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Conclusion | Comprehensive geriatric assessment performed by a geriatric team in frail older inpatients in non‐geriatric wards, both medical and surgical, and in ER, followed by a multidimensional intervention is beneficial in preventing not only functional decline at 3 months of follow‐up, but also mortality. This fact is especial... | PMC10834340 | ||
Funding | This work was supported by grants from the European Commission Directorate General for Health and Consumer Affairs (DG SANTE) – Third Health Programme (grant agreement number), the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness, co‐financed by the FEDER Funds (ISCIII, PI20/00977) and CIBERFES (CB16/10/00464)... | PMC10834340 | ||
Conflict of interest | None declared. | PMC10834340 | ||
Supporting information | Frailty | SECONDARY |
Click here for additional data file.
Click here for additional data file.
Table S2. Effect of the intervention on the secondary outcomes selecting only those who were frail according to the Frailty Phenotype or to the FRAIL scale.Table S3. Effect of the intervention in those who were frail according to both tools (Cli... | PMC10834340 |
Acknowledgements | We would like to thank the participants, cohort members and team researcher members. The authors certify that they comply with the ethical guidelines for authorship and publishing of the | PMC10834340 | ||
References | PMC10834340 | |||
Key Points | PMC10066466 | |||
Question | Does a responsive parenting intervention for Black families improve infant sleep? | PMC10066466 | ||
Findings | SECONDARY | In this secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial of 194 Black mother-infant dyads, infants in the responsive parenting group had significantly longer nighttime sleep duration, longer total sleep duration, fewer night wakings, and were more likely to meet recommended guidelines of at least 12 hours of sleep per... | PMC10066466 | |
Meaning | sleep-related | SECONDARY | These findings suggest that responsive parenting interventions delivered early in infancy can improve sleep among Black infants and may be an effective approach to reducing sleep and sleep-related disparities early in the lifespan.This secondary analysis of the Sleep SAAF (Strong African American Families) randomized c... | PMC10066466 |
Importance | Black individuals in the US experience sleep disparities beginning in infancy and continuing throughout the lifespan, suggesting early interventions are needed to improve sleep. | PMC10066466 | ||
Objective | To investigate whether a responsive parenting (RP) intervention for Black mothers improves infant sleep and increases responsive sleep parenting practices. | PMC10066466 | ||
Design, Setting, and Participants | SECONDARY | This is a post hoc secondary analysis of the Sleep SAAF (Strong African American Families) study, a randomized clinical trial comparing an RP intervention with a safety control condition over the first 16 weeks post partum. Data were collected between spring 2018 and summer 2021. Families were recruited from the mother... | PMC10066466 | |
Interventions | RP | The RP intervention curriculum focused on infant sleep, soothing and crying, and feeding. The control group received a safety intervention. Community research associates delivered the interventions during home visits at 3 and 8 weeks post partum. | PMC10066466 | |
Main Outcomes and Measures | sleep behaviors | The primary end point was infant sleep duration at 16 weeks. Mothers reported on bedtime routine and sleep behaviors, infant sleep duration, and nighttime waking and feeding at 8 and 16 weeks post partum using questionnaires. | PMC10066466 | |
Results | A total of 212 Black mothers (mean [SD] age, 22.7 [4.5] years) were randomized, including 208 mothers (98.6%) who identified as non-Hispanic and 3 mothers (1.4%) who identified as Hispanic; 108 mothers were randomized to the RP group and 104 mothers were randomized to the control group. At 16 weeks post partum, infants... | PMC10066466 | ||
Conclusions and Relevance | SECONDARY | This secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial found that an RP intervention for Black families improved infant sleep and increased some responsive sleep parenting practices. | PMC10066466 | |
Trial Registration | ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: | PMC10066466 | ||
Introduction | weight gain, sleep behaviors | SECONDARY | Black individuals in the US experience disparities in sleep throughout their lifespan.To address this gap, we designed the Sleep SAAF (Strong African American Families) study for primiparous Black mothers and their newborn infants.In this post hoc secondary analysis from the Sleep SAAF trial, we examine effects of the ... | PMC10066466 |
Methods | RECRUITMENT | The Sleep SAAF study was approved by the Augusta University institutional review board. Mothers provided written informed consent for participation in the hospital at the time of recruitment. This study followed the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials ( | PMC10066466 | |
Study Recruitment Flowchart | NICU indicates neonatal intensive care unit; RP, responsive parenting. | PMC10066466 | ||
Participants and Study Design | cleft palate, mental illness, RP | DISORDER, RECRUITMENT | Mother-infant dyads were recruited shortly after delivery from the mother-infant nursery at Augusta University Medical Center in Augusta, Georgia. Recruitment spanned spring 2018 through spring 2021, with a pause from March 9 to August 31, 2020, due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Mothers were eligible if they were primiparo... | PMC10066466 |
Study Interventions | baby syndrome, SIDS | Intervention curricula were delivered by CRAs at the 3- and 8-week home visits. In both conditions, mothers were provided with a packet of intervention handouts that the facilitators talked through with the mother, supplemented with hands-on activities, discussion, and videos. Methods and intervention materials for bot... | PMC10066466 | |
Measures | Demographic information was collected from mothers at 1 week post partum, and child sex, gestational age, and birthweight were abstracted from medical records. At infant ages 3, 8, and 16 weeks, mothers completed the Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire (BISQ) | PMC10066466 | ||
Statistical Analysis | weight gain | Analyses were performed in SAS statistical software version 9.4 (SAS Institute). Descriptive statistics were generated, and differences between groups are presented as the difference between group means or relative risk ratios (RRs) with 95% CIs. Per the study protocol,Statistical power for the study was originally cal... | PMC10066466 | |
Results | A total of 212 mothers (mean [SD] age, 22.7 [4.5] years) were analyzed, including 208 mothers (98.6%) who identified as non-Hispanic and 3 mothers (1.4%) who identified as Hispanic; 108 mothers were randomized to the RP group and 104 mothers were randomized to the control group. | PMC10066466 | ||
Participant Demographics | Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared); RP, responsive parenting; SNAP, Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program; WIC, Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children. | PMC10066466 | ||
Sleep Duration | At 16 weeks, infants in the RP group had longer reported nighttime sleep duration than controls, with a mean difference of 40 (95% CI, 3 to 77) minutes ( | PMC10066466 | ||
Bedtime Routine and Sleep Behaviors | At 8 weeks, RP group infants spent a mean of 42 (95% CI, 10 to 74) minutes longer in bed than control infants, but there was no group difference in time in bed at 16 weeks ( | PMC10066466 | ||
Night Waking and Feeding | At 8 weeks, there were no significant differences in the number of nighttime wakings or feedings ( | PMC10066466 | ||
Discussion | RP | SECONDARY | This secondary analysis of the Sleep SAAF RP randomized clinical trial among Black families found that the intervention significantly improved several aspects of infant sleep and sleep-related parenting practices over the first 16 weeks post partum. Most notably, at 16 weeks, infants in the RP condition were sleeping 4... | PMC10066466 |
Limitations | This study has some limitations. First, all outcomes were reported by mothers using the BISQ, raising the potential for social desirability bias. Sleep duration and nighttime wakings on the BISQ are associated with actigraphy measures, | PMC10066466 | ||
Conclusions | RP | SECONDARY | This secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial found that the Sleep SAAF RP intervention for first-time Black mothers increased infants’ nighttime and total sleep duration, reduced nighttime wakings and feedings, and enhanced some aspects of mothers’ responsive sleep practices (eg, bedtime routines and behavior... | PMC10066466 |
1. Introduction | breast cancer | BREAST CANCER | The burgeoning eHealth campaigns and the emerging daughter-to-mother health communication necessitate a close examination of the intricate mechanism behind recommending preventive behaviors in online settings. The present study addresses existing gaps by investigating how message characteristics and platform-generated ... | PMC9858677 |
1.1. Background | Breast cancer, breast cancer | BREAST CANCER, BREAST CANCER | Breast cancer poses grave threats to women worldwide. In China, the speed of the growth in the breast cancer incidence rate is higher than the global average and in Western countries [Mother–daughter communication is essential in safeguarding women’s health [The extended parallel process model (EPPM), as one of the pre... | PMC9858677 |
1.2. The EPPM as a Theoretical Basis | breast cancer | BREAST CANCER | EPPM posits that people would initiate threat appraisal and efficacy appraisal after encountering fear-inducing messages, which may lead to different outcomes [EPPM has been adopted to explicate breast cancer screening. For instance, Chen and Yang [The preceding studies shed valuable light on the interaction between EP... | PMC9858677 |
1.3. EPPM Constructs and Message Involvement | Conceptualized as the depth of an individual’s attention, comprehension, and elaborate processing at the time of information exposure [Thus far, only a handful of studies have elucidated the association between the EPPM constructs and message involvement. Block and Keller [ | PMC9858677 | ||
1.4. Virality and Message Involvement | As one of the most universal platform cues, virality is inevitable when browsing health information online, which further exerts persuasive effects in tandem with the content [Despite the theoretical rationales, empirical evidence that directly sheds light on how virality metrics influence message involvement is scarce... | PMC9858677 | ||
1.5. Threat, Efficacy, Virality, and Message Involvement | breast cancer | BREAST CANCER | Relevant studies about potential interaction between threat, efficacy, and virality are deficient, making the three-way interaction effect on message involvement largely unknown. Nevertheless, based on existing studies, several reasonable conjectures can be made. For example, the EPPM contends that high threat motivate... | PMC9858677 |
1.6. The Behavioral Outcome of Message Involvement | Message involvement has been proven to be a critical antecedent of behavioral intention and actual behaviors in the health context [
Combining the above hypotheses, we postulate that message involvement mediates the relationship between the recommendation intention and the three-way interaction among threat, efficacy, ... | PMC9858677 | ||
2. Materials and Methods | PMC9858677 | |||
2.1. Design and Participants | This study obtained IRB approval from the corresponding author’s affiliation (Protocol ID: THU202211). An online 2 (threat: low vs. high) by 2 (efficacy: low vs. high) by 2 (virality metrics: low vs. high) between-subjects randomized experiment was performed with participants (i.e., female college students) (Assuming | PMC9858677 | ||
2.2. Stimuli | The Threat manipulation. In line with previous studies [Efficacy manipulation. Consistent with prior endeavors [Virality manipulation. Borrowing from former experience [ | PMC9858677 | ||
2.3. Measures | breast cancer, ’ | BREAST CANCER | Perceived threat. The risk behavior diagnosis (RBD) scale, which is theoretically based on the EPPM, was adapted to measure the threat construct [Perceived efficacy. Drew on the RBD scale [Perceived virality. The measurements of perceived virality were modified from Kim’s work [Recommendation intention. Following previ... | PMC9858677 |
3. Results | PMC9858677 | |||
3.1. Randomization Check | We performed randomization checks to enable comparable groups and prevent selection bias in treatment assignments. Results showed that the eight groups had no significant differences in the participants’ age ( | PMC9858677 | ||
3.2. Manipulation Check | For the three manipulated factors, independent-samples | PMC9858677 | ||
3.3. Hypotheses Testing | breast cancer | REGRESSION, BREAST CANCER | A 2 × 2 × 2 factorial ANCOVA was conducted to test H1. Descriptive statistics for message involvement at different conditions are displayed in Results of ANCOVA indicated a significant three-way interaction effect among threat, efficacy, and virality on message involvement (Specifically, in the low-threat, low-efficacy... | PMC9858677 |
4. Discussion | PMC9858677 | |||
4.1. Explanations of the Findings | breast cancer | BREAST CANCER | Under the backdrop of daughter-to-mother health communication and the increasingly prominent eHealth campaigns, this experimental study examines how the EPPM core constructs interact with virality to affect female college students’ intention to recommend breast cancer screening to their mothers. Several findings merit ... | PMC9858677 |
4.2. Practical Implications | breast cancer | BREAST CANCER | This research sheds light on Internet-based public health campaigns. First of all, to arouse the intention to recommend breast cancer screening, a high-threat message may not be the best option. A viable strategy is to avoid the boomerang effect or defensive avoidance that may be caused by overemphasizing threat [Furth... | PMC9858677 |
4.3. Limitations and Future Directions | anxiety | This study is not without defects. First, we only incorporated message involvement, as a cognitive factor, in the mediation process. However, emotional factors, such as fear or anxiety, may also elicit pertinent appraisals that may affect the subsequent recommendation intention [ | PMC9858677 | |
Author Contributions | Conceptualization, C.L., Z.Z. and J.J.; investigation, C.L., Z.Z. and J.J.; formal analysis, C.L.; writing—original draft preparation, C.L., Z.Z. and J.J.; writing—review and editing, C.L., Z.Z. and J.J.; visualization, C.L.; supervision, C.L. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. | PMC9858677 | ||
Institutional Review Board Statement | The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, and approved by the Institutional Review Board of the Department of Psychology at Tsinghua University (protocol code THU202211 and date of approval: 25 March 2022). | PMC9858677 | ||
Informed Consent Statement | Informed consent was obtained from all subjects involved in the study. | PMC9858677 | ||
Data Availability Statement | The data are available upon reasonable request. For ethical reasons, these data cannot be made public. | PMC9858677 | ||
Conflicts of Interest | The authors declare no conflict of interest. | PMC9858677 | ||
References | breast cancer | BREAST CANCER | The hypothesized model of this study.Two-way interaction between efficacy and virality in the (The demographic characteristics of participants and their mothers (Descriptive statistics for message involvement at different levels of threat, efficacy, and virality (Factors predicting message involvement and recommendatio... | PMC9858677 |
Objectives | RECRUITMENT | Pre-trial acceptability studies may boost recruitment, especially in trials comparing distinctly different interventions. We evaluated the impact of an acceptability study on recruitment to a randomised trial of antipsychotic reduction versus maintenance treatment and explored demographic and clinical predictors of sub... | PMC10053425 | |
Methods | schizophrenia spectrum disorder | Participants with a diagnosis of a schizophrenia spectrum disorder who were taking antipsychotic medication were interviewed about their views of taking part in a future trial. | PMC10053425 | |
Results | SAID | In a sample of 210 participants, 151 (71.9%) expressed an interest in taking part in the future trial, 16 (7.6%) said they might be interested, and 43 (20.5%) said they were not. Altruistic reasons were most commonly given for wanting to take part, and concern about randomisation for not wanting to. Ultimately 57 peopl... | PMC10053425 | |
Conclusion | RECRUITMENT | An acceptability study can be a useful tool for recruitment to challenging trials, but it may over-estimate recruitment. | PMC10053425 | |
Keywords | PMC10053425 | |||
Introduction | RECRUITMENT, RECRUITMENT | Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) are necessary for producing evidence-based interventions across medicine, including mental health services. Recruitment is often challenging, however [Barriers to recruitment include organisational difficulties, patient and clinician attitudes, lack of eligible patients, and difficul... | PMC10053425 | |
Study context | psychotic disorders, schizophrenia, psychiatric | The Research into Antipsychotic Discontinuation and Reduction (RADAR) trial was a randomised trial that compared a gradual, supported process of antipsychotic reduction and discontinuation with maintenance treatment in people with schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders. The primary outcome was social functioning, ... | PMC10053425 | |
Aims | In the current paper, we report data on the effectiveness of the acceptability study in identifying people who could be recruited to the randomised trial. The study aimed to explore people’s views about taking part in a randomised trial of antipsychotic reduction versus maintenance treatment. We also explored differenc... | PMC10053425 | ||
Methods | PMC10053425 | |||
Participants and setting | psychotic depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, delusional disorder, non-affective psychotic disorder | RECRUITMENT | Participants were recruited from community mental health services and primary care practices across four different areas of London between 2016 and 2017. Participants from primary care settings were not included in the current analysis, as the final trial only recruited from specialist mental health services.Eligibilit... | PMC10053425 |
Data collection | RECRUITMENT | An interview schedule was designed to elicit participants’ views on long-term antipsychotic medication use and their interest in participating in a future trial to compare a gradual, supported reduction of antipsychotic medication to maintenance treatment (the RADAR trial). The interview schedule was further developed ... | PMC10053425 | |
Analysis | REGRESSION, RECRUITMENT | All analyses were conducted using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS, Version 27.0, IBM Corp, 2020). The numbers and proportions of patients who indicated a willingness to participate in the future trial, their reasons for wanting or not wanting to take part and the numbers who actually enrolled were all com... | PMC10053425 | |
Results | REGRESSION, SAID | A total of 210 participants from specialist mental health services were included in the analyses. Table
Sample characteristics and differences between those who took part in the RADAR trial and those who did notWhen asked about whether they might be willing to take part in a future randomised trial of antipsychotic me... | PMC10053425 | |
Discussion | PMC10053425 | |||
Key findings | antipsychotic reduction, psychosis | SAID, RECRUITMENT | Ultimately, over a quarter of people (27.1%) who participated in the acceptability study enrolled in the randomized trial of antipsychotic reduction. This was fewer than the 71.9% of participants who said they would consider taking part when they were interviewed, but nevertheless it represented a substantial number of... | PMC10053425 |
Acknowledgements | Thank you to North East London NHS Foundation Trust for sponsoring this research. | PMC10053425 | ||
Author Contribution | SP, JM, NC, JS, ZH and GR were responsible for the study concept and design. ML conducted data collection. GR, ZH, and JS conducted the analysis. GR wrote the first draft of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. | PMC10053425 | ||
Funding | This study was conducted as part of research funded by the National Institute for Health and care Research (NIHR); grant number RP-PG-0514-20004. The funder had no role in the design and conduct of the study; collection, management, analysis and interpretation of the data; preparation of the manuscript. | PMC10053425 | ||
Data Availability | The datasets generated and/or analysed during the current study are not publicly available but may be available from the corresponding author on reasonable request. | PMC10053425 | ||
Declarations | PMC10053425 | |||
Ethics approval and consent to participate | Ethical approval for the acceptability study was provided by the East of Scotland Research Ethics Service (REC reference: 15/ES/0163). Ethical approval for the RADAR trial was provided by the Brent Research Ethics Committee (REC reference: 16/LO/1507).All methods were carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines ... | PMC10053425 | ||
Consent for publication | Not applicable. | PMC10053425 | ||
Competing Interest | JM is chief investigator for a National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) funded trial of antipsychotic reduction versus maintenance treatment, part of the Research into Antipsychotic Discontinuation and Reduction (RADAR) programme. SP is co-chief investigator for the RADAR programme. Other authors have no competing ... | PMC10053425 | ||
Abbreviations | Randomised controlled trialResearch into Antipsychotic Discontinuation and ReductionLived Experience Advisory PanelDrug Attitude InventoryLong-acting injection | PMC10053425 | ||
References | PMC10053425 | |||
1. Introduction | obesity, Obesity | OBESITY, OBESITY | We aimed to investigate the effect of different intensities of aerobic exercise (VOAccording to the World Health Organization (WHO), obesity is defined as “abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that presents a risk to health.” Obesity became a global health problem by the end of the 20th century [A major breakthrough ... | PMC10001681 |
2. Materials and Methods | PMC10001681 | |||
2.1. Subjects | obesity, metabolic disease | OBESITY, METABOLIC DISEASE | This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Dongguk University (DGU IRB 20200033-1). We included 16 middle-aged women (age > 40 years) with obesity (>30% body fat) and without any previous diagnosis of metabolic disease or other health problems. The participants did not perform any regular physical acti... | PMC10001681 |
2.2. Body Fat Measurement | CREST | The body fat was measured by a certified expert in three regions (triceps, front of thigh, and iliac crest) using the skinfold thickness method, and all processes were conducted according to the International Society for Advanced Kinanthropometry. After measurement, body fat was estimated using the formula by Siri [ | PMC10001681 | |
2.3. Blood Samples and Analysis | BLOOD | Blood samples were obtained from the antecubital vein after a 12-h fast (both before and after 8 weeks of exercise) and collected into vacutainer tubes with EDTA under the same conditions and time periods. The collected blood was centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 10 min and stored in a deep freezer at −70 °C. The total chole... | PMC10001681 | |
2.4. VO | HEART | To estimate VOSex: man = 1, woman = 0; HR: Heart rate immediately after the end of walking. | PMC10001681 | |
2.5. Exercise Program | The exercise program used in this study is shown in | PMC10001681 | ||
2.6. Statistical Analysis | All data analyses in this study were conducted using IBM SPSS Statistics ver. 22.0 (IBM, Armonk, New York, NY, USA). The means and standard errors of all measurements were calculated. The sample size for this study was calculated using the G-Power program (University of Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany). We set the effe... | PMC10001681 | ||
3. Results | PMC10001681 | |||
3.1. Body Weight and Body Fat | After eight weeks of exercise, there were no significant interaction effects between group and time on body weight and body fat percentage. In the main effect test, although body weight ( | PMC10001681 | ||
3.2. Lipid Profiles | TG | After eight weeks of exercise, there were no significant interaction effects between group and time for total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL). The main effect test results for TC ( | PMC10001681 | |
3.3. Adipokines | Adiponectin demonstrated a significant interaction effect between group and time ( | PMC10001681 | ||
4. Discussion | obesity | OBESITY, DISEASES, CHRONIC DISEASES | This study compared the effects of different aerobic exercise intensities for combined exercises (50% VOChanges in body weight and body fat are important factors related to the treatment of health problems and diseases [Aerobic exercises—such as walking, jogging, and running—are traditionally performed to alter blood l... | PMC10001681 |
Author Contributions | Conceptualization, D.-H.O. and J.-K.L.; data curation, J.-K.L.; formal analysis, J.-K.L.; funding acquisition, D.-H.O. and J.-K.L.; investigation, D.-H.O. and J.-K.L.; methodology, D.-H.O. and J.-K.L.; project administration, J.-K.L.; resources, D.-H.O. and J.-K.L.; writing—original draft, J.-K.L.; writing— review and ... | PMC10001681 | ||
Institutional Review Board Statement | The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Dongguk University (DGU IRB 20200033-1). | PMC10001681 | ||
Informed Consent Statement | Informed consent was obtained from all subjects involved in the study. | PMC10001681 | ||
Data Availability Statement | The data are available upon reasonable request to the authors. The data are not publicly available due to the privacy protection of the participants. | PMC10001681 |
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