| { | |
| "original_study": { | |
| "claim": { | |
| "hypothesis": "The entrepreneurship rate in a country is negatively associated with the country’s median age.", | |
| "hypothesis_location": "p. 154 Corollary 3; p.157 empirical implications: implication 5; also discussed in the abstract.", | |
| "statement": "A one standard deviation decrease in median age (equal to 3.5 years in 2010) results in a 2.5 percentage point increase in the entrepreneurship rate, which is over 40 percent of the mean entrepreneurship rate across countries (equal to 0.061 in 2010).", | |
| "statement_location": "p. S167, section V. Empirical Implementation (B. Country-Level Analysis); also discussed in the abstract.", | |
| "study_type": "Observational" | |
| }, | |
| "data": { | |
| "source": "entrepreneurship: Global Entrepreneurship Monitor; the GEM data is checked against: Flash Eurobarometer Survey on Entrepreneurship.\ndemographics: US Census Bureau’s International Data Base", | |
| "wave_or_subset": "2001-2010", | |
| "sample_size": "393", | |
| "unit_of_analysis": "country-year", | |
| "access_details": "GEM: Bosma, Niels, Alicia Coduras, Yana Litovsky, and Jeff Seaman. 2012. “Global Entrepreneurship Monitor Manual.” Version 2012-9 (May). Global Entrepreneurship Res. Assoc., London. no further access details are provided; \nFESE: https://dbk.gesis.org\nIDB: http://www.census.gov/population/international/data/idb/index.php", | |
| "notes": "The total number of observations is 1.3 million, the number of country-year cells is 393, and the number of country-age-year cells is 17,554. The entrepreneurship rate can be constructed at each cell level. China was excluded from the study." | |
| }, | |
| "method": { | |
| "description": "The study examines how demographic structure influences entrepreneurship, regressing country-level entrepreneurship rates on median age", | |
| "steps": "1.Get entrepreneurship data defined as managing and owning a business up to 42 months old that pays wages. Aggregate the data to construct entrepreneurship rates at the country-year level.\n2.Get population data and calculate median age for each country-year.\n3.Estimate a regression and weight observations are weighted by the number of individuals who make up each country-year cell. Include year dummies as controls. Standard errors clustered at the country level are in brackets.", | |
| "models": "ordinary least squares regression", | |
| "outcome_variable": "Entrepreneurship Rate (Early Stage, Pays Wages)", | |
| "independent_variables": "Median age (ages 20–64)", | |
| "control_variables": "year dummies", | |
| "tools_software": "not stated" | |
| }, | |
| "results": { | |
| "summary": "A one–standard deviation (3.5-year) reduction in median age raises the entrepreneurship rate by 2.5 percentage points, equivalent to roughly 40% of the sample mean (0.061) across countries.", | |
| "numerical_results": [ | |
| { | |
| "outcome_name": "Entrepreneurship Rate (Early Stage, Pays Wages)", | |
| "value": "2.5", | |
| "unit": "percentage point", | |
| "effect_size": "not stated", | |
| "confidence_interval": { | |
| "lower": "not stated", | |
| "upper": "not stated", | |
| "level": "not stated" | |
| }, | |
| "p_value": "not stated; p was not stated explicitly, but the result is calculated using the estimates from column 3 of table 2, and regression coefficients on median age there are significant at 1 percent level", | |
| "statistical_significance": "not stated; p was not stated explicitly, but the result is calculated using the estimates from column 3 of table 2, and regression coefficients on median age there are significant at 1 percent level", | |
| "direction": "negative" | |
| } | |
| ] | |
| }, | |
| "metadata": { | |
| "original_paper_id": "0022-3808/2018/126S1-0007", | |
| "original_paper_title": "Demographics and Entrepreneurship.", | |
| "original_paper_code": "not stated", | |
| "original_paper_data": "not stated" | |
| } | |
| } | |
| } | |