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2.3.3. Generalized Anxiety Disorder–(GAD-7)
restless, anxiety
To track participants’ anxiety levels, the GAD-7 was used. The instrument consists of 7 items that assess how much the patient is bothered by feeling nervous, anxious, worried, restless, and irritated in the last two weeks. Questions were answered on a Likert-type scale (0–3), and scores ranged from 0 to 21, where high...
PMC10002443
2.3.4. Patient Health Questionnaire-9–(PHQ-9)
depression
DISORDERS
The PHQ-9 is composed of nine questions that verify the presence of each of the symptoms of an episode of depression presented in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders [
PMC10002443
2.4. Compositions of Interventions
Psychological and nutritional interventions were carried out on the premises of the university where the research was conducted. The multi-professional team was duly instructed and prepared to meet the needs of the participants. Theoretical-practical activities started with nutritional interventions or psychoeducation,...
PMC10002443
2.4.1. Physical Exercise
cardiorespiratory and neuromuscular fitness
Physical exercises were performed twice a week, focused on improving cardiorespiratory and neuromuscular fitness (mainly to improve functional capacity), lasting approximately 60 min per session. The training plan consisted of resistance exercises focused on large muscle groups, and cardiorespiratory exercises (which w...
PMC10002443
2.4.2. Nutritional Intervention
Nutritional interventions were based on the Food Guide for the Brazilian Population [
PMC10002443
2.4.3. Psychoeducation
Psychoeducation was based on therapeutic interventions with the central objective of proposing a model for treating and preventing mental illnesses based on an educational character [
PMC10002443
2.5. Statistical Analysis
Asymmetry and kurtosis tests and visual inspection of histograms analyzed the distributions of numeric variables. After analyzing the distributions, numerical data were described by the mean and standard deviation (±) or median and 25–75 percentiles, depending on the data normality. Categorical data were described with...
PMC10002443
4. Discussion
overweight, PTSD, overweight or obesity
DISEASE
The present study aimed to investigate the effects of a multi-professional intervention model on the mental health of middle-aged, overweight survivors of COVID-19. The results of the present study confirmed that psychoeducation, added to multi-professional activities, was effective in significantly improving the psych...
PMC10002443
5. Conclusions
anxiety, depressive, infection, overweight, post-traumatic stress disorder
INFECTION
It was concluded that multi-professional interventions significantly improved general well-being, emotional well-being, social well-being, and psychological well-being indicators in middle-aged, overweight survivors of COVID-19. Complementarily, there was a significant reduction in the scores representing the symptoms ...
PMC10002443
Author Contributions
Conceptualization, B.H.M.B. and R.G.M.; methodology, J.J.R., J.M., P.V.-B. and B.H.M.B.; software, V.A.S.P.; validation, B.H.M.B., P.V.-B. and J.M.; formal analysis, A.F.S., V.A.S.P., M.L.C., P.V.-B. and B.H.M.B.; investigation, J.J.R., M.G.d.S.M., M.L.C., A.F.S. and D.C.d.S.M.; resources, B.H.M.B. and P.V.-B.; data cu...
PMC10002443
Institutional Review Board Statement
This study was approved by the local Ethics and Research Committee under 4,546,726 and registered in the Brazilian Platform for the Registration of Clinical Trials (ReBEC) under the registration: RBR-4mxg57b, fully following the Declaration of Helsinki.
PMC10002443
Informed Consent Statement
Informed consent was obtained from all subjects involved in the study.
PMC10002443
Data Availability Statement
The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current research are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
PMC10002443
Conflicts of Interest
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
PMC10002443
References
±, Anxiety
DISORDER, EVENT, EVENT
Study flowchart according to CONSORT.Summary of multi-professional interventions. MHC-SF = Mental Health Continuum–Short Form; IES-R = Impact of Event Scale—Revised; GAD-7 = Generalized Anxiety Disorder; PHQ-9 = Patient Health Questionnaire.Mental Health Continuum (MHC) scores before and after multi-professional interv...
PMC10002443
Subject terms
TNBC, Breast Cancer
TRIPLE-NEGATIVE BREAST CANCER, RESIDUAL DISEASE, BREAST CANCER, TRIPLE NEGATIVE BREAST CANCER
This exploratory analysis of the Neoadjuvant Carboplatin in Triple Negative Breast Cancer (NACATRINE) study aimed to identify the biomarkers of pathological complete response (pCR) in patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) within the context of a clinical trial. T...
PMC10695933
Introduction
early-stage operable primary breast cancer, TNBC, triple-negative breast cancer, tumor
TUMOR, TRIPLE-NEGATIVE BREAST CANCER, TRIPLE NEGATIVE BREAST CANCER
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is the preferred treatment strategy for patients with early-stage operable primary breast cancer of biologically aggressive subtypes, such as triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC)Furthermore, although anthracyclines and taxanes are now widely accepted as standard of care chemotherapy in TN...
PMC10695933
Patients and methods
PMC10695933
Study design and participants
tumor, cancer, TNBC, Triple-negative, Cancer
TUMOR, METASTASIS, CANCER, RESOLUTION, CANCER
The NACATRINE trial is a phase II, single-center, randomized, open-label study that investigated the addition of carboplatin to paclitaxel after standard anthracycline/cyclophosphamide NAC in 146 patients with TNBC (NCT02978495). Eligible patients were women (aged ≥ 18 years) with previously untreated, stage II–III, hi...
PMC10695933
RNA isolation from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples
Cancer
CANCER
To obtain total RNA, pretreatment breast tissue samples were obtained from the archives of the Department of Pathology at Barretos Cancer Hospital. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples were subjected to total RNA isolation using the QIASymphony automated platform with the QIAsymphony RNA mini kit (Qiagen), f...
PMC10695933
NanoString nCounter® system assays
Breast Cancer
BREAST CANCER
Gene expression profiling was performed using the nCounter Breast Cancer 360 panel (NanoString Technologies, Seattle, WA, USA), according to the manufacturer’s protocol. Briefly, 100 ng of FFPE total RNA sample was hybridized with probes for 21 h at 65 °C; subsequently, the complexes were processed using NanoString Pre...
PMC10695933
Statistical analyses
The raw values of gene expression obtained by nSolver Analysis Software version 2.6® (NanoString Technologies) were submitted to a data normalization step, which aimed to correct experimental variables between samples, such as differences in the efficiency of hybridization, purification, or binding. This step was perfo...
PMC10695933
Gene enrichment and pathway analysis
Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment pathway analyses of the differentially expressed genes were performed using the SRplot platform (
PMC10695933
Endpoints and study hypotheses
ypN0, death
DISEASE, SECONDARY, RECURRENCE
The primary endpoint of the NACATRINE trial was pCR, which was defined as pathological stage ypT0/Tis ypN0 at the time of definitive surgery. The secondary endpoints were OS and DFS, defined as the time from treatment to death and the time from randomization to disease recurrence, respectively.The hypotheses of this ex...
PMC10695933
Results
PMC10695933
Differential expression of genes associated with pathological complete response (pCR) and residual disease
breast cancer-related
RESIDUAL DISEASE
Gene expression levels, using a panel of 776 breast cancer-related genes, were analyzed in pretreatment samples from the carboplatin + paclitaxel (n = 33) and paclitaxel (n = 33) arms. As shown in Fig. Heatmap of gene expression data using unsupervised hierarchical clustering to show the difference in expression betwee...
PMC10695933
Accuracy of gene alterations in predicting pCR
REGRESSION
To assess the accuracy of genetic changes as biomarkers for pCR, we generated receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis for the pCR-predictive genes in the boxplot (Fig. ROC curves and multivariate analysis of potential pCR predictor genes. (Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to estimate th...
PMC10695933
Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes pathway enrichment analysis
KEGG pathway analyses were performed on the differentially expressed genes identified as potential pCR biomarkersEnrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes by KEGG using
PMC10695933
Association between gene alterations and overall and disease-free survival
We also explored the potential influence of these biomarkers on OS and DFS. In general, gene alterations proven predictive of pCR were also predictive of better OS, such as downregulation of Overall and disease-free survival according to gene expression profile. The Y-axis represents the overall and disease-free surviv...
PMC10695933
Discussion
tumor, Breast Cancer, breast cancer, TNBC, breast cancer-related
DISEASE PROGRESSION, BREAST CANCER, METASTASIS, TUMOR, RECURRENCE, BREAST CANCER, DISEASE, REGRESSION, EVENTS
In this exploratory analysis of the NACATRINE trial, we employed a commercial human breast cancer-specific gene expression assay to establish candidate biomarkers for pCR and long-term outcomes in women with TNBC treated with two different schedules of NAC. This assay of 776 genes, which targets various biological mech...
PMC10695933
Conclusions
TNBC
Working on pretreatment tissue samples of TNBC derived from a prospective randomized clinical trial addressing the role of carboplatin added to standard anthracycline/taxane therapy, we established individual gene alterations and gene signatures that correlated with pCR, OS, and DFS. These biomarkers warrant further cl...
PMC10695933
Supplementary Information
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1038/s41598-023-48657-6.
PMC10695933
Acknowledgements
Cancer
RECRUITMENT, CANCER
The authors would like to thank the Biobank of the Barretos Cancer Hospital for the technical support in handling biological samples from the patients, the Researcher Support Center (NAP) for the support with the recruitment of clinical trial participants, and the Barretos Cancer Hospital Research Incentive Program (PA...
PMC10695933
Author contributions
A.J.A.F. developed and led the study, performed data reviews and analyses, and prepared the manuscript. C.R.N. and M.A.O. participated in the data analysis. M.S.M. participated in the manuscript preparation and critical reading of the manuscript. R.L.C. assisted with the NanoString experiments. I.V.V.S. assisted with c...
PMC10695933
Funding
Department of Science and Technology–DECIT, Ministry of Health (grant no. 879848/2018).
PMC10695933
Data availability
The data generated in this study are available upon request from the corresponding author.
PMC10695933
Competing interests
The authors declare no competing interests.
PMC10695933
References
PMC10695933
Background
EVENTS
Evidence indicates that Nigeria’s high maternal mortality rate is attributable primarily to events that occur during the intrapartum period. This study determines the effectiveness of multifaceted interventions in improving the quality of intrapartum care in Nigeria’s referral hospitals.
PMC10464082
Methods
REGRESSION
Data collected through an exit interview with 752 women who received intrapartum care in intervention and control hospitals were analyzed. The interventions were designed to improve the quality indicators in the WHO recommendations for positive childbirth and assessed using 12 quality indicators. Univariate, bivariate,...
PMC10464082
Results
The interventions showed a 6% increase in composite score of quality of care indicators at intervention compared with control hospitals. Five signal functions of intrapartum care assessed were significantly (< 0.001) better at intervention hospitals. Quality scores for segments of intervention periods compared to basel...
PMC10464082
Conclusions
We conclude that multiple interventions that address various components of the quality of intrapartum care in Nigeria’s referral hospitals have demonstrated effectiveness. The interventions improved five of ten quality indicators. We believe that this approach to developing interventions based on formative research is ...
PMC10464082
Trial registration
The study was registered at the Nigeria Clinical Trials Registry. Trial Registration Number NCTR No: 91,540,209 (14/04/2016)
PMC10464082
Keywords
PMC10464082
Background
EVENTS
Available evidence indicates that Nigeria’s high maternal mortality rate is largely attributable to events that occur during the intrapartum (delivery) period [The reasons proffered by women for use of unskilled birth attendants in Nigeria are multiple [The World Health Organization has made a series of recommendations...
PMC10464082
Methods
PMC10464082
Study Design and setting
The study was drawn from a larger quasi-experimental research conducted in referral hospitals in Nigeria with the broad goal of improving the quality of obstetric care [
PMC10464082
Ethical approval
Ethical approval for the study was obtained from the World Health Organization and the National Health Research Ethics Committee (NHREC) of Nigeria with registration number NHREC/01/01/2007
PMC10464082
Data source
PREGNANCY COMPLICATION
We conducted exit interviews with 752 women who received intrapartum care in four referral hospitals over 21 months, from October 2017 to June 2019. The baseline was the 1st–3rd month; 4th–9th month, intervention period; immediate post-intervention, 10th–15th month; and 16th–21st month was post-intervention period. The...
PMC10464082
Variables and measures
The outcome of interest, quality of intrapartum care, was assessed using twelve quality indicators(QIs) selected from the WHO recommendations for positive childbirth experience [ Distribution of the study population by characteristics and study periods Ten QIs that involved all the respondents were aggregated to genera...
PMC10464082
Explanatory variables
The main explanatory variables were the site (intervention versus control site) and the research period (baseline and intervention). The intervention period was further segmented into seven periods of three months from baseline to the end of the intervention.
PMC10464082
Control variables
ANTEPARTUM HAEMORRHAGE, PRE-ECLAMPSIA, COMPLICATIONS, SECONDARY
Since the QI measures were based on the subjective report of the respondents, the effect of the personal characteristics of the respondents, which differed significantly between sites, was adjusted. These included age, the highest level of education, religion, occupation, and diagnosis of complications such as antepart...
PMC10464082
Data analysis
REGRESSION
All the data were collected using computer-assisted personal interview (CAPI) and extracted into Stata version 13 for analysis. The characteristics of the respondents for each arm were described using summary statistics, frequency, and percentage as applicable. The difference between sites was examined using a t-test o...
PMC10464082
Results
pain
REGRESSION, SECONDARY, COMPLICATIONS
The distribution of the respondents by socio-demographic characteristics and the study periods is presented in Table  Quality Indicators of Intrapartum Care by Site  The distribution of the intrapartum care quality indicators is presented in Table Poisson regression was conducted to predict the count of intrapartum car...
PMC10464082
Discussion
pains, pain
REGRESSION
The study was designed to investigate the effectiveness of a set of interventions in improving the quality of intrapartum care in Nigerian referral hospitals. The interventions which were co-designed and implemented by healthcare providers and administrators addressed multiple challenges associated with inadequate deli...
PMC10464082
Study strengths and limitations
To the best of our knowledge, this study is one of a few studies that address improving the quality of intrapartum care in sub-Saharan Africa. Given the high rate of maternal mortality in the continent, it is surprising that many such interventions have previously not been conducted to improve the quality of care in la...
PMC10464082
Acknowledgements
We are grateful to Dr. Taiwo Oyelade and Dr. Mariana Widmer of the Nigeria and Geneva offices of the WHO for their support for the study.
PMC10464082
Authors’ contributions
The conception of study: FO; design and execution of intervention activities: FO. HG, RO. KA VO, WI, LN; formative research: FO, RO, HG, KA, VO, LN, WI; supervision of study and data collection: FO, LN, VO, KA, WI; manuscript development and preparation: FO, LN; data analysis: LN; editing of manuscript: FO, LN, BE, RO,...
PMC10464082
Funding
The project was funded by the Alliance for Health Policy and Systems Research, WHO, Geneva through its programme on improving implementation research on maternal health in developing countries (protocol ID A65869). The WHO has no role in the design of the study and collection, analysis, and interpretation of data or in...
PMC10464082
Data Availability
The dataset analyzed for the current study is available from the corresponding author on request.
PMC10464082
Declarations
PMC10464082
Competing interests
The authors declare no competing interests.
PMC10464082
Ethics approval and consent to participate
NHREC/01/01/2007
Ethical approval for the study was obtained from the World Health Organization and the National Health Research Ethics Committee (NHREC) of Nigeria with registration number NHREC/01/01/2007 (16/07/2014), renewed in 2015 with registration number NHREC 01/01/20047b (12/12/2015). The Chief Medical Directors, and Heads of ...
PMC10464082
Consent for publication
Not applicable.
PMC10464082
List of Abbreviations
World Health OrganizationNigeria Clinical Trials RegistryInternational Standard Randomised Controlled Trial NumberQuality IndicatorsCaesarean SectionComputer-assisted Personal InterviewIncidence Risk RatioAdjusted Incidence Risk RatioConfidence Interval
PMC10464082
References
PMC10464082
Objective
NCD, major neurocognitive disorder
To explore the effects of a multicomponent training (MT) physical exercise intervention in the cognitive function, neuropsychiatric symptoms, and quality of life of older adults with major neurocognitive disorder (NCD).
PMC10394955
Methods
Alzheimer’s Disease, Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale – Cognitive
Quasi-experimental controlled trial. Thirty-six individuals (25 female) were equally distributed to an exercise group (aged 74.33 ± 5.87 years) or a control group (aged 81.83 ± 6.18 years). The Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale – Cognitive (ADAS-Cog), the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) and the Quality of Life – Al...
PMC10394955
Results
There was no clear interaction effect factor of intervention on ADAS-Cog (B = 1.33, 95% CI: -2.61 – 5.28,
PMC10394955
Conclusions
cognitive decline
The 6-month MT physical exercise intervention did not present evidence of slowing down cognitive decline neither improving neuropsychiatric symptomatology, and quality of life of older adults with major NCD. Future studies with larger samples are needed to better understand the impact of physical exercise interventions...
PMC10394955
Background
nighttime behaviors, NCD, anxiety, eating disorders, dementia, hallucinations, agitation, neurocognitive disorder, apathy
Along with the decline in cognitive function that characterizes a neurocognitive disorder (NCD), individuals may suffer from the progressive severity of behavioral and psychological symptoms (e.g., agitation, apathy, anxiety, hallucinations, eating disorders, nighttime behaviors) that often lead to a lower quality of l...
PMC10394955
Methods
PMC10394955
Study Design and Setting
BRAIN
The present study takes part in the “Body & Brain” project,
PMC10394955
Participants Eligibility Criteria
dementia, respiratory and/or musculoskeletal condition
DISORDER, RECRUITMENT
Individuals aged ≥ 60 years, clinically diagnosed by a physician with major NCD or dementia (for at least 6-months) and capable of walking independently without an assistive device or human assistance were considered eligible to participate in the study. Exclusion criteria included: i) diagnosis of any condition or dis...
PMC10394955
Interventions
BRAIN
EG was assigned to a 6-month group-based MT intervention (two sessions per week, 60 minutes per session) involving 5 to 8 participants. Exercise sessions were divided into 3 main parts: 10 minutes of warm-up (e.g., joint mobilization, general activation, and slow walking); 35-45 minutes of specific MT training (e.g., c...
PMC10394955
Data Collection
Data collection occurred at baseline and after the 6-months intervention. A cutoff of 70% was considered for the adherence rate (i.e., calculated by dividing the number of attended sessions by the total number of sessions offered).
PMC10394955
Outcome Measures
Alzheimer’s Disease
Evaluations were conducted by specialized and well-trained researchers, who were not responsible for implementing the MT program or the social activity sessions, and were not masked to group assignment.Participants’ sociodemographic information (age, sex, marital status, education, and living situation), and general cl...
PMC10394955
Statistical Analyses
Data normality was verified using the Shapiro-Wilk test. Measures of central tendency and dispersion were used as appropriate to describe sample characteristics. Between groups comparisons at baseline were performed with both independent t-test and Mann-Whitney U test for continuous variables, and Pearson’s Chi-Squared...
PMC10394955
Results
PMC10394955
Discussion
Alzheimer’s disease, NCD, dementia
NEURODEGENERATIVE DISORDERS, MINOR, RECRUITMENT, BRAIN, SYNDROMES
The results from this study suggest that a 6-month MT physical exercise intervention was not effective in improving cognitive function, neuropsychiatric symptomatology, and quality of life of older adults diagnosed with major NCD. Previous studies attested MT effectiveness in improving individuals with NCD lower body f...
PMC10394955
Future Research Implications
Future trials should continue exploring the effects of MT training methodologies in cognition, neuropsychiatric symptoms, and quality of life, and intent to provide more detailed information on the impact MT has on specific cognitive abilities, such as executive functions, and on distinct behavioral and psychological s...
PMC10394955
Conclusion
cognitive decline
DISEASE PROGRESSION
The 6-month MT physical exercise intervention did not present evidence of slowing down cognitive decline neither improving neuropsychiatric symptomatology, and quality of life of older adults with major NCD. A MT intervention can be an effective way to slow down cognitive decline, manage challenging behaviors and impro...
PMC10394955
ORCID iD
Flavia Borges-Machado
PMC10394955
References
PMC10394955
Background
hypospadias, congenital anomaly
COMPLICATIONS
About one in 200 to one in 300 male births has hypospadias. The prevalence of this congenital anomaly varies worldwide. The meatus is located distally in approximately 70% of cases. Several surgical techniques were described for distal hypospadias repair; despite this, there is no ideal approach. This study compares ur...
PMC10148394
Methods
chordee, hypospadias
This prospective randomized comparative study was conducted at Al-Azhar University Hospitals from April 2022 to October 2022. Fifty-seven cases with different types of hypospadias were assessed for eligibility. Among them, seven cases were excluded due to the presence of severe chordee (n = 3), proximal variant (n = 2)...
PMC10148394
Results
postoperative pain, fistula
MEATAL STENOSIS, DEHISCENCE, COMPLICATIONS
The mean age of all studied cases was 4.2 years. Approximately 52% had coronal or sub-coronal meatus, whereas 48% had glandular meatus. Both groups were matched according to age and meatus location (p > 0.05). No statistically significant difference was observed between the two groups regarding duration of operation, p...
PMC10148394
Conclusions
Both urethral advancement &glanuloplasty, and TIP urethroplasty have comparable short-term outcomes. Urethral advancement and glanuloplasty is preferred in certain conditions, especially in circumcised children or those with a narrow urethral plate.
PMC10148394
Trial registration
The study protocol was approved by the Pan African Clinical Trials Registry (number for the registry is: PACTR202211757905870) on (29/11/2022). All procedures were performed per the Helsinki Declaration.
PMC10148394
Keywords
Open access funding provided by The Science, Technology & Innovation Funding Authority (STDF) in cooperation with The Egyptian Knowledge Bank (EKB).
PMC10148394
Background
hypospadias, congenital anomaly
URETHRA
About one in 200 to one in 300 male births has hypospadias. The prevalence of this congenital anomaly varies worldwide; for example, in Europe, 19.9 per 10,000; in North America, 34.2 per 10,000 and in Africa, 5.9 per 10,000. The meatus is located distally in approximately 70% of cases that happened most probably becau...
PMC10148394
Patients and methods
chordee, hypospadias
PENIS, COAGULATION DISORDERS
This prospective randomized comparative study was conducted at Al-Azhar University Hospitals from April 2022 to October 2022 to compare urethral advancement &glanuloplasty and TIP urethroplasty techniques for distal hypospadias repair. Preoperative inclusion criteria included primary cases and absence of severe chordee...
PMC10148394
Surgical techniques
chordee, nerve block
PENIS, URETHRA
The repair was performed in all patients under general anesthesia with a caudal nerve block in the supine position. First, a traction suture was placed at the glans, and then a silicone urethral catheter was passed (the caliber was selected according to the patient’s age and meatal size). After a circumcising incision,...
PMC10148394
Follow-up
meatal stenosis
MEATAL STENOSIS, COMPLICATIONS
Follow-up was done for all cases in the outpatient clinic at 3 days, 7 days, 3 weeks, and 2 months postoperatively to detect complications. All complications were recorded for analysis. The operators observed the voiding stream force and direction postoperatively to detect any abnormality, and meatal stenosis was confi...
PMC10148394
Statistical analysis
The collected data were revised, coded, tabulated, and introduced to a personal computer using Statistical Package for Social Science (IBM Corp. Released 2017. IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 25.0. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp.). Student’s t-test was used to assess the statistical significance of the difference betwee...
PMC10148394
Results
The mean age of all studied cases was 4.2 years. Approximately 52% had coronal or subcoronal, whereas 48% had glanular meatus (Table  Comparison of studied parameters according to the operation type
PMC10148394
Discussion
COMPLICATIONS, URETHRA
During the research, we found some studies that compared either both techniques or described cohorts for each technique everyone alone, then reported the complications and success rate. Urethral mobilization is a relatively safe procedure as the urethra has good vasculature from the urethral branch of the internal pude...
PMC10148394
Limitations
COMPLICATIONS
Despite being a prospective study, the present study has some limitations. First, there were two surgeons and not only one who performed the operations in both groups. The surgical skills may differ from one to another and may result in less favorable outcomes. Second, the follow-up time was short. In some cases, the f...
PMC10148394
Acknowledgements
Not applicable.
PMC10148394
Author Contribution
Elhelaly
Basem A. Fathi :conception, design of the work; the acquisition, analysis, interpretation of data. Ahmed A. El Gammal : design of the work, interpretation of data, have drafted the work.Osama M. Ghoneimy : interpretation of data, have drafted the work. Ahmed A. Alrefaey : interpretation of data, have drafted the work.T...
PMC10148394