dpquoc/ARC · Datasets at Hugging Face

Unnamed: 0 int64 0 2.25k	id stringlengths 8 22	question stringlengths 17 683	A stringlengths 1 147	B stringlengths 1 134	C stringlengths 1 153	D stringlengths 1 129 ⌀	answer stringclasses 5 values
1,281	Mercury_7084613	When the lighted half of the Moon faces the Sun and the dark half faces Earth, the phase of the Moon viewed from Earth is called the	full moon.	new moon.	waxing moon.	waning moon.	B
1,282	Mercury_7100503	The flower petals of a hydrangea plant change color as the acidity of the soil changes. The color changes are directly related to which factor?	gravitropism	photosynthesis	geographic location	environmental conditions	D
1,283	Mercury_7267750	What is significant about the discovery of water on Mars?	It proves there is life on Mars.	It provides evidence there may be life on Mars.	It proves there was an advanced civilization on Mars.	It provides evidence of an advanced civilization on Mars.	B
1,284	AKDE&ED_2008_4_43	A teacher places an item in a box. The item takes the shape of the entire container. This item is most likely	air.	milk.	water.	paint.	A
1,285	NYSEDREGENTS_2006_4_28	In New York State, the shortest period of daylight occurs during which month?	December	June	March	September	A
1,286	MCAS_2003_5_24	During which of the processes below does water vapor change to liquid water?	melting	freezing	evaporation	condensation	D
1,287	MCAS_1999_8_2	Which technological advancement has done the most to improve the accuracy of weather predictions?	barometer	weather balloons	anemometer	satellites	D
1,288	Mercury_7064715	An important rule for students to know when heating a test tube is to	place a cork in the mouth of the test tube.	point the mouth of the test tube away from others.	hold the test tube loosely with the fingertips.	shake the test tube forcefully to keep contents mixed.	B
1,289	Mercury_7099208	How would a drought most likely affect the plants of a grassy plain?	There would be shorter plants.	They would have thicker stems.	There would be a greater variety.	They would have brighter flowers.	A
1,290	Mercury_7021210	The brain and spinal cord are parts of which body system?	nervous	excretory	endocrine	respiratory	A
1,291	Mercury_7057750	Chromosome mutations involve the deletion or duplication of many genes. The effects of chromosome mutations are often much greater than mutations within a single gene, because chromosome mutations	can only occur at the time of fertilization.	can cause abnormal development of the offspring.	are always beneficial to the organism.	are rarely passed on to the next generation.	B
1,292	NCEOGA_2013_5_50	What will most likely result when the jet stream moves south of North Carolina?	North Carolina will experience tropical weather conditions.	North Carolina will experience hot, dry weather.	North Carolina will experience mild weather.	North Carolina will experience cold weather.	D
1,293	Mercury_7185308	Estuaries in Florida often have mangrove trees growing in them. The roots of the mangrove trees slow the flow of the water, which allows soil particles to settle. If people were allowed to remove the mangrove trees, how would the estuary environment most likely be affected?	The amounts of nutrients in the water would decrease.	More habitats for fish would be established.	Populations of grasses would increase.	The risk of erosion would be reduced.	A
1,294	NYSEDREGENTS_2009_4_2	Which sense can be used to determine an object's ability to reflect light?	sight	hearing	smell	taste	A
1,295	Mercury_7172463	The North America Nebula is named for its similarity in shape to the North American continent. It was discovered within the Milky Way by astronomer William Herschel in 1790. What was Mr. Herschel most likely observing?	the explosion following the collapse of a star	a dense cluster of stars of varying magnitudes	meteorites as Earth passed through the tail of a comet	a cloud of hydrogen gas and dust where stars are born	D
1,296	CSZ10356	Which animals are most likely to carry the seeds found in berries from the parent plant to another area?	bees	birds	flies	caterpillars	B
1,297	NYSEDREGENTS_2007_8_22	All rocks are composed of	fossils	cells	metals	minerals	D
1,298	Mercury_7018358	In some dry areas, large amounts of water have been pumped from underground sources where water has been naturally stored for thousands of years. If the water is not replaced, what type of land feature is most likely to result?	delta	lake	desert	mountains	C
1,299	Mercury_7032375	Which scientist studied biology by traveling by ship to different islands observing animal life, and developed a hypothesis about how species change?	Galileo Galilei	Albert Einstein	Charles Darwin	Sir Isaac Newton	C
1,300	Mercury_7030100	How does a student best avoid becoming dehydrated during a field investigation on a hot day?	drink water from a bottle	wear a wide-brimmed hat	drink a lot before leaving school	drink from a clear running stream	A
1,301	Mercury_7072328	The primary function of a doorbell circuit is to convert electrical energy into	sound.	motion.	radiant energy.	chemical energy.	A
1,302	Mercury_7057400	A lunar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes through Earth's shadow. A lunar eclipse can only occur during a	full moon.	new moon.	first quarter moon.	last quarter moon.	A
1,303	TAKS_2009_8_18	A recent study concluded that about 90% of all large predatory fish such as tuna have disappeared from the world's oceans in the past 50 years. Which of these is most likely the direct cause of this loss?	Urban development near the coast	Commercial harvesting from the ocean	Climate change on Earth	Acid precipitation over the oceans	B
1,304	NYSEDREGENTS_2009_4_4	When an ice cube melts, its state of matter changes from a	gas to a liquid	solid to a liquid	liquid to a solid	solid to a gas	B
1,305	NCEOGA_2013_5_4	In which way are evaporation and condensation similar?	Both cause decreases in air temperature.	Both cause increases in air temperature.	Both are caused by the warming of the atmosphere.	Both are caused by changes in heat energy.	D
1,306	MCAS_2008_8_5714	The surface of a heated metal object measures 120°C. It is dropped into a bucket filled with water measuring 10°C. Which of the following is most likely to occur?	Both the water and metal will adjust to the same temperature below 10°C.	The water and metal will adjust to different temperatures above 120°C.	The water will remain the same temperature, but the metal will cool to 10°C.	The water and metal will adjust to the same temperature between 10°C and 120°C.	D
1,307	Mercury_402493	In order to record the passing of a distant comet, which instruments would be the most useful?	camera, tripod, and telescope	telescope, binoculars, and camera	camera with flash attachment, and tripod	telescope with camera attachment and camera	D
1,308	Mercury_176593	Temperature is the measurement of which type of energy?	chemical	mechanical	potential	kinetic	D
1,309	Mercury_SC_408047	Scientists are discovering ways to make some crops use less water. A person working in which job would most benefit from this research?	a farmer	a doctor	a waiter	a cook	A
1,310	Mercury_7270375	Stem cells are cells that can differentiate into many different kinds of cells. Scientists have discovered that the environment supporting the cells influences stem-cell differentiation. For example, stem cells grown on strong, flexible surfaces became muscle cells. What most likely happened to stem cells grown on a hard, rigid surface?	They became nerve cells.	They became red blood cells.	They became bone cells.	They became skin cells.	C
1,311	MCAS_2009_8_2	Sherry is going to use her computer to draw a three-dimensional box. She wants to be able to specify the exact dimensions and angles and to rotate the box as needed on the screen. Which of the following types of programs would Sherry most likely use for this purpose?	word processing software	math spreadsheet program	Internet-based search engine	computer-aided design program	D
1,312	Mercury_7173898	Scientists who have studied the hydrosphere concluded that about 71% of Earth is covered with water. Which part of the hydrosphere is most often associated with the formation of organic rocks?	lakes	oceans	ponds	rivers	B
1,313	Mercury_7239155	Which property of proteins best allows them to perform an enormously diverse range of functions?	their large, chemical-energy reserve	their large, stored-electric potential	the complexity of their folded structure	the wide variety of elements they include	C
1,314	Mercury_411712	The mathematical model for calculating speed is shown below. Speed = distance/time. An airplane traveled 700 kilometers in two hours during a trip. What was the average speed of the plane during the trip?	5.8 kilometers per hour	350 kilometers per hour	1400 kilometers per hour	84,000 kilometers per hour	B
1,315	ACTAAP_2008_5_2	What is the best way for a marine scientist to determine the eating habits of sharks?	Tag one shark and monitor its eating habits for one day.	Tag one shark and monitor its eating habits for one year.	Tag several sharks and monitor their eating habits for one day.	Tag several sharks and monitor their eating habits for one year.	D
1,316	OHAT_2010_5_33	A student pushes a wooden block across a sheet of sandpaper. Which characteristic of the block increases?	hardness	mass	size	temperature	D
1,317	Mercury_SC_410573	Amanda is learning about different adaptations of animals. Which is an example of a behavioral adaptation?	webbed feet on a duck	migration of songbirds	sharp eyesight of an eagle	camouflaged colors on a frog	B
1,318	MCAS_2003_8_23	Which of the following is the best example of a custom-made product?	graphing calculator	light bulb	needle nose pliers	artificial leg	D
1,319	Mercury_7131705	Michelle is interested in improving the quality of the soil in her yard. She wants more water and air to penetrate the soil. What should she add to the soil to help her achieve this goal?	bacteria	fertilizers	pesticides	earthworms	D
1,320	Mercury_7090808	Which of these could cause water vapor to condense into rain droplets?	sunlight warming the surface of oceans	air rising into colder regions of the atmosphere	lightning heating the air in the atmosphere	winds blowing along the surface of the ground	B
1,321	Mercury_7263130	The human body processes and eliminates food waste using the organs of the excretory system. Which organelle performs a similar function in humans at the cellular level?	mitochondrion	endoplasmic reticulum	lysosome	Golgi complex	C
1,322	Mercury_SC_400237	What causes the most soil and rock erosion?	sun	wind	water	gravity	C
1,323	Mercury_7012635	The theory of continental drift states that the land masses called continents were once closer together and have drifted apart over time. Which circumstance is the strongest evidence in support of this theory?	the migration patterns of birds	the periodic climate changes of Earth	the large variety of animals on each continent	the similarity of fossils on different continents	D
1,324	Mercury_7108115	Rich beds of marine fossils have been found in Florida. By dating these fossils, scientists can best determine	when Florida collided with the North American continent.	the date when organisms moved onto dry land.	the period during which Florida was covered in water.	when the atmosphere of Earth was more humid than it is today.	C
1,325	OHAT_2010_5_34	In the forest, one type of tree produces special seeds. These seeds start to grow only after going through a fire. In the fire, the adult trees are destroyed. Which resources, needed for growth, are now available to the newly growing seeds?	sunlight and wind	sunlight and space	soil and pollen producers	pollen producers and space	B
1,326	NCEOGA_2013_5_53	Which is an example of a decomposer?	a hawk	a mouse	a flower	a mushroom	D
1,327	Mercury_7024920	In the lab, students are working with substances that could cause burns. Which of these safety precautions is most important to follow?	Sinks are empty.	Glassware is clean.	Eye protection is worn.	Electrical equipment is off.	C
1,328	Mercury_7203543	Which process moves an ion across a cell membrane against the concentration gradient?	diffusion	exocytosis	facilitated diffusion	active transport	D
1,329	Mercury_7137060	Which would most likely be the characteristic of an object with a small volume and large mass?	high density	low pressure	low viscosity	high temperature	A
1,330	Mercury_7077543	Which of these describes a small range in the electromagnetic spectrum?	gravity	radiation	electricity	light	D
1,331	Mercury_7064155	An idea that the universe originated with an explosion is supported by repeated observations of light from distant galaxies traveling away from Earth. An idea that has been tested repeatedly and is supported by repeated results is most likely a	hypothesis.	theory.	law.	fact.	B
1,332	Mercury_182420	Natural selection cannot occur without	competition for unlimited resources.	gradual warming of Earth.	genetic variation in species.	asexual reproduction in species.	C
1,333	Mercury_190278	In which of these investigations would pictures from a camera be most useful?	studying bird calls	studying exothermic reactions	studying the growth of plants	studying the diffusion of molecules	C
1,334	Mercury_7032900	Of the examples listed, which event is thought by scientists to have led to the greatest extinction?	a volcano in Hawaii erupting	the construction of the Hoover Dam	whalers of the 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries	the Mississippi River flooding its banks each summer	C
1,335	Mercury_7030643	The human stomach is protected from self-digestion by a layer of	bile.	mucus.	muscle.	white blood cells.	B
1,336	NYSEDREGENTS_2016_4_29	On a field trip, a student holds a frog and reports that it has slippery skin. This is an example of	a measurement	a prediction	an explanation	an observation	D
1,337	Mercury_7008278	What most likely happens to soil when crops are not rotated from year to year?	The soil nutrients are depleted.	The soil fertility increases.	The soil becomes more porous.	The soil erodes less rapidly.	A
1,338	Mercury_192238	Materials must pass through a cell's semi-permeable membrane in order for energy to be utilized. This process is called	diffusion.	oxidation.	respiration.	reproduction.	A
1,339	NYSEDREGENTS_2016_4_8	What is a decomposer?	a living thing that breaks down dead organisms	a living thing that makes its own food	an animal that eats live plants	an animal that hunts other animals	A
1,340	Mercury_7171658	Modern technology has had some positive and negative effects on society. Which would be a negative effect of advances in technology?	human jobs replaced by more efficient machines	decrease in production of solid waste	use of alternate sources of energy	reduction in habitat destruction	A
1,341	Mercury_7240783	Which of the following allows a cell to become specialized?	location of the cell in the body	function of the cell in the body	different patterns of gene expression	different combinations of genes in the nucleus	C
1,342	Mercury_SC_401145	Which tool would be best to use for counting the number of legs on an ant?	ruler	hand lens	calculator	microscope	B
1,343	Mercury_SC_415368	A dragonfly develops through incomplete metamorphosis. Which stages does the dragonfly's life cycle include?	egg and larva	egg and nymph	larva and pupa	larva and nymph	B
1,344	Mercury_7182980	When a cold front moves over a land region that has warm, moist air, a transfer of energy occurs. Cold air sinks and pushes warmer air upward. As energy is removed from the air, which change will most likely take place?	Ozone in the atmosphere will decrease.	Less ultraviolet radiation will reach the land.	More water will be absorbed from the area lakes.	Water in the atmosphere will undergo a phase change.	D
1,345	NYSEDREGENTS_2005_8_29	Which sequence lists the levels of organization in the human body from simplest to most complex?	organ system -> tissue -> cell -> organ	tissue -> cell -> organ -> organ system	organ -> organ system -> tissue -> cell	cell -> tissue -> organ -> organ system	D
1,346	NYSEDREGENTS_2011_8_21	Cancer is best described as	a type of genetic engineering	the merging of sex cells	abnormal cell division	tissue that stops growing	C
1,347	Mercury_7263533	To pump blood through the body, the heart must overcome the force of gravity. Which body position would require the least work from the heart?	sitting	standing	kneeling	lying down	D
1,348	Mercury_7112718	In order to grow two of the exact same plants, a person would reproduce them asexually because the	genetic diversity is greater.	offspring would be genetically identical.	recessive traits would emerge.	negative traits are suppressed.	B
1,349	Mercury_183855	In flowering plants, what structure containing DNA is transported from one plant to another?	nectar	chlorophyll	glucose	pollen	D
1,350	MCAS_2007_8_5181	Several interchangeable parts are used in the manufacture of automobiles. Some examples of these parts are batteries, windshield wiper blades, spark plugs, and tires. Which of the following is an advantage of interchangeable parts over non-interchangeable parts on automobiles?	Interchangeable parts are generally more expensive than custom-made parts for automobiles.	Interchangeable parts break more often now than in years past on most automobiles.	Interchangeable parts are plentiful for custom-made automobiles.	Interchangeable parts can fit many kinds of automobiles.	D
1,351	CSZ_2007_5_CSZ20560	Which of the following represents a chemical reaction?	a sugar cube dissolving in water.	ice cubes forming in a freezer.	ice cream melting in a bowl.	a cake baking in an oven.	D
1,352	Mercury_7017203	When a hammer strikes a nail, the nail	exerts balanced forces that helps it from moving.	exerts a force equal to the weight of the hammer.	exerts an unbalanced force that changes its velocity.	exerts an equal and opposite force back on the hammer.	D
1,353	Mercury_SC_400385	Which of these natural events occurs at time intervals that are the most regular?	drought and flooding	high tides and low tides	clear skies and cloudy skies	hot weather and cool weather	B
1,354	Mercury_SC_407308	A student combined rice cereal with melted marshmallows. Which best describes what the student made?	an atom	a mixture	a molecule	an element	B
1,355	Mercury_7097300	Brittany pedaled her bicycle quickly on a level surface. When she stopped pedaling and coasted, the bicycle slowed and came to a stop. What happened to the energy of the moving bicycle as it coasted to a stop?	It was transferred to heat due to friction.	It was reabsorbed into Brittany's muscles.	It was stored in the bicycle wheels as potential energy.	It was transferred to the air in the form of visible light.	A
1,356	MDSA_2009_5_26	Homes that are built to be environmentally friendly because they use energy more efficiently than other homes are called "green" homes. "Green" homes often have reflective roofs and walls made of recycled materials. The windows in these energy-saving homes are double-paned, meaning each window has two pieces of glass. Double-paned windows have a layer of air between the window panes. This layer is a barrier against extreme temperatures and saves energy. A solar panel on a "green" home uses	chemical energy	mechanical energy	a renewable energy source	a nonrenewable energy source	C
1,357	NYSEDREGENTS_2016_4_16	Which process occurs when rocks and soil slide down a mountain?	erosion	migration	recycling	maintenance	A
1,358	VASoL_2009_3_5	Tony is studying ladybugs in a garden. Which of these would BEST help Tony to count the spots on a ladybug?	Stopwatch	Thermometer	Measuring cup	Magnifying glass	D
1,359	ACTAAP_2009_5_10	Which is a physical property of an apple?	what color it is	how pretty it is	how much it costs	when it was picked	A
1,360	Mercury_7211698	Repeated pesticide use on an insect population can result in some of the insects becoming resistant to that pesticide over time. Which process is responsible for the pesticides no longer being effective on the insects?	divergent evolution	natural selection	bottleneck effect	selective breeding	B
1,361	NYSEDREGENTS_2009_8_10	A boy pulls a sweater off over his head. His hair is attracted to the sweater due to	a magnetic force	a heat transfer	a chemical change	an electrical charge	D
1,362	Mercury_7215635	In some communities, forests are cleared through burning, and the deforested land is used for farming. Which of these is a negative consequence of this practice?	decreased plant and animal diversity	increased availability of soil nutrients	greater access to water for plants and animals	less sunlight reaching the ground	A
1,363	Mercury_7239540	Some plant cells are coated in a waxy layer that prevents water loss. This specialization is found in which plant cells?	internal stem cells	internal root cells	cells on the plant surface	cells in the plant reproductive system	C
1,364	Mercury_7214655	Scientists recorded the hourly temperature at a weather station for the month of July and want to quickly measure a trend over time in temperature changes. Which of these formats would be the most appropriate representation of the temperature data to quickly measure any trend?	bar graph	line graph	pie chart	data table	B
1,365	Mercury_7168840	A factory in Japan had been dumping mercury into Minamata Bay. Certain microorganisms in the water were able to change the mercury into a form that the plankton could use. Which most likely happened next?	The organisms built up a resistance to the mercury.	The mercury passed through the food chain.	The plankton made the mercury safe.	The fish would not eat the plankton.	B
1,366	Mercury_7159548	Students conducted an investigation with green bananas. They hypothesized that an onion placed near a banana could increase the rate at which the banana ripened. They placed one onion and one banana in each of three containers. In a fourth container they placed a banana, but no onion. Which statement best explains why the onion was left out of the fourth container?	The onion would contaminate the fourth trial.	The container without the onion is the control.	Three containers with onions are enough to conduct the test.	The container without the onion is the independent variable.	B
1,367	Mercury_SC_405505	When cold weather freezes water in the cracks of rocks, which would most likely happen?	The rocks would become rounded.	The rocks would be used for shelter.	The rocks would be moved by the wind.	The rocks would break into smaller pieces.	D
1,368	Mercury_7041073	What would best regulate the temperature of an overheated body?	a decrease in sweating	a decrease in the breathing rate	a dilation of blood vessels in the skin	an increase in heart rate	C
1,369	MDSA_2009_8_33	The surface of Earth is constantly changing. Which of these findings provides the best evidence that the crustal surface of Earth has changed over time?	Some rock layers are very thick.	Some species have become extinct.	Marine fossils are found in mountain areas.	Igneous rock is found on all tectonic plates.	C
1,370	MEA_2016_8_6	Solar radiation is a combination of light with different wavelengths. Which type of ray can harm human skin the most?	infrared	microwave	ultraviolet	visible	C
1,371	Mercury_SC_405529	Water is often put through a treatment system before it is used in homes as drinking water. Which is the most likely reason water is treated before people drink it?	to remove harmful substances	to add color	to increase its supply	to decrease its temperature	A
1,372	Mercury_SC_407290	How can plants most likely improve air quality?	by absorbing nutrients	by producing oxygen	by producing sugar	by absorbing water	B
1,373	Mercury_7138268	A condition in bees called "colony collapse disorder" occurs when worker bees leave the hive to collect nectar and never return. How would a decline in the bee population most likely affect a farm ecosystem?	There would be a decrease in soil thickness.	There would be a decline in fruit production.	There would be an increase in plant diseases.	There would be an increase in insect pest populations.	B
1,374	Mercury_7058083	How are animals that prey on other animals classified?	herbivores	carnivores	autotrophs	decomposers	B
1,375	TAKS_2009_5_9	Which process will separate the sugar from a mixture of sugar and water?	Stirring the mixture	Evaporating the water	Adding more water	Adding more sugar	B
1,376	Mercury_7235830	Which movement of carbon between reservoirs takes the longest to achieve?	from burning coal to the atmosphere	from plant tissues to coal in the crust	from the atmosphere to the sugars in plants	from the respiration of fish to the ocean waters	B
1,377	ACTAAP_2011_5_17	Which types of objects are most easily seen by the human eye?	objects that reflect most of the light that strikes them	objects that refract most of the light that strikes them	objects that diffract most of the light that strikes them	objects that absorb most of the light that strikes them	A
1,378	Mercury_7001645	Planting legumes in order to add nitrogen to soil most likely causes	a decrease in the amount of acid rain.	an enrichment in the fertility of the soil.	an increase in the ratio of nitrogen to oxygen in the system.	a reduction in the soil's ability to manufacture its own nitrogen.	B
1,379	Mercury_410595	Earth is about 81 times more massive than the Moon. How will the mass and weight of a rocket on the Moon compare to its mass and weight on Earth?	The mass and weight will be less on the Moon.	The mass and weight will be greater on the Moon.	The mass will be the same, but its weight will be less on the Moon.	The mass will be the same, but its weight will be greater on the Moon.	C
1,380	Mercury_186393	Louis Pasteur discovered a process that allows milk to be stored in sealed containers for long periods of time without spoiling. The process, called pasteurization, involves heating the milk before placing it in the sealed containers.Which is the best explanation of how pasteurization works?	Heat strengthens molecules that prevent spoiling.	The chemical structure of the food changes with the heat.	Heat killed microorganisms that could cause spoiling.	The food particles are better mixed after heating.	C

1,281

Mercury_7084613

When the lighted half of the Moon faces the Sun and the dark half faces Earth, the phase of the Moon viewed from Earth is called the

full moon.

new moon.

waxing moon.

waning moon.

B

1,282

Mercury_7100503

The flower petals of a hydrangea plant change color as the acidity of the soil changes. The color changes are directly related to which factor?

gravitropism

photosynthesis

geographic location

environmental conditions

D

1,283

Mercury_7267750

What is significant about the discovery of water on Mars?

It proves there is life on Mars.

It provides evidence there may be life on Mars.

It proves there was an advanced civilization on Mars.

It provides evidence of an advanced civilization on Mars.

B

1,284

AKDE&ED_2008_4_43

A teacher places an item in a box. The item takes the shape of the entire container. This item is most likely

air.

milk.

water.

paint.

A

1,285

NYSEDREGENTS_2006_4_28

In New York State, the shortest period of daylight occurs during which month?

December

June

March

September

A

1,286

MCAS_2003_5_24

During which of the processes below does water vapor change to liquid water?

melting

freezing

evaporation

condensation

D

1,287

MCAS_1999_8_2

Which technological advancement has done the most to improve the accuracy of weather predictions?

barometer

weather balloons

anemometer

satellites

D

1,288

Mercury_7064715

An important rule for students to know when heating a test tube is to

place a cork in the mouth of the test tube.

point the mouth of the test tube away from others.

hold the test tube loosely with the fingertips.

shake the test tube forcefully to keep contents mixed.

B

1,289

Mercury_7099208

How would a drought most likely affect the plants of a grassy plain?

There would be shorter plants.

They would have thicker stems.

There would be a greater variety.

They would have brighter flowers.

A

1,290

Mercury_7021210

The brain and spinal cord are parts of which body system?

nervous

excretory

endocrine

respiratory

A

1,291

Mercury_7057750

Chromosome mutations involve the deletion or duplication of many genes. The effects of chromosome mutations are often much greater than mutations within a single gene, because chromosome mutations

can only occur at the time of fertilization.

can cause abnormal development of the offspring.

are always beneficial to the organism.

are rarely passed on to the next generation.

B

1,292

NCEOGA_2013_5_50

What will most likely result when the jet stream moves south of North Carolina?

North Carolina will experience tropical weather conditions.

North Carolina will experience hot, dry weather.

North Carolina will experience mild weather.

North Carolina will experience cold weather.

D

1,293

Mercury_7185308

Estuaries in Florida often have mangrove trees growing in them. The roots of the mangrove trees slow the flow of the water, which allows soil particles to settle. If people were allowed to remove the mangrove trees, how would the estuary environment most likely be affected?

The amounts of nutrients in the water would decrease.

More habitats for fish would be established.

Populations of grasses would increase.

The risk of erosion would be reduced.

A

1,294

NYSEDREGENTS_2009_4_2

Which sense can be used to determine an object's ability to reflect light?

sight

hearing

smell

taste

A

1,295

Mercury_7172463

The North America Nebula is named for its similarity in shape to the North American continent. It was discovered within the Milky Way by astronomer William Herschel in 1790. What was Mr. Herschel most likely observing?

the explosion following the collapse of a star

a dense cluster of stars of varying magnitudes

meteorites as Earth passed through the tail of a comet

a cloud of hydrogen gas and dust where stars are born

D

1,296

CSZ10356

Which animals are most likely to carry the seeds found in berries from the parent plant to another area?

bees

birds

flies

caterpillars

B

1,297

NYSEDREGENTS_2007_8_22

All rocks are composed of

fossils

cells

metals

minerals

D

1,298

Mercury_7018358

In some dry areas, large amounts of water have been pumped from underground sources where water has been naturally stored for thousands of years. If the water is not replaced, what type of land feature is most likely to result?

delta

lake

desert

mountains

C

1,299

Mercury_7032375

Which scientist studied biology by traveling by ship to different islands observing animal life, and developed a hypothesis about how species change?

Galileo Galilei

Albert Einstein

Charles Darwin

Sir Isaac Newton

C

1,300

Mercury_7030100

How does a student best avoid becoming dehydrated during a field investigation on a hot day?

drink water from a bottle

wear a wide-brimmed hat

drink a lot before leaving school

drink from a clear running stream

A

1,301

Mercury_7072328

The primary function of a doorbell circuit is to convert electrical energy into

sound.

motion.

radiant energy.

chemical energy.

A

1,302

Mercury_7057400

A lunar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes through Earth's shadow. A lunar eclipse can only occur during a

full moon.

new moon.

first quarter moon.

last quarter moon.

A

1,303

TAKS_2009_8_18

A recent study concluded that about 90% of all large predatory fish such as tuna have disappeared from the world's oceans in the past 50 years. Which of these is most likely the direct cause of this loss?

Urban development near the coast

Commercial harvesting from the ocean

Climate change on Earth

Acid precipitation over the oceans

B

1,304

NYSEDREGENTS_2009_4_4

When an ice cube melts, its state of matter changes from a

gas to a liquid

solid to a liquid

liquid to a solid

solid to a gas

B

1,305

NCEOGA_2013_5_4

In which way are evaporation and condensation similar?

Both cause decreases in air temperature.

Both cause increases in air temperature.

Both are caused by the warming of the atmosphere.

Both are caused by changes in heat energy.

D

1,306

MCAS_2008_8_5714

The surface of a heated metal object measures 120°C. It is dropped into a bucket filled with water measuring 10°C. Which of the following is most likely to occur?

Both the water and metal will adjust to the same temperature below 10°C.

The water and metal will adjust to different temperatures above 120°C.

The water will remain the same temperature, but the metal will cool to 10°C.

The water and metal will adjust to the same temperature between 10°C and 120°C.

D

1,307

Mercury_402493

In order to record the passing of a distant comet, which instruments would be the most useful?

camera, tripod, and telescope

telescope, binoculars, and camera

camera with flash attachment, and tripod

telescope with camera attachment and camera

D

1,308

Mercury_176593

Temperature is the measurement of which type of energy?

chemical

mechanical

potential

kinetic

D

1,309

Mercury_SC_408047

Scientists are discovering ways to make some crops use less water. A person working in which job would most benefit from this research?

a farmer

a doctor

a waiter

a cook

A

1,310

Mercury_7270375

Stem cells are cells that can differentiate into many different kinds of cells. Scientists have discovered that the environment supporting the cells influences stem-cell differentiation. For example, stem cells grown on strong, flexible surfaces became muscle cells. What most likely happened to stem cells grown on a hard, rigid surface?

They became nerve cells.

They became red blood cells.

They became bone cells.

They became skin cells.

C

1,311

MCAS_2009_8_2

Sherry is going to use her computer to draw a three-dimensional box. She wants to be able to specify the exact dimensions and angles and to rotate the box as needed on the screen. Which of the following types of programs would Sherry most likely use for this purpose?

word processing software

math spreadsheet program

Internet-based search engine

computer-aided design program

D

1,312

Mercury_7173898

Scientists who have studied the hydrosphere concluded that about 71% of Earth is covered with water. Which part of the hydrosphere is most often associated with the formation of organic rocks?

lakes

oceans

ponds

rivers

B

1,313

Mercury_7239155

Which property of proteins best allows them to perform an enormously diverse range of functions?

their large, chemical-energy reserve

their large, stored-electric potential

the complexity of their folded structure

the wide variety of elements they include

C

1,314

Mercury_411712

The mathematical model for calculating speed is shown below. Speed = distance/time. An airplane traveled 700 kilometers in two hours during a trip. What was the average speed of the plane during the trip?

5.8 kilometers per hour

350 kilometers per hour

1400 kilometers per hour

84,000 kilometers per hour

B

1,315

ACTAAP_2008_5_2

What is the best way for a marine scientist to determine the eating habits of sharks?

Tag one shark and monitor its eating habits for one day.

Tag one shark and monitor its eating habits for one year.

Tag several sharks and monitor their eating habits for one day.

Tag several sharks and monitor their eating habits for one year.

D

1,316

OHAT_2010_5_33

A student pushes a wooden block across a sheet of sandpaper. Which characteristic of the block increases?

hardness

mass

size

temperature

D

1,317

Mercury_SC_410573

Amanda is learning about different adaptations of animals. Which is an example of a behavioral adaptation?

webbed feet on a duck

migration of songbirds

sharp eyesight of an eagle

camouflaged colors on a frog

B

1,318

MCAS_2003_8_23

Which of the following is the best example of a custom-made product?

graphing calculator

light bulb

needle nose pliers

artificial leg

D

1,319

Mercury_7131705

Michelle is interested in improving the quality of the soil in her yard. She wants more water and air to penetrate the soil. What should she add to the soil to help her achieve this goal?

bacteria

fertilizers

pesticides

earthworms

D

1,320

Mercury_7090808

Which of these could cause water vapor to condense into rain droplets?

sunlight warming the surface of oceans

air rising into colder regions of the atmosphere

lightning heating the air in the atmosphere

winds blowing along the surface of the ground

B

1,321

Mercury_7263130

The human body processes and eliminates food waste using the organs of the excretory system. Which organelle performs a similar function in humans at the cellular level?

mitochondrion

endoplasmic reticulum

lysosome

Golgi complex

C

1,322

Mercury_SC_400237

What causes the most soil and rock erosion?

sun

wind

water

gravity

C

1,323

Mercury_7012635

The theory of continental drift states that the land masses called continents were once closer together and have drifted apart over time. Which circumstance is the strongest evidence in support of this theory?

the migration patterns of birds

the periodic climate changes of Earth

the large variety of animals on each continent

the similarity of fossils on different continents

D

1,324

Mercury_7108115

Rich beds of marine fossils have been found in Florida. By dating these fossils, scientists can best determine

when Florida collided with the North American continent.

the date when organisms moved onto dry land.

the period during which Florida was covered in water.

when the atmosphere of Earth was more humid than it is today.

C

1,325

OHAT_2010_5_34

In the forest, one type of tree produces special seeds. These seeds start to grow only after going through a fire. In the fire, the adult trees are destroyed. Which resources, needed for growth, are now available to the newly growing seeds?

sunlight and wind

sunlight and space

soil and pollen producers

pollen producers and space

B

1,326

NCEOGA_2013_5_53

Which is an example of a decomposer?

a hawk

a mouse

a flower

a mushroom

D

1,327

Mercury_7024920

In the lab, students are working with substances that could cause burns. Which of these safety precautions is most important to follow?

Sinks are empty.

Glassware is clean.

Eye protection is worn.

Electrical equipment is off.

C

1,328

Mercury_7203543

Which process moves an ion across a cell membrane against the concentration gradient?

diffusion

exocytosis

facilitated diffusion

active transport

D

1,329

Mercury_7137060

Which would most likely be the characteristic of an object with a small volume and large mass?

high density

low pressure

low viscosity

high temperature

A

1,330

Mercury_7077543

Which of these describes a small range in the electromagnetic spectrum?

gravity

radiation

electricity

light

D

1,331

Mercury_7064155

An idea that the universe originated with an explosion is supported by repeated observations of light from distant galaxies traveling away from Earth. An idea that has been tested repeatedly and is supported by repeated results is most likely a

hypothesis.

theory.

law.

fact.

B

1,332

Mercury_182420

Natural selection cannot occur without

competition for unlimited resources.

gradual warming of Earth.

genetic variation in species.

asexual reproduction in species.

C

1,333

Mercury_190278

In which of these investigations would pictures from a camera be most useful?

studying bird calls

studying exothermic reactions

studying the growth of plants

studying the diffusion of molecules

C

1,334

Mercury_7032900

Of the examples listed, which event is thought by scientists to have led to the greatest extinction?

a volcano in Hawaii erupting

the construction of the Hoover Dam

whalers of the 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries

the Mississippi River flooding its banks each summer

C

1,335

Mercury_7030643

The human stomach is protected from self-digestion by a layer of

bile.

mucus.

muscle.

white blood cells.

B

1,336

NYSEDREGENTS_2016_4_29

On a field trip, a student holds a frog and reports that it has slippery skin. This is an example of

a measurement

a prediction

an explanation

an observation

D

1,337

Mercury_7008278

What most likely happens to soil when crops are not rotated from year to year?

The soil nutrients are depleted.

The soil fertility increases.

The soil becomes more porous.

The soil erodes less rapidly.

A

1,338

Mercury_192238

Materials must pass through a cell's semi-permeable membrane in order for energy to be utilized. This process is called

diffusion.

oxidation.

respiration.

reproduction.

A

1,339

NYSEDREGENTS_2016_4_8

What is a decomposer?

a living thing that breaks down dead organisms

a living thing that makes its own food

an animal that eats live plants

an animal that hunts other animals

A

1,340

Mercury_7171658

Modern technology has had some positive and negative effects on society. Which would be a negative effect of advances in technology?

human jobs replaced by more efficient machines

decrease in production of solid waste

use of alternate sources of energy

reduction in habitat destruction

A

1,341

Mercury_7240783

Which of the following allows a cell to become specialized?

location of the cell in the body

function of the cell in the body

different patterns of gene expression

different combinations of genes in the nucleus

C

1,342

Mercury_SC_401145

Which tool would be best to use for counting the number of legs on an ant?

ruler

hand lens

calculator

microscope

B

1,343

Mercury_SC_415368

A dragonfly develops through incomplete metamorphosis. Which stages does the dragonfly's life cycle include?

egg and larva

egg and nymph

larva and pupa

larva and nymph

B

1,344

Mercury_7182980

When a cold front moves over a land region that has warm, moist air, a transfer of energy occurs. Cold air sinks and pushes warmer air upward. As energy is removed from the air, which change will most likely take place?

Ozone in the atmosphere will decrease.

Less ultraviolet radiation will reach the land.

More water will be absorbed from the area lakes.

Water in the atmosphere will undergo a phase change.

D

1,345

NYSEDREGENTS_2005_8_29

Which sequence lists the levels of organization in the human body from simplest to most complex?

organ system -> tissue -> cell -> organ

tissue -> cell -> organ -> organ system

organ -> organ system -> tissue -> cell

cell -> tissue -> organ -> organ system

D

1,346

NYSEDREGENTS_2011_8_21

Cancer is best described as

a type of genetic engineering

the merging of sex cells

abnormal cell division

tissue that stops growing

C

1,347

Mercury_7263533

To pump blood through the body, the heart must overcome the force of gravity. Which body position would require the least work from the heart?

sitting

standing

kneeling

lying down

D

1,348

Mercury_7112718

In order to grow two of the exact same plants, a person would reproduce them asexually because the

genetic diversity is greater.

offspring would be genetically identical.

recessive traits would emerge.

negative traits are suppressed.

B

1,349

Mercury_183855

In flowering plants, what structure containing DNA is transported from one plant to another?

nectar

chlorophyll

glucose

pollen

D

1,350

MCAS_2007_8_5181

Several interchangeable parts are used in the manufacture of automobiles. Some examples of these parts are batteries, windshield wiper blades, spark plugs, and tires. Which of the following is an advantage of interchangeable parts over non-interchangeable parts on automobiles?

Interchangeable parts are generally more expensive than custom-made parts for automobiles.

Interchangeable parts break more often now than in years past on most automobiles.

Interchangeable parts are plentiful for custom-made automobiles.

Interchangeable parts can fit many kinds of automobiles.

D

1,351

CSZ_2007_5_CSZ20560

Which of the following represents a chemical reaction?

a sugar cube dissolving in water.

ice cubes forming in a freezer.

ice cream melting in a bowl.

a cake baking in an oven.

D

1,352

Mercury_7017203

When a hammer strikes a nail, the nail

exerts balanced forces that helps it from moving.

exerts a force equal to the weight of the hammer.

exerts an unbalanced force that changes its velocity.

exerts an equal and opposite force back on the hammer.

D

1,353

Mercury_SC_400385

Which of these natural events occurs at time intervals that are the most regular?

drought and flooding

high tides and low tides

clear skies and cloudy skies

hot weather and cool weather

B

1,354

Mercury_SC_407308

A student combined rice cereal with melted marshmallows. Which best describes what the student made?

an atom

a mixture

a molecule

an element

B

1,355

Mercury_7097300

Brittany pedaled her bicycle quickly on a level surface. When she stopped pedaling and coasted, the bicycle slowed and came to a stop. What happened to the energy of the moving bicycle as it coasted to a stop?

It was transferred to heat due to friction.

It was reabsorbed into Brittany's muscles.

It was stored in the bicycle wheels as potential energy.

It was transferred to the air in the form of visible light.

A

1,356

MDSA_2009_5_26

Homes that are built to be environmentally friendly because they use energy more efficiently than other homes are called "green" homes. "Green" homes often have reflective roofs and walls made of recycled materials. The windows in these energy-saving homes are double-paned, meaning each window has two pieces of glass. Double-paned windows have a layer of air between the window panes. This layer is a barrier against extreme temperatures and saves energy. A solar panel on a "green" home uses

chemical energy

mechanical energy

a renewable energy source

a nonrenewable energy source

C

1,357

NYSEDREGENTS_2016_4_16

Which process occurs when rocks and soil slide down a mountain?

erosion

migration

recycling

maintenance

A

1,358

VASoL_2009_3_5

Tony is studying ladybugs in a garden. Which of these would BEST help Tony to count the spots on a ladybug?

Stopwatch

Thermometer

Measuring cup

Magnifying glass

D

1,359

ACTAAP_2009_5_10

Which is a physical property of an apple?

what color it is

how pretty it is

how much it costs

when it was picked

A

1,360

Mercury_7211698

Repeated pesticide use on an insect population can result in some of the insects becoming resistant to that pesticide over time. Which process is responsible for the pesticides no longer being effective on the insects?

divergent evolution

natural selection

bottleneck effect

selective breeding

B

1,361

NYSEDREGENTS_2009_8_10

A boy pulls a sweater off over his head. His hair is attracted to the sweater due to

a magnetic force

a heat transfer

a chemical change

an electrical charge

D

1,362

Mercury_7215635

In some communities, forests are cleared through burning, and the deforested land is used for farming. Which of these is a negative consequence of this practice?

decreased plant and animal diversity

increased availability of soil nutrients

greater access to water for plants and animals

less sunlight reaching the ground

A

1,363

Mercury_7239540

Some plant cells are coated in a waxy layer that prevents water loss. This specialization is found in which plant cells?

internal stem cells

internal root cells

cells on the plant surface

cells in the plant reproductive system

C

1,364

Mercury_7214655

Scientists recorded the hourly temperature at a weather station for the month of July and want to quickly measure a trend over time in temperature changes. Which of these formats would be the most appropriate representation of the temperature data to quickly measure any trend?

bar graph

line graph

pie chart

data table

B

1,365

Mercury_7168840

A factory in Japan had been dumping mercury into Minamata Bay. Certain microorganisms in the water were able to change the mercury into a form that the plankton could use. Which most likely happened next?

The organisms built up a resistance to the mercury.

The mercury passed through the food chain.

The plankton made the mercury safe.

The fish would not eat the plankton.

B

1,366

Mercury_7159548

Students conducted an investigation with green bananas. They hypothesized that an onion placed near a banana could increase the rate at which the banana ripened. They placed one onion and one banana in each of three containers. In a fourth container they placed a banana, but no onion. Which statement best explains why the onion was left out of the fourth container?

The onion would contaminate the fourth trial.

The container without the onion is the control.

Three containers with onions are enough to conduct the test.

The container without the onion is the independent variable.

B

1,367

Mercury_SC_405505

When cold weather freezes water in the cracks of rocks, which would most likely happen?

The rocks would become rounded.

The rocks would be used for shelter.

The rocks would be moved by the wind.

The rocks would break into smaller pieces.

D

1,368

Mercury_7041073

What would best regulate the temperature of an overheated body?

a decrease in sweating

a decrease in the breathing rate

a dilation of blood vessels in the skin

an increase in heart rate

C

1,369

MDSA_2009_8_33

The surface of Earth is constantly changing. Which of these findings provides the best evidence that the crustal surface of Earth has changed over time?

Some rock layers are very thick.

Some species have become extinct.

Marine fossils are found in mountain areas.

Igneous rock is found on all tectonic plates.

C

1,370

MEA_2016_8_6

Solar radiation is a combination of light with different wavelengths. Which type of ray can harm human skin the most?

infrared

microwave

ultraviolet

visible

C

1,371

Mercury_SC_405529

Water is often put through a treatment system before it is used in homes as drinking water. Which is the most likely reason water is treated before people drink it?

to remove harmful substances

to add color

to increase its supply

to decrease its temperature

A

1,372

Mercury_SC_407290

How can plants most likely improve air quality?

by absorbing nutrients

by producing oxygen

by producing sugar

by absorbing water

B

1,373

Mercury_7138268

A condition in bees called "colony collapse disorder" occurs when worker bees leave the hive to collect nectar and never return. How would a decline in the bee population most likely affect a farm ecosystem?

There would be a decrease in soil thickness.

There would be a decline in fruit production.

There would be an increase in plant diseases.

There would be an increase in insect pest populations.

B

1,374

Mercury_7058083

How are animals that prey on other animals classified?

herbivores

carnivores

autotrophs

decomposers

B

1,375

TAKS_2009_5_9

Which process will separate the sugar from a mixture of sugar and water?

Stirring the mixture

Evaporating the water

Adding more water

Adding more sugar

B

1,376

Mercury_7235830

Which movement of carbon between reservoirs takes the longest to achieve?

from burning coal to the atmosphere

from plant tissues to coal in the crust

from the atmosphere to the sugars in plants

from the respiration of fish to the ocean waters

B

1,377

ACTAAP_2011_5_17

Which types of objects are most easily seen by the human eye?

objects that reflect most of the light that strikes them

objects that refract most of the light that strikes them

objects that diffract most of the light that strikes them

objects that absorb most of the light that strikes them

A

1,378

Mercury_7001645

Planting legumes in order to add nitrogen to soil most likely causes

a decrease in the amount of acid rain.

an enrichment in the fertility of the soil.

an increase in the ratio of nitrogen to oxygen in the system.

a reduction in the soil's ability to manufacture its own nitrogen.

B

1,379

Mercury_410595

Earth is about 81 times more massive than the Moon. How will the mass and weight of a rocket on the Moon compare to its mass and weight on Earth?

The mass and weight will be less on the Moon.

The mass and weight will be greater on the Moon.

The mass will be the same, but its weight will be less on the Moon.

The mass will be the same, but its weight will be greater on the Moon.

C

1,380

Mercury_186393

Louis Pasteur discovered a process that allows milk to be stored in sealed containers for long periods of time without spoiling. The process, called pasteurization, involves heating the milk before placing it in the sealed containers.Which is the best explanation of how pasteurization works?

Heat strengthens molecules that prevent spoiling.

The chemical structure of the food changes with the heat.

Heat killed microorganisms that could cause spoiling.

The food particles are better mixed after heating.

C