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in this paper we unify the perspectives of stochastic processes and | reinforcement | reinforcement learning | in this paper we unify the perspectives of stochastic processes and reinforcement learning through action-driven processes and illustrate their application to spiking neural networks |
quantifying the uncertainty in the output of a neural network is essential for deployment in scientific or engineering applications where | decisions | uncertainty quantification | quantifying the uncertainty in the output of a neural network is essential for deployment in scientific or engineering applications where decisions must be made under limited or noisy data |
furthermore using a synthetic preference dataset that enables controlled manipulation of values we find that different preference optimization algorithms lead to different value alignment outcomes even when | preference | preference data | furthermore using a synthetic preference dataset that enables controlled manipulation of values we find that different preference optimization algorithms lead to different value alignment outcomes even when preference data is held constant |
these results have implications for amplified oversight -- the challenge of combining humans and ai to supervise ai | systems | trustworthy ai | these results have implications for amplified oversight -- the challenge of combining humans and ai to supervise ai systems even as they surpass human expert performance |
extensions to longitudinal data dynamic treatment regimes and multiplicative | instrumental | average treatment effect | extensions to longitudinal data dynamic treatment regimes and multiplicative instrumental variables are further developed |
while the parallel trends assumption is counterfactual and cannot be tested directly researchers often examine pre-treatment periods to check whether the time trends are | parallel | parallel trends | while the parallel trends assumption is counterfactual and cannot be tested directly researchers often examine pre-treatment periods to check whether the time trends are parallel before treatment is administered |
for this problem we develop a direct debiased machine learning framework with an | end-to-end | debiased machine | for this problem we develop a direct debiased machine learning framework with an end-to-end algorithm |
there are k sources broadcasting each to a subset of nodes in a | graph | bipartite graphs | there are k sources broadcasting each to a subset of nodes in a graph of size n |
cooperation is fundamental to the functioning of biological and | social | social interactions | cooperation is fundamental to the functioning of biological and social systems in both human and animal populations with the structure of interactions playing a crucial role |
in this paper we show new strongly polynomial work-depth tradeoffs for computing single-source shortest paths | sssp | strongly polynomial | in this paper we show new strongly polynomial work-depth tradeoffs for computing single-source shortest paths sssp in non-negatively weighted directed graphs in parallel |
energy approach from varepsilon -graph to continuum | diffusion | langevin dynamics | energy approach from varepsilon -graph to continuum diffusion model with connectivity functional |
evolutionary systems must learn to generalize often extrapolating from a limited set of selective conditions to anticipate future | environmental | evolutionary dynamics | evolutionary systems must learn to generalize often extrapolating from a limited set of selective conditions to anticipate future environmental changes |
during training text tokens in each image-caption pair are masked at a randomly chosen ratio and a decoder conditioned on | visual | vision-language models | during training text tokens in each image-caption pair are masked at a randomly chosen ratio and a decoder conditioned on visual features is trained to reconstruct the original text |
qualitative quantitative and subjective evaluations collectively show that our model substantially surpasses previous ones in both | estimation | pose estimation | qualitative quantitative and subjective evaluations collectively show that our model substantially surpasses previous ones in both estimation accuracy and speed for sketch-to-pose tasks |
we present a novel technique to decompose line-of-sight los stellar polarization as a | function | dwarf galaxies | we present a novel technique to decompose line-of-sight los stellar polarization as a function of distance aimed at reconstructing three dimensional 3d plane-of-sky pos magnetic structures in the interstellar medium ism |
the geometry of dialogue graphing language models to reveal | synergistic | language models | the geometry of dialogue graphing language models to reveal synergistic teams for multi-agent collaboration |
this article studies people interactions with | groups | collective action | this article studies people interactions with groups and the emergence of group proxemics |
in this work we present a clear and robust morphological analysis of a sample of 190 galaxies at z 6 demonstrating that distinct | bulge | bulge stars | in this work we present a clear and robust morphological analysis of a sample of 190 galaxies at z 6 demonstrating that distinct bulge and disk components were already beginning to emerge during this early epoch |
direct bias-correction term estimation for | propensity | bias-correction term | direct bias-correction term estimation for propensity scores and average treatment effect estimation |
anomaly detection in time-series data is a critical challenge with significant | implications | anomaly detection | anomaly detection in time-series data is a critical challenge with significant implications for network security |
we reveal that in environments with higher external density enhanced mass inflow from the envelope leads to bondi-like accretion as the | protostellar | interstellar medium | we reveal that in environments with higher external density enhanced mass inflow from the envelope leads to bondi-like accretion as the protostellar mass increases |
deep neural networks dnns have been used to model complex optimization problems in many applications yet have difficulty guaranteeing solution optimality and feasibility despite | training | neural network | deep neural networks dnns have been used to model complex optimization problems in many applications yet have difficulty guaranteeing solution optimality and feasibility despite training on large datasets |
the local feature extraction capability of cnn and the global | feature | feature extraction | the local feature extraction capability of cnn and the global feature capturing ability of vit |
harnessing topological effects offers a promising route to protect quantum states of light from imperfections potentially enabling more robust platforms for | quantum | quantum dot | harnessing topological effects offers a promising route to protect quantum states of light from imperfections potentially enabling more robust platforms for quantum information processing |
unfortunately classical high-resolution techniques require multi-element arrays and | extensive | real-world datasets | unfortunately classical high-resolution techniques require multi-element arrays and extensive snapshot collection while generic machine learning ml approaches often yield black-box models that lack physical interpretability |
this effect exhibits a lower junction capacitance as compared to its injection counterparts leading to a higher electro-optic bandwidth although the effective | refractive | refractive index | this effect exhibits a lower junction capacitance as compared to its injection counterparts leading to a higher electro-optic bandwidth although the effective refractive index change is low |
controllers designed using an accurate model is | robust | predictive control | controllers designed using an accurate model is robust against disturbance and small mismatch between the physical setup and the mathematical model derived from first principles while a poor model results in a controller that performs well in simulation but fails in physical experiments |
experimental results indicate improved performance compared to | baseline | extensive experiments | experimental results indicate improved performance compared to baseline methods particularly for large environments |
self-localization on a 3d map by fusing global and local features from a | monocular | autonomous driving | self-localization on a 3d map by fusing global and local features from a monocular camera |
our results establish spatially engineered atomic ensembles as a pathway to selective photon transfer between | modes | photonic crystal | our results establish spatially engineered atomic ensembles as a pathway to selective photon transfer between modes and precise control of many-body complexity |
yet the question of its point convergence had | remained | point convergence | yet the question of its point convergence had remained open |
the appearance of a virtual avatar significantly influences its perceived appropriateness and the user s | experience | physical virtual | the appearance of a virtual avatar significantly influences its perceived appropriateness and the user s experience particularly in healthcare applications |
identification in these models is based on the conditional parallel trends assumption in the absence of treatment the average outcome of the treated and untreated group are assumed to evolve in | parallel | parallel trends | identification in these models is based on the conditional parallel trends assumption in the absence of treatment the average outcome of the treated and untreated group are assumed to evolve in parallel over time conditional on pre-treatment covariates |
twin-field quantum key distribution protocols security and | open | quantum channels | twin-field quantum key distribution protocols security and open problems |
in a recently developed visual rivalry paradigm - tracking continuous flash suppression tcfs - it was shown that the transition between awareness and suppression is hysteretic with a higher contrast threshold required for a stimulus to breakthrough | suppression | visual stimuli | in a recently developed visual rivalry paradigm - tracking continuous flash suppression tcfs - it was shown that the transition between awareness and suppression is hysteretic with a higher contrast threshold required for a stimulus to breakthrough suppression into awareness than to be suppressed from awareness |
comparison with exact quantum-mechanical results in one- and two-dimensional | models | quantum networks | comparison with exact quantum-mechanical results in one- and two-dimensional models demonstrates that it has a reasonably high accuracy similar to that reported for instanton theory in the symmetric case |
we derive the physical properties by conducting | spectral | spectral energy | we derive the physical properties by conducting spectral energy distribution sed fitting revealing that our target is a young age sim2 myr starburst galaxy with intense radiation field |
we focus on multi-agent misalignment building on recent evidence that interacting llms playing a simple coordination game can generate | collective | emergent behaviors | we focus on multi-agent misalignment building on recent evidence that interacting llms playing a simple coordination game can generate collective biases absent in individual models |
we demonstrate this method in simulation and discuss how textit a priori understandings of obstacle risk can be directly incorporated into the | safety | safety filter | we demonstrate this method in simulation and discuss how textit a priori understandings of obstacle risk can be directly incorporated into the safety filter to generate safe behaviors that are risk-aware |
furthermore ablation studies further validate the effectiveness of the proposed modules in improving | segmentation | multi-organ segmentation | furthermore ablation studies further validate the effectiveness of the proposed modules in improving segmentation accuracy |
then it generates detailed parts each within its own | fixed | layout generation | then it generates detailed parts each within its own fixed full-resolution voxel grid |
we explore whether a calibrated predictor of object | recall | object recall | we explore whether a calibrated predictor of object recall can help shield against such cognitive attacks |
we construct a non-parametric framework by | generating | galaxy cgm | we construct a non-parametric framework by generating large ensembles of randomized sfhs for each galaxy in the sample |
images are high-dimensional and lossy or entangled latents make dynamics | learning | representation learning | images are high-dimensional and lossy or entangled latents make dynamics learning unnecessarily hard |
a two-step approach originally introduced for network reconstruction in which one first randomizes the structure then the weights with a suitable distribution restores scale invariance and allows us to conduct unbiased assessments of | significance | correlation network | a two-step approach originally introduced for network reconstruction in which one first randomizes the structure then the weights with a suitable distribution restores scale invariance and allows us to conduct unbiased assessments of significance on weighted networks |
these results demonstrate that flexible data-driven | spatial | dynamic spatial | these results demonstrate that flexible data-driven spatial methods substantially outperform restrictive parametric assumptions in environmental policy applications |
weighted food webs make computing phylogenetic | diversity | phylogenetic tree | weighted food webs make computing phylogenetic diversity so much harder |
however these methods assume that only one object is provided and that it is possible with the correct grasp to perform the task they are not capable of identifying grasping and using the best object for a | task | obstacle avoidance | however these methods assume that only one object is provided and that it is possible with the correct grasp to perform the task they are not capable of identifying grasping and using the best object for a task when many are available especially when the optimal tool is absent |
the difference-in-differences did research design is a key identification strategy which allows researchers to estimate causal effects under the | parallel | parallel trends | the difference-in-differences did research design is a key identification strategy which allows researchers to estimate causal effects under the parallel trends assumption |
our results suggest that mossnet is a compelling new direction for | efficient | models llms | our results suggest that mossnet is a compelling new direction for efficient high-performing recurrent llm architectures |
kernel logistic regression klr is a powerful | classification | image classification | kernel logistic regression klr is a powerful classification method widely applied across diverse domains |
our approach jointly addresses seven astrophysical domains - including | dark | dark matter | our approach jointly addresses seven astrophysical domains - including dark matter gas neutral hydrogen stellar mass temperature and magnetic field strength - while introducing physics-aware evaluation metrics that quantify structural realism beyond standard computer vision measures |
reconstructing images seen by people from their | fmri | visual stimuli | reconstructing images seen by people from their fmri brain recordings provides a non-invasive window into the human brain |
our witnesses can detect paradigmatic gme states like the dicke and multipartite n00n states which include the w | states | multipartite entanglement | our witnesses can detect paradigmatic gme states like the dicke and multipartite n00n states which include the w states as a special case and ghz-type entangled cat states |
the learned representations can be effectively transferred to downstream robotic | manipulation | imitation learning | the learned representations can be effectively transferred to downstream robotic manipulation tasks via action value map prediction |
test-time alignment of large language models llms attracts attention because fine-tuning | llms | test-time alignment | test-time alignment of large language models llms attracts attention because fine-tuning llms requires high computational costs |
we believe that this work outlines a significant route for next-generation programmable photonics delivering subwavelength confinement energy-efficient operation and high-dimensional optical reconfigurability within an | integrated | photonic devices | we believe that this work outlines a significant route for next-generation programmable photonics delivering subwavelength confinement energy-efficient operation and high-dimensional optical reconfigurability within an integrated scalable and manufacturable platform |
a maaf represents an optimal breakdown of k trees into reticulation-free subtrees with the roots of these subtrees representing | reticulation | reticulation events | a maaf represents an optimal breakdown of k trees into reticulation-free subtrees with the roots of these subtrees representing reticulation events |
numerous mitigation methods exist for quantum noise suppression making it challenging to identify the optimum approach for a specific application especially as ongoing advances in hardware tuning and error correction are expected to reduce logical | error | quantum error correction | numerous mitigation methods exist for quantum noise suppression making it challenging to identify the optimum approach for a specific application especially as ongoing advances in hardware tuning and error correction are expected to reduce logical error rates |
this allows us to infer a dense turn-by-turn | reward | human feedback | this allows us to infer a dense turn-by-turn reward signal grounded in the expert s revealed strategy decomposing the intractable long-horizon problem into a series of supervised learning tasks and training a policy to output a structured texttt action state_assessment tuple governing both textbf what to ask and crucia... |
these systems aim to emulate the human brain s ability to flexibly learn reason remember perceive and | act | predictive processing | these systems aim to emulate the human brain s ability to flexibly learn reason remember perceive and act in real-world settings with minimal supervision |
as ai writing support becomes ubiquitous how disclosing its | use | ai literacy | as ai writing support becomes ubiquitous how disclosing its use affects reader perception remains a critical underexplored question |
recently deep multi-agent reinforcement learning marl has demonstrated promising performance for solving | challenging | continual learning | recently deep multi-agent reinforcement learning marl has demonstrated promising performance for solving challenging tasks such as long-term dependencies and non-markovian environments |
in this paper we propose the first high-resolution hr motion trajectory estimation framework using | diffusion | diffusion models | in this paper we propose the first high-resolution hr motion trajectory estimation framework using diffusion models motdiff |
a freeable matrix characterization of bipartite graphs of ferrers | dimension | ferrers dimension | a freeable matrix characterization of bipartite graphs of ferrers dimension three |
newton s method may exhibit slower convergence than vanilla | gradient | gradient descent | newton s method may exhibit slower convergence than vanilla gradient descent in its initial phase on strongly convex problems |
we show here that in models equipped with a learning rule inferred from neurobiological data spurious overlaps collectively reduce the mean synaptic inputs to | neurons | brain activity | we show here that in models equipped with a learning rule inferred from neurobiological data spurious overlaps collectively reduce the mean synaptic inputs to neurons and that this mean reduction causes in turn an increase in storage capacity through a sparsening of network activity |
statistical physics of deep learning optimal learning of a | multi-layer | deep learning | statistical physics of deep learning optimal learning of a multi-layer perceptron near interpolation |
all you need for object detection from pixels points and prompts to next-gen fusion and multimodal llms vlms in | autonomous | autonomous driving | all you need for object detection from pixels points and prompts to next-gen fusion and multimodal llms vlms in autonomous vehicles |
articulated 3d objects are central to many | applications | pose estimation | articulated 3d objects are central to many applications in robotics ar vr and animation |
experiments on synthetic and real-world datasets demonstrate that scmd effectively captures both structural and distributional differences between scms providing a practical tool to assess | causal | causal inference | experiments on synthetic and real-world datasets demonstrate that scmd effectively captures both structural and distributional differences between scms providing a practical tool to assess causal transferability and generalization difficulty |
here we demonstrate that reinforcement learning rl and supervised learning sl drive | recurrent | recurrent neural networks | here we demonstrate that reinforcement learning rl and supervised learning sl drive recurrent neural networks rnns toward fundamentally different computational solutions when trained on identical decision-making tasks |
optimal bidding and coordinated dispatch of hybrid | energy | optimal power flow | optimal bidding and coordinated dispatch of hybrid energy systems in regulation markets |
we also provide a proof-of-concept case study of further adapting dms for better | wireless | wireless communication | we also provide a proof-of-concept case study of further adapting dms for better wireless receiver performance |
in computer vision this long-standing challenge remains limited to industrial defects or unrealistic synthetically generated | anomalies | anomaly detection | in computer vision this long-standing challenge remains limited to industrial defects or unrealistic synthetically generated anomalies failing to capture the richness and unpredictability of real-world anomalies |
finally simulation results confirm the efficacy of the proposed method in managing trajectory tracking and | cable | cable length | finally simulation results confirm the efficacy of the proposed method in managing trajectory tracking and cable length adjustments effectively |
large language models llms have seen rapid adoption for | tasks | large language | large language models llms have seen rapid adoption for tasks such as drafting emails summarizing meetings and answering health questions |
data-driven projection generation for efficiently solving heterogeneous quadratic | programming | quadratic programming | data-driven projection generation for efficiently solving heterogeneous quadratic programming problems |
self-evidencing through hierarchical gradient decomposition a dissipative system that maintains non-equilibrium steady-state by minimizing variational | free | dynamical systems | self-evidencing through hierarchical gradient decomposition a dissipative system that maintains non-equilibrium steady-state by minimizing variational free energy |
to bridge this gap we develop a unifying framework based on heat | kernels | heat kernels | to bridge this gap we develop a unifying framework based on heat kernels which we derive in a systematic way and express as simple closed-form expressions |
specifically by formulating channel estimation as a generative ai problem generative ai methods such as diffusion | models | channel estimation | specifically by formulating channel estimation as a generative ai problem generative ai methods such as diffusion models dms can efficiently deal with rough initial estimations and have great potential to cooperate with traditional signal processing methods |
theoretical calculations revealed that epitaxial strain effectively modulates the strength and energy positions of vhs of specific ru orbitals driving correlated phase transitions in the | electronic | electronic structure | theoretical calculations revealed that epitaxial strain effectively modulates the strength and energy positions of vhs of specific ru orbitals driving correlated phase transitions in the electronic and magnetic ground states |
we present a suite of 100 cosmologically motivated controlled n-body simulations designed to advance the understanding of the | role | active galactic | we present a suite of 100 cosmologically motivated controlled n-body simulations designed to advance the understanding of the role of purely gravitational dynamics in the early formation of low-mass galaxy groups 1-5 x 10 13 m_sun |
this work establishes a clean dichotomy the optimal time complexity to support central string | queries | query time | this work establishes a clean dichotomy the optimal time complexity to support central string queries in compressed space is either theta log n log log n or theta log log n |
experiments on systems ranging from 57 to 793 buses demonstrate scalability speed and reliability bridging the gap between ml acceleration and safe real-time deployment of ac-opf solutions - and paving the way toward | data-driven | data-driven stabilization | experiments on systems ranging from 57 to 793 buses demonstrate scalability speed and reliability bridging the gap between ml acceleration and safe real-time deployment of ac-opf solutions - and paving the way toward data-driven optimal control |
selecting a small set of species that maximizes phylogenetic diversity for a given | phylogenetic | phylogenetic tree | selecting a small set of species that maximizes phylogenetic diversity for a given phylogenetic tree is an essential task in preservation planning where limited resources naturally prevent saving all species |
this study establishes strain engineering as a promising platform for tuning vhss and resultant itinerant ferromagnetism of low-dimensional correlated | quantum | quantum technologies | this study establishes strain engineering as a promising platform for tuning vhss and resultant itinerant ferromagnetism of low-dimensional correlated quantum systems |
we provide strong evidence that the 2-cycle for the ricker | growth | growth rates | we provide strong evidence that the 2-cycle for the ricker growth function can be rigorously proven using a similar approach |
in this survey we provide a comprehensive review of multimodal spatial reasoning tasks with large models categorizing recent progress in multimodal large | language | language models | in this survey we provide a comprehensive review of multimodal spatial reasoning tasks with large models categorizing recent progress in multimodal large language models mllms and introducing open benchmarks for evaluation |
understanding how distributed brain regions coordinate to produce behavior requires models that are both | predictive | predictive processing | understanding how distributed brain regions coordinate to produce behavior requires models that are both predictive and interpretable |
the gamma -ray luminosity of a plasma depends on where cosmic rays are if they are in denser gas they produce more | gamma | gamma -ray | the gamma -ray luminosity of a plasma depends on where cosmic rays are if they are in denser gas they produce more gamma -rays |
most prior work focuses on minimizing its time | complexity | query complexity | most prior work focuses on minimizing its time complexity i |
by deriving the local oscillator directly from the spopo cavity the setup establishes an intrinsically excellent spatial mode overlap and high | interference | optical interference | by deriving the local oscillator directly from the spopo cavity the setup establishes an intrinsically excellent spatial mode overlap and high interference visibility forming a distinctive self-referenced architecture |
we characterize their minimax optimal decision rule via a duality argument and show that surprisingly trusting the predictions and acting accordingly is recovered in this | minimax | minimax optimal | we characterize their minimax optimal decision rule via a duality argument and show that surprisingly trusting the predictions and acting accordingly is recovered in this minimax sense by emph decision calibration and any strictly stronger notion of calibration a substantially weaker and more tractable condition than f... |
human evaluation confirms 100 correctness of the | synthesized | synthetic data | human evaluation confirms 100 correctness of the synthesized data |
the system features a counter-propagating beam at the same wavelength as the quantum state which simultaneously actively stabilizes the cavity and after transmission acts as the | local | quantum dot | the system features a counter-propagating beam at the same wavelength as the quantum state which simultaneously actively stabilizes the cavity and after transmission acts as the local oscillator for homodyne detection |
simulating the dynamics of quantum impurity models remains a fundamental challenge due to the complex | memory | memory effects | simulating the dynamics of quantum impurity models remains a fundamental challenge due to the complex memory effects that arise from system-environment interactions |
to bridge this gap we systematically evaluated eight probabilistic deep learning models including two foundation models that have demonstrated strong performance on general | forecasting | deep learning | to bridge this gap we systematically evaluated eight probabilistic deep learning models including two foundation models that have demonstrated strong performance on general forecasting benchmarks |
for example comparing two neural systems can shed light on the nature of emergent | computations | artificial neural | for example comparing two neural systems can shed light on the nature of emergent computations in the brain and deep neural networks |
xray reflectivity measurements shows the progressive formation of an additional layer in between the 3 | nm | film thickness | xray reflectivity measurements shows the progressive formation of an additional layer in between the 3 nm thick si capping layer and the ndco compound film |
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