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we evaluate strategies for reducing the run time of
fault-tolerant
quantum batteries
we evaluate strategies for reducing the run time of fault-tolerant quantum computations targeting practical utility in scientific or industrial workflows
6 thin films studied by xray reflectivity and hard
xray
film thickness
6 thin films studied by xray reflectivity and hard xray photoemission
hybrid energy systems hes composed of controllable generators
flexible
power systems
hybrid energy systems hes composed of controllable generators flexible loads and battery storage offer a decentralized solution to enhance flexibility compared to single centralized resources
specifically when f x acts safely but u0 acts unsafely the gain can be decreased by up to half and when f x acts unsafely we establish that if u0 acts safely the gain can be increased arbitrarily whereas if u0
acts
gain margin
specifically when f x acts safely but u0 acts unsafely the gain can be decreased by up to half and when f x acts unsafely we establish that if u0 acts safely the gain can be increased arbitrarily whereas if u0 acts unsafely the control recovers the full gain margin 1 2 inf
cascaded harmonic generation also extends the spectrum into the visible and ultraviolet domains resulting in an overall
spectral
spectral range
cascaded harmonic generation also extends the spectrum into the visible and ultraviolet domains resulting in an overall spectral bandwidth ranging from 350 to 4800 nm
specifically to assess how well llms reason with normative modals we make a comparison between their reasoning with
normative
normative reasoning
specifically to assess how well llms reason with normative modals we make a comparison between their reasoning with normative modals and their reasoning with epistemic modals which share a common formal structure
in mnte the dominant component sy of mnte inherits the polarized charge distribution and the non-relativistic spin-momentum locking bulk g-wave but the breaking of the c6z rotational symmetry by the neel vector lowers the
symmetry
spin-momentum locking
in mnte the dominant component sy of mnte inherits the polarized charge distribution and the non-relativistic spin-momentum locking bulk g-wave but the breaking of the c6z rotational symmetry by the neel vector lowers the symmetry from g-wave to d-wave
these results demonstrate efficiency gains without cognitive change suggesting that current narrow ai systems serve as cognitive scaffolds extending
performance
task performance
these results demonstrate efficiency gains without cognitive change suggesting that current narrow ai systems serve as cognitive scaffolds extending performance without transforming underlying mental capacities
most networks encountered in nature society and technology have
weighted
mobility networks
most networks encountered in nature society and technology have weighted edges representing the strength of the interaction association between their vertices
wilson-cowan and amari-type models capture
nonlinear
artificial neural
wilson-cowan and amari-type models capture nonlinear neural population dynamics providing a fundamental framework for modeling how sensory and other exogenous inputs shape activity in neural tissue
machine learning ml models meanwhile can be trained to predict near-optimal decisions at a
fraction
artificial intelligence
machine learning ml models meanwhile can be trained to predict near-optimal decisions at a fraction of the speed
plugging regression functions estimated by machine
learning
regression function
plugging regression functions estimated by machine learning methods into the identifying equations can yield poor performance because of first-stage bias
experimental results have shown that gentrack provides
superior
multi-object tracking
experimental results have shown that gentrack provides superior performance on standard benchmarks and real-world scenarios compared to state-of-the-art trackers with integrated implementations of baselines for fair comparison
while ai-assisted participants completed several
tasks
ai use
while ai-assisted participants completed several tasks faster and more accurately no significant pre-post differences emerged in standardized measures of problem solving or verbal comprehension
here we find multiple co-existing streamers for a disk velocity relative to the
interstellar
interstellar medium
here we find multiple co-existing streamers for a disk velocity relative to the interstellar medium of v_ mathrm sys 0
to explore this possibility we reanalyse the region using observational molecular
line
emission line
to explore this possibility we reanalyse the region using observational molecular line data
we could then identify patterns of similar trajectories of
cognitive
working memory
we could then identify patterns of similar trajectories of cognitive decline and also highlight the potential problem of a large heterogeneity of the profiles maybe due to the final endpoint considered
- for edge orientation problems we give a partial characterization of the problems that have a randomized complexity of omega log n and the problems that have a randomized
complexity
time complexity
- for edge orientation problems we give a partial characterization of the problems that have a randomized complexity of omega log n and the problems that have a randomized complexity of poly log log n
we describe this simulation method and compare it with
alternative
numerical simulations
we describe this simulation method and compare it with alternative approaches
moire-enabled optical vortex with tunable topological charge in twisted bilayer
photonic
photonic devices
moire-enabled optical vortex with tunable topological charge in twisted bilayer photonic crystals
however it remains unclear which search direction to construct a
gradient
gradient flow
however it remains unclear which search direction to construct a gradient estimator is more appropriate and how to set the algorithmic parameters
the reasoning capabilities of large language models
llms
models llms
the reasoning capabilities of large language models llms have led to their increasing employment in several critical applications particularly education where they support problem-solving tutoring and personalized study
learning to manage investment portfolios beyond simple
utility
reinforcement learning
learning to manage investment portfolios beyond simple utility functions
star quasiconvexity an unified approach for linear
convergence
strongly convex
star quasiconvexity an unified approach for linear convergence of first-order methods beyond convexity
to overcome these challenges we developed darts a drone-based ai-powered real-time traffic incident
detection
incident detection
to overcome these challenges we developed darts a drone-based ai-powered real-time traffic incident detection system
in addition such data could also be used to improve the training of both pathologists and ai
systems
ai agents
in addition such data could also be used to improve the training of both pathologists and ai systems that might support human experts
generative bayesian optimization generative models as
acquisition
approximate posterior
generative bayesian optimization generative models as acquisition functions
within this framework we further identify several meaningful dynamical indicators such as the collective order parameter the degree of self-coherence and the volitional inertia inferred from hysteresis-like loops which together provide a quantitative characterization of
emergent
emergent behaviors
within this framework we further identify several meaningful dynamical indicators such as the collective order parameter the degree of self-coherence and the volitional inertia inferred from hysteresis-like loops which together provide a quantitative characterization of emergent coordination and adaptation in a self-pe...
distributed quantum computing dqc provides a promising route toward scalable quantum
computation
quantum networks
distributed quantum computing dqc provides a promising route toward scalable quantum computation where entanglement-assisted locc and circuit knitting represent two complementary approaches
we propose that encounters between the ants moving in opposite directions can be modelled within the framework of
game
game theory
we propose that encounters between the ants moving in opposite directions can be modelled within the framework of game theory leading to an understanding of the mechanism behind observed behaviours
finally the learned policies in the spcg achieved between 87 and 95 optimality compared to an equivalent top solution obtained by mixed-integer
linear
optimal control
finally the learned policies in the spcg achieved between 87 and 95 optimality compared to an equivalent top solution obtained by mixed-integer linear programming
this paper proposes a new method for estimating conditional
average
treatment effect
this paper proposes a new method for estimating conditional average treatment effects cate in randomized experiments
to address this challenge this paper proposes a delay-tolerant communication disturbance
observer
disturbance observer
to address this challenge this paper proposes a delay-tolerant communication disturbance observer cdob framework for path-tracking control in delayed systems
mapping habitat quality based on factors like host availability and environmental suitability is a common approach to determining which
locations
ecological communities
mapping habitat quality based on factors like host availability and environmental suitability is a common approach to determining which locations are important for the spread of a species
phase-change materials pcms based on group iv v and vi elements such as ge sb and te exhibit distinctive liquid-state features including thermodynamic anomalies and unusual dynamical properties which are believed to
play
phase transition
phase-change materials pcms based on group iv v and vi elements such as ge sb and te exhibit distinctive liquid-state features including thermodynamic anomalies and unusual dynamical properties which are believed to play a key role in their fast and reversible crystallization behavior
the central density of hii regions correlates well with the surface
brightness
surface brightness
the central density of hii regions correlates well with the surface brightness within the effective radius
using score matching within a corresponding
diffusion
diffusion models
using score matching within a corresponding diffusion model we obtain an estimator of the bayesian posterior mathbb p x mid y in this setup
while large language models llms have demonstrated remarkable performance across various reasoning tasks their ability to handle
normative
normative reasoning
while large language models llms have demonstrated remarkable performance across various reasoning tasks their ability to handle normative reasoning remains underexplored
while existing machine learning algorithms can achieve strong accuracy on this task most models are uninterpretable and cannot
justify
machine learning
while existing machine learning algorithms can achieve strong accuracy on this task most models are uninterpretable and cannot justify their conclusions
prior research examined how llms alter user views yet little work extended beyond one-way influence to address how user input can affect
llm
models llms
prior research examined how llms alter user views yet little work extended beyond one-way influence to address how user input can affect llm responses and how such bi-directional influence manifests throughout the multi-turn conversations
we formalize the separation of perception and decision define perceptual properties independent of objectives or reparameterizations and prove that pel updates
preserving
reward models
we formalize the separation of perception and decision define perceptual properties independent of objectives or reparameterizations and prove that pel updates preserving sufficient invariants are orthogonal to bayes task-risk gradients
the local quadratic convergence for strongly convex functions with lipschitz continuous hessians and for self-concordant
functions
superlinear convergence
the local quadratic convergence for strongly convex functions with lipschitz continuous hessians and for self-concordant functions is established and confirmed empirically
the inability to generalize across unseen contexts limits the deployment of vision-based applications in
dynamic
vision-language models vlms
the inability to generalize across unseen contexts limits the deployment of vision-based applications in dynamic unstructured settings
among tuning mechanisms all-optical coherent control stands out because it requires no material or geometric
change
optical interference
among tuning mechanisms all-optical coherent control stands out because it requires no material or geometric change enabling ultrafast low-energy interference-based modulation of amplitude phase and polarization in ultrathin devices
the utility of mgps depends on the choice of
predictive
predictive performance
the utility of mgps depends on the choice of predictive rule yet the literature has offered few compelling examples
the evolution of the group sizes can be mapped to a
randomized
group size
the evolution of the group sizes can be mapped to a randomized p olya urn model
this is formulated as a bilevel optimization problem the inner optimization solves the qp under a given
projection
quadratic programming
this is formulated as a bilevel optimization problem the inner optimization solves the qp under a given projection using a qp solver while the outer optimization updates the model parameters
recent advances in visual question answering vqa have demonstrated impressive performance in natural image domains with models like llava leveraging large
language
vision-language models vlms
recent advances in visual question answering vqa have demonstrated impressive performance in natural image domains with models like llava leveraging large language models llms for open-ended reasoning
additionally we connect for the first time the chromosome diagram to the two-stream age-metallicity relation allowing us to link the p1 and p2
stars
stellar mass
additionally we connect for the first time the chromosome diagram to the two-stream age-metallicity relation allowing us to link the p1 and p2 stars to the distinct star formation tracks proposed to be in-situ and ex-situ contributions to the cluster s assembly
we optimize the cavity-waveguide interface to minimize photon losses and demonstrate that its adjustment allows precise tuning of the
light-matter
light-matter interactions
we optimize the cavity-waveguide interface to minimize photon losses and demonstrate that its adjustment allows precise tuning of the light-matter interaction
mathematical framework for epidemic dynamics optimal
control
optimal control
mathematical framework for epidemic dynamics optimal control and global sensitivity analysis
in this work we propose a new inferential framework for
autocorrelation
time series
in this work we propose a new inferential framework for autocorrelation in time series data under frequent mean shifts
this paper explores unsupervised anomaly detection uad as an independent upstream filtering
mechanism
anomaly detection
this paper explores unsupervised anomaly detection uad as an independent upstream filtering mechanism to improve robustness
numerical results show that our approach significantly reduces the impact of stragglers and accelerates convergence
compared
computationally efficient
numerical results show that our approach significantly reduces the impact of stragglers and accelerates convergence compared to existing methods
this study aims to analyze the impact of expanding the search space of the optimization phase and the robustness of the adaptability of the detector in identifying edges of a set of natural
images
image fusion
this study aims to analyze the impact of expanding the search space of the optimization phase and the robustness of the adaptability of the detector in identifying edges of a set of natural images and specialized subsets extracted from the same image set
in thin agn discs this condition is satisfied for most
stellar-mass
stellar mass function
in thin agn discs this condition is satisfied for most stellar-mass or more massive cos
the average responded probability that our
vacuum
vacuum decay
the average responded probability that our vacuum is metastable was 45
this observation reduces irl to two off-the-shelf supervised
learning
debiased machine learning
this observation reduces irl to two off-the-shelf supervised learning problems probabilistic classification to estimate the behavior policy and iterative regression to solve the fixed point
assessment of the conditional exchangeability assumption in
causal
causal effect
assessment of the conditional exchangeability assumption in causal machine learning models a simulation study
there are two major approaches in policy learning the empirical
welfare
policy optimization
there are two major approaches in policy learning the empirical welfare maximization ewm approach and the plug-in approach
in this work we propose a strategy that exploits the principles of non-hermitian physics--specifically the concept of exceptional points eps --to transcend these limitations and pave the way for the next generation of versatile high-performance
photonic
photonic circuits
in this work we propose a strategy that exploits the principles of non-hermitian physics--specifically the concept of exceptional points eps --to transcend these limitations and pave the way for the next generation of versatile high-performance photonic devices
additionally the refined annotation guidelines increase agreement among different
llm
models llms
additionally the refined annotation guidelines increase agreement among different llm models
unravelling the mechanisms of manipulating numbers in
language
large language
unravelling the mechanisms of manipulating numbers in language models
this framework can be applied to policy evaluation using the panel data approach pda where we further establish inference for the
average
treatment effect
this framework can be applied to policy evaluation using the panel data approach pda where we further establish inference for the average treatment effect
these disentangled low-dimensional representations are observed in multiple brain areas and across different species and are typically the result of a process of abstraction that
supports
abstract representations
these disentangled low-dimensional representations are observed in multiple brain areas and across different species and are typically the result of a process of abstraction that supports simple forms of out-of-distribution generalization
we use molecular dynamics to simulate collision cascades in nanocrystalline iron and compare these to collision
cascades
molecular dynamics
we use molecular dynamics to simulate collision cascades in nanocrystalline iron and compare these to collision cascades in initially defect free single crystals
network nonlocality a recently noted form of nonlocality has been shown to have distinctive features marking a significant departure from the notion of standard bell
nonlocality
quantum mechanics
network nonlocality a recently noted form of nonlocality has been shown to have distinctive features marking a significant departure from the notion of standard bell nonlocality in the context of quantum correlations
how the coupling of green finance and green technology
innovation
green finance
how the coupling of green finance and green technology innovation affect synergistic effect of pollution and emission carbon reduction evidence from china
further we found high agreement among five proxy
llms
models llms
further we found high agreement among five proxy llms while each individual llm had low correlation with users evaluations
we study the impact of two human-machine teaming strategies on proxy construction 1 relevance-first
humans
human-machine teaming
we study the impact of two human-machine teaming strategies on proxy construction 1 relevance-first humans leading the process by selecting relevant proxies and 2 performance-first machines leading the process by recommending proxies based on predictive performance
our work provides a framework for determining when
fitness
evolutionary dynamics
our work provides a framework for determining when fitness inference is feasible from population-wide whole-genome time-stratified data and highlights settings where it is not
these intervals cover out-of-sample realizations of the outcome variable with a pre-specified probability providing a way to
assess
confidence intervals
these intervals cover out-of-sample realizations of the outcome variable with a pre-specified probability providing a way to assess predictive uncertainty beyond point prediction
viral replication occurs in several stages and the completion time for each stage varies due to differences in the
cellular
viral replication
viral replication occurs in several stages and the completion time for each stage varies due to differences in the cellular environment
while successful in language and vision their adoption in
eeg
human brain
while successful in language and vision their adoption in eeg has lagged due to the heterogeneity of public datasets which are collected under varying protocols devices and electrode configurations
exploring liveability profiles and active
travel
human mobility
exploring liveability profiles and active travel patterns in london
collective adaptation whether in innovation adoption pro-environmental or organizational change emerges from the interplay between
individual
collective action
collective adaptation whether in innovation adoption pro-environmental or organizational change emerges from the interplay between individual decisions and social influence
a closed-form approximation-free control law is derived to ensure that each agent remains within its evolving stt thereby avoiding dynamic
obstacles
dynamic obstacles
a closed-form approximation-free control law is derived to ensure that each agent remains within its evolving stt thereby avoiding dynamic obstacles while also preventing inter-agent collisions in a socially aware manner and reaching the target within a prescribed time
accurate estimation of sea ice drift is critical for arctic
navigation
sea ice
accurate estimation of sea ice drift is critical for arctic navigation climate research and operational forecasting
part of the computational efficiency is realized in that the nonlinearity can be
expressed
spectral efficiency
part of the computational efficiency is realized in that the nonlinearity can be expressed as the fast fourier transform fft of samples of its forward scattering parameter i
we propose methodology to estimate the causal
effect
causal effect
we propose methodology to estimate the causal effect in the target domain where we assume to observe only the proxy variable
59 which is exponentially worse than the best known lower
bound
upper bound
59 which is exponentially worse than the best known lower bound of omega log m log log m by ashlagi et al
our study addresses the challenges inherent in calculating mixed fermion-boson systems and explores the potential of quantum
computing
quantum coherence
our study addresses the challenges inherent in calculating mixed fermion-boson systems and explores the potential of quantum computing to advance their analysis
we thus suggest a sparsely interacting collective of
cross-supervising
artificial neural
we thus suggest a sparsely interacting collective of cross-supervising networks as an algorithmic framework for representational learning and collective computation in the brain
concretely catg explicitly models the flow
matching
flow matching
concretely catg explicitly models the flow matching process which inherently mitigates mode collapse and allows for flexible guidance from various conditioning signals
for three decades statistical physics has been providing a framework to analyse
neural
neural network
for three decades statistical physics has been providing a framework to analyse neural networks
results inverted u-shaped associations between csf a beta and functional
connectivity
brain regions
results inverted u-shaped associations between csf a beta and functional connectivity were observed in the precuneus network and ventral default mode network dmn but not in the dorsal dmn indicating network-specific vulnerability to early amyloid pathology
as urban systems mature this growth advantage fades and
cities
large cities
as urban systems mature this growth advantage fades and cities of all sizes grow at similar rates
effect of an auditory static distractor on the
perception
visual stimuli
effect of an auditory static distractor on the perception of an auditory moving target
this paper also considers energy consumption in the path
planning
motion planning
this paper also considers energy consumption in the path planning of automated guided vehicles agvs
one of the key challenges in achieving this goal is to enable these systems to
manipulate
tool usage
one of the key challenges in achieving this goal is to enable these systems to manipulate objects and tools in a manner that is similar to that of humans
it is shown however that under control gain variation the safe set of these controllers is locally asymptotically stable which implies that their safety is sensitive to large but
bounded
bounded disturbances
it is shown however that under control gain variation the safe set of these controllers is locally asymptotically stable which implies that their safety is sensitive to large but bounded disturbances
we evaluate infoflow on multiple agentic search benchmarks where it significantly outperforms strong baselines enabling lightweight
llms
large language models llms
we evaluate infoflow on multiple agentic search benchmarks where it significantly outperforms strong baselines enabling lightweight llms to achieve performance comparable to advanced proprietary llms
5 a large-scale multimodal world model that
natively
large language
5 a large-scale multimodal world model that natively predicts the next state across vision and language
we describe how weak phase modulations applied to classical coherent light in specially modified
linear
nonlinear optical
we describe how weak phase modulations applied to classical coherent light in specially modified linear interferometers can be used to perform primitive computational tasks
the analysis is carried out using the surface density
derived
surface brightness
the analysis is carried out using the surface density derived from 1
automated control strategy for setting and stabilization of
photonic
coherent control
automated control strategy for setting and stabilization of photonic circuits
this article studies people interactions with groups and the emergence of
group
group size
this article studies people interactions with groups and the emergence of group proxemics
because observational inputs may be biased in ways unknown ex ante we develop a
minimax
minimax risk
because observational inputs may be biased in ways unknown ex ante we develop a minimax proportional regret objective that evaluates any candidate design relative to an oracle that knows the bias and jointly chooses the design and estimator
across 7 datasets wimhf identifies a small number of human-interpretable features that account for the majority of the
preference
preference optimization
across 7 datasets wimhf identifies a small number of human-interpretable features that account for the majority of the preference prediction signal achieved by black-box models
consciousness natural and artificial an evolutionary advantage for
reasoning
cognitive science
consciousness natural and artificial an evolutionary advantage for reasoning on reactive substrates