMC10320999 | |
Analysis of fecal microbiota | Brushes and sheets for stool collection were distributed to the participants, and stool samples were collected before, at week 4, and at week 8 of the intervention. Stool samples were refrigerated, and bacterial DNA was extracted within 3 weeks after collection. Metagenomic analyses of 16S rRNA of the extracted DNA sam... | PMC10320999 | ||
Saliva parameters | STERILE | To avoid the effect of the circadian rhythm, saliva was collected at the same time of day before and after the intervention, using a saliva collection kit (Salivette, Sarstedt, Germany) consisting of a centrifuge tube and sterile cotton. After rinsing the mouth with distilled water for 30 s, each participant, wearing r... | PMC10320999 | |
Visual function | ocular motor skills, OMS | EYE | Two methods were used to evaluate the participants' ability to visually discern a moving object. Forward and backward kinetic visual acuity (KVA) was measured using a dynamic vision meter (AS-4; Kowa Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan). Lateral dynamic visual acuity (DVA) and ocular motor skills (OMS) were evaluated on a computer... | PMC10320999 |
Dietary assessment | A dietary assessment was conducted to calculate nutrient intake before trial commencement. All participants were permitted to eat freely, and their food intake was recorded for 3 days using a food diary and camera. Thereafter, a dietitian reviewed the recorded data to follow up and estimate participants' nutrient intak... | PMC10320999 | ||
Statistical analyses | All data are reported as mean ± standard deviation. A two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted to assess the significance of the interaction between drink intervention (group) and time. Post hoc analyses were conducted using Bonferroni’s test to compare significant interactions following ANOVA. An intra-group... | PMC10320999 | ||
Results | PMC10320999 | |||
Blood and fatigue parameters during the 8-week intervention | fatigue | BLOOD | The concentration of serum carbonylated proteins and creatine kinase activity neither showed significant interactions nor training-induced changes (Fig. Blood and subjective fatigue parameters in trial 1. Serum carbonylated protein concentration (No differences in resting oxygen consumption, respiratory quotient, carbo... | PMC10320999 |
Gut microbiota during the 8-week intervention | The Chao1 and Shannon indices, which indicate the alpha diversity of gut bacteria, were not altered by the intervention within or between groups. However, the abundance of five genera changed significantly after the intervention. The abundance of Abundance of gut microbiota genera in trial 1. Proportion of the genera | PMC10320999 | ||
Body composition, stress-related parameters, and visual function during the 12-week intervention | muscle hypertrophy | Generally, the adaptation of skeletal muscles to resistance training results in an initial increase in muscle strength, followed by muscle hypertrophy with an extended training period. Therefore, we conducted trial 2 with an intervention period of 12 weeks. Stress-related parameters in saliva and visual ability were al... | PMC10320999 | |
Discussion | muscle mass gain, fatigue | OXIDATIVE STRESS | In this study, we investigated the effects of matcha green tea consumption on adaptation to resistance training in young men. After the 8-week intervention (trial 1), a greater change in leg strength was found in the matcha group. Furthermore, a higher muscle weight in response to training for 12 weeks was found in the... | PMC10320999 |
Conclusions | fatigue | Collectively, matcha green tea consumption during resistance training modulates muscle adaptation. Compounds in matcha can moderate exercise-induced stress and fatigue responses, which may promote recovery after exercise and training-induced adaptation. In addition, positive correlations were found between changes in m... | PMC10320999 | |
Authors’ contributions | M.S. and W.A. designed and coordinated the study. M.S., W.A., C.M., K.S., and R.I. performed the experiments and analyzed the data. Y.F., Y.K., and M.K. evaluated and interpreted the data. M.S. and W.A. wrote the manuscript with input from other authors. All authors critically reviewed and approved the final version of... | PMC10320999 | ||
Funding | This work was supported by the Matcha and Health Research Group and the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) KAKENHI: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B) (grant numbers 20H04080 and 17H02176). | PMC10320999 | ||
Availability of data and materials | The datasets used and/or analyzed in this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request. | PMC10320999 | ||
Declarations | PMC10320999 | |||
Ethics approval and consent to participate | This intervention study was approved by the ethics committee of the Kyoto Prefectural University (No. 2017–146) and conducted following the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants. | PMC10320999 | ||
Consent for publication | Not applicable. | PMC10320999 | ||
Competing interests | Although the Matcha and Health Research Group was not involved in conducting experiments or data analysis, test samples were supplied from Nestlé Japan Ltd., a constituent organization of the Matcha and Health Research Group. | PMC10320999 | ||
References | PMC10320999 | |||
Introduction | Sexual double standards are social norms that impose greater social opprobrium on
women versus men or that permit one sex greater sexual freedom than the other.
This study examined sexual double standards when choosing a mate based on their
sexual history. Using a novel approach, participants (N = 923, 64% women) were
... | PMC10303487 | ||
Sexual Double Standards at the Societal and Personal Level | SDS can exist as social norms at a Various methods have been applied for measuring SDS at a personal level. Studies using between-subject designs have offered insights into factors affecting
SDS. For instance, Marks and colleagues (Only a small number of individual differences have been studied as potential
moderators ... | PMC10303487 | ||
Applying Sexual Strategies Theory to Sexual Double Standards | When and where SDS exist can be informed by evolutionary theory (Sex differences in levels of parental investment depend not only on biological
differences, but on contextual ones as well. Sexual strategies theory (SST)
makes an important distinction between committed long-term relationships and
noncommitted short-term... | PMC10303487 | ||
Applying Sexual Standards to Self Versus Same-Sex Others | The sexual standards one holds for oneself can differ from one's own
We do not currently have any specific hypotheses on how this effect will look
though. Primarily we aim to establish this specific appraisal for self. While
one might believe that for both sexes reducing other's sexual opportunities in
competition with... | PMC10303487 | ||
Methods | PMC10303487 | |||
Participants | A convenience sample of Norwegian students ( | PMC10303487 | ||
Design | This was a quasi-experimental design where we applied four versions of a
questionnaire. The participants were randomly assigned to respond to questions
referring to either long-term or short-term MCs, and to one of the two question
order versions. In the latter, participants answered about a female friend
meeting up wi... | PMC10303487 | ||
Procedure | STILL | The participants received information about the study orally in classes during a
break (and in writing on the first page of the questionnaire). The questionnaire
was then handed out to volunteers and returned in a box within 15 min. The
students did not receive any course credit or compensation for their
participation.... | PMC10303487 | |
Results | PMC10303487 | |||
Sexual Acts | Principal component analysis (maximum likelihood) suggested three common factors
among the sexual history items. Items measuring prior history of STI, being
bisexual, or having been cheated on in a prior relationship had low
communalities and was not included in the analyses. Internal consistency for the
three scales w... | PMC10303487 | ||
Discussion | The study of SDS has yielded several important results. First, we found a lack of
evidence for SDS effects in the traditional direction. Second, we found that people
were more discerning of a prospective mate's sexual history in long-term versus
short-term contexts and that women were more discerning than men. Third, w... | PMC10303487 | ||
A Lack of SDS at the Personal Level | Generally, when people are asked what norms, they believe exist in society, they
tend to confirm traditional SDS (the | PMC10303487 | ||
Mating Context and Participant Sex Moderate Appraisals of Sexual
History | tided | In this study, we were able to address the fact that little research has
considered the role of short-term versus long-term contexts when studying SDS,
taking for granted differences in sexual mating psychology that varies both by
sex and mating strategy (Another moderator was the sex of the participant. In line with o... | PMC10303487 | |
Is Sexual Hypocrisy a Specific Form of Sexual Double Standard? | ’ behavior | By asking participants to make appraisals for themselves, we were in the unique
position to examine sexual hypocrisy. Generally, we found that the participants
were less willing to pursue an opposite-sex target following sexual history
information but were less cautious when appraising same-sex friends in the same
situ... | PMC10303487 | |
Effects of Individual Differences | During our analyses, we included several covariates that one might expect to
influence how people use information about sexual history including religiosity,
sexual disgust, and sociosexuality. Our third prediction regarding the effect of
these individual differences was supported on an overall level. Higher levels of
... | PMC10303487 | ||
Limitations | sexual behavior | The main limitation of the current work is that it was conducted on a convenience
sample from a secular country which is high in sexual liberalism and has high
gender egality. It is entirely possible that SDS are reduced in such countries
and would reveal themselves more in countries which are more conservative and
rel... | PMC10303487 | |
Conclusion | The current study considers both SDS and hypocrisy. We have different standards for
our own versus same-sex friends’ partners, and this study suggests that people are
more lenient toward friends’ partners. An active sexual history represents not only
opportunities but is also a risk factor. It would seem we are more ri... | PMC10303487 | ||
References | PMC10303487 | |||
Aim | The aim was to investigate whether second-year undergraduate nursing students practicing the Identification-Situation-Background-Assessment-Recommendation (ISBAR) communication approach in a desktop virtual reality (VR) application had a non-inferior learning outcome compared with the traditional paper-based method whe... | PMC10731819 | ||
Methods | A non-inferior parallel group assessor blinded randomized controlled trial, conducted in simulation sessions as part of preparation for clinical placements in March and April 2022. After a 20-minute introductory session, the participants were randomized to self-practice the ISBAR approach for 45 minutes in groups of th... | PMC10731819 | ||
Results | Of 210 eligible students, 175 (83%) participated and were allocated randomly to the VR ( | PMC10731819 | ||
Conclusions | Self-practicing with the ISBAR approach in desktop VR was non-inferior to the traditional paper-based method and gave a superior learning outcome. | PMC10731819 | ||
Trial registration number | ISRCTN62680352 registered 30/05/2023. | PMC10731819 | ||
Supplementary Information | The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12909-023-04966-y. | PMC10731819 | ||
Keywords | PMC10731819 | |||
Background | Handover of patients from one healthcare professional or organization to another is a situation in which patient safety can be threatened [When a patient undergoes surgery, a structured handover is an essential skill for healthcare workers [Within nursing education lie challenges related to resources, e.g., time, instr... | PMC10731819 | ||
Method | PMC10731819 | |||
Study design | A non-inferior, parallel group assessor blinded randomized controlled trial (RCT) was conducted at three education sites. The non-inferior approach was chosen because desktop VR simulation is done virtual and thus may have some disadvantages compared with real-life skill practice [ | PMC10731819 | ||
Setting | The study was conducted as part of simulation sessions that prepared second-year undergraduate nursing students for clinical placement in medical-surgical settings. It took place in nursing programs at a university in Southern Norway (two sites) and at a university in Western Norway (one site). At the fall semester in ... | PMC10731819 | ||
Usability and pilot study | A usability study of the desktop VR application, used in the intervention in this study describes details regarding the development of the intervention [A pilot study was conducted in February 2022 with 15 third-year undergraduate nursing students at two of the sites to try out the planned RCT activities. The pilot stu... | PMC10731819 | ||
Participants | The inclusion criteria were second-year undergraduate nursing students enrolled in the nursing study program at the participating universities who had no or limited experience in supervised clinical practice in somatic hospitals. Third-year undergraduate nursing students with substantial experience in supervised clinic... | PMC10731819 | ||
Recruitment | General information about the simulation session, including that the students would be asked about participating in this study, was presented verbally during a lecture and presented in the digital learning management system for the study program. Specific information about time and place, in addition to repetition of g... | PMC10731819 | ||
Randomization and allocation | Randomization had to consider practical organization in which students participated at different times in batches of nine, 12, or 15 students; therefore, separate computer-generated randomization lists were made for each batch of students using the Microsoft Excel RAND function. Using these lists, stickers with identif... | PMC10731819 | ||
Interventions | Both the intervention and control groups participated in a 20-minute introduction session that comprised information about the simulation’s practicalities and the possibility of participating in this study, answering a questionnaire, and watching a nine-minute video that explains the ISBAR approach [The simulation star... | PMC10731819 | ||
Desktop VR application | The intervention group practiced using a desktop VR simulation called the As the tasks involved a substantial amount of written text, including instructions and patient information, and the relatively little interactions with the virtual environment, it was chosen to use a desktop VR application. The academic content w... | PMC10731819 | ||
Traditional paper-based group | The participants in the traditional paper-based group met in-person and were placed around a table in groups of three. Due to uneven numbers, two groups comprised four students. They were given printed papers with the same explanation and tasks––including an explanation of the ISBAR approach and a list of suggestions f... | PMC10731819 | ||
Differences between the groups | The main difference between the groups was that the desktop VR group practiced in a virtual environment. Furthermore, in VR, the participants were represented by avatars, with their names displayed above the avatars’ heads, and instructions were delivered through animations featuring voiceovers and pop-up windows. Feed... | PMC10731819 | ||
Data collection | At the beginning of the introduction, the participants completed a baseline characteristics questionnaire online. The outcome data were collected immediately after the simulation training through an online questionnaire and a written test, both with a time limit of 5 min. The ISBAR categories were not visible, i.e., th... | PMC10731819 | ||
Outcomes | PMC10731819 | |||
Written test and scoring rules | SECONDARY | The written test (Supplementary file The primary and some of the secondary outcomes concerned sorting patient information within correct ISBAR categories. A score of “Everything correct” was assigned if the patient information was sorted into the correct ISBAR category, independent of the order of the patient informati... | PMC10731819 | |
Participant characteristics | Participant characteristics included sex, age, mother tongue (Norwegian or other), previous experience working in health care, previous experience working in a surgical ward, previous experience practicing using the ISBAR approach, and previous experience playing multiplayer PC games. | PMC10731819 | ||
Implementation of the intervention | Technical and other problems were registered by asking the instructors who were present if any such issues were experienced. | PMC10731819 | ||
Primary outcome | The primary outcome was the proportion of nursing students who sorted all 11 statements of patient information into the correct ISBAR order within a time limit of five minutes on the written test (Supplementary file | PMC10731819 | ||
Secondary outcomes |
The proportion that placed the correct patient information within each of the ISBAR categories: This outcome reports the results for each ISBAR category and provides additional information on the primary outcome by identifying the category that was best understood, as determined by the highest proportion of correct pa... | PMC10731819 | ||
Sample size calculation | A non-inferior limit of 13 percentage points was chosen for the sample size calculation based on other studies on clinical observation [ | PMC10731819 | ||
Analysis | The participant characteristics are presented descriptively. Independent sample proportion tests were used for categorical data, and independent samples t-tests were used for continuous data. The absolute difference is presented. The one-sided | PMC10731819 | ||
Results | PMC10731819 | |||
Recruitment and baseline characteristics | Altogether, 210 (78, 68, and 64 from each site) second-year undergraduate nursing students were eligible to participate in the study (Fig. The flow of participants. Abbreviations: The participants’ characteristics are presented in Table Participant characteristicsHave you previously(number answering yes):Abbreviations:... | PMC10731819 | ||
Implementation of intervention | The implementation of both groups was executed without major technical or practical problems. The desktop VR program had to be restarted for two of the 29 desktop VR groups because the participants could not talk to each other. | PMC10731819 | ||
Outcomes | SECONDARY | For the primary outcome, the group self-practicing on the desktop VR application (36% had everything correct) was non-inferior to the traditional paper-based group (22% had everything correct), with a difference of 14.2% points (one-sided 95% CI 2.9 to 14.2) on the primary outcome (Fig. The difference between the VR an... | PMC10731819 | |
Discussion | There was a superior learning outcome of the | PMC10731819 | ||
More likeable, yet better learning outcome | It was somewhat surprising that desktop VR was found to be superior to traditional practice. The study was designed as a non-inferior study, as VR can offer some disadvantages due to technical and comprehension issues [Although desktop VR has the same learning outcome as traditional simulation, in this study and others... | PMC10731819 | ||
Potential mechanisms behind the findings | Aside from the possibility of a chance finding, we suggest five possible mechanisms to explain the superior effect and likability of desktop VR found in this study.The first is automated individual feedback. A VR application, like the one in this study, can be programmed to provide instant feedback. Feedback on perform... | PMC10731819 | ||
Strengths and limitations | This study’s main strength was the randomized controlled trial design, a relatively high number of students and a blinded assessment of the primary outcome. However, although recent findings suggest that blinding is less important than previously thought [ | PMC10731819 | ||
Conclusion | This study was designed to investigate whether nursing students, self-practicing the ISBAR approach in desktop VR, achieved a non-inferior learning outcome compared with self-practicing traditional practice, which was confirmed. However, it also was found that desktop VR provided superior learning outcomes. Furthermore... | PMC10731819 | ||
Authors’ contributions | EMA | All the authors helped design the study. EMA and HB collected the data. EMA, HB, and AS analyzed and interpreted the data. All the authors helped write the manuscript and read and approved the final version. | PMC10731819 | |
Funding | EMA | The University of Agder funded the study for EMA’s doctorate, and the Norwegian University of Science and Technology funded the application with financial support from the Research Council of Norway (260370). | PMC10731819 | |
Availability of data and materials | The datasets used during the current study available from the corresponding author on reasonable request. It is also available from the Service Provider for the Education Sector (SIKT, reference 305866) repository at | PMC10731819 |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.