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we characterize energy number location and hessian eigenspectra of | global | global minima | we characterize energy number location and hessian eigenspectra of global minima local minima and critical points as the landscape evolves |
we hope these findings motivate a broader reconsideration of precision trade-offs in | rl | reinforcement learning rl | we hope these findings motivate a broader reconsideration of precision trade-offs in rl fine-tuning |
we present a deep reinforcement learning framework based on proximal | policy | reinforcement learning | we present a deep reinforcement learning framework based on proximal policy optimization ppo for autonomous qos-aware load balancing implemented end-to-end in a lightweight pure-python simulation environment |
while a multi-agent approach based on large | language | language models | while a multi-agent approach based on large language models llms represents a promising strategy to surpass the capabilities of single models its success is critically dependent on synergistic team composition |
a logic-based algorithmic meta-theorem for | treedepth | tree edit | a logic-based algorithmic meta-theorem for treedepth single exponential fpt time and polynomial space |
we suggest that interactions between parallel subnetworks in the brain may underlie such learning we present a model of representation learning by ensembles of neural networks where each network learns to encode stimuli into an abstract representation space by cross-supervising | interactions | brain-computer interface | we suggest that interactions between parallel subnetworks in the brain may underlie such learning we present a model of representation learning by ensembles of neural networks where each network learns to encode stimuli into an abstract representation space by cross-supervising interactions with other networks for inpu... |
harnessing topological effects offers a promising route to protect quantum states of light from imperfections potentially enabling more robust platforms for | quantum | quantum technologies | harnessing topological effects offers a promising route to protect quantum states of light from imperfections potentially enabling more robust platforms for quantum information processing |
this opens up a potential cognitive attack in which adversaries might create conditions that make an | ar | mobile ar | this opens up a potential cognitive attack in which adversaries might create conditions that make an ar user not recall certain potentially mission-critical objects |
this survey aims to establish a structured foundation for advancing hgnn-based | anomaly | anomaly detection | this survey aims to establish a structured foundation for advancing hgnn-based anomaly detection toward scalable interpretable and practically deployable solutions |
we then separately solve a dirichlet problem for laplace s equation to synthesize a safe textit guidance field that encodes variable levels of caution around | obstacles | collision avoidance | we then separately solve a dirichlet problem for laplace s equation to synthesize a safe textit guidance field that encodes variable levels of caution around obstacles -- by enforcing a tunable flux boundary condition |
first hclfuse investigates the quantification theory of information mapping in unsupervised | fusion | image fusion | first hclfuse investigates the quantification theory of information mapping in unsupervised fusion networks which leads to the design of a multi-scale mask-regulated variational bottleneck encoder |
despite their strong generative capabilities they face critical limitations in image editing tasks inaccurate inversion processes for mapping real images back into the latent space and gradient entanglement issues during | editing | image generation | despite their strong generative capabilities they face critical limitations in image editing tasks inaccurate inversion processes for mapping real images back into the latent space and gradient entanglement issues during editing often result in outputs that do not faithfully reflect the target prompt |
simulations showed that grassmannian signaling provides competitive bit error rates ber at low signal-to-noise ratio snr regimes with low probability of detection at the unintended receiver compared to coherent schemes that use qpsk or qam modulation formats and need pilots to perform | channel | channel estimation | simulations showed that grassmannian signaling provides competitive bit error rates ber at low signal-to-noise ratio snr regimes with low probability of detection at the unintended receiver compared to coherent schemes that use qpsk or qam modulation formats and need pilots to perform channel estimation |
second to guarantee pose-level safety pose correction based on penetration direction and line search is applied ensuring that each pose in the | trajectory | obstacle avoidance | second to guarantee pose-level safety pose correction based on penetration direction and line search is applied ensuring that each pose in the trajectory is collision-free and maximally clear from obstacles |
in the human brain the allowed patterns of activity are constrained by the | correlations | functional connectivity | in the human brain the allowed patterns of activity are constrained by the correlations between brain regions |
generative ai genai is rapidly transforming software engineering se practices influencing how se processes are executed as well as how | software | generative ai | generative ai genai is rapidly transforming software engineering se practices influencing how se processes are executed as well as how software systems are developed operated and evolved |
results show that vibration reduces the crystallization onset temperature indicating enhanced | atomic | molecular dynamics | results show that vibration reduces the crystallization onset temperature indicating enhanced atomic mobility and nucleation kinetics |
generating hand grasps with language instructions is a widely studied topic that benefits from | embodied | vision-language-action vla | generating hand grasps with language instructions is a widely studied topic that benefits from embodied ai and vr ar applications |
492 we do find evidence of interacting molecular gas traced by oh providing further support for | oh | molecular gas | 492 we do find evidence of interacting molecular gas traced by oh providing further support for oh s ability to trace hii region-molecular cloud interactions |
photonic band-gap crystals radically modulate the rldos thereby controlling | spontaneous | spontaneous emission | photonic band-gap crystals radically modulate the rldos thereby controlling spontaneous emission |
egoexo-con exploring view-invariant video | temporal | video generation | egoexo-con exploring view-invariant video temporal understanding |
this work introduces a dynamic context-aware scene reasoning framework that leverages | vision-language | vision-language models vlms | this work introduces a dynamic context-aware scene reasoning framework that leverages vision-language alignment to address zero-shot real-world scenarios |
we also explore applications of coherence to | graph | bipartite graphs | we also explore applications of coherence to graph problems |
measurement technology employing optical interference phenomena such as a fringe pattern or | frequency | optical interference | measurement technology employing optical interference phenomena such as a fringe pattern or frequency shift has been evolving for more than a century |
for fair and rigorous evaluation we curate goat-core a high-quality core split distilled from goat-bench tailored to multi-modal open-vocabulary multi-goal | visual | visual navigation | for fair and rigorous evaluation we curate goat-core a high-quality core split distilled from goat-bench tailored to multi-modal open-vocabulary multi-goal visual navigation |
numerical analysis is provided to support the | optimality | numerical experiments | numerical analysis is provided to support the optimality result |
most studies assume static power systems focus only on operational | emissions | optimal power flow | most studies assume static power systems focus only on operational emissions and overlook co-optimization |
the state of brain emulation report 2025 provides a comprehensive reassessment of the field s progress since sandberg and bostrom s 2008 whole brain | emulation | electroencephalography eeg | the state of brain emulation report 2025 provides a comprehensive reassessment of the field s progress since sandberg and bostrom s 2008 whole brain emulation roadmap |
we provide an inferential framework to assess variable importance for heterogeneous | treatment | treatment effect | we provide an inferential framework to assess variable importance for heterogeneous treatment effects |
as a result of this compact structure the luminosity-radius relations for core and effective radii of | hii | hii regions | as a result of this compact structure the luminosity-radius relations for core and effective radii of hii regions depend sensitively on the adopted methodology |
a prevailing theory in cognitive neuroscience proposes that the human brain operates through hierarchical predictive processing which underlies flexible | cognition | brain decoding | a prevailing theory in cognitive neuroscience proposes that the human brain operates through hierarchical predictive processing which underlies flexible cognition and behavior by integrating multimodal sensory signals |
as llms occupy an increasingly important role in society they are more and more confronted with questions that require them not only to draw on their general | knowledge | llm inference | as llms occupy an increasingly important role in society they are more and more confronted with questions that require them not only to draw on their general knowledge but also to align with certain human value systems |
experiments on synthetic and real-world datasets demonstrate that our method effectively mitigates spurious correlation issues and yields more robust | reward | reward models | experiments on synthetic and real-world datasets demonstrate that our method effectively mitigates spurious correlation issues and yields more robust reward models |
classical newton-type multilevel methods mitigate this but like | gradient | gradient descent | classical newton-type multilevel methods mitigate this but like gradient descent achieve only linear convergence near the minimizer |
user misconceptions of llm-based conversational | programming | large language models llms | user misconceptions of llm-based conversational programming assistants |
out of the many deep reinforcement learning approaches for | autonomous | autonomous driving | out of the many deep reinforcement learning approaches for autonomous driving only few make use of the options or skills framework |
our novel approach expands the capabilities of the | robot | obstacle avoidance | our novel approach expands the capabilities of the robot s inverse kinematics solver empowering it to acquire a sequential repertoire of actions using tools of varying lengths |
this theory further promotes nonlinear transport as a probe of geometric effects and | phase | molecular dynamics | this theory further promotes nonlinear transport as a probe of geometric effects and phase transitions in quantum materials |
unlike existing gaussian process-based approaches our method constructs an approximate | posterior | approximate posterior | unlike existing gaussian process-based approaches our method constructs an approximate posterior distribution using samples drawn from a gaussian process model fitted to the observed data which does not require any structural assumption about the underlying pde |
in this work we conduct a systematic study of representation retention during | vla | vision-language-action vla | in this work we conduct a systematic study of representation retention during vla fine-tuning showing that naive action fine-tuning leads to degradation of visual representations |
recalling previously experienced movements is essential for a range of activities including sports music and rehabilitation yet little is known about the accuracy and decay of proprioceptive | working | brain activity | recalling previously experienced movements is essential for a range of activities including sports music and rehabilitation yet little is known about the accuracy and decay of proprioceptive working memory |
the emergence of spite driven by prejudice is also found to persist when one considers long-term | evolutionary | evolutionary game | the emergence of spite driven by prejudice is also found to persist when one considers long-term evolutionary dynamics in the mutation-selection dominated regime |
these findings suggest that cd-based acs some of which show the multi-step magnetic transitions provide a new platform for investigating exotic | magnetic | magnetic properties | these findings suggest that cd-based acs some of which show the multi-step magnetic transitions provide a new platform for investigating exotic magnetic properties that cannot be understood within the conventional framework of hybridization at ef |
we argue that a central cause is representation quality exteroceptive | inputs | representation learning | we argue that a central cause is representation quality exteroceptive inputs e |
we demonstrate that for the majority of rjgs the | rejuvenating | molecular gas | we demonstrate that for the majority of rjgs the rejuvenating gas is originally in the galaxy rather than accreted gas |
these paradoxes highlight the tension between quantum | theory | quantum correlations | these paradoxes highlight the tension between quantum theory and our intuitions about reality being observer-independent |
adaptive context length optimization with | low-frequency | context length | adaptive context length optimization with low-frequency truncation for multi-agent reinforcement learning |
reinforcement learning rl fine-tuning of large | language | large language | reinforcement learning rl fine-tuning of large language models llms often suffers from instability due to the numerical mismatch between the training and inference policies |
while pruning and low-rank approximation have each demonstrated promising performance individually their synergy for llms | remains | large language models llms | while pruning and low-rank approximation have each demonstrated promising performance individually their synergy for llms remains underexplored |
extensions to longitudinal data dynamic treatment | regimes | dynamic treatment | extensions to longitudinal data dynamic treatment regimes and multiplicative instrumental variables are further developed |
we present the first known pivot gray code for spanning trees of complete | graphs | tree embedding | we present the first known pivot gray code for spanning trees of complete graphs listing all spanning trees such that consecutive trees differ by pivoting a single edge around a vertex |
extracting spectral diffusion in two-dimensional coherent | spectra | spectral range | extracting spectral diffusion in two-dimensional coherent spectra via the projection slice theorem |
in this study we used a data-driven network approach to examine whether resting-state | eeg | electroencephalography eeg | in this study we used a data-driven network approach to examine whether resting-state eeg connectivity patterns differentiate individuals according to their creative abilities |
in this environment second-order minimizing methods such as the conjugate | gradient | gradient descent | in this environment second-order minimizing methods such as the conjugate gradient cg give a guaranteed superlinear convergence |
along with the natural language embeddings the representations are trained by an haoi manipulation language model to align the grasping process with its | language | vision-language models | along with the natural language embeddings the representations are trained by an haoi manipulation language model to align the grasping process with its language description in a shared representation space |
while deep learning dominates recent mtl research support vector machines svms and twin | svms | deep learning | while deep learning dominates recent mtl research support vector machines svms and twin svms twsvms remain relevant due to their interpretability theoretical rigor and effectiveness with small datasets |
to tackle this challenge we propose braincognizer a novel brain decoding model inspired by human visual cognition which explores multi-level | semantics | encoding models | to tackle this challenge we propose braincognizer a novel brain decoding model inspired by human visual cognition which explores multi-level semantics and correlations without fine-tuning of generative models |
we verify our proposal through exact calculations on | ground | ground state | we verify our proposal through exact calculations on ground states constructed using real space constructions |
we outline a multi-phase research methodology focused on preparing re datasets fine-tuning ai models and designing collaborative | human-ai | ai literacy | we outline a multi-phase research methodology focused on preparing re datasets fine-tuning ai models and designing collaborative human-ai workflows |
we study a bi-virus susceptible-infected-susceptible sis epidemic model in which individuals are either susceptible or | infected | infectious individuals | we study a bi-virus susceptible-infected-susceptible sis epidemic model in which individuals are either susceptible or infected with one of two virus strains and consider mutation-driven transitions between strains |
specifically we show that in the presence of non-hermitian degeneracies known as exceptional | points | exceptional points | specifically we show that in the presence of non-hermitian degeneracies known as exceptional points the expected mode hierarchy can be dramatically altered |
we apply our method to variational quantum | algorithm | open quantum | we apply our method to variational quantum algorithm vqa ansatz design for molecular ground state estimation max-cut and image classification key challenges in near-term quantum computing |
a case study in south yorkshire uk illustrates how regional forecasts can be translated into local design responses connecting quantitative modelling with 3d | spatial | urban systems | a case study in south yorkshire uk illustrates how regional forecasts can be translated into local design responses connecting quantitative modelling with 3d spatial planning |
the sga method outperforms the gradient method by including | second-order | accelerated gradient | the sga method outperforms the gradient method by including second-order mixed derivatives computed at each iterate which requires considerably larger computational effort |
specifically when f x acts safely but u0 acts unsafely the gain can be decreased by up to half and when f x acts unsafely we establish that if u0 acts safely the gain can be increased arbitrarily whereas if u0 acts unsafely the control recovers the full | gain | optimal control | specifically when f x acts safely but u0 acts unsafely the gain can be decreased by up to half and when f x acts unsafely we establish that if u0 acts safely the gain can be increased arbitrarily whereas if u0 acts unsafely the control recovers the full gain margin 1 2 inf |
large language models llms face significant | inference | llm inference | large language models llms face significant inference latency challenges stemming from their autoregressive design and large size |
in particular we show that narrower degree distributions contain longer shortest | loops | complex networks | in particular we show that narrower degree distributions contain longer shortest loops as a universal property in a wide class of random networks |
26 10 1 m _ sun yr -1 kpc -2 our results indicate a rapid building of inner stellar mass and | bulge | bulge stars | 26 10 1 m _ sun yr -1 kpc -2 our results indicate a rapid building of inner stellar mass and bulge assembly within these young systems |
this alignment anchors the reasoning of a judge large | language | natural language | this alignment anchors the reasoning of a judge large language model llm in structured information and helps reduce the burden of regulatory interpretation and event parsing enabling a focus on the core reasoning step |
this work introduces steervlm a lightweight steering module designed to guide | vision-language | vision-language models | this work introduces steervlm a lightweight steering module designed to guide vision-language models vlms towards outputs that better adhere to desired instructions |
practical hybrid decoding scheme for parity-encoded | spin | spin readout | practical hybrid decoding scheme for parity-encoded spin systems |
on the positive side we present polynomial-time approximation schemes ptass for k -cycle and k -path graphs improving over the best existing approximation factors of 2 for k -cycle | graphs | regular graphs | on the positive side we present polynomial-time approximation schemes ptass for k -cycle and k -path graphs improving over the best existing approximation factors of 2 for k -cycle graphs and an approximation factor of 4 for k -path graphs |
we further show that in this case the truncated random return follows a positively weighted non-central chi-square distribution if the random disturbances admits gaussian and its cumulative distribution function is log-concave if the probability density function of the | random | truncated random return | we further show that in this case the truncated random return follows a positively weighted non-central chi-square distribution if the random disturbances admits gaussian and its cumulative distribution function is log-concave if the probability density function of the random disturbances is log-concave |
but this method often fails to converge due to the system | s | first-order methods | but this method often fails to converge due to the system s high dimensionality and nonlinearity |
when evaluated against the clinical standard used to train the ai both ai and | human-ai | human-machine teaming | when evaluated against the clinical standard used to train the ai both ai and human-ai teams significantly outperform unaided experts with collaboration also reducing inter-rater variability |
the informative sampling method was further divided into sequential method which ranked pens by descending viral load probability and cluster and random method which selected pens at random from high and low | viral | viral replication | the informative sampling method was further divided into sequential method which ranked pens by descending viral load probability and cluster and random method which selected pens at random from high and low viral load clusters |
however in recent years with the rise of generative ai especially large | language | language models | however in recent years with the rise of generative ai especially large language models llm and particularly with the widespread popularity of the chatgpt model that concern became practical |
one of the main challenges in isac lies in resource allocation which becomes computationally demanding in dynamic environments requiring | real-time | communication isac | one of the main challenges in isac lies in resource allocation which becomes computationally demanding in dynamic environments requiring real-time adaptation |
exploring complementarity and explainability in cnns for | periocular | deep network | exploring complementarity and explainability in cnns for periocular verification across acquisition distances |
importantly we only train and evaluate on pairs of frames where one contains the query point effectively removing any | temporal | temporal understanding | importantly we only train and evaluate on pairs of frames where one contains the query point effectively removing any temporal context |
our framework thus provides a unified foundation for analyzing and improving the efficiency of fundamental string-processing problems through the lens of | prefix | suffix array | our framework thus provides a unified foundation for analyzing and improving the efficiency of fundamental string-processing problems through the lens of prefix queries |
we investigate a minimal algebraic setup that allows us to study a notion of differentiability suitable for newton-type methods called | newton | zeroth-order methods | we investigate a minimal algebraic setup that allows us to study a notion of differentiability suitable for newton-type methods called newton differentiability |
under sufficient differentiability the new method achieves an asymptotic average | convergence | zeroth-order methods | under sufficient differentiability the new method achieves an asymptotic average convergence order of at least the square root of 5 per iteration surpassing the quadratic order of the original algorithm |
x-ray and variability selected agn have higher average star formation | rates | star-forming region | x-ray and variability selected agn have higher average star formation rates than those selected with optical narrow line spectroscopic diagrams |
quantum computation with d -level quantum systems also known as qudits benefits from the possibility to use a richer | computational | quantum dot | quantum computation with d -level quantum systems also known as qudits benefits from the possibility to use a richer computational space compared to qubits |
we further extended jne with sample-specificity jne-ss revealing stimulus-selective nonlinear response | patterns | brain regions | we further extended jne with sample-specificity jne-ss revealing stimulus-selective nonlinear response patterns in functionally specialized brain regions |
this dramatic shift underscores the enhanced robustness of hub-mediated spin correlations under competitive coupling leading to asymmetric order parameters between layers and novel | phase | phase transition | this dramatic shift underscores the enhanced robustness of hub-mediated spin correlations under competitive coupling leading to asymmetric order parameters between layers and novel phase transition phenomena |
large language models are influencing the | education | large language | large language models are influencing the education landscape with students relying on them in their learning process |
we conclude that ly alpha radiation pressure severely limits a possible extremely efficient feedback-free phase of star formation in | dense | star clusters | we conclude that ly alpha radiation pressure severely limits a possible extremely efficient feedback-free phase of star formation in dense metal-poor clouds |
allowing the order of quantum operations to exist in superposition is known to | open | open quantum | allowing the order of quantum operations to exist in superposition is known to open new routes for thermodynamic tasks |
urban form and function shape mobility more profoundly than structure even though structure often exhibits higher correlations as observed in | cities | urban systems | urban form and function shape mobility more profoundly than structure even though structure often exhibits higher correlations as observed in cities such as singapore new delhi london chicago and moscow |
in linear time-invariant systems the sensitivity function to | disturbances | bounded disturbances | in linear time-invariant systems the sensitivity function to disturbances is designed under a sensitivity tradeoff known as the waterbed effect |
based on our characterization we design a policy optimization algorithm that uses machine learning to predict counterfactual outcomes and then plugs in these predictions to estimate the pareto frontier then the decision-maker can select the policy that optimizes their desired tradeoff after which | policy | policy optimization | based on our characterization we design a policy optimization algorithm that uses machine learning to predict counterfactual outcomes and then plugs in these predictions to estimate the pareto frontier then the decision-maker can select the policy that optimizes their desired tradeoff after which policy evaluation can ... |
this research develops a composite liveability index for greater london based on metrics related to the proximity density and diversity of pois along with population density and investigates how neighbourhood liveability relates to active | travel | human mobility | this research develops a composite liveability index for greater london based on metrics related to the proximity density and diversity of pois along with population density and investigates how neighbourhood liveability relates to active travel behaviour |
to overcome the potential non-smoothness of the hyper-objective and the computational challenges associated with the hessian matrix we utilize penalty and augmented lagrangian methods to reformulate the original | problem | bilevel optimization | to overcome the potential non-smoothness of the hyper-objective and the computational challenges associated with the hessian matrix we utilize penalty and augmented lagrangian methods to reformulate the original problem as a single-level one |
in difference-in-differences did settings with | categorical | categorical outcomes | in difference-in-differences did settings with categorical outcomes such as voting occupation or major choices treatments often affect both total counts e |
twin-field quantum key distribution tf-qkd has emerged as a potential protocol for long distance secure communication overcoming the rate-distance limitations of conventional quantum | key | fault-tolerant quantum | twin-field quantum key distribution tf-qkd has emerged as a potential protocol for long distance secure communication overcoming the rate-distance limitations of conventional quantum key distribution without requiring trusted repeaters |
the near-ghz soliton repetition frequency | exhibits | ghz ghz | the near-ghz soliton repetition frequency exhibits a single-sideband phase noise of -137 dbc hz at a 100 khz offset surpassing state-of-the-art microwave generators |
we hope our work inspires further exploration into maximizing the | potential | training data | we hope our work inspires further exploration into maximizing the potential of data utilization in large-scale model training |
reality distortion room a study of user locomotion responses to spatial augmented | reality | physical virtual | reality distortion room a study of user locomotion responses to spatial augmented reality effects |
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