title stringlengths 1 1.19k | keywords stringlengths 0 668 | concept stringlengths 0 909 | paragraph stringlengths 0 61.8k | PMID stringlengths 10 11 |
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Statistical Analysis | The statistical analyses were performed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, version 23.0 (IBM Corp, Armonk, NY, USA). We analyzed the data using an intention-to-treat analysis. For participants with incomplete or missing data, we used the maximum-likelihood method for imputation [Descriptive characteristics are pres... | PMC10337399 | ||
Results | PMC10337399 | |||
Primary Outcomes | PMC10337399 | |||
Blood Sugar Control | There were no significant differences in the FPG and HbAThe GEE analyses revealed no significant group differences in FPG. The HbA | PMC10337399 | ||
Body Constitution | TCM | The TCM mHealth app group scored the highest in The GEE analyses indicated that the TCM mHealth app group showed significant improvements in | PMC10337399 | |
Body Energy | TCM | There were no significant differences in body energy among the three groups at the three time points. Body energy increased significantly from T1 to T2 and from T1 to T3 in the TCM mHealth app group, but remained unchanged in the ordinary mHealth app and control groups (The GEE results indicated that the TCM mHealth ap... | PMC10337399 | |
Health-Related Quality of Life | TCM | There were no significant differences in the PCS among the three groups at the three time points. The TCM mHealth app group had a significant increase in the PCS from T1 to T2 and from T1 to T3. The ordinary mHealth app group also had a significant increase in the PCS from T1 to T3 (With regard to the MCS, the TCM mHea... | PMC10337399 | |
Secondary Outcomes | PMC10337399 | |||
BMI | There were no significant differences in BMI among the three groups at the three time points (The GEE results indicated that the TCM mHealth app group showed a significant decrease in BMI at T3 compared to that in the control group ( | PMC10337399 | ||
Dietary Behavior | There were no significant differences in the DASH dietary behavior among the three groups at the three time points ( | PMC10337399 | ||
Physical Activity | The ordinary mHealth app group had a significantly higher PA level than that of the other two groups across all three time points ( | PMC10337399 | ||
Discussion | PMC10337399 | |||
Principal Findings | prediabetes, foods/PA, TCM | PREDIABETES | This RCT found that the TCM mHealth group showed better HbAPrevious studies showed that using an mHealth app improved HbAThe TCM dietary and PA advice used in the TCM mHealth app is mainly based on the types of foods/PA to avoid and those to consume/practice based on the individual’s body constitution. Qigong, includin... | PMC10337399 |
Limitations | prediabetes | PREDIABETES | This study has several limitations. First, most participants were from an outpatient department and had chronic conditions. Therefore, this sample may have had more complex health problems than present in people with prediabetes alone. The participants may be more homogeneous since they were from one single center. Sec... | PMC10337399 |
Conclusion | prediabetes, TCM | SECONDARY, PREDIABETES | We developed a TCM mHealth app to incorporate TCM concepts into an mHealth app for individuals with prediabetes. Compared to controls not using the app, the TCM mHealth app appeared to be effective in improving HbAThis study was funded by the Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation (TCRD-TPE-109-05... | PMC10337399 |
Abbreviations | diabetes | DIABETES | Body Constitution QuestionnaireDietary Approaches to Stop HypertensionDiabetes Prevention Programfasting plasma glucosegeneralized estimating equationhemoglobin Ahealth-related quality of lifemental component scoreMeridian Energy Analysis Devicemetabolic equivalentmobile healthphysical activityphysical component scorer... | PMC10337399 |
Data Availability | All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article and its supplementary information files. | PMC10337399 | ||
Background | NEUROMUSCULAR BLOCKADE | Sugammadex is a newer medication used for rapid and reliable reversal of neuromuscular blockade. This study evaluated whether sugammadex could reduce the length of postoperative hospital stay in patients undergoing abdominal surgery. | PMC9875499 | |
Methods | REGRESSION, SECONDARY, PULMONARY COMPLICATIONS | This single center retrospective cohort study included patients who underwent major abdominal surgery between January 2015 and October 2019. Patients were randomized according to reversal with sugammadex or spontaneous recovery. The primary outcome was length of postoperative hospital stay. The secondary outcomes were ... | PMC9875499 | |
Results | Of the 1614 patients, 517 received sugammadex and 645 spontaneously recovered. After adjusting for potential confounders, non-linear relationship was detected between administration of sugammadex and the length of postoperative hospital stay (β = 0.29 95% confidence interval {CI}: [− 1.13, − 0.54], | PMC9875499 | ||
Conclusions | Neuromuscular blockade, pneumonia | NEUROMUSCULAR BLOCKADE, PNEUMONIA | Neuromuscular blockade reversal with sugammadex after abdominal surgery demonstrated an excellent recovery profile and was associated with decreased risk of pneumonia, although it did not affect the length of postoperative hospital stay. | PMC9875499 |
Supplementary Information | The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12871-023-01979-4. | PMC9875499 | ||
Keywords | PMC9875499 | |||
Introduction | respiratory complications | RESPIRATORY COMPLICATIONS, NEUROMUSCULAR BLOCKADE | Neuromuscular blockade (NMB) is commonly used in anesthesia to facilitate endotracheal intubation and optimize surgical conditions, including during abdominal surgery [Sugammadex is a cyclodextrin that selectively binds to free rocuronium (a neuromuscular blocker) molecules in plasma. Contrary to acetylcholinesterase i... | PMC9875499 |
Methods | PMC9875499 | |||
Ethical statements | cancer, Cancer | CANCER, RECRUITMENT, CANCER | This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Jiangsu Cancer Hospital on 30 March, 2020 (approval number: R-2020-039). Patient consent was waived because of the retrospective study design. The authors did not obtain information identifying individual participants during or after data collection.In this single-... | PMC9875499 |
Patient involvement | Only the medical records of patients were collected, identified, and reviewed. Therefore, patients were not involved in the design and conduct of the study, selection of outcome measures, or study enrollment. | PMC9875499 | ||
Sugammadex | Rocuronium, a neuromuscular blocking agent, was administered during major abdominal surgery. Following the operation, all patients were transferred to the PACU. Anesthetists could decide whether or not to use sugammadex according to their discretion. Time of administration of sugammadex depends on the anesthesia team’s... | PMC9875499 | ||
Hospital and PACU stays | bleeding, pneumonia, atelectasis | POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATION, BLEEDING, PNEUMONIA, ATELECTASIS | Length of stay was defined as the number of days in the postoperative hospital stay.The length of post-anesthetic care unit (PACU) stay was the duration spent in the PACU. PACU discharge criteria were as follows: (1) awake and recovery of airway protective reflex; (2) hemodynamic stability; (3) recovery of spontaneous ... | PMC9875499 |
Statistical analysis | REGRESSION | A propensity score matching (PSM) method was applied to minimize bias associated with confounding variables. Age (> 70 years), BMI score, ASA score (Classes 1, 2, and ≥ 3), preoperative comorbidities, duration of anesthesia, duration of surgery, intraoperative remifentanil dose, muscle relaxant dose, and type of surger... | PMC9875499 | |
Results | PMC9875499 | |||
Patients’ demographic data | This study was conducted between January 2015 and October 2019. Of the total of 1614 patients who underwent major abdominal surgery, 421 who were aged > 70 years, and 31 whose BMI were > 35 kg/mThe demographic characteristics of the patients included in the study are presented in Supplementary Table | PMC9875499 | ||
Comparison of postoperative outcomes in the two groups | POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS | The results on the primary outcomes are presented in Table Primary postoperative outcomes before and after propensity score-matchingThe length of PACU stay were shorter in the sugammadex group than in the spontaneously recovered group and similar findings were observed in the propensity pair matched cohort (51.86 ± 27.... | PMC9875499 | |
Univariate analysis | The results of univariate analysis are presented in Supplementary Table | PMC9875499 | ||
Results of relationship between sugammadex with postoperative outcomes | diabetes | REGRESSION, HYPERTENSION, CEREBRAL INFARCTION, DIABETES | Subsequently, we performed mixed-effects linear regression analysis for factors related to postoperative outcomes as presented in Supplementary Table Effect of sugammadex on postoperative recovery, based on a propensity score-matched cohortsNon-adjusted model adjust for: NoneAdjust I adjust for: sex; age; ASA; BMI; hyp... | PMC9875499 |
Discussion | pneumonia, postoperative pulmonary complications, peristalsis, Postoperative pulmonary complication, Early postoperative neuromuscular recovery, gastrointestinal motility | PNEUMONIA, COMPLICATION OF ANESTHESIA, DELAYED RECOVERY FROM ANESTHESIA, POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS | Our study demonstrated that intraoperative administration of sugammadex significantly reduced the time to passage of flatus or feces and dramatically reduced PACU length of stay. However, there was no impact on the length of postoperative hospital stay.The results of our study suggested that sugammadex has a significan... | PMC9875499 |
Conclusions | PULMONARY COMPLICATIONS | The results of this study revealed that administration of sugammadex did not shorten hospital stay after abdominal surgery. Sugammadex was useful in decreasing recovery time in the PACU without an increase in pulmonary complications. | PMC9875499 | |
Acknowledgements | Not applicable. | PMC9875499 | ||
Authors’ contributions | Conceptualization, J T and Z S; Methodology, J T.; Software, L W; Validation, P L, Z S and Q B; Formal Analysis, J T and J H; Investigation, J T and L W; Resources, J T; Data Curation, J F; Writing – Original Draft Preparation, J T; Writing – Review & Editing, J T, Z S and Qi B; Supervision, Z S and Q B; Project Admini... | PMC9875499 | ||
Funding | This research received no specific grant from any funding agency, commercial or not-for-profit sectors. | PMC9875499 | ||
Availability of data and materials | All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article and its supplementary information file. | PMC9875499 | ||
Declarations | PMC9875499 | |||
Ethics approval and consent to participate | Cancer | CANCER | The study was conducted according to the guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki, and approved by the Ethics Committee of Jiangsu Cancer Hospital (Nanjing, China). Approval number: R-2020-039; Approval date: 5 November, 2020. This article is a retrospective study; therefore, the Ethics Committee of Jiangsu Cancer Hos... | PMC9875499 |
Consent for publication | Not applicable. | PMC9875499 | ||
Competing interests | The authors declare that they have no competing interests. | PMC9875499 | ||
References | PMC9875499 | |||
Background | diabetes | CHRONIC DISEASES, DIABETES | Patient empowerment through pharmacological self-management is a common strategy in some chronic diseases such as diabetes, but it is rarely used for controlling blood pressure. | PMC9849508 |
Objective | hypertensive | This study aimed to assess self-monitoring plus self-titration of antihypertensive medication versus usual care for reducing systolic blood pressure (SBP) at 12 months in poorly controlled hypertensive patients. | PMC9849508 | |
Design | The ADAMPA study was a pragmatic, controlled, randomized, non-masked clinical trial with two parallel arms in Valencia, Spain. | PMC9849508 | ||
Participants | Hypertensive | Hypertensive patients older than 40 years, with SBP over 145 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) over 90 mmHg, were recruited from July 2017 to June 2018. | PMC9849508 | |
Intervention | Participants were randomized 1:1 to usual care versus an individualized, pre-arranged plan based on self-monitoring plus self-titration. | PMC9849508 | ||
Main Measure | AMD | The primary outcome was the adjusted mean difference (AMD) in SBP between groups at 12 months. | PMC9849508 | |
Key Results | Primary outcome data were available for 312 patients (intervention | PMC9849508 | ||
Conclusion | ADVERSE EVENTS | Self-monitoring plus self-titration of antihypertensive medication based on an individualized pre-arranged plan used in primary care may be a promising strategy for reducing blood pressure at 12 months compared to usual care, without increasing healthcare utilization or adverse events. | PMC9849508 | |
Trial Registration | EudraCT, number 2016-003986-25 (registered 17 March 2017) and | PMC9849508 | ||
Supplementary Information | The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11606-022-07791-z. | PMC9849508 | ||
KEY WORDS | PMC9849508 | |||
BACKGROUND | Cardiovascular diseases, premature death, hypertensive, hypertension, disability, diabetes | CHRONIC DISEASES, HYPERTENSION, CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE, DIABETES | Cardiovascular diseases are the main cause of disability and premature death worldwide,Among the array of interventions proposed to improve BP control,Patient empowerment through pharmacological self-management is a common strategy in some chronic diseases such as diabetes, but it is rarely used for controlling BP. Whe... | PMC9849508 |
METHODS | PMC9849508 | |||
Study Design | The ADAMPA study is a pragmatic, controlled, randomized, non-masked clinical trial with two parallel arms. It took place in a Valencia health district (Spain) and involved 36 family doctors (27 of whom recruited patients from 15 primary healthcare centers). The study protocol was published elsewhere. | PMC9849508 | ||
Setting | RECRUITMENT | The ADAMPA study took place in one health district of the Valencia health system, serving a population of 345,000 inhabitants. This district is part of an extensive network of public hospitals and primary healthcare centers, part of the Spanish National Health System, which provides virtually universal healthcare that ... | PMC9849508 | |
Participants | hypertension | UNCONTROLLED HYPERTENSION, HYPERTENSION | Patients with a diagnosis of hypertension in their electronic medical record, aged 40 years and over, with uncontrolled hypertension (mean BP reading on the reference arm of systolic BP (SBP) > 145 mmHg or diastolic BP (DBP) > 90 mmHg on the baseline examination) and voluntarily agreeing to join the study were eligible... | PMC9849508 |
Randomization and Blinding | Family doctors recruited potentially eligible patients, performed a preliminary examination, and obtained written informed consent from participants. The sample was randomized in a 1:1 ratio using a centralized online randomization system to usual care or self-management. A minimization strategyADAMPA patient flow char... | PMC9849508 | ||
Intervention | hypertension, Hypertension | HYPERTENSION, HYPERTENSION | In the intervention group, the family doctor established with each patient a reference arm to measure blood pressure and an individualized BP target. These individualized goals were decided by the physician in conjunction with the patient, who received the European Society of Hypertension (ESH) and the European Society... | PMC9849508 |
Outcomes | AMD | The primary outcome of the study was the adjusted mean difference (AMD) in systolic blood pressure between the intervention and control groups at 12 months. At baseline (before randomization) and follow-up visits at the primary care health center, at least two BP readings were taken in a seated position, at 1- to 2-min... | PMC9849508 | |
Sample Size | A sample size of 382 patients was estimated in order to have 90% power to detect a 5 mmHg (SD 15 mmHg) difference in SBP between groups (primary outcome) with a two-tailed contrast and an alpha error of 0.05. This figure represents a clinically relevant difference based on previous trials. | PMC9849508 | ||
Statistical Analysis | obesity, angina, chronic kidney disease, peripheral artery disease, diabetes | ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION, OBESITY, PERIPHERAL ARTERY DISEASE, ADVERSE EVENTS, SECONDARY, CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASE, DIABETES | The analysis was performed on an intention-to-treat basis. A descriptive analysis of the groups’ baseline characteristics was performed using the Stratified analyses of between-group MD in SBP at 12 months, with their corresponding 95% CIs, were estimated according to gender, age (40 to 64 years, 65 to 79 years, and ≥ ... | PMC9849508 |
Discussion | obesity, BP reduction, diabetes, hypertensive, hypotensive syncope | OBESITY, ADVERSE EVENTS, DIABETES, SECONDARY, HYPOTENSIVE SYNCOPE | The ADAMPA trial assessed the effectiveness of an intervention combining home blood pressure self-monitoring plus self-titration of antihypertensive medication (based on an individualized pre-arranged plan) and educational components versus usual care (also with educational components) in poorly controlled hypertensive... | PMC9849508 |
CONCLUSIONS | ADVERSE EVENTS | Self-management of blood pressure including home blood pressure monitoring, educational components, and patients’ self-titration of antihypertensive medication based on an individualized pre-arranged plan in the primary care setting may be a promising strategy for reducing blood pressure compared to usual care at 12 mo... | PMC9849508 | |
Contributors | The authors acknowledge the trial sponsor INCLIVA Health Research Institute; its Scientific Deputy Director, Marta Peiró Signes; the rest of the staff for their support; and all the participants for their invaluable contribution to this study. We also want to acknowledge Maria Teresa García for her support with the ele... | PMC9849508 | ||
Funding | The ADAMPA study was funded by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III from the Spanish Ministry of Research, Innovation and Universities (Grant Pl16/02130 and RD16/0001/0011, cofinanced by the European Regional Development Fund) and had the collaboration of the SCReN Platform (Spanish Clinical Research Network from the Ins... | PMC9849508 | ||
Availability of Data | The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request. | PMC9849508 | ||
Declarations | PMC9849508 | |||
Ethics Approval | MAY, RECRUITMENT | The clinical research ethics committee (CEIC-HCUV) approved the study protocol on 27 April 2017, as did the Spanish Agency for Medicines and Health Products (AEMPS; Reference: MUH/CLIN/EC dated 5 May 2017). All participants signed informed consent prior to enrolment in the study. None of the health professionals involv... | PMC9849508 | |
Conflict of Interest | The authors declare that they do not have a conflict of interest. | PMC9849508 | ||
References | PMC9849508 | |||
BACKGROUND: | preterm preeclampsia, prematurity | Early delivery in preterm preeclampsia may reduce the risks for the patient, but consequences of prematurity may be substantial for the baby. This trial evaluated whether the implementation of a risk stratification model could safely reduce prematurity. | PMC10510842 | |
METHODS: | preeclampsia | PREECLAMPSIA | This was a stepped-wedge cluster-randomized trial in seven clusters. Patients presenting with suspected or confirmed preeclampsia between 20 | PMC10510842 |
RESULTS: | EVENT | Between March 25, 2017 and December 24, 2019, 586 and 563 patients were analyzed in the intervention and usual care groups, respectively. The event rate was 1.09% in the intervention group, and 1.37% in the usual care group. After prespecified adjustments for variation between and within clusters over time, the adjuste... | PMC10510842 | |
CONCLUSIONS: | preeclampsia | DISEASE, PREECLAMPSIA | The introduction of an intervention based on biomarkers and clinical factors for risk stratification did not lead to reductions in preterm deliveries. Further training on the interpretation of disease severity in preeclampsia and the development of additional risk stratification is needed before adoption into clinical ... | PMC10510842 |
REGISTRATION: | URL: | PMC10510842 | ||
NOVELTY AND RELEVANCE | PMC10510842 | |||
What Is New? | preeclampsia | PREECLAMPSIA | This is the first study to combine clinical and laboratory information from the fullPIERS algorithm in the care of patients with suspected or confirmed preeclampsia with the sFlt-1 (soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1)/PlGF (placental growth factor) ratio. | PMC10510842 |
What Is Relevant? | preterm preeclampsia, prematurity | PREECLAMPSIA | Early delivery in preterm preeclampsia may reduce the risks for the patient, but consequences of prematurity may be substantial for the baby. Developing risk stratification models to support decisions is a challenge in clinical practice. The risk stratification demonstrated in this study did not lead to reduction in pr... | PMC10510842 |
Clinical/Pathophysiological Implications? | Prematurity, preterm preeclampsia, Preeclampsia, preeclampsia | DISORDER, PRETERM BIRTH, PREMATURITY, PREECLAMPSIA, COMPLICATIONS, PREECLAMPSIA, PERINATAL MORBIDITY | It is important to consider different sFlt-1/PlGF ratio and fullPIERS thresholds for maternal and perinatal outcomes, mainly preterm deliveries. Additionally, developing a continuous knowledge transfer program to help care providers to gain confidence with new tests is crucial for implementation.
Preeclampsia is a comp... | PMC10510842 |
METHODS | PMC10510842 | |||
Data Availability | The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request. | PMC10510842 | ||
Study Design | PREECLAMPSIA | This was a stepped-wedge, cluster-randomized trial for the implementation of an intervention at the hospital level to evaluate whether this risk stratification model could safely reduce the incidence of preterm deliveries among patients with suspected or confirmed preeclampsia. The trial was conducted in seven tertiary... | PMC10510842 | |
Participants | eclampsia, renal, cardiac or respiratory failure, abruption, coma, hemolysis, preeclampsia | ECLAMPSIA, SYNDROME, COMA, HEMOLYSIS, PREECLAMPSIA, NONREASSURING FETAL STATUS | Patients presenting with suspected or confirmed preeclampsia between 20Patients with multifetal gestations or those presenting with a diagnosis of fetal demise, nonreassuring fetal status necessitating immediate delivery at admission, eclampsia, hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelets syndrome, renal, cardiac ... | PMC10510842 |
Randomization and Masking | preeclampsia | EVENT, PREECLAMPSIA | Randomization was undertaken by the trial statistician through a computer-generated blocking list at the start of the trial. Random ordering was selected to minimize the rank correlation between the historical event rate and the order of implementation. The timing of implementation of the intervention to each center wa... | PMC10510842 |
Procedures | Preeclampsia, seizure | PREECLAMPSIA | Once the center had transitioned to implement the intervention, all patients had sFlt-1/PlGF ratio measurement and fullPIERS assessment performed as part of their routine care, and results were revealed to the clinicians. sFlt-1 and PlGF were measured using the Elecsys Preeclampsia Platform (Roche Diagnostics) and the ... | PMC10510842 |
Outcomes | PMC10510842 | |||
Primary Outcome | preterm preeclampsia | Proportion of patients with preterm preeclampsia who delivered <37 weeks’ gestation/total deliveries. | PMC10510842 | |
Secondary Outcomes | death, stroke, eclampsia, coma, preterm preeclampsia, hepatic dysfunction, stillbirth, hemolysis, renal dysfunction | STROKE, THROMBOCYTOPENIA, ECLAMPSIA, PULMONARY EDEMA, SYNDROME, COMA, HEMOLYSIS, PREECLAMPSIA | Proportion of patients with preterm preeclampsia who delivered <37 weeks’ gestation/total deliveries for preeclampsia,Proportion of patients with preterm preeclampsia who delivered <34 weeks’ gestation/total deliveries for preeclampsia,Prolongation of pregnancy.Additional maternal outcomes investigated included materna... | PMC10510842 |
Statistical Analysis | preterm preeclampsia, prematurity | EVENT, SECONDARY, REGRESSION, PRETERM DELIVERY, HYPERTENSION, PREECLAMPSIA | We planned the study around seven clusters, each involving 1 center, and therefore 8 steps each of 4 months; and a total trial length of 8×4=32 months. Based on hospital records, we assumed an average of 330 deliveries per month in each center; and 990 per step (allowing for some delay in the full implementation of the... | PMC10510842 |
DISCUSSION | prematurity, eclampsia, preeclampsia | PRETERM BIRTH, ECLAMPSIA, HYPERTENSIVE DISORDER, ELEVATED BLOOD PRESSURE, PREECLAMPSIA | The trial aimed to evaluate whether a combination of the sFlt-1/PlGF ratio and the fullPIERS algorithm, by classifying patients with suspected or diagnosed preeclampsia as low risk for adverse outcomes and therefore suitable for expectant management, would safely lead to a reduction in preterm deliveries.The main findi... | PMC10510842 |
Perspectives | eclampsia, preeclampsia | PRETERM BIRTH, HYPERTENSION, ECLAMPSIA, PREECLAMPSIA | To our knowledge, this is the first study to combine clinical and laboratory information from the fullPIERS algorithm with the sFlt-1/PlGF ratio in the care of patients with suspected or confirmed preeclampsia. The main findings of our trial showed that the introduction of a new methodology for evaluating patients with... | PMC10510842 |
ARTICLE INFORMATION | PMC10510842 | |||
Acknowledgments | Prematurity, Preeclampsia | PREMATURITY, PREECLAMPSIA | The authors thank the independent Data Monitoring Committee. The authors thank all collaborators at the participant centers and their obstetricians, nurses and midwives involved in trial enrollment and management of patients. The authors thank the supporters of the study. This trial was supported by grants from Bill & ... | PMC10510842 |
Sources of Funding | Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (OPP1142172), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico—CNPq and the Brazilian Ministry of Health Brazil (401718/2015-8), Roche Diagnostics. The funders of the study had no role in study design, data collection, data analysis, data interpretation, or writing of the re... | PMC10510842 |
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