title stringlengths 1 1.19k | keywords stringlengths 0 668 | concept stringlengths 0 909 | paragraph stringlengths 0 61.8k | PMID stringlengths 10 11 |
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References | ADVERSE EVENTS, ADVERSE EVENT | HBsAg (Summary of subject disposition in Phase I study.Percentage change in HBsAg in Phase I study. (Mean HBsAg and HBsAg clearance rate at the end of the animal study.Summary of demographics and baseline characteristics in the Phase I clinical study.Max: maximal; Min: minimal; SD: standard deviation.Summary of adverse... | PMC10778875 | |
Subject terms | OLP | The use of so-called ‘smart drugs’ such as modafinil to improve cognitive performance has recently attracted considerable attention. However, their side effects have limited user enthusiasm. Open-label placebo (OLP) treatment, i.e., inert treatments that are openly disclosed to individuals as having no active pharmacol... | PMC10636058 | |
Introduction | Cognitive performance is a vital aspect of daily functioning, and crucial for educational and occupational successFor example, students with a positive treatment expectation showed improvements in a standard IQ testIn search of strategies to overcome the ethical and legal limitations of deceptive placebos and increase ... | PMC10636058 | ||
Materials and methods | PMC10636058 | |||
Clinical trial registration | The monocentric, randomized controlled study was registered in the German Clinical Trials Register on 30/10/2019 (Deutsches Register Klinischer Studien; DRKS; ID DRKS00019203; | PMC10636058 | ||
Ethics approval statement | All study procedures were approved by the University Duisburg-Essen Ethics Committee (19-8874-BO). The study was conducted in accordance with the principles of Good Clinical Practice | PMC10636058 | ||
Participants | allergies | COLOR BLINDNESS, RECRUITMENT, ALLERGIES | Recruitment and data collection took place from October 2019 to March 2020 at the University Hospital Essen in Germany. Participants were recruited via flyers and posters at regional universities and the University Hospital Essen, via an in-house participant database and via social media. Those between 18 and 60 years ... | PMC10636058 |
Procedure | OLP | The study followed a single-blind, between-subjects design with two sessions (Baseline and Test; see also Fig. Overview of the study design. First, all tasks were completed before participants completed the questionnaires. Tests and questionnaires were then completed in German and in a randomized order, except the d2 w... | PMC10636058 | |
Baseline measures | At the Baseline session, we collected demographic data (age, gender, employment, years of education, medication intake and chronic conditions) from each participant as well as an in-house health questionnaire, including data on participants’ use of alcohol, caffeine, nicotine and other substances, to monitor changes in... | PMC10636058 | ||
Outcome measures | fatigue | To investigate the effects of OLPs on cognitive performance, we aimed to assess a wide range of complex cognitive abilities while balancing feasibility, time constraints, and participant fatigue. We thus included five standardized, well-established tasks measuring the following aspects of cognitive performance, which h... | PMC10636058 | |
Objective measures | The The In the The The | PMC10636058 | ||
Subjective measures | OLP, ’ | SECONDARY | After each of the tasks described above, participants were asked to rate their cognitive performance using computerized Subsequently, we administered five standardized questionnaires, which were preregistered as secondary outcomes, and measured different psychological parameters at both time points: The Lastly, at the ... | PMC10636058 |
Data acquisition and analysis | Computerized tasks were administered in a random order using Presentation (version 18.0, Neurobehavioral Systems, Inc. Berkeley, CA, USA), except the learning task which was always administered last. Questionnaires were administered via LimeSurvey (version 4.3.15In order to test whether the two groups differed in any o... | PMC10636058 | ||
Results | PMC10636058 | |||
Baseline group comparison and manipulation checks | All Baseline group differences and respective statistics are reported in Table Participants in the OLP group indicated taking the OLPs regularly (93.37 ± 7.34 ( | PMC10636058 | ||
Effects of OLP intake on objective task measures | First, we analyzed participants’ performance in the objective performance measures (Stroop, dual, 2-back, instrumental learning, and d2). Figures Evidence for training effects, but evidence of absence for any OLP effects on exemplary primary objective outcome measures: (Evidence for time effects, but evidence of absenc... | PMC10636058 | ||
Effects of OLP intake on subjective task measures | OLP | Next, we analyzed participants’ subjective evaluation of their objective performance, namely effort invested, satisfaction with their performance, and perceived change from Baseline to Test.Regarding effort, we again found no effect of OLP intake on these outcomes and Bayesian analyses supported the null over the alter... | PMC10636058 | |
Effects of OLP intake on subjective state questionnaires | depression, anxiety, OLP | Lastly, we analyzed the state questionnaires on anxiety, depression, mood, stress, well-being, sleep, and movement/sport activity, which participants had completed before and after OLP intervention. Mirroring the above analyses, we found no OLP effects on any of these outcomes (see Table In a post-experimental question... | PMC10636058 | |
Discussion | cognitive functioning, fatigue, OLP | Here, we investigated the performance-enhancing effects of OLPs using an extensive battery of subjective and objective cognitive performance measures and well-being. Our analyses suggest that this treatment had no significant impact on any of the outcomes, compared to a no-treatment control condition. As expected, part... | PMC10636058 | |
Supplementary Information | The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1038/s41598-023-45979-3. | PMC10636058 | ||
Acknowledgements | SCHMIDT | The authors thank Sigrid Elsenbruch for valuable input on the results and discussion. They also thank Liane Schmidt for providing the code of the instrumental learning task and for helpful scientific exchange during the project. | PMC10636058 | |
Author contributions | Author contributions are listed according to the CRediT statement | PMC10636058 | ||
Funding | Open Access funding enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL. The work is funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation—Project-ID 422744262—TRR 289). None of the funders had any role in study design, data collection and analysis, interpretation, writing or decision to publish. | PMC10636058 | ||
Data availability | The data used for the analysis has been uploaded to the Open Science Framework project ( | PMC10636058 | ||
Competing interests | The authors declare no competing interests. | PMC10636058 | ||
References | PMC10636058 | |||
1. Introduction | Hyperglycemia, prediabetes, diabetes, inflammation, hyperglycemia, prediabetic, causes cell damage | HYPERGLYCEMIA, VASCULAR COMPLICATIONS, INFLAMMATION, DIABETES MELLITUS, HYPERGLYCEMIA, OXIDATIVE STRESS, DISEASES, COMPLICATIONS, ENDOTHELIAL DYSFUNCTION | The most significant reactive α-dicarbonyl RCS involved in the pathomechanism of glycation and related diseases is methylglyoxal (MGO). Hyperglycemia promotes the generation of MGO and leads to the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Therefore, MGO trapping and glycation inhibition appear to be importa... | PMC10056224 |
2. Results and Discussion | digestive ailments | METABOLIC DISORDERS | Peppermint leaf is a popular non-caffeine alternative to green or black tea. It is also used therapeutically for common digestive ailments. Current research indicates that it may also be effective in certain metabolic disorders. There is evidence from an animal model supporting its potential to lower blood levels of gl... | PMC10056224 |
2.1. Polyphenolic Profile of Peppermint Leaf Dry Extract | In the present study, a dry extract was obtained from a water infusion of peppermint leaf using the solid-phase extraction (SPE) method. SPE is one of the simplest yet most efficient and versatile techniques for concentrating samples and extracts. With properly selected parameters, it also allows partial purification o... | PMC10056224 | ||
2.2. Anti-Glycation Activity of Peppermint Leaf Dry Extract and Its Polyphenolic Components | obesity, inflammation, hypertension | OBESITY, HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA, CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE, HYPERLIPIDEMIA, HYPERTENSION, INFLAMMATION, IMPAIRED GLUCOSE TOLERANCE, DISORDERS, HYPERGLYCEMIA, INSULIN RESISTANCE, ADIPOSITY, METABOLIC SYNDROME, OXIDATIVE STRESS, TYPE 2 DIABETES | Excessive consumption of simple sugars, glucose and fructose, is one of the reasons for the epidemic of obesity, type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular disease. Non-enzymatic and enzymatic oxidation of monosaccharides leads to excessive production of RCS, carbonyl stress and related oxidative stress. T... | PMC10056224 |
2.3. MGO-Trapping Potential of Peppermint Leaf Polyphenols | Several synthetic medicines and plant polyphenols are known to have the capacity for MGO scavenging [With the help of UHPLC-ESI-MS, we examined the ability of To sum up, (1) non-methylated flavones demonstrated substantially higher antiglycation and MGO-trapping potential than non-methylated flavanones. The difference ... | PMC10056224 | ||
3. Materials and Methods | PMC10056224 | |||
3.1. Chemicals | POLAND, ALDRICH | Methanol, acetonitrile (LC gradient grade and LC-MS grade), water (LC-MS grade), DMSO, 98–100% formic acid, methylglyoxal (MGO, 40% in water), and bovine serum albumin (BSA) were purchased from Merck–Sigma–Aldrich (Poland–Sigma-Aldrich, Poznań, Poland). Glacial acetic acid, NaCl, KCl, Na | PMC10056224 | |
3.2. Authentic Standards | Eriodictyol (CAS No. 552-58-9), luteolin (CAS No. 491-70-3), luteolin-7-Stock solutions (1 mg/mL) for quantitative analysis were made by dissolving 2–5 mg of flavonoid in 2–5 mL of methanol. Working standard solutions in the range of 10–250 g/mL (6 measurement points for each pattern) were prepared by mixing with 50% a... | PMC10056224 | ||
3.4. Chemical Composition of Peppermint Leaf Dry Extract | ICH | The presence of flavonoids and phenolic acids in peppermint leaf dry extract was confirmed by the UHPLC-ESI-MS method described previously by Bodalska et al. [The content of the dominant compounds was determined by HPLC-DAD. This method was developed and optimized previously by Fecka and Turek [The HPLC-DAD method was ... | PMC10056224 | |
3.5. Antiglycation Non-Enzymatic Assay (BSA-Methylglyoxal Model) | REGRESSION | For this purpose, 21.2 μM bovine serum albumin was incubated with 0.5 mM methylglyoxal and 1–1.5 mM of the test compound or peppermint leaf dry extract (1–3 mg/mL) in 100 mM PBS solution, pH 7.4, with 0.02% sodium azide. The reaction mixture was shaken (50 rpm) at 37 °C, for 7 days, in closed vials without light. The f... | PMC10056224 | |
3.6. MGO Trapping and Adduct Analysis | The direct MGO-trapping capacity of peppermint polyphenols was investigated according to the method of Shao et al. [ | PMC10056224 | ||
3.7. Analysis of the Polyphenol-MGO Adducts | RS | Adducts of peppermint polyphenols with MGO were analyzed by UHPLC-ESI-MS using a Thermo Scientific Dionex UltiMate 3000 UHPLC system (Thermo Fisher Scientific; Waltham, MA, USA) incorporated with a Compact ESI-QTOF-MS (Bruker Daltonics; Bremen, Germany), a quaternary pump (LPG-3400D) and an UltiMate 3000 RS autosampler... | PMC10056224 | |
3.8. Statistical Analysis | All data are presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD). Data were analyzed using the Shapiro-Wilk test to assess the normality of distribution, followed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Tukey’s multiple comparison test using the GraphPad Prism 9 software, and | PMC10056224 | ||
Supplementary Materials | The following supporting information can be downloaded at: Click here for additional data file. | PMC10056224 | ||
Author Contributions | Conceptualization, I.F.; Methodology, Validation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Data curation, I.F. and K.B.; Writing—original draft preparation, I.F., K.B. and A.K.; Writing—review and editing, I.F. and A.K.; Visualization, K.B. and I.F.; Supervision, I.F.; Project administration, and Funding acquisition, A.K. All a... | PMC10056224 | ||
Institutional Review Board Statement | Not applicable. | PMC10056224 | ||
Informed Consent Statement | Not applicable. | PMC10056224 | ||
Data Availability Statement | Data supporting reported results are available from the corresponding author. | PMC10056224 | ||
Conflicts of Interest | The authors declare no conflict of interest. | PMC10056224 | ||
Sample Availability | Samples of the compounds will be available by arrangement with the I.F. | PMC10056224 | ||
Supplementary Information | tumor, fatigue, cancer, toxicities, prostate, pain, mCRPC | TUMOR, ADVERSE EVENTS, CANCER, DISEASE, METASTATIC CASTRATION-RESISTANT PROSTATE CANCER, PROSTATE, METASTASES, COLD | Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) is an immunologically cold disease with dismal outcomes. Cryoablation destroys cancer tissue, releases tumor-associated antigens and creates a pro-inflammatory microenvironment, while dendritic cells (DCs) activate immune responses through processing of antigens. ... | PMC10264291 |
Keywords | Open access funding provided by University of Bergen (incl Haukeland University Hospital) | PMC10264291 | ||
Introduction | death, cancers, tumor, cancer, malignancies, tumors, mCRPC, Cancer | CANCERS, TUMOR, CANCER, SOLID TUMORS, MALIGNANCIES, IMMUNE TOLERANCE, RENAL CELL CARCINOMA, METASTATIC PROSTATE CANCER, TUMORS, METASTATIC CASTRATION-RESISTANT PROSTATE CANCER, SKIN MALIGNANT MELANOMA, CANCER | Mortality rates remain high for patients who develop metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) [The immunological checkpoint inhibitor therapies, the cytotoxic T-lymphocyte protein 4 (CTLA-4) inhibitor, ipilimumab and programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) inhibitor, pembrolizumab, have demonstrated marke... | PMC10264291 |
Materials and methods | PMC10264291 | |||
Participants | hypersensitivity | ONCOLOGY, HYPERSENSITIVITY, METASTASES, IMMUNODEFICIENCY | Eligible patients had mCRPC with metastases and an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 0–1, adequate organ function, no known hypersensitivity to vaccines or components of the cell therapy, and no contraindications to surgery (Supplementary S1B). The exclusion criteria contained immunodefici... | PMC10264291 |
Study design and data capture | prostate, pain | PROSTATE | This phase I open-label interventional study recruited patients at Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway. The study consisted of two study parts, investigating the safety and tolerability of combining either cryoablation and iDC treatment (first part), or cryoablation, iDC treatment and immune checkpoint inhibi... | PMC10264291 |
Procedures | prostate | PROSTATE | Leukapheresis was performed 14 days prior to CryoIT followed by monocyte enrichment using the ELUTRATM System (Supplementary S2). Autologous iDCs were produced according to protocol (Supplementary S2).Cryoablation of the prostate was performed under general anesthesia and ultrasound guidance as a cyclic freeze–thaw pro... | PMC10264291 |
Assessment of safety and toxicity | toxicity, toxicities | ADVERSE EVENT | AEs were recorded, and their severity graded according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events v3.0. Clinical investigators evaluated the severity and relatedness of any registered AEs to the trial participation, study drug(s) and ablative procedure. Any AEs that could be related to trial participation we... | PMC10264291 |
Assessment of response | tumor, Pain, pain, prostate cancer tumor, Cancer | CANCER, DISEASE, TUMOR | Radiologic responses were assessed by internal expert review. MRI and PET/CT images were evaluated according to the RECISTv1.1. criteria [Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels should change at least 25% and display an absolute increase/decrease of 2 ng/mL to define PSA-related progression or improved disease status [L... | PMC10264291 |
Translational outcomes | tumor | TUMOR | Flow cytometry analyses of immune cells were conducted according to local routine (Supplementary S7) utilizing BD FACSCanto II (3 lasers) and BD FACSDiva software v.8.0.1 (BD Biosciences).Dedicated uropathologists re-examined the formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) primary diagnostic biopsies, assigning all samples... | PMC10264291 |
Data processing and bioinformatics analysis | tumor | TUMOR | For the 360 gene panel analyses, raw sequence data were aligned to the human reference genome (Build-UCSC hg19) using BWA. Somatic single nucleotide variants were detected by application of CaVEMan and insertions/deletions were detected using Pindel [The tumor mutational burden (TMB) analyses were performed by the TSO5... | PMC10264291 |
Statistical considerations | toxicity | In this phase I clinical trial, sample sizes were not based on statistical methods. The aim of both trial parts was to evaluate the toxicity profile rather than formally to demonstrate any efficacy endpoints. The database cut-off date was April 30, 2021, when all participants had reached 24 months of follow-up, and OS ... | PMC10264291 | |
Results | PMC10264291 | |||
Safety | nausea, urinary tract reactions, pelvic osteomyelitis, death | COLD SYMPTOMS, EVENTS, ADVERSE EVENTS, ADMINISTRATION SITE REACTIONS | In total, 73 AEs were reported, whereof 32 were possibly or probably associated with participation in the trial. No dose-limiting toxic effects were recorded. The most frequently reported events were mild or moderate urinary tract reactions, administration site reactions, nausea, and influenza-like and common cold symp... | PMC10264291 |
Response to therapy | prostatic tissue tumors, skeletal lesions, visceral disease, tumor | DISEASE PROGRESSION, TUMOR | At inclusion, 17/18 participants had skeletal lesions visible on scintigraphy, while 16/18 patients had evaluable visceral disease in the form of prostatic tissue tumors. Several patients had PET-positive lymph nodes. Long-term (> 46 weeks) clinical benefit were achieved by 6/18 (33%) participants. Out of 12, 1 patient... | PMC10264291 |
Translational outcomes | MSS, cancer, tumor, tumors | CANCER, TUMOR, TUMORS | While higher baseline ALP levels correlated with higher tissue expression of Tregs (TCR sequencing of blood samples revealed that the median number of novel and > fivefold expanded clonotypes was 35.5 (IQR 27.5–63.5) after two weeks, compared to 70.5 (IQR 37.0–125.25) six weeks after CryoIT (Fig. While TCR clonotypes f... | PMC10264291 |
Discussion | tumor, prostate cancer, tumors, mCRPC, prostate cancers | TUMOR, TUMORS, SOLID TUMORS, PROSTATE CANCER | In this pioneering mCRPC clinical trial, CryoIT was found to be safe and tolerable. This is consistent with the well-defined safety profile of cryoablation in solid tumors [For the total cohort, PFS was 10.5 months while median OS was 40.7 months. In this early phase trial, no controls were included. In a study includi... | PMC10264291 |
Supplementary Information | Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.Supplementary file1 (DOCX 14027 KB) | PMC10264291 | ||
Acknowledgements | CCBIO, HUS, Cancer | CANCER | The authors would like to thank the patients and the following persons who participated in the clinical trial: Bendik Nordanger, Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital (HUS); Ingeborg Winge and Reidun Kristin Kopperud, Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, University of Bergen; Andrine Sandøy, Department ... | PMC10264291 |
Author contribution | KHK, BTG, AMØ, HR, and CB designed the trial. AH, LARR, BA, KF, CB, and SIH included patients and performed all trial visits and clinical data collection. DB developed and taught the clinical staff the cryoablative procedures. KHK, AMØ, KF, JRO, and WA performed the sample preparation and laboratory analyses. SHK, GKM,... | PMC10264291 | ||
Funding | Cancer | CANCER | Open access funding provided by University of Bergen (incl Haukeland University Hospital). This work received funding from Helse Vest (grant numbers 912062, 911626, 911747, 911582, 911778, 912226, and 980058), the Helse Vest Strategic grants of Personalized Therapy (grant number 303484) and the Bergen Stem Cell Consort... | PMC10264291 |
Data availability | tumor, Cancer | TUMOR, CANCER | The data from circulating tumor cell enumeration, TCR sequencing data from sorted T cells including the R code and flow cytometry data used during this study are available through the Alden Cancer Therapy II (kalland@uib.no) for non-commercial research purposes. The joint data access committee of Vestlandets Innovasjon... | PMC10264291 |
Declarations | PMC10264291 | |||
Competing interests | Cancer | THOMSEN, CANCER | Dr. Gjertsen reports other from Kinn Therapeutics AS, other from Alden Cancer Therapeutics 2 AS, personal fees from BerGenBio AS, personal fees from Novartis AS, personal fees from Seattle Genetics Inc., personal fees from Pfizer, non-financial support from Roche, non-financial support from MSD, outside the submitted w... | PMC10264291 |
Ethics approval | The protocol was approved by the National Regional Ethics Committee (REK 2014/1052) with amendments during 2015–2019, as well as the Norwegian Medicines Agency. The trial is registered in ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02423928). | PMC10264291 | ||
Consent to participate | Written informed consent was obtained from all patients. | PMC10264291 | ||
Consent to publish | Not applicable. | PMC10264291 | ||
References | PMC10264291 | |||
Purpose | Iodine deficiency disorder, IDD | IODINE DEFICIENCY DISORDER | Iodine deficiency disorder (IDD) is an ongoing worldwide recognized problem with over two billion individuals having insufficient iodine intake. School-aged children and pregnant women are often target groups for epidemiological studies, but there is a lack of knowledge on the general adult population. The aim of this ... | PMC10117252 |
Methods | The population study covered 103 adults within the iMC Salt randomized clinical trial, aged 24–69 years. Urinary iodine concentration was measured spectrophotometrically using the Sandell–Kolthoff reaction. Iodine food intake was assessed using a 24-h dietary recall. The contribution of discretionary salt to the iodine... | PMC10117252 | ||
Results | The mean urine volume in 24 h was 1.5 L. The median daily iodine intake estimated from 24-h UIE was 113 µg/day, being lower among women ( | PMC10117252 | ||
Conclusion | IODINE DEFICIENCY | This study contributes new knowledge about iodine status in Portuguese working adults. The results revealed moderate iodine deficiency, particularly in women. Public health strategies and monitoring programs are needed to ensure iodine adequacy in all population groups. | PMC10117252 | |
Keywords | Open access funding provided by FCT|FCCN (b-on). | PMC10117252 | ||
Introduction | Iodine deficiency disorder, IDD | IODINE DEFICIENCY DISORDER | Iodine is an essential micronutrient, primarily obtained from the diet, indispensable to thyroid hormone production and key for the metabolism regulation of mammals [Iodine deficiency disorder (IDD) is still an ongoing worldwide recognized problem, with over two billion individuals having inadequate iodine intake [In P... | PMC10117252 |
Materials and methods | PMC10117252 | |||
Population and study design | hypotensive, urinary incontinence, liver disease | DISORDER, THYROID DISEASE, KIDNEY DISEASE, URINARY INCONTINENCE, LIVER DISEASE, RENAL INFECTION, ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME, HEART FAILURE, HYPOTENSIVE | The participants of the study were recruited to the iMC Salt randomized controlled trial, designed to decrease salt intake inadequacy. The iMC Salt study was designed to assess the effectiveness of interventions to reduce salt consumption among consumers. The intervention consisted of using the Salt Control H equipment... | PMC10117252 |
24-h urine collection | As previously reported [ | PMC10117252 | ||
Estimation of dietary and discretionary salt iodine content | Food intake was assessed using a 24-h dietary recall. Participants were asked to recall all foods and beverages consumed the day before (time of urine collection) and to estimate the portion size with the help of a picture book. The conversion of food intake into iodine was performed using the Food Processor Plus softw... | PMC10117252 | ||
Determination of urinary iodine and creatinine concentration | Urinary iodine concentration was assessed spectrophotometrically, using a modification of the Sandell–Kolthoff reaction, with an initial ammonium persulfate digestion [Urinary creatinine, measured by the kinetic Jaffé reaction [The researcher who performed the urinary measurements was not aware of which group within th... | PMC10117252 | ||
Ethics | Ethical approval for the study was obtained from the Ethics Committee of the Centro Hospitalar Universitário São João, trial registration number NCT03974477. All participants signed an informed consent statement before the start of the study. | PMC10117252 | ||
Statistical analysis | Analysis of the data was performed using STATISTICA software (V.7.0 Stat Soft Inc., Tulsa, OK, USA). Descriptive statistics are presented as mean with standard deviation (SD) and medians, with 25th and 75th percentiles.Spearman’s correlation coefficient was used for the comparison of iodine intake estimated from 24-h u... | PMC10117252 | ||
Results | PMC10117252 | |||
Relationship between the two methods for estimating iodine intake | SD | The median iodine intake estimated from the 24-h dietary recall (58 µg/day) was significantly lower than the levels determined from the UIE (113 µg/day, The agreement between different determination approaches was assessed through a Bland–Altman plot (Fig. Bland–Altman plot, mean iodine intake estimated from 24-h urine... | PMC10117252 | |
Sources of iodine from the 24-h dietary recall | The evaluation of the estimated food intakes and iodine sources showed that dairy, including yoghurt and milk products, was the main source of iodine (Fig. The contribution (%) from food groups to the iMC Salt participant’s total iodine intake by sex | PMC10117252 | ||
Estimated iodine intake from household salt | Integrated into the iMC Salt randomized controlled trial, designed to decrease the salt intake inadequacy, the iodine content in the household salt samples was also analyzed. All the provided 47 salt samples (mostly sea salt) analyzed contained detectable iodine, with an average concentration of 14 mg I/kg (SD 7) (Fig.... | PMC10117252 | ||
Discussion | UIE, goiter, iodine deficiency | GOITER, IODINE DEFICIENCY | To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study on the iodine status of Portuguese working adults, using gold standard methodology.Based on previous epidemiological studies performed in school-aged children [With a median 24-h UIC of 66 μg/L, 30% of the population showing 24-h UIC below 50 μg/L, and a daily iodin... | PMC10117252 |
Study strengths and limitations | The iodine intake was estimated simultaneously from both the 24-h urinary iodine excretion and a detailed 24-h dietary recall for each participant. Although cumbersome, the 24-h urinary iodine excretion is considered the best biomarker to assess and monitor the recent iodine intake of a given population [A major limita... | PMC10117252 | ||
Conclusions | IODINE DEFICIENCY, DISEASES | To the best of our knowledge, this was the first study reporting on the iodine status in Portuguese working adults, using gold standard methodology. The results revealed a moderate iodine deficiency, with higher expression in women. Dairy was described as the major iodine source in the diet. Although the discretionary ... | PMC10117252 | |
Acknowledgements | The authors were grateful to all University of Porto workers that participated in the study. | PMC10117252 | ||
Author contributions | TSS | Conceptualization: AAB; CG; PM; OP. Methodology: AM; CG. Validation: AM, AAB. Formal analysis: AM. Investigation: AM; CG; PM; OP; PP; TSS; PN. Resources: AAB; CG. Data curation: AM; AAB; MR. Writing—original draft preparation: AM. Writing—review and editing: AAB; CG; PM; OP; PP; TSS; PN. Supervision: AAB; CG. Project a... | PMC10117252 | |
Funding | Open access funding provided by FCT|FCCN (b-on). This work was also partially supported by the Project IMC Salt (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-029269), co-financed by COMPETE 2020, Portugal 2020 and the European Union through the ERDF, and by FCT through national funds. The CITAB is supported by FCT/UIDB/04033/2020. The ITR is su... | PMC10117252 | ||
Data availability | The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request. | PMC10117252 | ||
Declarations | PMC10117252 | |||
Conflict of interest | The authors declare no conflict of interest. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to publish the results. | PMC10117252 |
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