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2.7. Sample Preparation
The frozen urine samples were thawed at room temperature and subjected to different extraction procedures and analytical methods based on the compound of interest. A brief description of these procedures is provided below.Urinary tartaric acid was measured after slightly modifying and validating a previously published ...
PMC10419126
2.8. LC-MS/MS Conditions
The LC-MS/MS system comprised liquid chromatography (Shimadzu, MD, USA) with a binary pump (LC-30AD), an autosampler (SIL-30AC), a controller (CBM-20A) and an ABSciex QTRAP 5500 mass spectrometer (SCIEX, Redwood City, CA, USA). The chromatograms were monitored using Analyst 1.7, and the data were analyzed using MultiQu...
PMC10419126
2.9. Statistical Analysis
Standard least squares models were used to test the fixed effects of treatment (grape and placebo), time (a.m. and p.m.), and time period (baseline, 1 h and 1–6 h period), and their interactions on urine biomarkers F2-isoprostane and grape metabolite concentrations. Biomarker values were not normally distributed; thus,...
PMC10419126
3. Results
PMC10419126
3.1. Participant Characteristics
Forty-eight individuals responded to the study advertisement and were screened by telephone. Sixteen of these people did not enroll in the study due to scheduling conflicts, lack of response to invitations for an in-person screening and declining to perform study activities (
PMC10419126
3.2. Biomarker Response to Treatment
PMC10419126
3.2.1. Urine F2-Isoprostane Concentration
F-2 isoprostane levels (ng/mg creatinine) showed main effects of time period (baseline < 1-h < 1–6-h, Expressed as % of baseline, F2-isoprostane levels were higher in the a.m. vs. p.m. (Total post-meal F2-isoprostane excretion (sum of 1 h and 1–6 h) showed a main effect of time (a.m. > p.m., F2-isoprostane levels were ...
PMC10419126
3.2.2. Urine Grape Metabolite Concentrations
PMC10419126
Relationship of F2-Isoprostane to Grape Metabolites
REGRESSION
Overall, without respect to treatment or time variables, urine total F2-isoprostane levels were inversely related to urine total tartaric acid (RLinear regression analysis indicated that the impact of each treatment (grape and placebo) and time (a.m. and p.m.) group for the post-mealtime periods on F2-isoprostane level...
PMC10419126
3.3. Dietary Assessment
The usual dietary intake of the participants is shown in Participant adherence to the low-antioxidant diet (the two days preceding each laboratory visit) was confirmed by examining food records, which showed the avoidance of high-antioxidant foods and beverages and selection of the recommended low-antioxidant items. In...
PMC10419126
4. Discussion
rheumatoid arthritis, metabolic disease
RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS, REGRESSION, OXIDATIVE STRESS, METABOLIC DISEASE
The findings of this study support the hypothesis that the timing of grape consumption modulates the body’s response to an oxidative stress challenge. Higher F2-isoprostane urine excretion following consumption of a high-fat meal was seen in the morning compared to the evening, and this response was blunted by co-inges...
PMC10419126
Supplementary Materials
The following supporting information can be downloaded at Click here for additional data file.
PMC10419126
Author Contributions
Conceptualization, C.B.; methodology, C.B. and A.A.-H.; data analysis, C.B., A.A.-H., B.G. and S.K.P.; investigation, C.B., A.A.-H., B.G. and S.K.P.; writing—original draft preparation, C.B., A.A.-H. and B.G.; writing—review and editing, C.B., A.A.-H., B.G. and S.K.P.; project administration, C.B. and A.A.-H.; funding ...
PMC10419126
Institutional Review Board Statement
The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, and approved by the Institutional Review Board, Human Subjects Committee of Idaho State University, protocol IRB-FY2021-264.
PMC10419126
Informed Consent Statement
Informed consent was obtained from all participants involved in the study.
PMC10419126
Data Availability Statement
The data presented in this article may be requested from the corresponding author. The protocol is available at ClinicalTrials.gov (
PMC10419126
Conflicts of Interest
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
PMC10419126
References
Cancer
CANCER
Participant flow through study protocol.F-2 Isoprostane excretion (corrected for creatinine) expressed as % of baseline. Levels were higher in the a.m. vs. p.m. and at 1–6 vs. 1 h time periods. * Main effects of time and time period, Total post-meal F2-isoprostane excretion as % of baseline. Time effect: a.m. > p.m., *...
PMC10419126
1. Introduction
gastric cancer, cancer, Cancer
GASTRIC CANCER, INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE, INFLAMMATION, CANCER, GASTRIC CANCER, MALIGNANCIES, COMPLICATIONS, CANCER
These authors contributed equally to this work.Objective: The impact of perioperative immunonutrition on patients undergoing radical gastrectomy remains undetermined. This study aimed to assess the influence of enteral immunonutrition support on postoperative immune function and intestinal mucosal barrier function foll...
PMC10647624
2. Materials and Methods
PMC10647624
2.1. Study Participants
MALIGNANCIES, GASTRIC CANCER
This study is a single-center, prospective, randomized investigation aimed at assessing the efficacy of perioperative immunonutrition in patients undergoing radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer. The cohort encompassed patients who underwent radical gastrectomy from June 2022 to June 2023 at the Peking Union Medical C...
PMC10647624
2.2. Methods of Perioperative Nutritional Support for Both Groups
This investigation was a prospective, randomized clinical trial conducted at the Peking Union Medical College Hospital. Patients were randomized to one of two enteral nutrition protocols. Entenal immnuonutrition (PROSURE group: EIN, n = 30) was administered in the first group, a liquid diet providing 1.26 kcal/mL and 6...
PMC10647624
2.3. Detection of Observation Indicators
Peripheral venous blood samples
SECONDARY, POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS
The primary endpoint was postoperative complications. The secondary endpoints encompassed parameters such as nutritional status, inflammatory markers, cellular immune function indicators, and intestinal mucosal barrier integrity indicators, notably endotoxin (ET), D-lactic acid, and diamine oxidase. Peripheral venous b...
PMC10647624
2.4. Evaluation Indicators
POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS
Comparisons were undertaken between the groups concerning demographic data, postoperative rehabilitation, postoperative complications (Clavien-Dindo ≥ 2), and indicators of the intestinal mucosal barrier on the 3rd and 7th postoperative days, including D-lactic acid, diamine oxidase, and endotoxin. Peripheral blood inf...
PMC10647624
2.5. Statistical Methods
COMPLICATIONS
The primary endpoint of the study was complications after gastrectomy. The anticipated non-occurrence rate for complications was projected at 80%, and its compared group was 60%. With an 80% statistical power and a one-sided type I error rate of 5%, a sample size of 21 patients was determined using Simon’s two-stage de...
PMC10647624
3. Results
PMC10647624
3.1. General Information
gastric cancer
GASTRIC CANCER
Sixty-five patients undergoing radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer were included in this study, with 30 in the study group and 35 in the control group.
PMC10647624
3.3. Comparison of Postoperative Rehabilitation between the Two Groups
The intervals to the first flatus and first bowel movement for both groups are detailed in
PMC10647624
3.6. Comparison of Postoperative Nutritional Indicators between the Two Groups
On the 7th postoperative day, as depicted in
PMC10647624
4. Discussion
cancer, intestinal mucosal injury, tumors
GASTRIC CANCER, PHYSIOLOGICAL STRESS, POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS, CANCER, CAVITY, TUMORS
Gastric cancer, a predominant digestive system malignancy, frequently emerges with late diagnoses and challenging therapeutic measures in China. Modern therapeutic paradigms underscore a comprehensive treatment anchored in surgical interventions [The intestinal mucosal barrier serves a dual role: it facilitates the tra...
PMC10647624
Author Contributions
Conceptualization, M.M. and W.K.; methodology, M.M. and Z.Z. (Zicheng Zheng); software, M.M.; formal analysis, M.M. and Z.Z. (Ziyang Zeng); investigation, Z.Z. (Zicheng Zeng); resources, X.Y. and W.K.; data curation, J.L.; writing—original draft preparation, M.M. and Z.Z. (Zicheng Zheng); writing—review and editing, W....
PMC10647624
Institutional Review Board Statement
The present study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the Peking Union Medical College Hospital. The ethical approval code of this study is no. KS2022530. The date of approval is 9 February 2022. Registration number was ChiCTR2300071079.
PMC10647624
Informed Consent Statement
Informed consent was obtained from all subjects involved in the study. Written informed consent has been obtained from the patient(s) to publish this paper.
PMC10647624
Data Availability Statement
The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
PMC10647624
Conflicts of Interest
The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
PMC10647624
References
COMPLICATIONS, POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS
The flowchart of our study.The comparison of general characteristics between the two groups.Abbreviations: SD, standard deviation; BMI, body mass index.Comparison of DAO, D-lactic acid, and endotoxin between the two groups after operation.Comparison of postoperative rehabilitation between the two groups.Comparison of p...
PMC10647624
Background
mental illness, comorbidity, SMI
Clients with severe mental illness (SMI) have overall poor physical health. SMI reduces life expectancy by 5–17 years, primarily due to physical comorbidity linked to cardiometabolic risks that are mainly driven by unhealthy lifestyle behaviours. To improve physical health in clients with SMI, key elements are systemat...
PMC10504705
Methods
metabolic syndrome
METABOLIC SYNDROME
The GILL study encompasses a cluster-randomised controlled trial in approximately 20 mental health care facilities in the Netherlands. The randomisation takes place at the team level, assigning clients to the eHealth intervention or the usual care group. The GILL eHealth intervention consists of two complementary modul...
PMC10504705
Discussion
The GILL eHealth intervention is expected to be more effective than usual care in improving physical health and lifestyle behaviours among clients with SMI. It will also provide important information on implementation of GILL eHealth in mental health care. If proven effective, GILL eHealth offers a clinically useful to...
PMC10504705
Trial registration
Clinical trial registration NCT05533749, registration date: 8 September 2022.
PMC10504705
Keywords
PMC10504705
Background
illness, mental illness, SMI
DISEASES
Clients with severe mental illness (SMI) have overall poor physical health. SMI reduces life expectancy by 5–17 years [To improve physical health in clients with SMI, key elements are comprehensive somatic screening and lifestyle promotion [Use of eHealth can significantly contribute to effective implementation of prog...
PMC10504705
Methods
PMC10504705
Study design
A multicentre, cluster-randomised controlled trial (RCT) with an embedded process evaluation on the execution of the GILL eHealth intervention.
PMC10504705
Setting
RECRUITMENT
Approximately 20 mental healthcare facilities (FACT teams, assisted facilities and long-stay wards of mental hospitals) will participate in this study. The total amount of teams will depend on the recruitment rate. When the enrolment of participants is falls short, additional teams will be added. Teams will be recruite...
PMC10504705
Participants
The study population will consist of adults with SMI, according to the definition of Delespaul [
PMC10504705
Randomisation
Randomisation will take place at the team level, to avoid contamination between the intervention and control groups. Before the inclusion of clients, participating teams will be randomly assigned to the GILL eHealth intervention or the control group providing care as usual. This procedure will be performed by a statist...
PMC10504705
Recruitment
To recruit the eligible clients, teams will compose a list of clients who meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Eligible clients will be asked whether they are interested in participating in this study. After giving permission, clients will be approached by the research team and further information about the study...
PMC10504705
GILL eHealth intervention
The GILL eHealth intervention was developed by two nurse practitioners and a professor of mental health nursing. The content is developed in accordance with the 2015 national guidelines on somatic screening and lifestyle intervention for clients with SMI [
PMC10504705
OurGILL
extrapyramidal movement disorders, ’ psychiatric
The OurGILL module focuses on systematic (i.e. in design, frequency, and imbedding in daily care) and comprehensive somatic screening, and promotes the prevention, early recognition, and treatment of physical problems. It aims to assess clients’ psychiatric condition, physical symptoms and complaints, medication use an...
PMC10504705
MyGILL
The MyGILL module is aimed at lifestyle behaviours, including nutrition, physical activity, sleep, relaxation, substance use and addiction, personal hygiene, smoking, sex life, and social support. The result is an overview of the client’s performance in these lifestyle areas. This facilitates drawing up a personalised ...
PMC10504705
Usual care
The teams assigned to the control group will not receive any training and will provide care as usual. Clients in the usual care group will have unrestricted access to mental and general health care, but are not allowed to participate in a structured lifestyle programme for the duration of the study. National guidelines...
PMC10504705
Training of care managers
The GILL eHealth intervention will be conducted by trained coordinating nurses, who will perform the role of ‘care manager’ for physical health and lifestyle. Two nurses of each team in the experimental condition will receive a one-day training focused on the theoretical background of physical health care and lifestyle...
PMC10504705
Main study outcomes
PMC10504705
Primary outcome
metabolic syndrome, Metabolic Syndrome
METABOLIC SYNDROME, METABOLIC SYNDROME
Primary outcome of this study is metabolic syndrome severity, and is operationalised by the Metabolic Syndrome Severity Score (MSSS) at 12 months as defined by Gurka et al. [
PMC10504705
Secondary outcomes
Secondary clinical outcomes are weight (kg), BMI (kg/m2), diastolic blood pressure, lipid profiles (LDL, total cholesterol), and HbA1c. Participants will also perform a six-minute walk test (6MWT) to assess physical fitness [
PMC10504705
Client reports
NRS
Several client reports will be used in this study. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form (IPAQ-SF) [Perceived satisfaction with physical health, physical activity, and healthy eating will be measured using a numeric rating scale (NRS), with a score ranging from 0 to 10. The self-assessment concer...
PMC10504705
Clinician-rated
Psychosocial functioning will be measured with the Health of the Nation Outcome Scale (HoNOS) [
PMC10504705
Demographics
psychiatric
DISEASES
Demographic and clinical data (i.e., age, gender, ethnicity, marital status, educational level, employment status, psychiatric diagnoses, diagnoses of physical diseases, current smoking status) will be obtained at baseline to describe our sample, to control for possible confounders, to determine the MSSS, and to analys...
PMC10504705
Process evaluation
This study also includes a qualitative process evaluation at the client and nurse level. Barriers and facilitators for effective use and implementation of GILL eHealth will be investigated. At the client level the goal is to understand participants’ experiences and perceptions with GILL eHealth, their responses to the ...
PMC10504705
Sample size
metabolic syndrome
METABOLIC SYNDROME
This RCT is powered to detect a mean difference of at least 0.40 in the metabolic syndrome severity Z score across 1 year between the intervention and control group. The mean difference in the metabolic syndrome severity Z score is estimated on the basis of earlier intervention studies [
PMC10504705
Statistical analysis
metabolic syndrome, Mets
METABOLIC SYNDROME
Baseline data will be presented comparing the two treatment groups. Both intention-to-treat and per-protocol analysis will be conducted. To test the hypothesis that the tailored eHealth intervention will result in improved metabolic syndrome severity in SMI clients compared to usual care, linear mixed models will be us...
PMC10504705
Analysis process evaluation
To objectify the process evaluation, interviews will be audio recorded, transcribed verbatim for analysis. MAXQDA software will be used for coding and structuring themes, following methodology of thematic analysis [
PMC10504705
Discussion
psychotic disorder
Limited eHealth-supported lifestyle interventions are available for clients with SMI, tailored to their specific needs and characteristics. However, given the overall burden of poor physical health on clients with SMI [A strength of this study is its pragmatic design. The study will be conducted in mental health teams ...
PMC10504705
Acknowledgements
Not applicable.
PMC10504705
Monitoring
To monitor adherence to the intervention protocol, the research team will gain insight in the GILL modules. There are no further mandatory actions for the intervention. An independent monitor of the Amsterdam UMC Clinical Monitoring Center will control adherence to the research protocol and good clinical practice guide...
PMC10504705
Dissemination policy
Trial results will be reported to by letters to participants. Presentations for the mental healthcare facilities will be organized, and results will be presented at conferences. Furthermore, results will be shared in open access publications. The authors will be members of the research group, and will not involve profe...
PMC10504705
Authors’ contributions
MH
BvM and MA designed the study protocol. MH participated in the design of the study and drafted the manuscript. BvM, AB, and MA obtained funding for this study. All authors participated in the revisions of successive drafts of the manuscript and approved the final version.
PMC10504705
Funding
This study was supported by a grant from the Netherlands Organisation for Health Research and Development, ZonMw (grant no. 10040022010002). The funder had no role in the design or execution of the study, data collection, analysis and interpretation, decision to publish, or writing of the manuscript. The Amsterdam Univ...
PMC10504705
Availability of data and materials
This study will use a data-management infrastructure that meets current guidelines and regulations. After the final publication, the protocol, all data, and the statistical code will be available upon request.
PMC10504705
Declarations
PMC10504705
Ethics approval and consent to participate
The study protocol has been evaluated and approved by the Ethics Committee of VU University Medical Center (NL81729.029.22, registration no. 2022.0793) and will be conducted in conformity with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki (version 2008) and the Dutch Medical Research Involving Human Subjects Act (WMO)....
PMC10504705
Consent for publication
Not applicable.
PMC10504705
Competing interests
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
PMC10504705
References
PMC10504705
Keywords
Communicated by Francesco Lacquaniti.Weak transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is known to affect corticospinal excitability and enhance motor skill acquisition, whereas its effects on spinal reflexes in actively contracting muscles are yet to be established. Thus, in this study, we examined the acute effects...
PMC10224818
Introduction
Weak transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS, 1–4 mA) alters corticospinal excitability (Nitsche and Paulus The impact of tDCS on the function and excitability of spinal cord pathways has not been well established. The Hoffmann-reflex (H-reflex), the electrical analog of the spinal stretch reflex, is a measure of...
PMC10224818
Methods
PMC10224818
Participants
neurological impairments
Fourteen young adults (9 females and 5 males, mean age = 26.1 years, range 21–36) with no known neurological impairments completed the protocol, which consisted of four sessions of tDCS (Active or Sham) + repeated soleus H-reflex elicitation. Prior to participation, all participants provided written informed consent to...
PMC10224818
tDCS
Each participant was randomly assigned to the Active or Sham tDCS group prior to the first experimental session without the participant’s knowledge. They remained in the same group for all 4 study sessions (parallel, single-blinded). The tDCS was applied at the “M1 hotspot”, which was determined for each participant in...
PMC10224818
EMG recording and tibial nerve stimulation
EMG signal was recorded from the soleus and its antagonist tibialis anterior (TA) of the leg stimulated. Pairs of self-adhesive surface Ag–AgCl electrodes (2.2 × 3.5 cm, Nissha Medical Technologies, Buffalo, NY) were placed with their centers ~ 3 cm apart. The pair of soleus electrodes were placed just below the gastro...
PMC10224818
Data analysis
A custom MATLAB (MathWorks Inc., Natick, MA) program was used to analyze the EMG data offline. To measure the soleus and TA pre-stimulus (i.e., background: BG) EMG, the EMG signal was full-wave rectified and the mean absolute EMG amplitude was calculated for the 50 ms immediately before stimulation. Soleus H-reflex and...
PMC10224818
Results
PMC10224818
Stability of experimental (data collection) condition
The soleus MSoleus BG EMG (mean of 26 ± 8 μV), TA BG EMG (≈8 μV, corresponding to a resting level) and soleus M-wave size (mean of 0.45 ± 0.02 mV), the stability of which is essential in assessing changes in H-reflex size across multiple measurement time points, remained stable across measurements. For soleus BG, when ...
PMC10224818
Effects of tDCS on the soleus H
Across both groups of participants, the H
PMC10224818
Discussion
Here, we examined the impact of tDCS delivered during an active motor task on the excitability of a spinal reflex pathway. The size of soleus submaximal H-reflex showed some rapid and temporary changes during 30-min of tDCS over the leg M1. During the first minutes of Active and Sham tDCS, H-reflex size increased, and ...
PMC10224818
Rapid increase in H-reflex size with both Active and Sham tDCS
Unexpectedly, we found with both Active and Sham tDCS, submaximal H-reflexes measured at one minute after tDCS onset (i.e., T1, the measurement started 30 s after the ramp-up was completed for the Active tDCS group and at the end of ramp-down for the Sham tDCS group) were, on average, about 6% larger than the pre-tDCS ...
PMC10224818
Rapid return of H-reflex excitability to the baseline level
The return (i.e., decrease) of H-reflex size from the initial increase was significant over all participants and appeared to occur sooner among the Active tDCS group participants than the Sham group (Fig. Interestingly, once the H-reflex decreased back to the pre-tDCS level, with Active tDCS, the continuation of positi...
PMC10224818
Implications
COMPLICATION
The ability of tDCS to induce CNS plasticity, measured with, for example, MEPs, fMRI, EEG, and brain derived neurotrophic factor level (Fritsch et al. In the present study, we observed that the excitability of soleus H-reflex pathway was briefly increased by both Active and Sham tDCS applied during standing, and then, ...
PMC10224818
Methodological considerations and limitations
CORTEX
Several methodological concerns and limitations in this study warrant discussions. One of the main findings of this study is that during the first minutes of Active and Sham tDCS, H-reflex size increased. Since several prior studies, in which soleus reflexes were repeatedly elicited over the course of 30–40 min, found ...
PMC10224818
Acknowledgements
The authors wish to thank Roland Cote, Blair Dellenbach, Markus Melvin, Michelle McLeod, Alan Phipps and Bridgette Pouliot for their support and encouragement during challenging times. The authors also wish to thank Kirstin-Friederike Heise for valuable statistical advice.
PMC10224818
Author contributions
LMM conceived the study. LMM, JRW and AKT were responsible for the design. LMM performed the experiments and the analysis. LMM, JRW and AKT interpreted the results. LMM drafted the manuscript. LMM, JRW and AKT edited the manuscript. All authors approved the final version submitted and are accountable for all aspects of...
PMC10224818
Funding
NS114279, Stroke, Neurological Disorders
SPINAL CORD, STROKE, NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS
This work was supported in part by the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke [NS114279 to AKT], the National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering [P41-EB018783 to JRW], the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development [P2C HD086844 to Kautz], the New Yo...
PMC10224818
Data availability
Study data is available upon request.
PMC10224818
Declarations
PMC10224818
Conflict of interest
The authors declare no competing financial interests.
PMC10224818
References
PMC10224818
Background
cancer, sarcomas
CANCER, SARCOMAS
Cell-based  immunotherapy shows the therapeutic potential in sarcomas, in addition to angiogenesis-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) and immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI). Multi-antigen stimulated cell therapy-I (MASCT-I) technology is a sequential immune cell therapy for cancer, which composes of multiple antig...
PMC10687909
Methods
In this phase 1 study, we assessed MASCT-I plus camrelizumab (an ICI against PD-1) and apatinib (a highly selective TKI targeting VEGFR2) in patients with unresectable recurrent or metastatic bone and soft-tissue sarcoma after at least one line of prior systemic therapy. One MASCT-I course consisted of 3 DC subcutaneou...
PMC10687909
Results
From October 30, 2019, to August 12, 2021, 19 patients were enrolled and randomly assigned to schedule-I group (
PMC10687909