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Participants and Study Recruitment Procedures | RECRUITMENT, DISEASE | Recruitment was conducted at the Guangzhou Lingnan Community Support Center (hereinafter, Lingnan), a local MSM-friendly HIV testing clinic supported by the Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) [Potential participants were recruited according to the unit of an egocentric social network, which inclu... | PMC10337306 | |
Assessments | PMC10337306 | |||
Recruitment Outcomes | ’ transformation, MSM, alter-egos | RECRUITMENT | The first recruitment outcome was whether egos recruited alters completing online enrollment by delivering HIV e-reports. Egos who successfully recruited alters were defined as ego-RA; otherwise they were defined as ego-NRA. For the first outcome, egos were the target population for analysis. The second recruitment out... | PMC10337306 |
Independent Variables | PMC10337306 | |||
Associations Between Egos’ Characteristics and Alters’ Online Enrollment | type of HIV e-report | The following egos’ characteristics were included as independent variables to analyze their influence on alters’ online enrollment: demographic characteristics, socioeconomic status, MSM-related information, and HIV e-report delivery information. Demographic characteristics were age, marital status, education level, le... | PMC10337306 | |
Associations Between Alters’ Characteristics and Alters’ Transformation into Alter-Egos | sexual behavior, HIV testing, preference for HIV testing, ’ transformation, HIV testing social norms, infection, alter-egos | INFECTION, RECRUITMENT | The following alters’ characteristics were included as independent variables to analyze their influence on alters’ transformation into offline ego recruiters (alter-egos) for the second recruitment wave: demographic characteristics, socioeconomic status, MSM-related information, HIV e-report delivery information, HIV/s... | PMC10337306 |
Data Collection | WeChat-based, sexual behavior, ’ | RECRUITMENT, RECRUITMENT | Egos’ demographic characteristics, socioeconomic status, and MSM-related information were collected face-to-face through well-trained surveyors in Lingnan using an electronic standardized questionnaire.Alters’ demographic characteristics, socioeconomic status, MSM-related information, HIV/STI testing information, high-... | PMC10337306 |
Data Analysis | PMC10337306 | |||
Descriptive Analysis of Overall Recruitment | RECRUITMENT, RECRUITMENT | The social network visualization graph was used to show the overall recruitment situation. Recruitment outcomes were compared between the 2 arms of the RCT. Continuous variables with normal or near-normal distribution are described as the mean (SD) and were compared between groups using the Student | PMC10337306 | |
Regression Analysis of Recruitment-Associated Factors | Two-part, alter-egos | REGRESSION, RECRUITMENT | Two-part models were fitted to estimate correlates of alters who had successfully enrolled. In the first part, a logistic regression model was used to estimate the probability of alters who successfully enrolled among those to whom egos had forwarded e-reports. In the second part, for egos that successfully recruited a... | PMC10337306 |
Qualitative Analysis | ’ transformation | RECRUITMENT, PBC | Qualitative interviews were conducted to understand the facilitators of and barriers to online alters’ transformation into offline egos for subsequent recruitment waves. The qualitative interviews were focused on 2 primary topics: alters’ demand for appointment-based HIV testing services and the utilization of e-report... | PMC10337306 |
Ethical Considerations | The study was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of Sun Yat-sen University (Institutional Review Board number 054/19; February 28, 2019) and confirmed by Lingnan before the study. Participation in this study was voluntary and all data were made anonymous. We included only those that had provided written or o... | PMC10337306 | ||
Results | PMC10337306 | |||
Recruitment Outcomes and Associated Factors at First Wave | PMC10337306 | |||
Qualitative Results About Barriers for Alters’ Transformation into Offline Alter-Egos | PMC10337306 | |||
Overview | WeChat-based | Qualitative interviews were conducted with 8 participants: 5 alters (A1-A5) and 3 alter-egos (B1-B3). The major barriers to transformation from online alters to offline egos (ie, the reasons why online alters did not undergo HIV testing at Lingnan and thus did not transform into alter-egos) were (1) low awareness of th... | PMC10337306 | |
Awareness of the Functions of the WeChat-Based Mini-Program “ChaBei” | WeChat-based | SAID | “ChaBei” is a WeChat-based tool to promote HIV testing in Guangzhou, China. Some participants believed in the authenticity and anonymity of HIV e-reports. B1 stated, “I think testing at healthcare facilities will be more accurate than self-testing.” B3 said, “I think Lingnan Center’s e-reports are as reliable as hospit... | PMC10337306 |
Inadequate Access to HIV e-Reports at Offline Testing Service Facilities | At the time of this study, “ChaBei” was a recently developed app and initially only allowed appointment booking at Lingnan; therefore, participants who tested at Lingnan were able to obtain HIV e-reports. Despite 60% of MSM in Guangzhou undergoing HIV testing at Lingnan [ | PMC10337306 | ||
Demand for Offline HIV Testing | sexual behavior, alter-egos | SAID | The alter-egos preferred regular offline HIV testing. B2 stated, “I find it convenient to book tests online.” B3 said, “I am mainly in the habit of regular testing.” Among alters who did not transform, some expressed that they did not have high-risk sexual behavior or regular testing habits. A5 said, “I don’t need to g... | PMC10337306 |
Discussion | PMC10337306 | |||
Principal Findings | communicable disease, MSM | COMMUNICABLE DISEASE, RECRUITMENT | This study assessed the use of HIV e-reports as a tool for recruiting MSM participants for an HIV testing study via social networks. Similar to offline recruitment, MSM egos forwarded their e-reports to more MSM peers (thus, to larger active social networks) and were thus more likely to recruit alters for the study. Ho... | PMC10337306 |
Limitations | MAY | This study has several limitations that should be acknowledged. First, the implementation of this study was affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly during the lockdown period (February to May 2020) in China during which HIV testing services were disrupted. Second, this study lacked sufficient resources to inves... | PMC10337306 | |
Conclusions | communicable diseases, WeChat-based, communicable disease, infectious disease | COMMUNICABLE DISEASES, RECRUITMENT, INFECTIOUS DISEASE, REGRESSION, COMMUNICABLE DISEASE | This study recruited sufficient MSM to participate in an HIV testing intervention study through the delivery of HIV e-reports in social networks using a WeChat-based mini-program “ChaBei.” The delivery of e-reports was acceptable in MSM social networks. The HIV e-report exchange mechanism might promote MSM to test HIV ... | PMC10337306 |
Abbreviations | DISEASE | Center for Disease Control and Preventionmen who have sex with menmultivariate-adjusted odds ratiorandomized controlled trialsocial network strategysexually transmitted infectionunprotected anal intercourseJoint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS | PMC10337306 | |
Data Availabilty | The data sets generated during or analyzed during this study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request. | PMC10337306 | ||
Key Points | PMC10701610 | |||
Question | ASCVD, CKD, chronic kidney disease | ATHEROSCLEROTIC CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE, EVENTS, ASCVD | Among adults older than 65 years with chronic kidney disease (CKD) stages 3 to 4 and no history of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), is new statin use associated with lower risk of mortality or major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE)? | PMC10701610 |
Findings | In this cohort study of 14 828 participants, a target trial emulation of statin initiation found that statins were significantly associated with a 9% lower risk of all-cause mortality. There was a numerically lower risk of MACE, but the results were not statistically significant. | PMC10701610 | ||
Meaning | CKD, chronic kidney disease | EVENTS, ASCVD | These findings suggest that in older adults with CKD stages 3 to 4 without prior ASCVD, statin initiation may lower risk of mortality and MACE.This cohort study uses target trail emulation to evaluate the association of statin use with all-cause mortality and major adverse cardiovascular events among US veterans older ... | PMC10701610 |
Importance | death, ASCVD, CKD, chronic kidney disease | ATHEROSCLEROTIC CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE, ASCVD | There are limited data for the utility of statins for primary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and death in adults with chronic kidney disease (CKD). | PMC10701610 |
Objective | CKD | EVENTS | To evaluate the association of statin use with all-cause mortality and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) among US veterans older than 65 years with CKD stages 3 to 4. | PMC10701610 |
Design, Setting, and Participants | CKD | ASCVD | This cohort study used a target trial emulation design for statin initiation among veterans with moderate CKD (stages 3 or 4) using nested trials with a propensity weighting approach. Linked Veterans Affairs (VA) Healthcare System, Medicare, and Medicaid data were used. This study considered veterans newly diagnosed wi... | PMC10701610 |
Exposure | Statin initiation vs none. | PMC10701610 | ||
Main Outcomes and Measures | stroke | STROKE, SECONDARY, MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION, TRANSIENT ISCHEMIC ATTACK | Primary outcome was all-cause mortality; secondary outcome was time to first MACE (myocardial infarction, transient ischemic attack, stroke, revascularization, or mortality). | PMC10701610 |
Results | CKD | Included in the analysis were 14 828 veterans. Mean (SD) age at CKD diagnosis was 76.9 (8.2) years, 14 616 (99%) were men, 10 539 (72%) White, and 2568 (17%) Black. After expanding to person-trials and assessing eligibility at each baseline, there were 151 243 person-trials (14 685 individuals) of nonstatin initiators ... | PMC10701610 | |
Conclusions and Relevance | CKD | ASCVD | In this target trial emulation of statin initiation in US veterans older than 65 years with CKD stages 3 to 4 and no prior ASCVD, statin initiation was significantly associated with a lower risk of all-cause mortality but not MACE. Results should be confirmed in a randomized clinical trial. | PMC10701610 |
Introduction | death, ASCVD, CKD, chronic kidney disease | ATHEROSCLEROTIC CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE, ASCVD | Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is the leading cause of death among older adults with chronic kidney disease (CKD).While some evidence supports statin use for primary prevention of ASCVD in patients with moderate CKD, few older adults were included in clinical trials, | PMC10701610 |
Methods | PMC10701610 | |||
Ethics | This study was approved, and the requirement for obtaining patient informed consent was waived due to its retrospective nature, by the VA Boston institutional review board. This study followed the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology ( | PMC10701610 | ||
Target Trial Specification | The first step of the target trial emulation framework is to specify the hypothetical pragmatic trial protocol that would be used to address the question of interest. | PMC10701610 | ||
Specification and Emulation of Target Trials Evaluating Statin Therapy Initiation Effectiveness on Mortality Following Diagnosis of Stage 3 or 4 CKD Using Observational Data From VA Electronic Health Records, January 1, 2005, to December 31, 2017 | TIA, death, CKD, chronic kidney disease, Dialysis or stage 5, stroke, ASCVD, End-stage heart failure, dementia, Active liver disease, peripheral artery disease, andCKD stage | MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION, PERIPHERAL ARTERY DISEASE, TRANSIENT ISCHEMIC ATTACK, HYPERLIPIDEMIA, STROKE, CANCER, DISEASE, RHABDOMYOLYSIS, SENSITIVITY, SECONDARY, CKD STAGE 5, ATHEROSCLEROTIC CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE, PERIPHERAL VASCULAR DISEASE, TYPE 2 DIABETES, ASCVD, TIA | Aged >65 y with a first diagnosis of stage 3 or 4 CKD between January 1, 2005, and September 30, 2015, inclusive.No prior diagnosis of ASCVD including myocardial infarction, coronary revascularization, transient ischemic attack, stroke, peripheral vascular disease, or peripheral artery disease at baseline.No prior expo... | PMC10701610 |
Target Trial Emulation | TIA, stroke, ASCVD, PVD | STROKE, PVD, CKD STAGE 3, ASCVD, TIA | To emulate the previously described target trial, we used a nested trials design with data from the VA Corporate Data Warehouse (CDW)To be considered regular VA users, individual person-trials were assessed for at least 1 clinical visit at VA in the prior year, as measured by a record in the outpatient domain or having... | PMC10701610 |
Exposure and Outcomes | We identified statin prescriptions using their US generic and trade names and adjudicated drug names in VA pharmacy and CMS records. | PMC10701610 | ||
Variables | Age, sex, and race | PMC10701610 | ||
Statistical Analysis | Frailty, CKD | For the hypothetical trial, we would try to randomize individuals such that all factors that could possibly affect the outcome would be balanced between the treatment groups. In the emulation setting, there is the potential for confounding by indication, thus we used propensity score weighting methods to ensure the tre... | PMC10701610 | |
Baseline Characteristics of Eligible Person-Trials in the Target Trial Emulation of Statin Initiation for the Prevention of All-Cause Mortality and Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events Among US Veterans Older Than 65 Years Free of ASCVD, Diagnosed With Moderate CKD, 2005 to 2015 | Frailty, CKD, chronic kidney disease, COPD | CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE, COPD, ATHEROSCLEROTIC CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE, HEART, ASCVD | Abbreviations: AHA, American Heart Association; ACC, American College of Cardiology; ASCVD, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease; BMI, body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared); CKD, chronic kidney disease; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; eGFR, estimated glom... | PMC10701610 |
Association of Statin Initiation and Risks of All-Cause Mortality and MACE in Eligible Person-trials of US Veterans Older Than 65 Years With Moderate CKD Diagnosis in the Previous 5 Years Between 2005 and 2017 | stroke, death, CKD, chronic kidney disease | STROKE, EVENT, MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION, TRANSIENT ISCHEMIC ATTACK | Abbreviations: CKD, chronic kidney disease; HR, hazard ratio; MACE, major adverse cardiovascular event.Confidence intervals computed using 500 nonparametric bootstrap resamples.Time to first transient ischemic attack or stroke, myocardial infarction, revascularization, or death. | PMC10701610 |
Association Between Statin Initiation and All-Cause Mortality in US Veterans Older Than 65 Years and Free of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease (ASCVD) With Stage 3 or 4 Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) | HEART | Other race includes Asian or Pacific Islander or Hawaiian or American Indian or Alaska Native. AHA indicates American Heart Association; HR, hazard ratio. | PMC10701610 | |
Secondary Outcome | Over the follow-up period there were a total of 57 722 MACEs: 988 (34%) and 56 734 (38%) among statin initiator vs noninitiator person-trials. After propensity score overlap weighting, statin initiation had 4% lower risk of MACE (hazard ratio, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.91-1.02), but the results were not statistically significant... | PMC10701610 | ||
Association Between Statin Initiation and Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in US Veterans Older Than 65 Years and Free of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease (ASCVD), With Stage 3 to 4 Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) | HEART | Other race includes Asian or Pacific Islander or Hawaiian or American Indian or Alaska Native. AHA indicates American Heart Association; HR, hazard ratio. | PMC10701610 | |
Sensitivity Analysis: New User Design | deaths, CKD | CVD, EVENTS | When the study was expanded to include all 16 694 eligible veterans older than 65 years, free of CVD, and with a new diagnosis of CKD 3 or 4, there were 6931 deaths and 8199 MACE events. After propensity score overlap weighting was applied, the hazard ratio for mortality was 0.68 (95% CI, 0.62-0.76) and for MACE was 0.... | PMC10701610 |
Discussion | nondialysis CKD, ASCVD, CKD, cardiovascular disease | CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE, EVENT, EVENTS, KIDNEY DISEASE, ASCVD | In this target trial emulation of statin initiation in US veterans older than 65 years with CKD stages 3 to 4 and no prior ASCVD, statin initiation was associated with a lower risk of all-cause mortality but not with MACE. In a less restrictive analysis that included all eligible veterans, results suggested a greater p... | PMC10701610 |
Limitations | This study has several limitations. First, this is a study of US veterans who are predominantly male and White. As a result, our findings may not be generalizable to other populations. Second, there may be residual unmeasured confounding due to the nature of administrative claims data, despite the target trial emulatio... | PMC10701610 | ||
Conclusions | CKD | ASCVD | Among US veterans older than 65 years with CKD stages 3 to 4 and no prior ASCVD, statin initiation was associated with a lower risk of all-cause mortality compared with no statin initiation. Results should be confirmed in a randomized clinical trial. However, until such trials are completed, these data argue against wi... | PMC10701610 |
Background | hand pain, peripheral nerve disease, numbness, CTS | PERIPHERAL NERVE DISEASE, CARPAL TUNNEL SYNDROME, ENTRAPMENT NEUROPATHY | Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a prevalent entrapment neuropathy resulting in hand pain, numbness and/or weakness, which significantly impairs hand function in daily activities. Repetitive peripheral magnetic stimulation (rPMS) is a potential therapeutic option for focal peripheral nerve disease and may be beneficial ... | PMC10200096 |
Methods | Carpal Tunnel, CTS | DISEASE PROGRESSION | A blinded assessor randomly assigned 24 participants with electrodiagnostically-confirmed mild or moderate CTS to either rPMS or conventional therapy. Both groups were briefed on disease progression and tendon-gliding exercises. In the intervention group, the rPMS protocol, five sessions of rPMS—with a frequency of 10 ... | PMC10200096 |
Results | The rPMS group demonstrated significantly greater within-group improvement in symptom severity scores (2.3 | PMC10200096 | ||
Conclusions | Five sessions of rPMS resulted in significant reduction in symptom severity, improvement in pinch strength and increase in SNAP amplitude. Future research should investigate the clinical utility of rPMS using a larger sample and longer treatment and follow-up durations. | PMC10200096 | ||
Introduction | painless, CTS | CARPAL TUNNEL SYNDROME, ENTRAPMENT NEUROPATHIES, ENTRAPMENT NEUROPATHY | Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is an entrapment neuropathy of the median nerve at the wrist that accounts for 90% of all entrapment neuropathies (Treatment of CTS consists of either surgical or non-surgical management. Generally, surgical treatment is reserved for patients with severe symptoms (Repetitive peripheral magn... | PMC10200096 |
Materials and Methods | carpal tunnel syndrome, TCTR | CARPAL TUNNEL SYNDROME, MAY | This research was reviewed and approved by the Khon Kaen University Ethics Committee (Ref. HE 621319) and was registered in August 2020 with the Thai Clinical trials registry (TCTR 20200828002). The research was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki Declaration. The study was an assessor-blinded p... | PMC10200096 |
Sample size considerations | For pilot studies, it is recommended that each group contain at least 12 participants ( | PMC10200096 | ||
Procedures | Participants were randomly assigned by computer randomization to either conventional therapy or to the rPMS group in a block-of-four design. The nursing assistant, who was not responsible for the allocations, informed the responsible physician about the treatment allocation. The control group ( | PMC10200096 | ||
Set-up of rPMS therapy. | PMC10200096 | |||
Outcome measures | CTS | A blinded assessor performed the outcome measurements. The control and rPMS groups were evaluated at the end of the second week. If patients had bilateral CTS, the intervention and evaluation were performed on the side with the more severe involvement, as determined by electrodiagnosis results. | PMC10200096 | |
Primary outcome | CTS | Baseline data regarding CTS symptoms were collected | PMC10200096 | |
Secondary outcomes | Hand pinch strength was evaluated using pinch gauges at an elbow flexion of 90 degrees. Three tests were conducted, and the mean was reported in pounds (lbs) (Median nerve electrodiagnostic measurement was performed at a room temperature of 32 °C using Medtronic Keypoint G4 (Natus Medical Incorporated, Pleasanton, CA, ... | PMC10200096 | ||
Statistical analysis | REGRESSION | Continuous data are presented by mean and standard deviation for normally distributed data. Median and interquartile ranges are presented in non-normally distributed data. We conducted intention to treat analysis and missing data were addressed using multiple imputation. Paired t-tests were used to compare pre- and pos... | PMC10200096 | |
Results | CTS | Twenty-four participants were enrolled. They were divided into two groups of 12. The rPMS group’s age was 49.7 ± 10.4 years (mean ± standard deviation), and most were female (11/12 = 91.7%). In the control group, the age was 52.3 ± 7.2 years, and eight (66.7%) were female. The respective median duration of working time... | PMC10200096 | |
Baseline characteristics of participants ( |
Data are reported as | PMC10200096 | ||
Flow diagram of the study. | Only the rPMS group demonstrated significant improvement in symptom severity scores (SSS) determined by the Thai version of the Boston Questionnaire (2.3 | PMC10200096 | ||
Severity of CTS pre and post-treatment in the rPMS and control groups. |
Marginal homogeneity test. | PMC10200096 | ||
Discussion | peripheral nerve injuries, hand pain, pain, CTS | PMS | The purpose of the study was to compare the therapeutic effects of five sessions of repetitive Peripheral Magnetic Stimulation (rPMS) PMS creates a magnetic field that induces an electrical current flow that improves sensory and motor nerve fiber function, which may explain improved symptoms and hand function. rPMS is ... | PMC10200096 |
Conclusions | Five sessions of rPMS resulted in significant improvements in symptom severity, pinch strength, and neurophysiological parameters; however, there was no significant positive effect of rPMS when comparing all outcomes between the two groups. Future research should investigate the clinical utility of rPMS using a larger ... | PMC10200096 | ||
Supplemental Information | PMC10200096 | |||
Raw data. | Click here for additional data file. | PMC10200096 | ||
Consort checklist. | Click here for additional data file. | PMC10200096 | ||
Trial registry number and protocol. | Click here for additional data file.We thank Miss Jitjira Chaiyarit, Clinical Epidemiology Unit, for biostatistical consultation and Mr. Bryan Roderick Hamman—under the aegis of the Publication Clinic, Khon Kaen University, Thailand—for assistance with the English-language presentation of the manuscript. | PMC10200096 | ||
Additional Information and Declarations | PMC10200096 | |||
Competing Interests | The authors declare that they have no competing interests. | PMC10200096 | ||
Human Ethics | The following information was supplied relating to ethical approvals (Khon Kaen University Ethics Committee granted Ethical approval to carry out the study within its facilities (Ethical approval reference: HE 621319). | PMC10200096 | ||
Data Availability | The following information was supplied regarding data availability:The raw data are available in the | PMC10200096 | ||
Clinical Trial Registration | TCTR | The following information was supplied regarding Clinical Trial registration:TCTR 20200828002 | PMC10200096 | |
References | PMC10200096 | |||
Background | Providing individualized care based on the context and preferences of the patient is important. Knowledge on both prognostic risk stratification and blended eHealth care in musculoskeletal conditions is increasing and seems promising. Stratification can be used to match patients to the most optimal content and intensit... | PMC9996840 | ||
Methods | This study was a mixed methods study comprising the development of matched treatment options, followed by an evaluation of the feasibility of the developed Stratified Blended Physiotherapy approach. In the first phase, three focus groups with physiotherapists and physiotherapy experts were conducted. The second phase i... | PMC9996840 | ||
Results | pain | In the first phase, matched treatment options were developed for six patient subgroups. Recommendations for content and intensity of physiotherapy were matched to the patient’s risk of persistent disabling pain (using the Keele STarT MSK Tool: low/medium/high risk). In addition, selection of mode of treatment delivery ... | PMC9996840 | |
Conclusion | Results of the focus groups led to the development of matched treatment options. Results of the feasibility study showed experiences with integrating stratified and blended eHealth care and have informed amendments to the Stratified Blended Physiotherapy approach for patients with neck and/or shoulder complaints ready ... | PMC9996840 | ||
Supplementary Information | The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12891-023-06272-6. | PMC9996840 | ||
Keywords | PMC9996840 | |||
Background | MSK pain, disability, shoulder complaints, pain | Musculoskeletal (MSK) pain conditions are substantial contributors to global disability [To guide physiotherapists in achieving patient-centered care, stratified care is one possible approach [A first approach to stratified care in patients with neck and shoulder complaints is to match content and intensity of physioth... | PMC9996840 | |
Methods | PMC9996840 | |||
Study design | This study was a two phase, mixed methods study comprising first the development of matched treatment options, followed by evaluating feasibility of the developed Stratified Blended Physiotherapy approach. | PMC9996840 | ||
Phase 1 - development of matched treatment options | The first phase comprised the development of physiotherapy-specific matched treatment options. To support the agreement about matched treatment options, three focus groups were conducted. An exploratory, descriptive phenomenological approach was used, with thematic analyses. | PMC9996840 | ||
Phase 2 - feasibility of the stratified blended physiotherapy approach | The second phase investigated the feasibility of the developed Stratified Blended Physiotherapy approach for patients with neck and/or shoulder complaints. Feasibility was evaluated in a multicenter single-arm convergent parallel mixed methods study. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected independently a... | PMC9996840 | ||
Participants | PMC9996840 | |||
Phase 1 - development of matched treatment options | Twenty-five stakeholders with expertise in the field of eHealth, stratified care and neck and/or shoulder complaints were invited to one of three focus groups, including physiotherapists, researchers, eHealth entrepreneurs, teachers and physiotherapy policy officers. All stakeholders had a background in physiotherapy. ... | PMC9996840 | ||
Phase 2 - feasibility of the stratified blended physiotherapy approach | biceps tendinosis, fracture, MSK pain, rupture, shoulder instability, trauma | SYSTEMIC DISEASE, SUBACROMIAL PAIN SYNDROME |
Twenty-eight physiotherapists working in primary care were invited to participate in the feasibility study. These physiotherapists were also from the authors’ professional network, and were different to those in the first phase. Physiotherapists were eligible to participate if they treated at least four new patients w... | PMC9996840 |
Data collection | PMC9996840 | |||
Phase 1 - development of matched treatment options | Pain | Three focus groups were conducted in September and October 2018. The focus groups were facilitated by authors CK and MvT and lasted approximately one hour. In all three focus groups, a facilitator provided a study overview and a brief overview of a similar recently developed blended intervention for a different patient... | PMC9996840 | |
Phase 2 - feasibility of the stratified blended physiotherapy approach | ’ | RECRUITMENT, RECRUITMENT | Participating physiotherapists received a four-hour training session on how to integrate the Stratified Blended Physiotherapy approach into their daily practice and the study procedures. Physiotherapists were asked to aim for the inclusion of at least two patients. Recruitment of patients for the feasibility study last... | PMC9996840 |
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