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References | legend: design of the trial.(Individual percentage changes in PPi, comparing the end of the placebo phase and the end of the lansoprazole phase. 20.2% (2.7–31.5%).Clinical characteristics of patients.Data are showed as mean ± SD or N (%). Abbreviation: ABI, ankle–brachial index.Laboratory parameters in the final visits... | PMC10003519 | ||
Methods | obesity | OBESITY | A total of 77 female college students with hidden obesity, aged 18–22 years, were randomly assigned to a control group (CON, | PMC10235762 |
Results | (1) Intragroup comparison before and after the intervention revealed that the TRF, EXE, and TRF + EXE groups had significantly reduced body weight ( | PMC10235762 | ||
Conclusion | obesity | OBESITY | TRF effectively decreased body weight and BMI in female college students with hidden obesity. However, increased blood lipid levels and decreased LTM levels were also observed. The effects of TRF combined with exercise were not superior to those of TRF or walking alone in terms of body weight, body mass index, body com... | PMC10235762 |
1. Introduction | obesity, normal-weight obesity | OBESITY | Intermittent fasting (IF), which refers to a dietary intervention that alternates between free eating and fasting, has recently become a popular dietary strategy. Studies have shown that it has many potential benefits for the body (Recently, there has been an increased scientific interest worldwide in hidden obesity. H... | PMC10235762 |
2. Materials and methods | PMC10235762 | |||
2.1. Participants | This study enrolled 90 female students aged 18–22 years from Henan University between September 2021 and April 2022. The inclusion criteria were BMI between 18.5 kg/mWe used random number sequences for this group (Flow of participant selection in the study. CON, control; TRF, time-restricted feeding; EXE, exercise; TRF... | PMC10235762 | ||
2.2. Study design | This was an 8 week ( | PMC10235762 | ||
2.3. Indicator testing | PMC10235762 | |||
2.3.1. Height measurement | The height of the participants was measured by members of the study team. The participants were asked to stand barefoot in an upright position with their heels and forefeet at a 60°angle on a height test meter. The height reading was accurately measured to the nearest 0.01 cm, and the average of three measurements was ... | PMC10235762 | ||
2.3.2. Body weight, body composition, and bone mineral density measurements | Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, ATM | Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (Hologic, Horizon-Wi, United States) was used to evaluate body weight, BF%, adipose tissue mass (ATM), lean tissue mass (LTM), and total bone mineral density (TBMD). A quality assurance procedure was performed prior to testing. The participants were asked to remove any metal objects (su... | PMC10235762 | |
2.3.3. Blood lipid index data | morning fasting venous blood samples, TG | One day before the start and 1 day after the end of the intervention, early morning fasting venous blood samples were collected from all participants in a standardized manner at the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University. Total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), an... | PMC10235762 | |
2.3.4. Blood pressure measurement | Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were measured using medical automatic electronic blood pressure monitor (Omron, HBP-9020, Japan). Participants were asked to avoid strenuous activity for 1 h before measurement and to rest quietly for 10 min before measurement. The right forearm was place... | PMC10235762 | ||
2.4. Walking monitoring | An ActiGraph GT3X triaxial accelerometer was used to monitor the participants’ daily step count and energy expenditure. The participants were instructed to wear the accelerometer on their left wrist. Daily steps during the 8 week intervention.CON, control; TRF, time-restricted feeding; EXE, walking exercise; TRF + EXE,... | PMC10235762 | ||
2.5. Quality control | ADVERSE REACTIONS | To ensure that each participant could apply the TRF approach and walking exercise program independently, a thorough description of both activities was provided to all participants prior to trial commencement. During the intervention, weekly communication was conducted with the participants, and any adverse reactions ex... | PMC10235762 | |
2.6. Sample size | We used G* Power software (version 3.1.9.7) to calculate the sample size. At least 76 participants were required to achieve a statistical power of 90% at the | PMC10235762 | ||
2.7. Statistical analysis | Experimental data are expressed as means ± standard deviation. The data were tested for normality. One-way ANOVA was used to test for homogeneity between the groups before the intervention and to detect differences in the changes between before and after the intervention. | PMC10235762 | ||
3. Results | PMC10235762 | |||
3.1. Baseline characteristics | No statistically significant differences were found in the participant preintervention baseline indicators among the CON, TRF, EXE, and TRF + EXE groups (Baseline characteristics of the study participants (The data were expressed as means ± standard deviations. CON, control; TRF, time-restricted feeding; EXE, walking e... | PMC10235762 | ||
3.2. Changes in body weight and body mass index | After the 8 week intervention, intragroup comparisons revealed that participants in the TRF, EXE, and TRF + EXE groups showed significant reductions in both weight and BMI (Changes in the health indicators of the participants before and after intervention.In the intra-group comparison, * indicates After the 8 week inte... | PMC10235762 | ||
3.3. Changes in body composition and bone mineral density | After the 8 week intervention, the intragroup comparison revealed that the BF% increased significantly in the EXE and TRF + EXE groups (After the 8 week intervention, BF% showed a positive change in all groups, but the TRF group showed the smallest change (Changes in the body composition and total bone mineral density ... | PMC10235762 | ||
3.4. Changes in blood lipid levels and blood pressure | After the 8 week intervention, the intragroup comparison revealed that TC levels increased significantly in the TRF, EXE, and TRF + EXE groups (As shown in Changes in the blood lipid levels and blood pressure after the 8 week intervention. Changes are expressed as means ± standard errors and calculated by subtracting t... | PMC10235762 | ||
3.5. Adverse reactions | ADVERSE REACTIONS, MINOR, ADVERSE REACTIONS | No serious adverse reactions were reported in the participants in the three intervention groups; however, the number of participants experiencing minor adverse reactions was higher in the TRF (57.9% of participants), and TRF + EXE (78.9%) groups than in the EXE group (40%) (Adverse reactions of the participants during ... | PMC10235762 | |
4. Discussion | Obesity | OBESITY | Obesity is a global public health issue that is attracting widespread public attention. The TRF dietary pattern allowed participants to reduce their energy intake ( | PMC10235762 |
4.1. Effect of time-restricted feeding and walking exercise on body composition of hidden obesity in female college students | obesity, eating behaviors, weight loss, Eating behavior | OBESITY | This study found that after the 8 week intervention, the BF% of the participants in the TRF and TRF + EXE groups increased considerably; in the EXE and TRF + EXE groups, LTM decreased significantly after the 8 week intervention. These results indicate that among female college students with hidden obesity, the 8 week T... | PMC10235762 |
4.2. Effect of time-restricted feeding and walking exercise on BMD of hidden obesity in female college students | obesity | OBESITY | In this study, there were no significant differences in TBMD between the TRF, EXE, and TRF + EXE groups before and after the intervention. Increased fat and reduced muscle mass are characteristics of individuals with hidden obesity. Excess fat also has a negative impact on bone mineral density ( | PMC10235762 |
4.3. Effect of time-restricted feeding and walking exercise on blood lipids of hidden obesity in female college students | This study found that after the 8 week intervention, participants in different intervention groups showed varying degrees of elevated blood lipid levels. This suggests that the study intervention had a negative effect on lipid levels. To date, it has not been conclusively demonstrated whether TRF lowers blood lipid lev... | PMC10235762 | ||
5. Limitations | DISEASES | This study presents some limitations. First, the sample size was small and the intervention period was short. Further studies should be conducted involving large samples and over long periods of time. Second, relevant indicators were not tested for the 4 week intervention outcomes. Moreover, some indicators, such as bl... | PMC10235762 | |
6. Conclusion | obesity | OBESITY | Although TRF reduced body weight and BMI in the participants of this study, it also resulted in an increase in blood lipid levels and loss of LTM. In terms of body weight, BMI, body composition, TBMD, and blood lipid levels, TRF combined with walking exercise did not achieve better results than TRF or walking exercise ... | PMC10235762 |
Data availability statement | The original contributions presented in the study are included in the article/supplementary material, further inquiries can be directed to the corresponding author. | PMC10235762 | ||
Ethics statement | HUSOM2021 | The studies involving human participants were reviewed and approved by This project was approved by the Ethics Committee of Human Research of Henan university (HUSOM2021-210). The patients/participants provided their written informed consent to participate in this study. | PMC10235762 | |
Author contributions | HL | HL: conceptualization, validation, writing—review and editing, supervision, and project administration. HL and SC: methodology, formal analysis, and writing—original draft preparation. SC and HJ: software. SC, HJ, and ZD: investigation. ZD and SC: data curation. SC: visualization. All authors contributed to the article... | PMC10235762 | |
Funding | This research was funded by the Henan Science and Technology Development Project (grant number 202102310320), the Kaifeng Science and Technology Development Project (grant number 2003006), the Postgraduate Cultivating Innovation and Quality Improvement Action Plan of Henan University (grant number SYL-AL2022011), and t... | PMC10235762 | ||
Conflict of interest | The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. | PMC10235762 | ||
Publisher’s note | All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article, or claim that may be made by its manufacturer, is not guaranteed or ... | PMC10235762 | ||
References | PMC10235762 | |||
Purpose | LENS | The aim of this study was to deduce theoretically and verify the resolution limit of human eye to spherical lens change for more reasonable design of the trial lenses. | PMC10113289 | |
Methods | MYOPIA | A total of 119 normal subjects with different myopia (not more than − 6D) were included. First, the resolution limit of discernible change in spherical power was derived based on the optical model. Then, the subjects were observed to see if they could perceive the changes in spherical power as per the resolution limit ... | PMC10113289 | |
Results | diopter | LENS | Assuming that the cone cell diameter is 3 μm and the pupil diameter of 4 mm, the theoretically resolution limit was 0.05D. When the diopter of spherical power was increased, the ratios of ability to perceive 0.05D spherical lens change were 98.3% and 96.7% in right and left eyes. When the diopter of spherical power was... | PMC10113289 |
Keywords | PMC10113289 | |||
Introduction | overcorrection, myopia, undercorrection | MYOPIA, LENS | In the information age, the prevalence of myopia among adolescents is increasing year by year, evidenced by up to 80% of myopia among Chinese high school students. Frame glasses are still the main method for myopia correction. Previous studies have shown that overcorrection or undercorrection will lead to the accelerat... | PMC10113289 |
Materials and methods | PMC10113289 | |||
Calculation of the theoretically derived resolution limit of human eye to spherical lens change | diopter | Let the diopter of a human eye optical model be A (D), the diameter of human cone cell B (μm), and the pupil diameter The optical model of minimum limit of discernible change in spherical powerBy substituting the total diopter of human eye, the diameter of cone cell and the pupil diameter in Formula ( | PMC10113289 | |
Clinical validation of the resolution limit of human eye to spherical lens change | PMC10113289 | |||
Study participants | astigmatism, myopia | ASTIGMATISM, MYOPIA | The data were prospectively collected from myopia volunteers who visited Beijing Tongren Hospital from September 2020 to September 2021. The research was approved by the Human Studies Committee at Beijing Tongren Hospital (Beijing, China) in accordance with the Code of Ethics of the World Medical Association (registrat... | PMC10113289 |
Examination procedures | PMC10113289 | |||
Adjust the spherical power at an interval of 0.25D to find the red-green balance point | confusion | CROSS, RETINA | Standard subjective refraction was performed using a standard phoropter. The monocular best vision sphere was determined using the Duochrome chart to ensure the circle of least confusion was on the retina before conducting Jackson Cross Cylinder (JCC). The circle of least confusion was maintained on the retina as cylin... | PMC10113289 |
Verify the resolution limit of change in spherical power | diopter | Starting from the diopter of red-green balance point of equal clarity obtained by adjusting the spherical power at an interval of 0.25D, the diopter of spherical power was increased and decreased by one time of resolution limit, respectively. The volunteers were asked for any changes in the clarity of the red and green... | PMC10113289 | |
Statistical analysis | Before study initiation, we calculated the necessary sample size to ensure feasibility, we recruited 30 volunteers to observe the resolution limit of discernible change in spherical power. The mean resolution limit of change in spherical power was 0.05 ± 0.01. The test level was 0.05 and the test power was 0.80, 110 vo... | PMC10113289 | ||
Patient and public involvement | No patients or the public were involved in the study protocol design, the specific aims or the research questions, and the plans for the design or implementation of the current study. No patients or the public were involved in the interpretation of the results of the study or preparation of the manuscript. There are no... | PMC10113289 | ||
Results | PMC10113289 | |||
The theoretically derived resolution limit of human eye to spherical lens change | diopter | When the total diopter of a human eye was 60.00D, the diameter of cone cell of 3 μm [ | PMC10113289 | |
Clinical validation of the theoretically derived resolution limit of human eye to spherical lens change | powerAs, diopter | As shown in Table Basic information of included volunteersThe resolution limit that volunteers can resolve is shown in Table Limit of discernible change in spherical powerAs shown in Table Distribution of the resolution limits for changes in the actually resolved diopter of spherical powerTable Prescription and correct... | PMC10113289 | |
Author Contributions | All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection and analysis were performed by [ZY], [GJ] and [DY]. The first draft of the manuscript was written by [ZY] and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript... | PMC10113289 | ||
Funding | This work was supported by the Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine and Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Project (Z201100005520042). | PMC10113289 | ||
Declarations | PMC10113289 | |||
Competing interests | The authors declare no competing interests. | PMC10113289 | ||
Conflict of interests | The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose. | PMC10113289 | ||
Ethics Approval | This study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Approval was granted by the Ethics Committee of Beijing Tongren Hospital B (2019/05/30, TRECKY2018-028).” | PMC10113289 | ||
Consent to participate | Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study. | PMC10113289 | ||
Patient consent | Obtained. | PMC10113289 | ||
References | PMC10113289 | |||
Background | This study aims to assess the influence of using 3D-printed acrylic resin versus conventional Poly-methyl methacrylate (PMMA) for fabricating ocular prostheses on the biofilm and microbial flora of anophthalmic socket. | PMC10729395 | ||
Methods | A randomized controlled trial was designed as a parallel group study. Participants were allocated randomly into two groups: the control group, which received conventionally fabricated ocular prostheses (CG, | PMC10729395 | ||
Results | Test group (DG, | PMC10729395 | ||
Conclusions | The choice of ocular prosthesis fabrication technique did not yield a statistically significant difference in anophthalmic flora. However, the 3D-printed acrylic resin, as an artificial eye material, displayed potential advantages in reducing the colonization of opportunistic pathogens. All subjective clinical evaluati... | PMC10729395 | ||
Trial registration | This parallel double-blinded RCT has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov with identification number: NCT05584865, 18/10/2022. | PMC10729395 | ||
Keywords | Open access funding provided by The Science, Technology & Innovation Funding Authority (STDF) in cooperation with The Egyptian Knowledge Bank (EKB). | PMC10729395 | ||
Background | eyeball deformities, palpebral muscle tone, infections, CAD, orthodontic, denture, palpebral collapse | CNS INFECTIONS, INFECTIONS, PATHOPHYSIOLOGY, CAVITY, CONJUNCTIVA, CAD | The objectives of treating anophthalmic patients with ocular prostheses are to restore facial aesthetics and self-esteem. This involves repairing eyeball deformities, protecting the anophthalmic cavity, preserving the palpebral muscle tone, inhibiting palpebral collapse, restoring lachrymal direction, and preventing th... | PMC10729395 |
Methods | PMC10729395 | |||
Study setting | This clinical and microbiological comparative study took place at the Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, and the Department of Microbiology, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University. This trial has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov with identification number: NCT05584865, registration date... | PMC10729395 | ||
Sample size calculation | The sample size was calculated with 5% alpha error and 80% study power. Hashem et al. [ | PMC10729395 | ||
Inclusion and exclusion criteria | psychological disorder | EYE INFECTION, SYSTEMIC DISEASE | All subjects enrolled in the study had unilateral anophthalmic socket. The subject-related inclusion criteria were: (i) age range between 19 and 65 years; (ii) Had enough ocular bed to accommodate the ocular prosthesis; (iii) At least 3 months after surgery to allow complete healing of the socket. Subjects were exclude... | PMC10729395 |
Study design | This is a randomized, parallel control trial with two balanced parallel arms, following the CONSORT checklist [
Flow diagram of study design following CONSORT guidelinesAfter obtaining informed consent and a patient’s medical history, epidemiological data of interest were collected including age, gender, eye loss, etio... | PMC10729395 | ||
Ocular Prosthesis Fabrication in Group I (Conventional Method) | SCLERA | In the case of Group I, a conventional custom-made ocular prosthesis was created following the original technique described by Cain [For the iris disk (Factor II Inc., Lakeside. AZ, USA) was utilized and painted using oil pigments (Gouache oil, Northampton, USA) or earth pigments dissolved in a solvent such as monopoly... | PMC10729395 | |
Ocular Prosthesis Fabrication in Group II (Digital 3D-Printed Ocular Prosthesis) | CAD | SCLERA, CAD | In group II, a digitally designed 3D-printed ocular prosthesis was created. A Computerized Tomography (CT) scan image for the orbit was obtained, providing detailed information about the anophthalmic socket in a layered format. Digital Imaging and Communications in medicine (DICOM) data from the CT scan were imported i... | PMC10729395 |
Subjective clinical evaluation (Questionnaire) | dryness, pain | A validated questionnaire was employed to assess the comfort level of the patients. Prior to its use, the questionnaire underwent pilot testing with six prosthodontics experts who were involved in the study. These experts assessed both the content and face validity of the questionnaire. The content validity index per i... | PMC10729395 | |
Microbiological analysis | non-lactose | FRANKLIN, BRAIN, STERILE, CAVITY, STERILE, HEART, CONJUNCTIVA | Swabs for microbiological evaluation were collected from the conjunctiva of the defective socket in both groups before the insertion of the prosthesis and again three months later, following the removal of the artificial eye using a suction cup. Prior to sample collection, patients were instructed not to use antibiotic... | PMC10729395 |
Blinding | BLIND | A double-blinding strategy was employed in this trial. Both the patients and evaluators were blinded. Evaluators were blinded because pre-prosthetic and post-prosthetic swabs were taken when the prosthesis was not present in the socket. Because the construction methods employed for the conventional and digital ocular p... | PMC10729395 | |
Statistical analysis | Descriptive statistics were calculated as frequencies and percentages. Comparisons of microbial growth between the two study groups were conducted using the Fisher exact test. The McNemar test was employed for comparisons of microbial growth before and after the intervention within each group. Intention-to-treat analys... | PMC10729395 | ||
Results | Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 22 patients were included in this clinical trial, 11 in each group. After a 3-month follow-up, the data were collected and applied for the statistical analysis. All patients completed the study without dropping out of any patient after randomization. | PMC10729395 | ||
Questionnaire | A statistically significant difference was recoded regarding the level of comfort between the two groups, both after one week of prosthesis insertion (
Comfort levelAs for discharge rating, there was no statistically significant difference observed between both groups, either after one week of prosthesis insertion (
Di... | PMC10729395 | ||
Discussion | Enterococci, P. aeruginosa, Candida albicans, Depressions, Candida albicans yeast, S. aureus | PROSTHETIC INFECTION, PROLIFERATION, ADHESION, CAVITY, PSEUDOMONAS, KLEBSIELLA, HEAT | While various factors can influence the comfort level of ocular prosthesis patients, the disturbance of ocular flora may be the most crucial factor affecting their ocular comfort. Previous studies have examined changes in microbial flora within anophthalmic sockets. However, the majority of these studies focused on com... | PMC10729395 |
Conclusions | From the current study we can conclude the following:
Digitally designed 3D-printed customized ocular prosthesis are considered a successful treatment modality for treating anophthalmic patients.Patients with 3D-printed ocular prostheses had a lower percentage of microbial growth in their sockets compared to the conven... | PMC10729395 | ||
Authors’ contributions | MEA | YAT, FSM, SAE and MEA contributed to conceptualization, methodology. YAT contributed to data collection, curation, material preparation and analysis of the laboratory data. SAE supervised processing of microbiological samples, analysis and acquisition of microbiological data. MEA contributed to interpretation of data. ... | PMC10729395 | |
Funding | Open access funding provided by The Science, Technology & Innovation Funding Authority (STDF) in cooperation with The Egyptian Knowledge Bank (EKB). The authors did not receive any funding for this study. | PMC10729395 | ||
Availability of data and materials | The datasets used and analyzed during the current RCT are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request. | PMC10729395 | ||
Declarations | PMC10729395 | |||
Ethics approval and consent to participate | This study was approved by The Research Ethics Committee, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Egypt (international No.: IORG0008839, ethics committee number: 0441-6/2022; date of registration: 9/6/2022). All patients were informed about the treatment and signed informed consent forms before enrollment in this ... | PMC10729395 | ||
Consent for publication | Not applicable. | PMC10729395 | ||
Competing interests | The authors declare no competing interests. | PMC10729395 | ||
References | PMC10729395 | |||
Background | INFECTIOUS DISEASE | Disclosure of infectious disease status to social network peers can facilitate reaching and early detection among high-risk populations. In this era of social media, globally, HIV/AIDS represents a high burden of infectious disease. Thus, delivery of an HIV result e-report via social media presents a new approach that ... | PMC10337306 | |
Objective | WeChat-based | RECRUITMENT | This study explores the effectiveness and associated factors of a recruitment strategy (ie, WeChat-based HIV e-report delivery in social networks) on the enrollment of men who have sex with men (MSM) for an HIV testing intervention study. | PMC10337306 |
Methods | ’ transformation, MSM | EVENTS, RECRUITMENT | This was an enrollment result analysis of an ongoing cluster randomized controlled trial (RCT) aiming to promote HIV testing among MSM. Recruitment of potential participants was based on the unit of an egocentric social network, which includes 1 core member (an offline tested ego as the recruiter) and several network m... | PMC10337306 |
Results | ’ transformation, alter-egos | RECRUITMENT | The e-report of 1157 egos who tested offline were delivered to 5165 alters in 3 recruitment waves; eventually, 1162 eligible alters enrolled in this RCT (response rate: 22.5%). In the exchangeable e-report group, 544 egos recruited 467 alters, of which 35 alters transformed to alter-egos (7.5%), whereas in the regular ... | PMC10337306 |
Conclusions | infectious diseases, MSM | INFECTIOUS DISEASES, RECRUITMENT | The delivery of e-report was feasible in MSM social network, and the success and sustainability of online recruitment depended on high levels of familiarity among MSM with the digital tool. The HIV e-report exchange mechanism might promote MSM to test HIV offline to get their own e-report for exchange in the community.... | PMC10337306 |
Introduction | infectious diseases, HIV testing [ | INFECTIOUS DISEASES, RECRUITMENT | Controlling the spread of viruses, such as HIV, is essential for preventing and managing infectious diseases [Enhancing internal demand for HIV testing services and interventions is essential for the successful and sustainable scaling up of HIV testing. To achieve this goal, community engagement plays a critical role. ... | PMC10337306 |
Methods | PMC10337306 | |||
Overview | This study analyzed the baseline data of MSM recruited in a cluster RCT in Guangzhou (Guangdong, China) from September 2019 to January 2022 [ | PMC10337306 |
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