title
stringlengths
1
1.19k
keywords
stringlengths
0
668
concept
stringlengths
0
909
paragraph
stringlengths
0
61.8k
PMID
stringlengths
10
11
References
PMC10258964
Background
CYTOTOXICITY, HER2+ BREAST CANCER
The phase II neo-adjuvant clinical trial ICORG10-05 (NCT01485926) compared chemotherapy in combination with trastuzumab, lapatinib or both in patients with HER2+ breast cancer. We studied circulating immune cells looking for alterations in phenotype, genotype and cytotoxic capacity (direct and antibody-dependent cell-m...
PMC10491671
Methods
Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from pre- (
PMC10491671
Results
ER+ tumours
RESIDUAL DISEASE
Treatment attenuated the cytotoxicity/ADCC of PBMCs. CD3+/CD4+/CD8+ T cells increased following therapy, while CD56+ NK cells/CD14+ monocytes/CD19+ B cells decreased with significant post-treatment immune cell changes confined to patients with residual disease. Pembrolizumab-augmented ex vivo PBMC ADCC activity was ass...
PMC10491671
Conclusions
PBMCs display altered phenotype and function following completion of neo-adjuvant treatment. Anti-PD-1-responsive PBMCs in ex vivo ADCC assays may be a biomarker of treatment response.
PMC10491671
Subject terms
PMC10491671
Introduction
breast cancers, breast cancer
CYTOTOXICITY, HER2+ BREAST CANCER, BREAST CANCER
Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive (HER2+) breast cancer accounts for approximately 20% of all breast cancers [Trastuzumab was the first HER2-targeted therapy approved for the treatment of HER2+ breast cancer. Trastuzumab targets a juxtamembrane epitope in subdomain IV of the extracellular portion of the...
PMC10491671
Materials and methods
PMC10491671
Cell lines and reagents
Cell lines were cultured at 37 °C/5% CO
PMC10491671
Patient population and sampling time points
HER2+ BREAST CANCER
HER2+ breast cancer patients (
PMC10491671
Sample processing
BLOOD
Blood was collected in EDTA blood tubes (BD Vacutainer #367525) and processed within 4 h of blood draw. PBMCs were isolated using Ficoll-Paque (ThermoFisher 11778538)-based density centrifugation. PBMCs were frozen in vials at 1 × 10
PMC10491671
Immune cytotoxicity assays
ALDRICH, CYTOTOXICITY
The immune cytotoxicity assays described are based on flow cytometry-based protocols utilised previously, involving carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester (CFSE) (Sigma Aldrich 21888) staining of target cells and the use of aminoactinomycin-D (7AAD) (Sigma Aldrich 9400) as the membrane permeable dead cell dye [
PMC10491671
Fc gamma receptor genotyping
Patient samples (
PMC10491671
Peripheral blood immunophenotyping
Healthy volunteer and patient PBMCs were isolated, thawed and counted as previously described. PBMC samples were brought to a concentration of 3 × 10
PMC10491671
Tumour infiltrating lymphocytes
tumour
TUMOUR, INFILTRATING
Pre-treatment and on-treatment (20 days post cycle 1) stromal, tumour and overall (stromal + tumour) infiltrating lymphocyte counts for ICORG 10-05 were determined previously [
PMC10491671
Ethical approval
ONCOLOGY
The ICORG 10-05 clinical trial was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. The trial was approved by the relevant ethics committees/institutional review boards and health authorities at all participating sites in Ireland under the direction of the study sponsor, the All-Ireland Clinical Oncology Resea...
PMC10491671
Statistical analysis
A pooled Student’s
PMC10491671
Results
PMC10491671
Patient characteristics
Eighty-eight patients were enrolled on the TCHL study, comprising of TCH (
PMC10491671
Breakdown of available samples.
Consort diagram (
PMC10491671
Downregulation of peripheral cytotoxic immune response following completion of neo-adjuvant chemotherapy
CYTOTOXICITY
The cytotoxicity levels of PBMCs pre- and post-treatment were examined in all available samples. An optimal pooled
PMC10491671
Changes to immune cell subsets following neo-adjuvant therapy
CD45+ PBMCs from patients that have completed neo-adjuvant chemotherapy regimens displayed alterations in immunophenotype. The immunophenotype data, and all following data presented in Figs. 
PMC10491671
Pre- and post-treatment immune cell subsets.
Proportion of CD45+ cells staining positive for
PMC10491671
Direct cytotoxicity and ADCC by pCR status.
CYTOTOXICITY
Paired pre- and post-treatment direct cytotoxicity levels of patient PBMCs against
PMC10491671
Immune cell subsets by pCR status.
tumour
CYTOTOXICITY, TUMOUR
Proportion of CD45+ cells which stained positive for The proportion of CD3+ T cells significantly increased following neo-adjuvant treatment (Fig. Diametric changes were observed in other circulating immune cell populations. There was a significant decrease in the proportion of CD56+ NK cells (Fig. Peripheral T cells a...
PMC10491671
Post-treatment cytotoxic immune response did not vary based on pCR and no pCR
CYTOTOXICITY
To ascertain if variances in in vitro PBMC cytotoxicity due to neo-adjuvant treatment could be associated with patient response to therapy, the in vitro cytotoxicity data was broken down by pCR. There was no change in direct cytotoxicity against the K562 or SKBR3 cell lines based on clinical response between pre- and p...
PMC10491671
Post-treatment changes in immune cell subsets are driven by the No pCR cohort
Immunophenotype data was also assessed in the context of pCR. There were no significant differences in the immune cell populations pre- and post-treatment within the pCR cohort (Fig. 
PMC10491671
Baseline circulating immune cells from patients with no pCR have augmented cytotoxic response after treatment with pembrolizumab
Examining PD-1 expression on CD56+, CD8+, and CD14+ subsets reveals that PD-1 expression was present but there was no difference between pre- and post-treatment when divided based on treatment response (Supplementary Fig. 
PMC10491671
Pembrolizumab-responsive PBMCs in the No pCR cohort.
Trastuzumab ADCC levels with and without pembrolizumab against SKBR3 cells using pre-treatment patient PBMCs from In addition, the pre-treatment PD-1 inhibited ADCC response (Fig. 
PMC10491671
TIL levels are lower in patients with in vitro PBMC response to pembrolizumab
Matched pre-treatment TIL data were available for 13/21 pre-treatment PBMC samples utilised in the pembrolizumab ADCC assays [
PMC10491671
Treatment arm did not affect immune cytotoxicity or PBMC immunophenotype
CYTOTOXICITY
No significant difference was found when post-treatment direct cytotoxicity (K562/SKBR3) or ADCC (SKBR3) were compared to pre-treatment levels within arms (Supplementary Fig. 
PMC10491671
Discussion
non-small cell lung cancer, ER+ tumours, melanoma, breast cancer, tumours, TNBC, immune-suppressed tumour
NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER, MELANOMA, BREAST CANCER, TUMOURS, CYTOTOXICITY, HER2+ BREAST CANCER
We report that neo-adjuvant treatment reduced the direct cytotoxic and ADCC capacity of circulating immune cells for all patients on the ICORG 10-05 trial, irrespective of FCGR SNP status. This corresponded with post-treatment increases in circulating CD8+ and CD4+ T cells, and decreased levels of NK cells, monocytes a...
PMC10491671
Supplementary information
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1038/s41416-023-02375-y.
PMC10491671
Acknowledgements
Cancer
ONCOLOGY, CANCER
We wish to thank the patients who participated in the ICORG 10-05 clinical trial and the healthy volunteers who provided blood samples. The clinical trial was sponsored by the All-Ireland Clinical Oncology Research Group (ICORG), now known as Cancer Trials Ireland – CTRIAL-IE, which received funding from GlaxoSmith-Kli...
PMC10491671
Author contributions
NG, AB, SFM, ST, and DMC conceived/designed experiments and acquired and interpreted data. DK, AJE, MSJM, and AC acquired and interpreted data. BM, JMF, NOD, and JC conceived/designed experiments and interpreted data. JSR, AT, and BTH interpreted data. All authors partook in manuscript drafting/revision, approved the f...
PMC10491671
Funding
Cancer
CANCER
This translational study was funded by The Caroline Foundation and the Cancer Clinical Research Trust (CHY12210). Open Access funding provided by the IReL Consortium.
PMC10491671
Data availability
The datasets generated during and/or analysed during the current study are not publicly available due to the terms of ethics approval/consent for the study and data privacy regulations but are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
PMC10491671
Competing interests
CMO, cancer
ONCOLOGY, CANCER
JC has received honoraria from Pfizer, MSD Oncology, Pierre Fabre, and AstraZeneca; has acted in a Consulting or Advisory Role for AstraZeneca, Novartis, MSD, Cepheid and received Speakers' Bureau from Pfizer; has received research funding from Boehringer Ingelheim, Roche, Puma Biotechnology Regeneron, Novartis, MSD On...
PMC10491671
References
PMC10491671
Background
Leprosy, leprosy, infectious disease
LEPROSY, LEPROSY, INFECTIOUS DISEASE
Leprosy is an ancient infectious disease with an annual global incidence of around 200,000 over the past decade. Since 2018, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends single-dose rifampicin as post-exposure prophylaxis (SDR-PEP) for contacts of leprosy patients. The Post ExpOsure Prophylaxis for Leprosy (PEOPLE) t...
PMC10169125
Methods
leprosy, tuberculosis
LEPROSY, TUBERCULOSIS
BE-PEOPLE is a cluster-randomized trial in which 44 clusters in Comoros will be randomized to two study arms. Door-to-door screening will be conducted annually during four years, leprosy patients identified will be offered standard of care treatment. Based on study arm, contacts aged five years and above and living wit...
PMC10169125
Discussion
leprosy
LEPROSY
The COLEP trial on PEP in Bangladesh documented a reduction of 57% in incidence of leprosy among contacts treated with SDR-PEP after two years, which led to the WHO recommendation of SDR-PEP. Preliminary results of the PEOPLE trial show a lesser reduction in incidence. The BE-PEOPLE trial will explore whether reinforci...
PMC10169125
Trial registration
NCT05597280. Protocol version 5.0 on 28 October 2022.
PMC10169125
Keywords
PMC10169125
Background
Leprosy, leprosy, infection, chronic infectious disease
LEPROSY, MAY, LEPROSY, INFECTION, CHRONIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE
BE-PEOPLE is a randomized controlled trial assessing the effectiveness of bedaquiline and rifampicin as post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) for leprosy in Comoros. Leprosy is an ancient chronic infectious disease caused by In 2000, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared leprosy eliminated as public health problem bas...
PMC10169125
Methods/design
PMC10169125
Objectives and hypothesis
leprosy
ADVERSE EVENT, SECONDARY, LEPROSY
The primary objective of BE-PEOPLE will be to compare effectiveness of BE-PEP to that of SDR-PEP at individual level. As a secondary objective, we will compare overall leprosy incidence between villages randomized to BE-PEP and villages randomized to SDR-PEP. Adverse events will be closely monitored and quantified per ...
PMC10169125
Study design
TB, Leprosy, leprosy, Mohéli
ADVERSE EVENTS, LEPROSY, LEPROSY
The BE-PEOPLE trial is a cluster randomized trial in which 44 clusters from the islands of Anjouan and Mohéli (Comoros) will be randomized to two study arms. These include 34 out of 48 villages that were also part of the PEOPLE trial as well as nine new villages of which one has been divided into two. For randomization...
PMC10169125
Setting
TB, Mohéli, deformities, Leprosy, Tuberculosis, leprosy
TUBERCULOSIS (TB), LEPROSY, LEPROSY, TUBERCULOSIS
The Union of Comoros is an archipelago in the Indian Ocean, north of Madagascar, and includes the islands Grand Comore (with the capital Moroni), Anjouan, and Mohéli. Since 2011, around 400 new leprosy cases are notified annually. The vast majority of these cases come from Anjouan and Mohéli with an estimated populatio...
PMC10169125
Participants
cough, liver or kidney disease, leprosy, allergy
LEPROSY, ALLERGY
Participants will be enrolled from 44 clusters: 34 in Anjouan and 10 in Mohéli. We will screen for leprosy including all residents and all ages, whenever leprosy is diagnosed treatment will be provided according to national guidelines. At baseline, all permanent residents aged two years or above, living within 100 m of...
PMC10169125
Randomization
The 44 study clusters will be grouped into 10 categories, by island (Anjouan and Mohéli) and in relation to the PEOPLE trial (former arm 1,2,3, or 4, or new). Within each group, they will be ordered by decreasing baseline prevalence and pairs will be constituted of successive clusters. Within each pair, one will be ran...
PMC10169125
Outcome measures
TB, leprosy
ADVERSE EVENTS, LEPROSY, SECONDARY
The primary outcome will be the leprosy incidence rate ratio between contacts who received SDR-PEP and contacts who received BE-PEP, excluding those in arm 1 who received SDR-PEP because of not being eligible for BE-PEP due to age and/or weight restrictions. In a secondary analysis, we will calculate the incidence rate...
PMC10169125
Intervention implementation and data collection
TB, scabies, Mohéli, vomiting, leprosy, loss of sensation, eczema, Vomiting
SCABIES, ADVERSE EVENTS, EVENT, MYCOSES, LEPROSY, SKIN DISEASES, ECZEMA
Before the study begins, village elders will be informed about study objectives and procedures, followed by community sensitization. Annual door-to-door screening for leprosy will be conducted from 2023 to 2026, by teams that consist of experienced health services staff and community volunteers. Data to be collected in...
PMC10169125
Post-exposure prophylaxis
PMC10169125
Single dose rifampicin
leprosy
LEPROSY
A single dose of rifampicin at 10 mg/kg is the current standard for PEP in leprosy for contacts aged two years and above, as per the 2018 WHO guidelines [
PMC10169125
Rationale for using serology
Although detection of
PMC10169125
Rationale bedaquiline and rifampicin combination
Bedaquiline, the first new drug to be developed against The bioavailability of bedaquiline increases with food (a 2-fold increase in AUC, see label). The exposure of rifampicin, when administered with food, decreases slightly but this is not considered clinically relevant. Therefore, we will offer a snack when PEP is a...
PMC10169125
Data analysis
TB, leprosy
LEPROSY
To assess the effectiveness of PEP at the individual level, we will fit a Poisson model adjusted for follow-up time as an offset term with the villages nested in islands as a random effect and type of PEP (BE-PEP or SDR-PEP) as an explanatory variable, with SDR-PEP as reference category. We will exclude participants be...
PMC10169125
Sample size
For sample size calculations we used the methodology described by Hayes and Bennet for cluster randomized trials [To assess the effect of BE-PEP at the village level, the entire population examined will be considered in the analysis. If incidence at the village level is 1.1 per 1,000 per year, as observed in the PEOPLE...
PMC10169125
Ethics
The study will be carried out according to the principles stated in the Declaration of Helsinki, Good Clinical Practice (GCP), General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), and all applicable regulations and according to established international scientific standards. A yearly update on the status of the study will be pro...
PMC10169125
Acknowledgements
Leprosy, Tuberculosis
LEPROSY, TUBERCULOSIS
We thank the National Tuberculosis and Leprosy Program of the Union of the Comoros Damien Foundation, and the Institute of Tropical Medicine of Antwerp Belgium for their support.
PMC10169125
Author Contribution
RS
AY, SNS, BAT, AP, NA, SHG, SMB, AT, AB, AM, ZS, MA, SG, RS, PC, NOG, CH, AG, BCDJ, and EH designed the study. Drafting the manuscript was performed by AY, NOG, EH, and BCDJ. All authors revised the manuscript.
PMC10169125
Funding
This research will be funded by Janssen Pharmaceutica NV. The funders had no role in development, implementation, analysis of results, or preparation of the manuscript.
PMC10169125
Data Availability
The data supporting the findings of this publication will be retained at the Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, and will not be made openly accessible due to ethical and privacy concerns. Data can however be made available after approval of a motivated and written request to the Institute of Tropical Medicine at ...
PMC10169125
Declarations
PMC10169125
Ethics approval and consent to participate
The BE-PEOPLE trial was approved by ‘Comité National d’Ethique pour les Sciences de la Vie et de la Santé’ (CNESS) (Réf.N°23/03/CNESS/PR) as well as by the as well as by the ‘Direction Générale de la Santé’ (Réf.N°23/33/MSSPSPG/DGS) in the Union of Comoros. Approval was also received from the Institutional Review Board...
PMC10169125
Consent for publication
Not applicable.
PMC10169125
Competing interests
The authors have no competing interests to declare.
PMC10169125
List of Abbreviations
Tuberculosis
LEPROSY, TUBERCULOSIS
Adverse EventPhenolic glycolipid-IAdverse ReactionBacille de Calmette GuérinDamien FoundationInstitutional Review BoardInstitute of Tropical MedicineMulti bacillaryPaucibacillaryNational Tuberculosis and Leprosy Control ProgramPost ExpOsure Prophylaxis for LEprosy in the Comoros and MadagascarPost Exposure ProphylaxisQ...
PMC10169125
References
PMC10169125
Subject terms
gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma
REGRESSION, LIVER METASTASES, LIVER METASTASES, GASTROESOPHAGEAL JUNCTION ADENOCARCINOMA
The liver is one of the most ordinary metastatic sites of gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma and significantly affects its prognosis. Therefore, this study tried to construct a nomogram that can be applied to predict the likelihood of liver metastases from gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma. 3001 eligible p...
PMC10329020
Introduction
gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma
GASTROESOPHAGEAL JUNCTION ADENOCARCINOMA
The incidence of gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma (GEJA) has increased markedly in Western countries over the past few decades
PMC10329020
Methods
PMC10329020
Patients
LIVER METASTASES, GASTROESOPHAGEAL JUNCTION ADENOCARCINOMA
We screened 3001 GEJA patients newly diagnosed between 2010 and 2015 from the SEER database who met our inclusion criteria, of which 281 developed liver metastases. The exclusion process is shown in Fig. Patient screening flowchart. This figure contains how we screened 3001 Siewert type II gastroesophageal junction ade...
PMC10329020
Statistical analysis and optimal cutoffs
tumor
TUMOR
We used x-tile v3.6.1 (Yale University) software to determine optimal cutoff values for tumor size and age
PMC10329020
Results
PMC10329020
Characteristics of GEJA patients
tumor
TUMOR, LIVER METASTASES, BRAIN METASTASES, LUNG METASTASES, BONE METASTASES
We included 3001 patients with GEJA diagnosed between 2010 and 2015 in this retrospective study, with 9.3% (n = 281) had liver metastases, 3.5% (n = 106) had lung metastases, 2.5% (n = 77) had bone metastases, 0.4% (n = 14) had brain metastases. Table Characteristics of all 3001 patients before and after PSM.We used th...
PMC10329020
Survival analysis of liver metastases from gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma
gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma
LIVER METASTASES, GASTROESOPHAGEAL JUNCTION ADENOCARCINOMA
Using R software v4.3.0, we performed a 1:3 propensity score matching of patients with gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma based on the presence or absence of liver metastases, and finally, 221 patients who had liver metastases were matched with 471 patients without liver metastases. The median follow-up for the p...
PMC10329020
The diagnostic likelihood of liver metastases in GEJA patients
tumor
REGRESSION, TUMOR, LIVER METASTASES
We randomly divided the patients into a training cohort and an internal validation cohort with an allocation of 7:3 ratio by R software v4.3.0. More information about the training and validation cohorts is shown in Table Patient characteristics of the training and validation cohorts.We used the x-tile v3.6.1 (Yale Univ...
PMC10329020
Construction and validation of a predicted nomogram
gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma, adenocarcinoma of the gastroesophageal junction
LIVER METASTASES, GASTROESOPHAGEAL JUNCTION ADENOCARCINOMA, REGRESSION, LIVER METASTASIS, ADENOCARCINOMA OF THE GASTROESOPHAGEAL JUNCTION
Based on the risk factors for liver metastases identified by multivariate logistic regression, we created a nomogram to predict the risk of liver metastases in GEJA patients. (Fig. Nomogram to predict the risk of liver metastases in gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma patients. From this nomogram, we can determine...
PMC10329020
Discussion
tumor, T stage, colorectal cancer, gastroesophageal junction malignancies, liver metastases, Malignant tumors, gastric cancer
BRAIN METASTASIS, TUMOR, COLORECTAL CANCER, LIVER METASTASES, LUNG METASTASIS, MALIGNANT TUMOR, LUNG METASTASES, GASTROESOPHAGEAL JUNCTION ADENOCARCINOMA, LYMPH NODE METASTASIS, REGRESSION, BONE METASTASES, GASTRIC CANCER
The survival of patients with metastatic Siewert type II GEJA is influenced by multiple factors, such as pathological type, age, metastatic pattern, degree of differentiation, and treatmentIn this retrospective study, a nomogram that can predict the risk of liver metastases resulting from GEJA was constructed. And its ...
PMC10329020
Acknowledgements
The authors thank the participants and their families in this study.
PMC10329020
Author contributions
M.Z., W.Y., BH., C.C., D.Z., and Y.Y. made substantial contributions to conception and design; M.Z., W.Y., C.C., D.Z., and Y.Y. made substantial contributions to the acquisition, analysis, and interpretation of data. All authors made substantial contributions to the drafting of the manuscript and revising of the manusc...
PMC10329020
Funding
Supported by Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province (21JR1RA118) and Gansu Provincial Youth Science and Technology Fund (21JR1RA107, 18JR3RA305).
PMC10329020
Data availability
The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study available from the corresponding author on reasonable request. It can also be downloaded directly from the SEER database. (
PMC10329020
Competing interests
The authors declare no competing interests.
PMC10329020
References
PMC10329020
Subject terms
acute kidney injury
SECONDARY INFECTION
SARS-CoV-2 and its different variants caused a “wave and wave” pandemic pattern. During the first wave we demonstrated that standardized Brazilian green propolis extract (EPP-AF®) reduces length of hospital stay in adult patients with COVID-19. Afterwards, we decided to evaluate the impact of EPP-AF in hospitalized pat...
PMC10611696
Introduction
non-vaccinated
CORONAVIRUS, DISEASE, CORONAVIRUS DISEASE 2019, SEVERE ACUTE RESPIRATORY SYNDROME
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been a significant concern regarding its global impact on healthcare settingsAfter the viral replication phase, there is an enormous immunological and inflammatory challenge since both innate and adaptive immu...
PMC10611696
Methods
PMC10611696
Trial design and oversight
BeeCovid2 was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial to evaluate safety and efficacy of EPP-AF in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 who were not in mechanical ventilation. The study was conducted at Hospital São Rafael, a tertiary 600-bed hospital in Salvador, Bahia, northeastern Brazil, from A...
PMC10611696
Participants
fungal infection, cancer, heart failure, human immunodeficiency virus, sepsis, hypersensitivity
SARS-COV-2 INFECTION, HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS, FUNGAL INFECTION, LIVER FAILURE, CANCER, HEART, HEART FAILURE, END-STAGE KIDNEY DISEASE, SEPTIC SHOCK, SEPSIS, HYPERSENSITIVITY
It was considered eligible to study participation patients aged 18–80 years hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection, diagnosis confirmed by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and symptoms starting within 14 days of the randomization date.Exclusion criteria included patients undergoing mechanical ve...
PMC10611696
Procedures
Trial randomization was stratified based on clinical parameters related to the need for supplemental oxygen as follows: no use of oxygen, catheter ≤ 5 L/min, nasal catheter > 5 L/min or non-rebreather mask, continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), or high-flow nasal cannula. Randomization was carried out from permut...
PMC10611696
Outcomes
AKI, initiation of renal replacement, acute kidney injury
SECONDARY, SECONDARY INFECTION, ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY, KIDNEY DISEASE
The primary endpoint was the time to clinical improvement, defined as the difference in days in length of hospital stay between groups.The secondary outcomes included percentage of participants who needed mechanical ventilation (MV), secondary infection (defined as cultures of blood, urine or tracheal aspirate positive...
PMC10611696
Safety
death, Cancer
ADVERSE EVENT, ADVERSE EVENT, CANCER
Patients were monitored to ensure safety, which is the major premise of the entire study. Adverse events (AE) that may compromise safety or were regarded as serious or severe (pregnancy, life-threatening illness, new hospitalization, or death) were reported to the local research ethics committee (within 24 h). Adverse ...
PMC10611696
Statistical analysis
death
REGRESSION
The mean length of hospital stay in the control group of BeeCovid study was 12.6 days with a standard deviation of 6.5 daysThe main analysis of the study was conducted under the intention-to-treat principle. The modified intention-to-treat population consisted of all patients who were randomized and received either EPP...
PMC10611696
Results
PMC10611696
Discussion
critically ill, chronic kidney disease, fever, coronavirus infection, pain, infection, hemodialysisAcute kidney injury
CRITICALLY ILL, CORONAVIRUS INFECTION, DISEASES, INFECTION, SECONDARY INFECTION
In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, the use of standardized Brazilian green propolis extract associated with standard-of-care treatment reduced the length of hospital stay by one day compared to a placebo group among hospitalized adult patients with mild to moderate COVID-19. This trend was more...
PMC10611696
Supplementary Information
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1038/s41598-023-43764-w.
PMC10611696
Acknowledgements
The authors thank the patients for their valuable contributions. The authors also thank Apis Flora Indl. Coml. Ltda. for providing propolis and placebo, the support of the Maria Emília Pedreira Freire de Carvalho Foundation, and the staff of D’Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR) and Hospital São Rafael for t...
PMC10611696