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The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses.
What is the leading cause of soil erosion?
A. glacier movement
B. volcanic explosions
C. running water
D. tidal winds
Answer: | C | sciq |
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses.
Consider a binary classification problem with classifier $f(\mathbf{x})$ given by $$ f(\mathbf{x})= \begin{cases}1, & g(\mathbf{x}) \geq 0 \\ -1, & g(\mathbf{x})<0\end{cases} $$ and $\mathbf{x} \in \mathbb{R}^{6}$. Consider a specific pair $(\mathbf{x}, y=1)$ and assume that $g(\mathbf{x})=8$. In particular this means that this point is classified correctly by $f$. Assume further that we have computed the gradient of $g$ at $\mathbf{x}$ to be $\nabla_{\mathbf{x}} g(\mathbf{x})=(+1,-2,+3,-4,+5,-6)$. You are allowed to make one step in order to (hopefully) find an adversarial example. In the following four questions, assume $\epsilon=1$. Which offset $\delta$ with $\|\delta\|_{\infty} \leq 1$ yields the smallest value for $g(\mathbf{x}+\delta)$, assuming that $g$ is (locally) linear?
A. $(+1,-2,+3,-4,+5,-6)$
B. $-(0,0,0,0,0,1)$
C. $(0,0,0,0,0,1)$
D. $(-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1)$
E. $(+1,+1,+1,+1,+1,+1)$
F. $(-1,+1,-1,+1,-1,+1)$
G. $(+1,-1,+1,-1,+1,-1)$
H. $(-1,+2,-3,+4,-5,+6)$
Answer: | F | m1_preference |
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses.
Consider a binary classification task as in Figure~\AMCref{fig:lr_data}, which consists of 14 two-dimensional linearly separable samples (circles corresponds to label $y=1$ and pluses corresponds to label $y=0$). We would like to predict the label $y=1$ of a sample $(x_1, x_2)$ when the following holds true
\[
\prob(y=1|x_1, x_2, w_1, w_2) = \frac{1}{1+\exp(-w_1x_1 -w_2x_2)} > 0.5
\]
where $w_1$ and $w_2$ are parameters of the model.
If we obtain the $(w_1, w_2)$ by optimizing the following objective
$$
- \sum_{n=1}^N\log \prob(y_n| x_{n1}, x_{n2}, w_1, w_2) + \frac{C}{2} w_2^2
$$
where $C$ is very large, then the decision boundary will be close to which of the following lines?
A. $x_1 + x_2 = 0$
B. $x_1 - x_2 = 0$
C. $x_1 = 0$
D. $x_2 = 0$
Answer: | A | m1_preference |
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses.
Consider an Sbox $S:\{0,1\}^m \rightarrow \{0,1\}^m$. We have that \ldots
A. $\mathsf{DP}^S(0,b)=1$ if and only if $S$ is a permutation.
B. $\sum_{b\in \{0,1\}^m} \mathsf{DP}^S(a,b)$ is even.
C. $\sum_{b\in \{0,1\}^m \backslash \{0\}} \mathsf{DP}^S(0,b)= 0$
D. $\mathsf{DP}^S(0,b)=1$ if and only if $m$ is odd.
Answer: | A | m1_preference |
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses.
Tick the \textbf{true} assertion. Let $X,Y$ be two random variables over the same probability space. Then,
A. $X$ is always independent from $Y$.
B. $E(XY)=E(X)\times E(Y)$, if $X$ and $Y$ are independent.
C. $\Pr[X = x \, \text{and} \, Y = y ] = \Pr[X = x ] \times \Pr[Y = y]$.
D. $X+Y$ does not make sense.
Answer: | A | m1_preference |
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses.
Examples of hypothesis is
A. September 11th was a terrorist attack
B. Rain falls from the sky
C. Fish swim in water
D. Drinking sugary drinks daily leads to obesity
Answer: | D | openbookqa |
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses.
Concentrations of what in the air have increased over the last 10 years dramatically
A. chlorofluorocarbons
B. fossil fuels
C. ozone
D. Greenhouse gases
E. Greenhouse gasses
F. oxygen
G. carbon dioxide
H. air molecules
Answer: | G | qasc |
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses.
A person will go through many stages in life, some more fun than others. Considering these stages, all are real aside from
A. physical maturation
B. infancy
C. fishinghood
D. childhood
Answer: | C | openbookqa |
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses.
what causes direct damage to the lungs?
A. cigarettes
B. burning
C. tissue
D. hypothyroidism
E. breathing
F. hydrogen
G. amoebae
H. influenza
Answer: | A | qasc |
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses.
Flowers provide substance for many animals like
A. Whales
B. Seals
C. Dolphins
D. squirrels
Answer: | D | openbookqa |
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses.
Which one of these is a closed set?
A. $\mathbb{Z}$ with the addition.
B. $\mathbb{Z}^\star$ with the addition.
C. $\mathbb{Z}^\star$ with the substaction.
D. $\mathbb{Z}-\{0\}$ with the division.
Answer: | A | m1_preference |
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses.
Which of the following hold(s) true about update deployment in the secure
development lifecycle?
A. Updates may bring new code that may be buggy, so additional
monitoring is required after deploying an update.
B. One motivation for automatic updates is for manufacturers to
ensure that users have the latest code installed.
C. You should always deploy third party updates automatically
and immediately in your project.
D. Not allowing rolling back to previous versions is necessary
in the Secure Development Lifecycle.
Answer: | A | m1_preference |
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses.
What can cause tsunamis when moved?
A. Physical weathering
B. Tectonic plates
C. tectonic distance
D. tectonic notes
E. an object
F. dinner plates
G. an external framework
H. Water expanding
Answer: | B | qasc |
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses.
Let $C$ be a perfect cipher with $\ell$-bit blocks. Then, \dots
A. for $x_1 \neq x_2$, $\Pr[C(x_1) = y_1, C(x_2)=y_2] = \frac{1}{2^{2\ell}}$.
B. the size of the key space of $C$ should be at least $(2^{\ell}!)$.
C. given pairwise independent inputs to $C$, the corresponding outputs are independent and uniformly distributed.
D. $C$ has an order $3$ decorrelation matrix which is equal to the order $3$ decorrelation matrix of a random function.
Answer: | A | m1_preference |
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses.
What field studies how animals behave in their habitats?
A. see details
B. sensory neurons
C. it's state
D. it needs them
E. heat or cold
F. Pesticides
G. Movement
H. ethologists
Answer: | H | qasc |
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses.
Thick the \emph{incorrect} assertion.
A. The goal of SAS-based cryptography is to reduce the length of the string that has to be authenticated.
B. One way to authenticate a SAS is to use your phone.
C. One can obtain a secure channel from a narrowband authenticated channel using SAS-based cryptography.
D. SAS-based cryptography always requires the SAS to be collision-resistant.
Answer: | A | m1_preference |
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses.
Suppose that q is density reachable from p. The chain of points that ensure this relationship are {t,u,g,r} Which one is FALSE?
A. {t,u,g,r} have to be all core points.
B. p and q will also be density-connected
C. p has to be a core point
D. q has to be a border point
Answer: | D | m1_preference |
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses.
What are the sharp projections that specialized cells grow called?
A. cilia
B. spicules
C. antlers
D. ossicles
Answer: | B | sciq |
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses.
The mole fraction of the solvent is just one minus the mole fraction of what?
A. molecules
B. nutrients
C. solution
D. solute
Answer: | D | sciq |
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses.
When waves of two different frequencies interfere, what phenomenon occurs?
A. soaking
B. beating
C. opening
D. making
Answer: | B | sciq |
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses.
What do we call the solid form of hydrocarbons?
A. coal
B. methane
C. bauxite
D. shale
Answer: | A | sciq |
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses.
The presence of what makes soil hold together more tightly and enables it to hold more water?
A. salt
B. glass
C. clay
D. sand
Answer: | C | sciq |
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses.
Tick the \textbf{false} statement. The Shannon Encryption Model ...
A. requires a black-box encryption model.
B. assumes a known input distribution.
C. assumes the key is independent from the message.
D. requires the correctness property $\Pr[C_K^{-1}(C_K(X))=X]=1$.
Answer: | A | m1_preference |
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses.
The Shannon theorem states that perfect secrecy implies...
A. $H(K)=H(X)$
B. $H(Y)\geq H(X)$
C. $H(K)\geq H(X)$
D. $H(Y)\leq H(X)$
Answer: | A | m1_preference |
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses.
Tick the \textit{incorrect} assertion. Let $P, V$ be an interactive system for a language $L\in \mathcal{NP}$.
A. The proof system is $\beta$-sound if $\Pr[\text{Out}_{V}(P^* \xleftrightarrow{x} V) = \text{accept}] \leq \beta$ for any $P^*$ and any $x \notin L$.
B. The soundness of the proof system can always be tuned close to $0$ by sequential composition.
C. It is impossible for the proof system to be sound and zero knowledge at the same time.
D. Both the verifier $V$ and the prover $P$ run in time that is polynomial in $|x|$, if we assume that $P$ gets the witness $w$ as an extra input.
Answer: | A | m1_preference |
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses.
What do organisms require to grow?
A. sunlight
B. wind
C. nitrogen
D. magnets
E. cellulose
F. nutrients
G. energy
H. mitosis
Answer: | G | qasc |
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses.
Alpha and beta decay occur when a nucleus has too many protons or an unstable ratio of what?
A. nucleus to neutrons
B. electrons to neutrons
C. protons to neutrons
D. atoms to neutrons
Answer: | C | sciq |
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses.
The elements of $\mathbf{Z}_{14}^*$ are
A. $\{ 0, 1, 3, 5, 9, 11, 13\}$
B. $\{ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13\}$
C. $\{ 1, 3, 5, 9, 11, 13\}$
D. $\{ 1, 2, 3, 9, 11 \}$
Answer: | A | m1_preference |
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses.
An object that can be used for measuring mass of an object is similar to what playground item?
A. forces
B. Slide
C. barrel
D. Seesaw
E. Merry-go-round
F. rockets
G. Monkey bars
H. matter
Answer: | D | qasc |
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses.
Female monotremes lack a uterus and vagina. instead they have what?
A. urethra
B. endometrium
C. placenta
D. cloaca
Answer: | D | sciq |
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses.
Which of the following is/are true about fuzzing?
A. Having too many initial seeds might harm fuzzing performance.
B. Fuzzing open-source software allows the analyst to modify the
target software to remove parts where the fuzzer might get stuck
(such as checksums).
C. When fuzzing open-source software, recompiling it with
mitigations disabled will improve the fuzzing process.
D. Fuzzing can only be applied to C/C++ programs.
Answer: | A | m1_preference |
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses.
Select the statements that are true.A penalty will be applied to any incorrect answers selected.
A. Information retrieval is the selection of documents relevant to a query from an unstructured collection of documents.
B. Different IR systems can differ in the way they represent documents, represent queries, and define the relevance measure between documents and queries.
C. The vector space model represents documents as vectors derived from the distribution of indexing terms in the document.
D. The dimensionality of the vector space does not depend on the size of the indexing vocabulary.
E. Use of filters during indexing results in less informative indexes.
Answer: | A | m1_preference |
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses.
What is the term for animals that eat producers to get energy?
A. secondary consumers
B. carnivores
C. predators
D. herbivores
Answer: | D | sciq |
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses.
What does DDT do to insects?
A. uncontrolled
B. feed them
C. kill them
D. Relieve pain
E. Dehydration
F. produce them
G. it needs them
H. shelter them
Answer: | C | qasc |
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses.
Clapping in an auditorium will yield this for a few moments afterwards:
A. solar flares
B. urine
C. indignant
D. echo
Answer: | D | openbookqa |
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses.
Molecules of what are encoded with instructions that tell cells what to do?
A. Earth revolving around the sun
B. A compound that donates proton
C. Something that comes in a bundle of fibers
D. A person's genetic fingerprint
E. characteristics
F. a hemisphere is tilted away from the sun
G. Electrical energy
H. it helps plants in growing
Answer: | D | qasc |
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses.
The primal formulation of the soft-margin SVM is NOT equivalent to $\ell_2$ adversarial training for a linear model trained with the hinge loss ($\ell(z) = \max\{0, 1 - z\}$).
A. True
B. False
Answer: | A | m1_preference |
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses.
(Stochastic Gradient Descent) One iteration of standard SGD for SVM, logistic regression and ridge regression costs roughly $\mathcal{O}(D)$, where $D$ is the dimension of a data point.
A. True
B. False
Answer: | A | m1_preference |
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses.
What may bend light rays?
A. fibers
B. prism
C. an ion
D. sun
E. a wave
F. lightbulb
G. forces
H. flashlight
Answer: | B | qasc |
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses.
When the body goes into survival mode, it's first priority is to produce enough of which substance for the brain?
A. plasma
B. blood
C. insulin
D. glucose
Answer: | D | sciq |
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses.
Seeds from a prickle bush can be moved across a continent if
A. foxes nap
B. sharks swim
C. birds die
D. gulls help
Answer: | D | openbookqa |
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses.
What do you call a substance that cannot be separated into smaller pieces, which is also defined by the number of protons it has?
A. element
B. atom
C. molecule
D. electrol
Answer: | A | sciq |
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses.
Consider the loss function $L: \R^d o \R$, $L(\wv) = rac{eta}{2}\|\wv\|^2$, where $eta > 0$ is a constant. We run gradient descent on $L$ with a stepsize $\gamma > 0$ starting from some $\wv_0
eq 0$. Which of the statements below is true?
A. Gradient descent converges to the global minimum for any stepsize $\gamma > 0$.
B. Gradient descent with stepsize $\gamma = rac{2}{eta}$ produces iterates that diverge to infinity ($\|\wv_t\| o \infty$ as $t o \infty$).
C. Gradient descent converges in two steps for $\gamma = rac{1}{eta}$ (i.e., $\wv_2$ is the extbf{first} iterate attaining the global minimum of $L$).
D. Gradient descent converges to the global minimum for any stepsize in the interval $\gamma \in ig( 0, rac{2}{eta}ig)$.
Answer: | A | m1_preference |
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses.
What lack a vertebral column?
A. snakes
B. cacti
C. eels
D. insects
E. Conifers
F. ferns
G. fish
H. snails
Answer: | H | qasc |
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses.
The way that squirrels put away food during the cool season ensures that they
A. survive
B. eat
C. live
D. grow
Answer: | A | openbookqa |
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses.
Cancer genes can be a what?
A. refract or absorb.
B. mistake in the gene
C. massive damage
D. fault of the protein
E. mistake in the wall
F. purpose of the cell
G. major threat to health
H. a lot of human deaths
Answer: | B | qasc |
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses.
What is the time complexity to perfom a left-to-right multiplication of two $\ell$-bit integers?
A. $\sqrt{\ell}$.
B. $\ell $.
C. $\ell ^2$.
D. $\ell ^3$.
Answer: | A | m1_preference |
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses.
dry wood easily what?
A. scorches
B. freezes
C. evaporates
D. melts
Answer: | A | openbookqa |
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses.
what type of vapor cooling causes that vapor to condense?
A. Dew
B. CO 2
C. CFCs
D. rain
E. SO2
F. H20
G. NaCl
H. h2o
Answer: | H | qasc |
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses.
What body covering does the animal that clucks have?
A. Skin
B. Feathers
C. Scales
D. Fur
Answer: | B | openbookqa |
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses.
A lizard that passed away centuries ago may be viewed most easily today in some ways through
A. globes
B. mirrors
C. telescopes
D. sediment
Answer: | D | openbookqa |
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses.
An HMM model would not be an appropriate approach to identify
A. Named Entities
B. Part-of-Speech tags
C. Concepts
D. Word n-grams
Answer: | D | m1_preference |
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses.
The chytrids the only class in the phylum chytridiomycota is the chytridiomycetes. the chytrids are the simplest and most primitive eumycota, or true this?
A. acids
B. fungi
C. organisms
D. proteins
Answer: | B | sciq |
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses.
Which of the following would best describe why a lizard would live in a desert?
A. it can eat bugs and withstand very cold weather
B. it can eat fish and withstand very cold weather
C. it can eat bugs and withstand very hot weather
D. it can eat fish and withstand very cold weather
Answer: | C | openbookqa |
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses.
What are large vesicles derived from the endoplasmic reticulum and golgi apparatus?
A. vacuoles
B. tubules
C. alleles
D. chloroplasts
Answer: | A | sciq |
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses.
Church booleans are a representation of booleans in the lambda calculus. The Church encoding of true and false are functions of two parameters: Church encoding of tru: t => f => t Church encoding of fls: t => f => f What should replace ??? so that the following function computes not(b and c)? b => c => b ??? (not b)
A. (not b)
B. (not c)
C. tru
D. fls
Answer: | B | m1_preference |
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses.
What do sudoriferous glands secrete?
A. sweat
B. moving
C. tissue
D. water
Answer: | A | sciq |
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses.
what type of function occurs when muscle contractions propel sperm from the epididymes?
A. motion
B. rapid expansion
C. kinetic
D. sympathetic
E. mechanical
F. movement
G. animal transport
H. matter vibrating
Answer: | D | qasc |
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses.
Let p(x,y) be the statement “x visits y”, where the domain of x consists of all the humans in the world and the domain of y consists of all the places in the world. Use quantifiers to express the following statement: There is a place in the world that has never been visited by humans.
A. ∃y ∀x ¬p(x,y)
B. ∀y ∃x ¬p(x,y)
C. ∀y ∀x ¬p(x,y)
D. ¬(∀y ∃x ¬p(x,y))
Answer: | A | m1_preference |
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses.
Prokaryotic cells have a cell wall located outside of the __________?
A. chloroplasts
B. plasma membrane
C. epidermis
D. chromosomes
Answer: | B | sciq |
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses.
If a sperm fertilizes an egg of a seed plant, the zygote grows into what?
A. sporophyte embryo
B. pulsation embryo
C. homostatic embyro
D. progeny embryo
Answer: | A | sciq |
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses.
An electrical device can be powered with what device?
A. direct energy
B. electrically
C. broken
D. electroverse
E. hydrogen and oxygen
F. operated
G. electromagnetic energy
H. electro-chemical
Answer: | H | qasc |
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses.
What does a beaver use to find something to munch on with?
A. antennas
B. teeth
C. gills
D. sense organs
Answer: | D | openbookqa |
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses.
What is the output of the following block of Python code? (one answer) \\
\verb|my_string = `computational'| \\
\verb|print(my_string[1])|\\
\verb|print(my_string[3:5])|
\vspace{0.25cm}
A. c\\mpu
B. c\\mp
C. o\\put
D. o\\pu
Answer: | A | m1_preference |
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses.
What has a positive impact on the environment?
A. Environmental ignorance.
B. Impact sports.
C. Ignoring waste.
D. water conservation
E. transportation technology
F. peachleaf willow
G. Converting waste.
H. Green beans
Answer: | G | qasc |
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses.
What are the complexities for the single-target dictionary attacks, when there are $N$ keys?
A. Preprocessing: $N$, Memory: $N$, Time: 1
B. Preprocessing: $N$, Memory: $1$, Time: $N$
C. Preprocessing: $1$, Memory: $N$, Time: $N$
D. Preprocessing: $0$, Memory: $1$, Time: $\sqrt{N}$
Answer: | A | m1_preference |
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses.
some animals remove their hair coverings for
A. naptime
B. lunchtime
C. mating season
D. scorching climates
Answer: | D | openbookqa |
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses.
Consider the loss function $L: \R^d o \R$, $L(\wv) = rac{eta}{2}\|\wv\|^2$, where $eta > 0$ is a constant. We run gradient descent on $L$ with a stepsize $\gamma > 0$ starting from some $\wv_0
eq 0$. Which of the statements below is true?
A. Gradient descent converges to the global minimum for any stepsize $\gamma > 0$.
B. Gradient descent with stepsize $\gamma = rac{2}{eta}$ produces iterates that diverge to infinity ($\|\wv_t\| o \infty$ as $t o \infty$).
C. Gradient descent converges in two steps for $\gamma = rac{1}{eta}$ (i.e., $\wv_2$ is the extbf{first} iterate attaining the global minimum of $L$).
D. Gradient descent converges to the global minimum for any stepsize in the interval $\gamma \in ig( 0, rac{2}{eta}ig)$.
Answer: | A | m1_preference |
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses.
Scraping the side of a cliff may result in
A. ice
B. snow
C. sand
D. wood chips
Answer: | C | openbookqa |
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses.
Parts of the Earth's crust being pushed together causes what?
A. magnetic shifts
B. erosion
C. friction
D. earthquakes
E. solar flares
F. moonquakes
G. global warming
H. Sediment
Answer: | D | qasc |
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses.
The Kerckhoffs principle states that the security of a cryptosystem should rely on the secrecy of\dots
A. the key only
B. the algorithm only
C. the channel only
D. the participants' identity only
Answer: | A | m1_preference |
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses.
Which is least likely to happen?
A. a human goes from teenager to adult
B. a human goes from child to preteen
C. a human goes from teenager to child
D. a human goes from infant to toddler
Answer: | C | openbookqa |
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses.
Tick the \emph{correct} assertion. Assume that $C$ is an arbitrary random permutation.
A. $\mathsf{BestAdv}_n(C,C^\ast)=\mathsf{Dec}^n_{\left|\left|\left|\cdot\right|\right|\right|_\infty}(C)$
B. $\mathsf{BestAdv}_n(C,C^\ast)=\mathsf{Dec}^{n/2}_{\left|\left|\left|\cdot\right|\right|\right|_\infty}(C)$
C. $E(\mathsf{DP}^{C}(a,b)) < \frac{1}{2}$
D. $\mathsf{BestAdv}_n(C,C^\ast)=\frac{1}{2}\mathsf{Dec}^n_{\left|\left|\cdot\right|\right|_a}(C)$
Answer: | A | m1_preference |
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses.
When egg laying and mating occur together, as in external fertilization, the certainty of what is high?
A. germination
B. high reproduction rate
C. survival
D. paternity
Answer: | D | sciq |
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses.
Let $(e,N)$ be the public parameters of the RSA cryptosystem. What is the advantage of taking a \emph{small} value for $e$?
A. The complexity of the parameters generation is smaller.
B. The complexity of the encryption step is smaller.
C. The complexity of the decryption step is smaller.
D. The whole system is stronger against several attacks.
Answer: | A | m1_preference |
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses.
What is extracted from rock by heap leaching, flotation, or smelting?
A. ore
B. methane
C. fuel
D. copper
Answer: | A | sciq |
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses.
Wind blown sand contributes to what type of erosion?
A. vegetation
B. filtration
C. sedimentary
D. abrasion
Answer: | D | sciq |
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses.
Which ancient fish has just two living species and is at risk of extinction?
A. coelacanths
B. latimeria
C. squids
D. hominids
Answer: | A | sciq |
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses.
Which of the following statements is correct in the context of information extraction?
A. A confidence measure that prunes too permissive patterns discovered with bootstrapping can help reducing semantic drift
B. The bootstrapping technique requires a dataset where statements are labelled
C. Distant supervision typically uses low-complexity features only, due to the lack of training data
D. For supervised learning, sentences in which NER has detected no entities are used as negative samples
Answer: | A | m1_preference |
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses.
To replenish the shade in a city that had been provided by trees that were felled by a storm:
A. grow gills and live on a raft
B. use a large lawn mower
C. get out your weed whacker
D. introduce replacement timber items
Answer: | D | openbookqa |
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses.
What is the region known as the myelencephalon in the embryonic brain?
A. medulla
B. Mesencephalon
C. Diencephalon
D. Telencephalon
Answer: | A | sciq |
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses.
Biomass, solar, wind, water, and geothermal power are examples of what kinds of energy resources?
A. electrical
B. renewable
C. mechanical
D. fossil fuel
Answer: | B | sciq |
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses.
If a tree falls then it is what?
A. alive
B. expired
C. lush
D. growing
Answer: | B | openbookqa |
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses.
Which of the following is correct regarding Louvain algorithm?
A. It creates a hierarchy of communities with a common root
B. Clique is the only topology of nodes where the algorithm detects the same communities, independently of the starting point
C. If n cliques of the same order are connected cyclically with n-1 edges, then the algorithm will always detect the same communities, independently of the starting point
D. Modularity is always maximal for the communities found at the top level of the community hierarchy
Answer: | C | m1_preference |
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses.
what conserves body heat with their hair or fur?
A. weathering
B. bears
C. snakes
D. dogs
E. ants
F. humans
G. monkeys
H. goats
Answer: | G | qasc |
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses.
Tearing an object changes its what?
A. temperature
B. configuration
C. moistness
D. elements
Answer: | B | openbookqa |
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses.
Once the grounds frost over and the air grows chilled
A. beaches are opened
B. humans go naked
C. birds lay eggs
D. roses die
Answer: | D | openbookqa |
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses.
Let us define the relation R = {(1, 1)} on the set A = {1, 2, 3}. Which of the following properties does R satisfy ? (multiple answers)
A. Reflexive
B. Symmetric
C. Anti-symmetric
D. Transitive
E. None of the other statements are valid
Answer: | A | m1_preference |
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses.
Called the powerhouses of the cell, what organelles are the site of cellular energy production?
A. mitochondria
B. cell wall
C. nucleus
D. mitosis
Answer: | A | sciq |
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses.
The Kerckhoffs principle states that the security of a cryptosystem should rely on the secrecy of\dots
A. the key only
B. the algorithm only
C. the channel only
D. the participants' identity only
Answer: | A | m1_preference |
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses.
Consider a source $S$ with some distribution $P_S$ over the alphabet $\mathcal{A} = \{a, b, c, d, e, f\}$. Bob designs a uniquely decodable code $\Gamma$ over a code alphabet $\mathcal{D}$ of size $D$ with following codeword lengths. egin{center}egin{tabular}{ |c|c|c|c|c|c|c| } \hline& $a$ & $b$ & $c$ & $d$ & $e$ & $f$ \ \hline$|\Gamma(\cdot)|$ & 1 & 1 & 2 & 2 & 3 & 3 \ \hline\end{tabular}\end{center} Which of the following is true?
A. The average codeword length of the code is necessarily greater than or equal to $H_D(S)$.
B. $\Gamma$ can be a binary code, i.e., $D$ can be $2$.
C. There exists a distribution $P_S$ such that the average codeword length of $\Gamma(\cdot)$ is equal to $H_D(S)$.
Answer: | A | m1_preference |
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses.
In x86, what are the possible ways to transfer arguments when invoking a system call? For example, in the following code, string and len are sys_cputs’s arguments.
A. Stack
B. Registers
C. Instructions
Answer: | A | m1_preference |
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses.
what do animals make with metabolism?
A. fat
B. carbohydrates
C. heat
D. magma
E. sugar
F. food
G. energy
H. Acids
Answer: | C | qasc |
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses.
What connects the fetus to the placenta?
A. amniotic sac
B. fallopian tube
C. umbilical cord
D. womb
Answer: | C | sciq |
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses.
Astronomers have wondered if the universe is expanding fast enough to escape the pull of what?
A. gravity
B. Coreolis effect
C. light
D. kinetic energy
Answer: | A | sciq |
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses.
Which of the following statements about symbolic execution is/are correct?
A. Symbolic execution can efficiently handle and solve constraints
in programs with simple logics but large input space.
B. State space explosion is a common challenge for symbolic
execution.
C. Symbolic execution can always accurately model a system's
environment (e.g., system calls, file I/O, and network I/O).
D. Symbolic execution requires actually running the target
program.
Answer: | A | m1_preference |
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses.
In artificial passive immunization, which items from an immune animal are injected into a nonimmune animal?
A. platelets
B. parasites
C. antibodies
D. allergies
Answer: | C | sciq |
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses.
Let $f:\R^D
ightarrow\R$ be an $L$-hidden layer multi-layer perceptron (MLP) such that
\[
f(xv)=\sigma_{L+1}ig(\wv^ op\sigma_L(\Wm_L\sigma_{L-1}(\Wm_{L-1}\dots\sigma_1(\Wm_1xv)))ig),
\]
with $\wv\in\R^{M}$, $\Wm_1\in\R^{M imes D}$ and $\Wm_\ell\in\R^{M imes M}$ for $\ell=2,\dots, L$, and $\sigma_i$ for $i=1,\dots,L+1$ is an entry-wise activation function. For any MLP $f$ and a classification threshold $ au$ let $C_{f, au}$ be a binary classifier that outputs YES for a given input $xv$ if $f(xv) \leq au$ and NO otherwise. space{3mm}
Which of the following techniques do \emph{not} improve the generalization performance in deep learning?
A. Data augmentation
B. L2 regularization
C. Dropout
D. Tuning the optimizer
E. None. All techniques here improve generalization.
Answer: | A | m1_preference |
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses.
Kidneys are a part of what system?
A. allow growth
B. excretory
C. respiratory
D. organ
E. complex
F. storing water
G. endocrine
H. circulatory
Answer: | B | qasc |
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses.
The term "environment of deposition" is useful for understanding the characteristics of what type of rock?
A. sedimentary
B. glacial
C. limestone
D. meteor
Answer: | A | sciq |
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