title
stringlengths
1
1.19k
keywords
stringlengths
0
668
concept
stringlengths
0
909
paragraph
stringlengths
0
61.8k
PMID
stringlengths
10
11
References
PMC10327391
Background
malaria, MPE
MALARIA
School-aged children (SAC) have an increased risk to contract malaria and play a major role in its transmission dynamics. However, their malaria prevention experience is poor. Thus, the effect of malaria prevention education (MPE) on bed net utilization, treatment seeking from a health facility and cumulative incidence...
PMC10360348
Methods
malaria
MALARIA, REGRESSION
A two arm cluster randomized controlled trial was conducted by recruiting 2038 SAC from 32 schools. Structured questionnaire was used to collect data on socio-demographic, economic, bed net ownership, bed net utilization, whether the participated child suffered from malaria and has got treatment from a health facility....
PMC10360348
Results
malaria
MALARIA
The ownership of bed net in households of the control and intervention schools was similar respectively with 84.6 and 88.6% (Crude Odds Ratio (COR): 1.5; 95%CI: 0.5–4.8). The percentage of SAC slept under the bed net the night before the survey was also similar (55.1% versus 54.0%); COR:1.04; 95%CI: 0.5–2.4). Bed net u...
PMC10360348
Conclusions
malaria, MPE
MALARIA
MPE had no significant effect on the use of malaria prevention measures considered, treatment seeking from a health facility and reported cumulative incidence of malaria though bed net use was associated with malaria incidence. Before organizing any health education program, sustainable implementation efforts have to b...
PMC10360348
Trial registration
Pan African Clinical Trials Registry PACTR202001837195738, registered 21/01/2020.
PMC10360348
Keywords
PMC10360348
Introduction
malaria, infections
DISEASE TRANSMISSION, MALARIA, DISEASE, INFECTIONS, MALARIA
Malaria remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in economically disadvantaged tropical and subtropical regions, particularly in Africa [As the transmission intensity reduces due to the widespread use of malaria prevention measures, there is change in age pattern of malaria. The proportion of clinical malar...
PMC10360348
Methods
PMC10360348
Study area and participants
malaria
MALARIA
This study was conducted in Dara Mallo and Uba Debretsehay districts in Gamo and Gofa Zones respectively. These districts were selected as they harbor the highest burden of malaria in the former Gamo Gofa Zone in Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples Regional (SNNPR) state. In line with the national malaria elim...
PMC10360348
Trial design and participants
malaria
MALARIA
A 1:1 two-arm parallel open cluster randomized controlled trial was conducted to address the trial objectives. The trial was registered in Pan African Clinical Trials Registry (PACTR202001837195738). Clusters are primary schools that are found in malaria transmission settings in the two districts and enrolled at least ...
PMC10360348
The intervention and its implementation
malaria, anaemia
MALARIA, ANAEMIA
The intervention was malaria prevention education. The content of the intervention package was developed after exploring the parent’s perception of the cause of malaria and their malaria prevention experience [Two science teachers and a school director from each intervention schools were trained by the research team fr...
PMC10360348
Outcomes
malaria, anemia
MALARIA, SECONDARY, ANEMIA
The initial aim of the study was to assess the effect of MPE on incidence of malaria, anemia, and cognitive performance of SAC. However, because of the low prevalence of malaria than assumed, the outcomes of the intervention were changed to the proxy indicators of malaria. The primary and secondary outcomes used to eva...
PMC10360348
Primary outcome
The primary outcome of the trial was bed net utilization by SAC. It was defined as a percentage of SAC that slept under LLINs the night before the interview irrespective of bed net ownership.
PMC10360348
Secondary outcomes
malaria
MALARIA, SECONDARY
The secondary outcomes of the trial were self-reported cumulative incidence of malaria, the percentage of children with symptoms of malaria who sought treatment from a health facility, and bed net ownership. Bed net ownership was defined as the presence of at least one bed net in the household. Reported cumulative inci...
PMC10360348
Sample size
malaria, anemia
MALARIA, SECONDARY, ANEMIA
The bed net utilization among SAC in primary school was 30.7% in Uganda [The estimated sample size for malaria and anemia as outcome variables was 16 clusters with the minimum cluster size of 72 and 1152 children in each of the intervention and control arms. To assess the effect of the intervention on the bed net utili...
PMC10360348
Sampling techniques and data collection
malaria
MALARIA
A total of 3,204 children attending their primary education were approached at 32 primary schools. Seventy-two children from grades one to three were selected using systematic random sampling technique from eligible children in each section of the students with a class roster as the sampling frame. The number of partic...
PMC10360348
Data analysis
malaria
REGRESSION, MALARIA
The data collection and analysis methods used were described elsewhere [Univariable mixed effect logistic regression using glmer function of R version 4.0.4 statistical software was used to assess the effect of MPE on outcome variables by taking schools as a random variable to account for the cluster effect. Odds ratio...
PMC10360348
Results
death, MPE
A total of 2304 SAC were approached for enrollment in the study. Of these, 2156 (93.6%) participants were consented and enrolled in the study. For evaluation of the intervention effectiveness, data from a total of 2138 (92.8% response rate) were analyzed and 118 were lost from the follow-up. Most common reasons for not...
PMC10360348
Effect of the intervention on outcome variables
malaria, MPE
MALARIA, REGRESSION
The mean number of parents and SAC attended the MPE in each school were 62.9 and 93.5% respectively. The difference in bed net ownership before the intervention and after intervention in the control arm was 65.4% (84.6–19.2%) while it was 70.4% in the intervention group. The corresponding numbers for bed net utilizatio...
PMC10360348
Discussion
malaria, MPE
MALARIA
In our study, bed net utilization among children in the intervention arm increased substantially from 7.9–55.1%% due to a bed net distribution and this rise was similar in both arms (p value:0.92). The MPE did not significantly affected both bed net ownership and its utilization. However, bed net utilization by SAC was...
PMC10360348
Acknowledgements
malaria
MALARIA
We would like to thank Arba Minch University for funding for the data collection, Dara Mallo and Uba Debretsehay district health offices for informing lists of malaria endemic kebeles. Our sincere appreciation goes to school directors, other implementers and all participants involved in the study.
PMC10360348
Authors’ contributions
FM
ZZ, JP, HB, SA, GB, MS, AT, FM, YC & TY conceived the idea and designed the study; ZZ, MM, MS & YC participated in the acquisition of data; ZZ & JP analyzed and interpreted the data; ZZ, JP, HB, SA& FM drafted the manuscript.
PMC10360348
Funding
Arba Minch University financed the data collection process.
PMC10360348
Data Availability
The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
PMC10360348
Declarations
PMC10360348
Ethical approval and consent to participate
The trial was approved with the written consent procedure to be followed by the Institutional Research Ethics review Board (IRB) in College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Arba Minch University with the reference number of IRB/154/12. The world medical association declaration of the Helsinki was followed in each step ...
PMC10360348
Consent for publication
Not applicable.
PMC10360348
Competing interests
The authors declare that we have no competing interests.
PMC10360348
Abbreviations
DISEASE
artemisinin-based combination therapyAkaike Information CriterionAdjusted Odds Ratioconfidence intervalCrude odds ratioCoronavirus Disease 2019comma-separated valueDemographic and Health Surveysglobal positioning systemintracluster correlation coefficientInstitutional Research Ethics Review BoardResearch Ethics Review ...
PMC10360348
References
PMC10360348
Abstract
PMC10364520
Background
Diverticulitis
PERFORATED DIVERTICULITIS, DIVERTICULITIS
The Scandinavian Diverticulitis (SCANDIV) trial and the LOLA arm of the LADIES trial randomized patients with Hinchey III perforated diverticulitis to laparoscopic peritoneal lavage or sigmoid resection. The aim of this analysis was to identify risk factors for treatment failure in patients with Hinchey III perforated ...
PMC10364520
Methods
This was a
PMC10364520
Results
The pooled analysis included 222 patients randomized to laparoscopic lavage and primary resection (116 and 106 patients respectively). Univariable analysis found ASA grade to be associated with advanced morbidity in both groups, and the following factors in the laparoscopic lavage group: smoking, corticosteroid use, an...
PMC10364520
Conclusion
diverticulitis
PERFORATED DIVERTICULITIS, DIVERTICULITIS
Active smoking status and corticosteroid use were risk factors for laparoscopic lavage treatment failure (advanced morbidity) in patients with perforated diverticulitis.This study analysed a prospectively collected cohort of patients with Hinchey III diverticulitis from two large randomized trials (SCANDIV and LOLA), a...
PMC10364520
Introduction
stenosis, diverticulitis, Hinchey III disease
STENOSIS, DIVERTICULITIS
Complicated diverticulitis is characterized by perforation, stenosis, fistulas, and obstructionThe role of laparoscopic lavage as means of treating Hinchey III disease has been debated and investigated. Recently, the results of three RCTSThe SCANDIV trial
PMC10364520
Methods
COMPLICATIONS
Both studies were approved by national ethics boards initially, and a supplement to the primary ethics approval was sent in and approved (2021-06755-02) in Sweden and Norway. In the Netherlands, additional approval was not considered necessary by the Medical Ethics Review Committee of the Academic Medical Centre.Indivi...
PMC10364520
Statistical analysis
REGRESSION
Logistic regression in a two-step approach was used to investigate risk factors for failure and compare potential risk factors between operation types. ORs with 95 per cent confidence intervals and
PMC10364520
Results
stoma, GI, gastrointestinal.
REGRESSION, PERFORATED DIVERTICULITIS
A total of 222 patients with Hinchey III perforated diverticulitis were included in the pooled analysis, of whom 116 were randomized to the laparoscopic lavage group and 106 to the primary resection group (Study flow chartPRA, primary resection with anastomosis; ITT, intention to treat.Baseline characteristics of all p...
PMC10364520
Discussion
cancers, failure of laparoscopic lavage, carcinoma, perforated carcinoma, Peritonitis, diverticulitis, Hinchey III disease, sigmoid cancer, failure of laparoscopic peritoneal lavage
CANCERS, CARCINOMA, PERITONITIS, SECONDARY, PERFORATED DIVERTICULITIS, DIVERTICULITIS, SIGMOID CANCER, LIVER METASTASIS
By combining two of the largest randomized trials of treatment of perforated diverticulitis, a large prospectively collected data set within a trial setting of patients with Hinchey III disease could be assessed. Main risk factors for treatment failure in the laparoscopic lavage group were smoking and corticosteroid us...
PMC10364520
Collaborators
RA, Opmeer, MP, TG
DER
A Papp, U Ersson, T Zittel, N Fagerström, D Gustafsson, G Dafnis,: M Cornelius, M Egenvall, P O Nyström, I Syk, D Vilhjalmsson, C Wallon, G Arbman, J Folkesson, A Chabok, M Helgeland, J Bondi, A Husby, R Helander, A Kjos, H Gregussen, A J Talabani, G Tranø, I H Nygaard, G Wiedswang, O Helmer, K F Desserud, S Norderval,...
PMC10364520
Acknowledgements
The authors thank T. Schyman and A. Åkesson at Forum South, Clinical Studies Sweden, for help with the statistical analysis.
PMC10364520
Funding
The investigator-initiated LADIES trial was supported by a grant from the Netherlands Organization for Health Research and Development (ZonMw). The SCANDIV trial was funded by the South-Eastern Norway Regional Health Authority (PNR 2719011).
PMC10364520
Author contributions
P.
SCHULTZ
Najia Azhar (Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Methodology, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing), Daniël Lambrichts (CRediT contribution not specified), Sheraz Yaqub (Conceptualization, Methodology, Supervision, Writing—review & editing), Johan Lange (CRediT contribution not specified), To...
PMC10364520
Disclosure
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
PMC10364520
Data availability
Original data will be available upon request.
PMC10364520
References
PMC10364520
Background
humerus fractures, fractures
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.Proximal humerus fractures (PHFs) are common fractures, especially in older female patients. These fractures are commonly treated surgically, but the consensus on the best treatment is still lacking.
PMC10683994
Methods and findings
SE, fractures
RECRUITMENT, COMPLICATIONS
The primary aim of this multicenter, randomized 3-arm superiority, open-label trial was to assess the results of nonoperative treatment and operative treatment either with locking plate (LP) or hemiarthroplasty (HA) of 3- and 4-part PHF with the primary outcome of Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) at 2...
PMC10683994
Conclusions
COMPLICATIONS
In this study, no benefit was observed between operative treatment with LP or HA and nonoperative treatment in displaced 3- and 4-part PHFs in patients aged 60 years and older. Further, we observed a high rate of complications related to operative treatments.
PMC10683994
Author summary
PMC10683994
Why was this study done?
osteoporotic, fractures
Proximal humerus fractures (PHFs) are among the most common fractures in older adults. The risks for suffering a PHF increase with age, especially after the age of 60 years.Nonoperative treatment of non-displaced PHF is uniformly approved, but the treatment of displaced 3- and 4-part PHF remains controversial. Recently...
PMC10683994
What did the researchers do and find?
COMPLICATIONS
We randomly allocated 160 patients to either nonoperative treatment or operative treatment with HA or LP.We recorded the Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) score, other measures of shoulder function and quality of life, and complications at 2-year follow-up.We found no significant or clinically important be...
PMC10683994
What do these findings mean?
fractures
This trial provides no evidence that surgery is superior to nonoperative treatment in the treatment of displaced 3- or 4-part PHF involving the surgical neck in older adults.These results suggest that the current practice of performing surgery on the majority of displaced 3- or 4-part proximal fractures of the humerus ...
PMC10683994
Data Availability
Data are available from the Tampere university hospital Institutional Data Access (contact via
PMC10683994
Introduction
fracture, fractures
Proximal humerus fractures (PHFs) are one of the main fractures in the upper extremities sustained by older female patients [To date, several attempts have been made to describe the fracture using various current and updated classifications. However, none of these have shown acceptable potential for clinical decision-m...
PMC10683994
Methods
OSTEOPOROTIC FRACTURES
This study was a parallel group, superiority multicenter NITEP (Nordic Innovative Trial to Evaluate Osteoporotic Fractures; The original protocol consisted of 2 stratums [The protocol was signed by the principal investigator (PI) of each site, and the investigator site file (ISF) was held locally using good clinical pr...
PMC10683994
Patients
Patients aged 60 years and older with displaced 3- and 4-part low-energy PHF sustained within 2 weeks prior to allocation were eligible for inclusion. We used the Neer classification (displacement more than 1 centimeter and/or 45 degrees, with bony contact between all fragments) [Patients were randomly assigned in a 1:...
PMC10683994
Participant flow diagram of the Nordic Innovative Trial to Evaluate osteoPorotic fractures (NITEP).
All patients analyzed according to ITT analysis. Definitions: “Lost to follow-up”–patient could not be reached for the follow-ups; “Not obtained”–Some of the patient data missing, but patient continued in the follow-ups; “Discontinued from the study”–patient wished to discontinue from the trial.
PMC10683994
Surgical and postoperative procedures
The treatment in all groups was standardized. Patients receiving operative treatment had either Philos LP (Synthes, Solothurn, Swizerland) or HA (various brands; see
PMC10683994
Outcome measures
PROM
COMPLICATIONS
The primary outcome in this trial was DASH score at 2-year follow-up. The DASH is a patient-reported outcome measure (PROM), which measures self-reported disability and symptoms with 36 questions regarding different daily tasks [The patient data acquired were stored in paper portfolios from where they were extracted af...
PMC10683994
Ethical approval
RECRUITMENT
The initial ethical approval was received from the Regional Ethics Committee of Tampere University Hospital (approval-code R10127). All sites gained local ethical committee approval before the recruitment. Only voluntary patients who gave their informed written consent were included. All data were deidentified.
PMC10683994
Public and patient involvement
When designing the trial, we did not involve patients in trial planning.
PMC10683994
Statistical analysis
The trial was designed to detect an MCID in the DASH score of at least 10 points with a standard seviation (SD) of 18 (effect size d = 0.67). Our pretrial assumption was that the operative treatment arms (LP and HA) would gain an average improvement of 10 points of difference compared to nonoperative treatment (arms 1:...
PMC10683994
Results
Between February 2011 and December 2019, a total of 160 patients with 3- and 4-part PHFs were randomly assigned to undergo nonoperative treatment or operative treatment with LP or HA. In total, 54 patients were assigned to the nonoperative group, 52 to the LP group, and 54 to the HA group (
PMC10683994
Characteristics of 160 patients with displaced 3–4-part PHF at baseline.
SE, humerus fracture
DASH, Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand; EQ-5D, EuroQol Group’s 5-dimension self-reported questionnaire; HA, hemiarthroplasty; LP, locking plate; OSS, Oxford Shoulder Score; PHF, proximal humerus fracture; SD, standard deviation; SE, standard error; 15D, 15-dimensional quality-of-life questionnaire.
PMC10683994
Primary outcome
SE
The mean DASH score at 2-year follow-up was 30.4 (standard error (SE) 3.25), 31.4 (SE 3.11), and 26.6 (SE 3.23) points for the nonoperative, LP, and HA groups, respectively. At 24 months, the between-group differences were 1.07 points (95% CI [−9.5, 11.7];
PMC10683994
Between-group differences in mean DASH score (0 representing the best, 100 the worst) from baseline to 24-month follow-up.
(Vertical lines represent 95% confidence intervals. DASH, Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand).
PMC10683994
Between-group differences in mean Constant–Murley Score (100 representing the best, 0 the worst) from 6- to 24-month follow-up.
(Vertical lines represent 95% confidence intervals).
PMC10683994
Secondary outcomes
SECONDARY
There was no difference between the study groups in any of the secondary outcomes: CS, OSS, VAS, EQ-5D, or 15D (
PMC10683994
Adverse events
COMPLICATIONS
At 2-year follow-up, we found 30 complications (3/52, 5.8% in nonoperative group; 22/49, 45% in LP group; and 5/49, 10% in HA group,
PMC10683994
AEs at 2-year follow-up by type and group of treatment.
stroke, pain, pneumonia, AVN
MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION, PNEUMONIA, STROKE, AVASCULAR NECROSIS, ADVERSE EVENT
AE, adverse event; AVN, avascular necrosis; HA, hemiarthroplasty; LP, locking plate.SAEs, other than severe pain, occurred in 4 patients. In the LP group, 1 patient had myocardial infarction. In the HA group, 1 patient had a stroke, 1 patient had myocardial infarction, and 1 patient had pneumonia.
PMC10683994
Discussion
fracture, fractures
RECRUITMENT, COMPLICATION, FRAGILITY, SECONDARY, COMPLICATIONS
This multicenter, assessor-blinded, randomized trial involving adult patients aged 60 years and older with 3- and 4-part PHF revealed that operative treatment with LP or HA was not superior to nonoperative treatment with regard to the primary outcome, DASH, assessed at 24-month follow-up. Moreover, the nonoperative gro...
PMC10683994
Supporting information
PMC10683994
Checklist of information to include when reporting a randomized trial assessing nonpharmacologic treatments (NPTs).
(DOCX)Click here for additional data file.
PMC10683994
Checklist of information reporting RCTs assessing NPTs in Journal Abstract.
(DOCX)Click here for additional data file.
PMC10683994
Hemiarthroplasty brands and their amounts/fractions used throughout the trial.
(DOCX)Click here for additional data file.
PMC10683994
Rehabilitation programs used throughout the trial.
(DOCX)Click here for additional data file.
PMC10683994
Sample size and analysis plan.
(DOCX)Click here for additional data file.Our group wishes to thank all the patients who participated in this trial. Moreover, this trial could not have been carried out without our oranizations and the personnel and residents of our clinics who participated treatment of the study patients. The group would like to offe...
PMC10683994
Abbreviations
adverse eventavascular necrosisconfidence intervalConstant–Murley Scorecomputed tomographyDisabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and HandEuroQol Group’s 5-dimension self-reported questionnairehemiarthroplastyinvestigator site fileintention-to-treatlocking plateminimal clinically important differenceNordic Innovative Trial ...
PMC10683994
References
PMC10683994
Introduction
anxiety
Edited by: Jiachao Zhang, Hainan University, ChinaReviewed by: Yingli Jing, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Capital Medical University, China; Wenwei Lu, Jiangan University, China; Lijun Wang, Xihua University, ChinaThis article was submitted to Microbial Immunology, a section of the journal Frontiers in Immunolo...
PMC10077425
Methods
depression, insomnia, anxiety
Sixty anxious students were enrolled and randomly allocated to the placebo group and the probiotic group. Both groups were instructed to take placebo and JYLP-326 products twice per day for three weeks, respectively. Thirty unanxious students with no treatments were assigned to a regular control group. The anxiety, dep...
PMC10077425
Results
depression, insomnia, anxiety
The questionnaire results suggested that JYLP-326 administration could relieve the symptoms of anxiety, depression, and insomnia in test anxious students. The gut microbiomes of the placebo group showed a significantly greater diversity index than the control group (p < 0.05). An increased abundance of
PMC10077425
Conclusion
The results indicate that the intervention of
PMC10077425
Introduction
anxiety
Test anxiety, characterized by feelings of failure, tension, and worrying when an individual faces a vital test for promoting, occurs prevalently among college students. We reported that about 20%-40% of college students suffer from test anxiety in our previous study (The issue of how anxious students process these exa...
PMC10077425
Materials and methods
PMC10077425
PMC10077425
Participants and experimental design
Anxiety, anxiety, Insomnia, depression, Depression
RECRUITMENT
We conducted this study to evaluate the effects of 3-week supplementation of JYLP-326 on the exam stress-induced behaviors in senior college students. Students who were nervously studying for the UNGEE during September to December 2020, a critical period for students to prepare the exam, were recruited from Nanchang Un...
PMC10077425
Questionnaires
insomnia
The severity of the insomnia symptoms was measured using the Chinese version of AIS-8 (
PMC10077425
DNA extraction and 16S rRNA sequencing
Total genomic DNA in students’ feces samples was extracted from the glass fiber filters using TIANamp Bacteria DNA Kit (QIAGEN) following the manufacturer’s instructions. The concentration and quality of the extracted genomic DNA were determined using spectrophotometer (NanoDrop, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc., USA). E...
PMC10077425
Fecal metabolites analysis
SEPARATION
Metabolomics in feces were analyzed at Shanghai Personal Biotechnology Cp. Ltd using an UHPLC (1290 Infinity LC, Agilent Technologies) coupled to a quadrupole time-of-flight (AB Sciex TripleTOF 6600). Stool weighing 100 mg was added with 400 ml extract of methanol-acetonitrile-water (2:2:1, vol/vol/vol), vortexed and c...
PMC10077425
Statistical analysis
anxiety/depression
Spearman correlation analysis was performed by R package and used to determine the correlation between anxiety/depression scores and the main changed microbes, as well as the correlation between microbes and the differential metabolites (
PMC10077425
Results
PMC10077425
JYLP-326 alleviates anxiety, depression, and insomnia symptoms in students
Anxiety, anxiety, depressive, insomnia, Insomnia, Depression
There were no significant differences in the background features of age and BMI among the enrolled students in these groups (Characteristics of subjects enrolled in this study and efficacy outcomes of tests as assessed Data was shown as mean ± SD; n refers to number; BMI, baseline body mass index.The 14-item Hamilton A...
PMC10077425
JYLP-326 has impacts on the gut microbial diversity
anxiety
All subjects were invited to provide fecal samples voluntarily. But we finally collected 25 fecal samples from the HP group, 20 from P group and 20 from PB group to perform 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing analysis. And 2 samples in P group and 1 sample in PB group failed to establish sequencing library. There was a...
PMC10077425
Effects of JYLP-326 on the fecal microbial composition
At the phylum level, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria were the most common populations in these groups, and they accounting for 99.76%,99.53%, and 99.30% of the total sequencing results in these three groups, respectively (Effects of JYLP-326 on the gut microbial composition. At the genus le...
PMC10077425
Identification of changed fecal metabolites among each group
The quality control (QC) samples were inserted into the sample cohorts to monitor and evaluate the stability of the test system and the reliability of experimental data. The response intensity and retention time of each chromatographic peak of all QC samples were almost overlapped in their total ion chromatograms (Feca...
PMC10077425
JYLP-326 promotes the fecal metabolic rearrangement in anxious students
To explore the differential metabolites among these groups, we used OPLS-DA models to compare the differential variables between groups, and the value of variable importance for the projection (VIP) obtained by OPLS-DA (VIP > 1) and p value (Pathway enrichment analysis of differential metabolites. Meanwhile, there were...
PMC10077425