| { | |
| "original_study": { | |
| "claim": { | |
| "hypothesis": "... this factor [the advantages of youth] has a positive effect on entrepreneurship and the importance of that factor declines with age.", | |
| "hypothesis_location": "Section: Introduction: ; p. 142", | |
| "statement": "The estimates imply that a median age that is one standard deviation lower is associated with a 2.5 percentage point higher country rate of entrepreneurship, which is about 40 percent of the mean rate.", | |
| "statement_location": "Section: Introduction; p.144 ", | |
| "study_type": "Observational" | |
| }, | |
| "data": | |
| [ | |
| { | |
| "source": "Global Entrepreneurship Monitor", | |
| "wave_or_subset": "2001–2010", | |
| "sample_size": "1.3 million", | |
| "unit_of_analysis": "individual level who are 15 to 60 years of age", | |
| "access_details": "http://www.gemconsortium.org", | |
| "notes": "The authors aggregate the data up to the country level." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "source": "Penn World Table", | |
| "wave_or_subset": "version 7.1", | |
| "sample_size": "over 200", | |
| "unit_of_analysis": "country level", | |
| "access_details": "Available at http://www.census.gov/population/international/data/idb/index.php.", | |
| "notes": "Used for population data to construct sampling weights." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "source": "Education attainment data set", | |
| "wave_or_subset": "NA", | |
| "sample_size": "not stated", | |
| "unit_of_analysis": "country-year level", | |
| "access_details": "constructed by Barro and Lee (2010)", | |
| "notes": "Limited details as it is only used for control variable." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "source": "World Bank database", | |
| "wave_or_subset": "not stated", | |
| "sample_size": "not stated", | |
| "unit_of_analysis": "country level", | |
| "access_details": "Available at https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NV.AGR.TOTL.ZS.", | |
| "notes": "Limited details as it is only used for control variable." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "source": "international property rights index from the Property Rights Alliance", | |
| "wave_or_subset": "NA", | |
| "sample_size": "not stated", | |
| "unit_of_analysis": "country level", | |
| "access_details": "not stated", | |
| "notes": "Limited details as it is only used for control variable. Access is not discussed, but a reference is included (Strokova and Mitra 2010). Data is for 2010 only." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "source": "Wikipedia", | |
| "wave_or_subset": "NA", | |
| "sample_size": "not stated", | |
| "unit_of_analysis": "country level", | |
| "access_details": "Available at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_service.", | |
| "notes": "Limited details as it is only used for control variable." | |
| } | |
| ] | |
| , | |
| "method": { | |
| "description": "The authors use reduced-form regressions at the country level of aggregation to estimate the effect that the age distribution in a country has on the rate of entrepreneurship.", | |
| "steps": "(1) Construct sampling weights to aggregate data; (2) Clean data and aggregate to the country level using sampling weights; (3) run reduced-form, country-level regressions.", | |
| "models": "reduced-form regressions at the country level of aggregation", | |
| "outcome_variable": "entrepreneurship rate", | |
| "independent_variables": "age of the particular group; share of population younger", | |
| "control_variables": "year dummies, log of per capita GDP, the 5-year per capita average growth rate, the share of agriculture sector in GDP, the tertiary education completion rate, an estimate of start-up costs as a percentage of gross national income, an index of intellectual property, and a dummy for whether the country has more than 1 year of compulsory military service.", | |
| "tools_software": "not stated" | |
| }, | |
| "results": { | |
| "summary": "The estimates imply that a median age that is one standard deviation lower is associated with a 2.5 percentage point higher country rate of entrepreneurship, which is about 40 percent of the mean rate.", | |
| "numerical_results": [ | |
| { | |
| "outcome_name": "Entrepreneurship Rate", | |
| "value": "0.007", | |
| "unit": "standard deviation", | |
| "effect_size": "2.5 percentage point increase", | |
| "confidence_interval": { | |
| "lower": "not stated", | |
| "upper": "not stated", | |
| "level": "not stated" | |
| }, | |
| "p_value": "<0.01", | |
| "statistical_significance": "at 1% level", | |
| "direction": "negative", | |
| "notes" : "Confidence intervals are not presented, but standard errors are (0.001). Discussed positively but written negatively because these results are discussed in terms of a decrease in median age." | |
| } | |
| ] | |
| }, | |
| "metadata": { | |
| "original_paper_id": "0022-3808/2018/126S1-0007", | |
| "original_paper_title": "Demographics and Entrepreneurship", | |
| "original_paper_code": "not stated", | |
| "original_paper_data": "not stated" | |
| } | |
| } | |
| } | |