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The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses. Which of the following is true? A. switching from a truck to a moped will save gas B. switching from a moped to a truck will save gas C. switching from a car to an SUV will save gas D. switching from a car to a truck will save gas Answer:
A
openbookqa
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses. Slime molds found on rotting logs are what? A. bacteria B. Leptospirosis C. to stay warm D. bioaerosols E. parasites F. eukaryotes G. homogenous H. white Answer:
F
qasc
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses. Tick the \textbf{false} assertion. For a Vernam cipher... A. SUPERMAN can be the result of the encryption of the plaintext ENCRYPT B. CRYPTO can be used as a key to encrypt the plaintext PLAIN C. SERGE can be the ciphertext corresponding to the plaintext VAUDENAY D. The key IAMAKEY can be used to encrypt any message of size up to 7 characters Answer:
A
m1_preference
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses. What happens to the recessive traits in the offspring of a hybridization? A. they replicate B. remain recessive C. they disappear D. they dominate Answer:
C
sciq
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses. Which of the following functions \( f :\mathbb{Z} imes \mathbb{Z} o \mathbb{Z} \) are surjective? A. \( f(m,n)=m+n \) B. \( f(m,n)=m^2+n^2 \) C. \( f(m,n)=m \) D. \( f(m,n)=|n| \) Answer:
A
m1_preference
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses. Who invented linear cryptanalysis? A. Mitsuru Matsui B. Eli Biham C. Serge Vaudenay D. Adi Shamir Answer:
A
m1_preference
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses. A Carmichael number is A. a prime number which cannot pass the Rabin-Miller test. B. a composite number which often passes the Rabin-Miller test. C. a prime number which cannot pass the Fermat test. D. a composite number which often passes the Fermat test. Answer:
A
m1_preference
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses. Many pathogens spread by droplets in the air. droplets are released when a person does what? A. vomits or cries B. itches or scratches C. coughs or sneezes D. cries or laughs Answer:
C
sciq
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses. What are intervertebral discs made of? A. connective cartilage B. intercartilage C. fibrotissue D. fibrocartilage Answer:
D
sciq
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses. In which group is the discrete logarithm problem believed to be hard? A. In a subgroup of $\mathbb{Z}_p^*$ with large prime order. B. In $\mathbb{Z}_n$, where $n= pq$ for two large primes $p$ and $q$. C. In a group $G$ of smooth order. D. In $\mathbb{Z}_2^p$, for a large prime $p$. Answer:
A
m1_preference
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses. You are given the following collection of premises: If I go to the museum, it either rains or snows. I went to the museum on Saturday or I went to the museum on Sunday. It did not rain and it did not snow on Saturday. It did not rain on Sunday. Which conclusions can be drawn from these premises ? (more than one answer can be correct) A. I went to the museum on Sunday. B. It snowed on Sunday. C. I went to the museum on Saturday. D. It was warm on Saturday. Answer:
A
m1_preference
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses. Which assertion has not been proven? A. SAT $\in P$. B. SAT is $NP$-complete. C. SAT $\in NP$. D. SAT $\in IP$. Answer:
A
m1_preference
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses. Select the morpho-syntactic categories that do not carry much semantic content and are thus usually filtered-out from indexing. A. Determiners B. Conjunctions C. Nouns D. Adjectives E. Verbs Answer:
A
m1_preference
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses. What color light is actually the absence of electromagnetic waves in the visible spectrum, for humans? A. infrared light B. blue light C. ultraviolet light D. black light Answer:
D
sciq
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses. The ions in ionic compounds are arranged in rigid three-dimensional patterns called what? A. core lattices B. pattern lattices C. lattice groups D. crystal lattices Answer:
D
sciq
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses. Antibodies are large, Y-shaped proteins designed to bind with what? A. heat or cold B. Allergies C. major threat to health D. Veins and arteries. E. foreign proteins F. epidermis and dermis G. harmful substances H. wavelengths and photons Answer:
E
qasc
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses. If the top 100 documents contain 50 relevant documents A. the precision of the system at 50 is 0.25 B. the precision of the system at 100 is 0.5 C. the recall of the system is 0.5 D. All of the above Answer:
B
m1_preference
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses. What is the complexity of prime number generation for a prime of length $\ell$? A. $\mathbf{O}\left(\frac{1}{\ell^4}\right)$ B. $\mathbf{O}(\ell^4)$ C. $\Theta\left(\frac{1}{\ell^4}\right)$ D. $\Theta(\ell^4)$ Answer:
A
m1_preference
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses. The fujita scale measures the intensity of what weather event, based on wind speed and damage? A. tornado B. sandstorm C. wind gust D. blizzard Answer:
A
sciq
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses. What organelles are known as the energy "powerhouses" of the cells? A. mitochondria B. carbohydrates C. atoms D. proteins Answer:
A
sciq
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses. Which of the following is correct regarding the use of Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) for entity recognition in text documents? Question Options: 1. The cost of learning the model is quadratic in the lengths of the text. 2. The cost of predicting a word is linear in the lengths of the text preceding the word. 3. An HMM model can be built using words enhanced with morphological features as input. 4. The label of one word is predicted based on all the previous labels A. The cost of learning the model is quadratic in the lengths of the text. B. The cost of predicting a word is linear in the lengths of the text preceding the word. C. An HMM model can be built using words enhanced with morphological features as input. D. The label of one word is predicted based on all the previous labels Answer:
C
m1_preference
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses. Bats might use what to get home A. a map B. time travel C. their voice D. their magic Answer:
C
openbookqa
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses. Which of the following, when plugged into an outlet, completes a circuit? A. gold B. glass C. plastic D. rubber Answer:
A
openbookqa
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses. Dehydrating food is used to make it what? A. last longer B. survive C. go bad D. burn up E. get started F. throw out G. Relieve pain H. dormant state Answer:
A
qasc
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses. A what is used to keep food warm or to heat it up? A. heat B. gas C. pan D. foil E. freezer F. fur G. bag H. jacket Answer:
C
qasc
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses. A phase diagram plots temperature and what else? A. pressure B. movement C. power D. friction Answer:
A
sciq
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses. Release of spores in a suitable environment will lead to germination and a new generation of what? A. gametophytes B. seeds C. filaments D. assemblages Answer:
A
sciq
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses. Materials that react with other substances to delivery energy, and derived from the remains of living organisms are A. excellent for the environment B. a resource being depleted C. never going to run out D. hardly used anywhere by anyone Answer:
B
openbookqa
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses. Tick the \emph{false} answer. In a group, the operation\dots A. is commutative B. is associative. C. has a neutral element. D. associates an inverse to each value. Answer:
A
m1_preference
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses. What is the most common life form in the ocean? A. plankton B. algae C. kelp D. coral Answer:
A
sciq
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses. What does harming an organism cause? A. population increase B. change in appearance C. population decrease D. nothing Answer:
C
openbookqa
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses. Why is XML a document model? A. It supports application-specific markup B. It supports domain-specific schemas C. It has a serialized representation D. It uses HTML tags Answer:
C
m1_preference
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses. Church booleans are a representation of booleans in the lambda calculus. The Church encoding of true and false are functions of two parameters: Church encoding of tru: t => f => t Church encoding of fls: t => f => f What does the following function implement? b => c => b (not c) c A. not c B. b xor c C. b or c D. b and c E. not(b and c) Answer:
B
m1_preference
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses. Vertebrates with four limbs are also called what? A. tetrapods B. Amphibians C. Birds D. Mammals Answer:
A
sciq
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses. What is the largest class of elements? A. oils B. metals C. organics D. acids Answer:
B
sciq
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses. what can animals use a long tail to move through? A. beavers B. rain C. bogs D. h2o E. carbon F. H20 G. oxygen H. Aves Answer:
D
qasc
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses. What's the name for an atom that has gained or lost an electron? A. isotope B. neutrino C. an ion D. an photon Answer:
C
sciq
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses. Let $(G,+), (H,\times)$ be two groups and $f:G\to H$ be an homomorphism. For $x_1,x_2 \in G$, we have: A. $f(x_1) + f(x_2)=f(x_1)\times f(x_2)$ B. $f(x_1 + x_2)=f(x_1)\times f(x_2)$ C. $f(x_1 + f(x_2))=f(x_1\times f(x_2))$ D. $f(x_1 \times x_2)=f(x_1)+ f(x_2)$ Answer:
A
m1_preference
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses. A passive adversary\dots A. can only listen to the communications. B. can play the man-in-the-middle. C. can only alter messages. D. can delete messages. Answer:
A
m1_preference
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses. What is the term for matter that does not let any light pass through it, whether it absorbs light, reflects light, or does both? A. artificial B. devoid C. obscene D. opaque Answer:
D
sciq
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses. Which of the following circuits does not change an input difference. A. A XOR to a constant gate. B. An SBox. C. A shift of all bits by one position to the right. D. A non-linear circuit. Answer:
A
m1_preference
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses. Birds feed their babies by A. telepathy B. flying C. osmosis D. regurgitation Answer:
D
openbookqa
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses. What force increases a slide downhill and decreases a slide uphill? A. frictional B. tension C. nuclear D. gravity Answer:
D
sciq
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses. Audible ground fireworks convert chemical energy into what? A. Light B. chemical energy C. matter D. plasma E. sound F. energy G. heat H. fire Answer:
E
qasc
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses. Chemical changes occur because of what? A. evaporation B. liquid reactions C. toxic reactions D. chemical reactions Answer:
D
sciq
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses. When a bear eats berries he will be contributing to what process? A. food for young B. hunters C. seed propagation D. hunger Answer:
C
openbookqa
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses. What causes night on a planet? A. clouds B. speed C. Winter D. rotation E. Solar energy F. axis G. heat energy H. wind Answer:
D
qasc
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses. What in orange juice makes it taste sour? A. citric acid B. acetic acid C. carbonation D. amino acid Answer:
A
sciq
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses. The substances that comprise heterogeneous mixtures can also be separated by what means? A. physical B. chemical C. thermal D. atmospheric Answer:
A
sciq
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses. Who invented linear cryptanalysis? A. Mitsuru Matsui B. Eli Biham C. Serge Vaudenay D. Adi Shamir Answer:
A
m1_preference
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses. What will reflect more light? A. a black bag B. a yellow shirt C. a blue shirt D. brown shoes Answer:
B
openbookqa
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses. Which generation of a plant is generally larger and longer-lived? A. main generation B. alpha generation C. dominant generation D. effective generation Answer:
C
sciq
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses. What are the organelles on which proteins are made during protein synthesis called? A. mitochondria B. lysosomes C. ribosomes D. fibroblasts Answer:
C
sciq
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses. What disease is given as an example of a sex-linked trait? A. hypertension B. arthritis C. hemophilia D. emphysema Answer:
C
sciq
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses. What can affect genes that control the cell cycle? A. Leptospirosis B. acetic acid C. water vapor D. Smoking E. butter F. radiation G. resistance H. gasoline Answer:
F
qasc
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses. What do animals require to move? A. babies B. food C. warmth D. air E. oven F. heat G. oxygen H. children Answer:
B
qasc
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses. What is produced when sulfur and oxygen combine? A. ethanol oxides B. sulfur oxides C. treatment oxides D. Solid oxides Answer:
B
sciq
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses. The test loss of logistic regression is always zero. A. TRUE B. FALSE Answer:
B
m1_preference
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses. What is the final stage of cell division in eukaryotes as well as prokaryotes? A. Division of the cytoplasm B. tectonic plates being pushed together C. It helps them survive D. rapid expansion E. Leptospirosis F. Veins and arteries. G. the wearing away of rock H. By wind and rain Answer:
A
qasc
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses. Recall that we say that a kernel $K: \R imes \R ightarrow \R $ is valid if there exists $k \in \mathbb{N}$ and $\Phi: \R ightarrow \R^k$ such that for all $(x, x') \in \R imes \R $, $K(x, x') = \Phi(x)^ op \Phi(x')$. The kernel $K(x, x') = \cos(x + x')$ is a valid kernel. A. True B. False Answer:
A
m1_preference
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses. Which is most likely to occur? A. a female fly lays eggs while it is an adult B. a female fly lays eggs while it is a larvae C. a male fly lays eggs while it is an adult D. a male fly lays eggs while it is a larvae Answer:
A
openbookqa
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses. Consider 3 regular expressions \(A\), \(B\), and \(C\), such that:the sets of strings recognized by each of the regular expressions is non empty;the set of strings recognized by \(B\) is included in the set of strings recognized by \(A\);some strings are recognized simultaneously by \(A\) and by \(C\); andno string is recognized simultaneously by \(B\) and \(C\).Which of the following statements are true?(where, for a regular expression \(X\),  \((X)\) denotes the transducer which associates every string recognized by \(X\) to itself)(Penalty for wrong ticks) A. Any string recognized by \(A\) but not by \(B\) is a left string in an association recognized by the transducer \((A)(C)\) B. Any string recognized by \(B\) is (at least) associated to itself by the transducer \(A\otimes B\) C. \((A\otimes B)\circ (C)\) recognizes a non empty set of string associations D. \((B\otimes A)\circ (C)\) recognizes a non empty set of string associations Answer:
A
m1_preference
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses. After several months, a cardboard box left outside is all misshapen and has holes in it A. the elements broke it down B. radiation completely destroyed it C. an elf messed with the box D. bees ate holes in it Answer:
A
openbookqa
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses. Given a function $f:\left\{ 0,1 \right\}^p \rightarrow \left\{ 0,1 \right\}^q$, given $a\in\left\{ 0,1 \right\}^p$ and $b \in \left\{ 0,1 \right\}^q$, we define $DP^{f}(a,b) = \Pr_{X}[f(X \oplus a) = f(X) \oplus b]$. We have that $\ldots$ A. $DP^f(0,b) = 1$ if and only if $b \not= 0$. B. $DP^f(a,a) =1$. C. $\sum_{a \in \{0,1\}^p} \sum_{b \in \{0,1\}^q} DP^f(a,b)= 2^p $. D. when $f$ is a permutation and $p=q$, $DP^f(a,0) = 1$. Answer:
A
m1_preference
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses. Which of the following is well preserved by 2G? A. Confidentiality B. Message Integrity C. Challenge freshness D. Authentication of Mobile Station Answer:
A
m1_preference
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses. Select what is true about the Baum-Welch algorithm.A penalty will be applied for any incorrect answers. A. It uses expectation maximization to estimate parameters of the Hidden Markov Model. B. The algorithm always converges towards a global maximum of the parameters estimated. C. The resulting parameters from the algorithm do not depend on the values the parameters are initialized with. D. If we have few word sequences annotated with PoS tags, we can use these data to set, in a supervised manner, the initial parameters of the Baum-Welch algorithm. E. You cannot randomly initialize the parameters of the algorithm. Answer:
A
m1_preference
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses. Which of the following is an acceptable commitment scheme, i.e., one that verifies the hiding and binding property (for a well chosen primitive and suitable $x$ and $r$): A. $Commit(x;r) = Enc_r(x)$, where $Enc_r$ is a symmetric encryption scheme with key $r$. B. $Commit(x;r) = H(x)$, where $H$ is a hash function. C. $Commit(x;r) = x \oplus r$, where $\oplus$ is the bitwise xor operation. D. $Commit(x;r) = H(r\|x)$, where $H$ is a hash function and $\|$ denotes the concatenation. Answer:
A
m1_preference
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses. Assume we have $N$ training samples $(\xx_1, y_1), \dots, (\xx_N, y_N)$ where for each sample $i \in \{1, \dots, N\}$ we have that $\xx_i \in \R^d$ and $y_i \in \R$. For $\lambda \geq 0$, we consider the following loss: L_{\lambda}(\ww) = rac{1}{N} \sum_{i = 1}^N (y_i - \xx_i^ op \ww)^2 + \lambda \Vert \ww \Vert_2, and let $C_\lambda = \min_{\ww \in \R^d} L_{\lambda}(\ww)$ denote the optimal loss value. Which of the following statements is extbf{true}: A. For $\lambda = 0$, the loss $L_{0}$ is convex and has a unique minimizer. B. $C_\lambda$ is a non-increasing function of $\lambda$. C. $C_\lambda$ is a non-decreasing function of $\lambda$. D. None of the statements are true. Answer:
A
m1_preference
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses. For this question, one or more assertions can be correct. Tick only the correct assertion(s). There will be a penalty for wrong assertions ticked.Which of the following associations can be considered as illustrative examples for inflectional morphology (with here the simplifying assumption that canonical forms are restricted to the roots only)? A. (activate, action) B. (hypothesis, hypotheses) C. (to go, went) D. (speaking, talking) Answer:
A
m1_preference
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses. Where does visible light fall in between on the electromagnetic spectrum? A. infrared light and gamma ray B. infrared light and ultraviolet light C. infrared light and specific light D. radio and infrared Answer:
B
sciq
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses. What will happen to a badge in the sun? A. body temperature reduces B. Warm air moving into cold air C. reflecting light D. They may not survive. E. heat is produced F. depress neuronal excitability G. it will absorb solar energy H. It gets heated up Answer:
G
qasc
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses. Daemons are just long running processes. When applying mitigations to these processes, several aspects change. Which ones? A. ASLR becomes less effective as multiple requests across different users are handled in a single process. B. Stack canaries become less effective as multiple requests are handled by the same thread. C. DEP becomes less effective as compiler optimizations are turned on, allowing the attacker to inject new code. D. CFI becomes less effective as the concurrent clients cause more targets to be available. Answer:
A
m1_preference
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses. While in the lungs, blood gives up carbon dioxide and picks up what element before returning to the heart? A. oxygen B. hydrogen C. nitrogen D. methane Answer:
A
sciq
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses. Female birds sit in what? A. assorted materials B. trash cans C. chimneys D. boxes Answer:
A
openbookqa
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses. where do fluid in the kidneys collect? A. bowels B. ducts C. alveoli D. liquid E. solutes F. tubes G. arteries H. matter Answer:
B
qasc
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses. What does water turn into after boiling? A. gas B. Dew C. lake D. solid E. oxygen F. liquid G. oil H. salt Answer:
A
qasc
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses. Which of the following statements about fuzzing is/are correct? A. Generational fuzzing requires more manual work (to specify the generator policies) than mutational fuzzing, but can generate high-quality seeds. B. Blackbox fuzzers can make use of initial seeds. C. Greybox fuzzing is always the better alternative to blackbox fuzzing. D. Greybox fuzzing keeps track of concrete program paths to abstract behavior. Answer:
A
m1_preference
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses. heat and pressure change the remains of what into natural gas? A. leaves B. cans C. books D. cars Answer:
A
openbookqa
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses. Consider a binary classification problem with classifier $f(\mathbf{x})$ given by $$ f(\mathbf{x})= \begin{cases}1, & g(\mathbf{x}) \geq 0 \\ -1, & g(\mathbf{x})<0\end{cases} $$ and $\mathbf{x} \in \mathbb{R}^{6}$. Consider a specific pair $(\mathbf{x}, y=1)$ and assume that $g(\mathbf{x})=8$. In particular this means that this point is classified correctly by $f$. Assume further that we have computed the gradient of $g$ at $\mathbf{x}$ to be $\nabla_{\mathbf{x}} g(\mathbf{x})=(+1,-2,+3,-4,+5,-6)$. You are allowed to make one step in order to (hopefully) find an adversarial example. In the following four questions, assume $\epsilon=1$. Which offset $\delta$ with $\|\delta\|_{\infty} \leq 1$ yields the smallest value for $g(\mathbf{x}+\delta)$, assuming that $g$ is (locally) linear? A. $(+1,-2,+3,-4,+5,-6)$ B. $-(0,0,0,0,0,1)$ C. $(0,0,0,0,0,1)$ D. $(-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1)$ E. $(+1,+1,+1,+1,+1,+1)$ F. $(-1,+1,-1,+1,-1,+1)$ G. $(+1,-1,+1,-1,+1,-1)$ H. $(-1,+2,-3,+4,-5,+6)$ Answer:
F
m1_preference
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses. What is one thing most single-celled organisms have in common? A. Energy B. glucose C. bacteria D. motility E. Energy. F. heat energy G. resistance H. warmth Answer:
D
qasc
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses. What vessels supply blood to the myocardium and other components of the heart? A. surface arteries B. rapid arteries C. coronary arteries D. specialized arteries Answer:
C
sciq
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses. An ivory page will be able to A. feed a family B. make some money C. reflect all light D. eat a cookie Answer:
C
openbookqa
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses. Fires with good air circulation will what? A. grow B. kill C. shrink D. burn E. expand F. be cold G. deadly H. extinguish Answer:
D
qasc
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses. You are given the task of choosing the parameters of a hash function. What value of the output will you recommend in order to be minimal and secure against second preimage attacks? A. 40 bits B. 80 bits C. 160 bits D. 320 bits Answer:
A
m1_preference
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses. Consider a binary classification problem with a linear classifier $f(\mathbf{x})$ given by $$ f(\mathbf{x})= \begin{cases}1, & \mathbf{w}^{\top} \mathbf{x} \geq 0 \\ -1, & \mathbf{w}^{\top} \mathbf{x}<0\end{cases} $$ where $\mathbf{x} \in \mathbb{R}^{3}$. Suppose that the weights of the linear model are equal to $\mathbf{w}=(4,0,-3)$. For the next two questions, we would like to find a minimum-norm adversarial example. Specifically, we are interested in solving the following optimization problem, for a given $\mathbf{x}$ : $$ \min _{\boldsymbol{\delta} \in \mathbb{R}^{3}}\|\boldsymbol{\delta}\|_{2} \quad \text { subject to } \quad \mathbf{w}^{\top}(\mathbf{x}+\boldsymbol{\delta})=0 $$ This leads to the point $\mathbf{x}+\boldsymbol{\delta}$ that lies exactly at the decision boundary and the perturbation $\boldsymbol{\delta}$ is the smallest in terms of the $\ell_{2}$-norm. What is the optimum $\delta^{\star}$ that minimizes the objective in Eq. (OP) for the point $\mathbf{x}=$ $(-1,3,2) ?$ A. $(1,-1,0)$ B. $(0,-1,1)$ C. $(-2,0,0)$ D. $(1.2,0,1.6)$ E. Other F. $(0,2,0)$ G. $(-1.2,0,1.6)$ Answer:
E
m1_preference
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses. What is the nickname of the best-known geyser in the world, which erupts reliably every 90 minutes? A. old consistent B. old energetic C. old faithful D. victoria falls Answer:
C
sciq
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses. Maintaining the order of document identifiers for vocabulary construction when partitioning the document collection is important A. in the index merging approach for single node machines B. in the map-reduce approach for parallel clusters C. in both D. in neither of the two Answer:
A
m1_preference
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses. Consider a hash function $H$ with $n$ output bits. Tick the \emph{incorrect} assertion. A. Due to birthday paradox, an output collision of $H$ can be found much faster than with running time $2^n$. B. It is possible to find an output collision of $H$ with $O(2^{\frac{n}{2}})$ memory and $O(2^{\frac{n}{2}})$ running time. C. It is possible to find an output collision of $H$ with $O(1)$ memory and $O(2^{\frac{n}{2}})$ running time. D. It is possible to find an output collision of $H$ with $O(2^{\frac{n}{2}})$ memory and $O(1)$ running time. Answer:
A
m1_preference
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses. Where do most skin structures originate in? A. hypodermis B. cuticle C. dermis D. epidermis Answer:
C
sciq
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses. What can attract copper? A. photons B. colors C. Energy. D. magnetism E. flowers F. hormones G. Light H. electrically Answer:
D
qasc
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses. what increases the rate of metabolism in cells? A. heat energy B. heating liquids C. Smoking D. adding heat E. cigarettes F. smoking cigarettes G. Graves disease H. Dehydration Answer:
G
qasc
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses. What has primary and secondary meristems for growth in length and width? A. swamp vegetation B. rocks C. epidermal D. Conifers E. peachleaf willow F. the Moon G. most plants H. leaves Answer:
G
qasc
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses. You are given two distributions over $\mathbb{R}$ : Uniform on the interval $[a, b]$ and Gaussian with mean $\mu$ and variance $\sigma^{2}$. Their respective probability density functions are $$ p_{\mathcal{U}}(y \mid a, b):=\left\{\begin{array}{ll} \frac{1}{b-a}, & \text { for } a \leq y \leq b, \\ 0 & \text { otherwise } \end{array} \quad p_{\mathcal{G}}\left(y \mid \mu, \sigma^{2}\right):=\frac{1}{\sqrt{2 \pi \sigma^{2}}} \exp \left(-\frac{(y-\mu)^{2}}{2 \sigma^{2}}\right)\right. $$ Which one(s) belong to the exponential family? A. Only Uniform. B. Both of them. C. Only Gaussian. D. None of them. Answer:
C
m1_preference
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses. The ancient greek philosopher aristotle thought that all matter consists of just four what, which he identified as earth, air, water, and fire? A. elements B. structures C. compounds D. ingredients Answer:
A
sciq
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses. Whenever I want to use Z-Score standardization (also known as normalization), I should use the mean and standard deviation of the training set to normalize my training, validation, and test set. A. TRUE B. FALSE Answer:
A
m1_preference
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses. what have special structures for penetrating a host? A. amoeba B. bats C. mammals D. sound waves E. gamma rays F. ferns G. mold H. maples Answer:
G
qasc
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses. What are formed as rivers become deeper and wider? A. sinkholes B. soils C. body water D. loose soil E. craters F. mountains G. canyons H. Sediment Answer:
G
qasc
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses. The Earth revolving around the Sun causes A. flow of electrons B. tides to rise and fall C. daylight changes D. scattered light E. dry conditions F. plate movements G. wind direction H. global warming Answer:
C
qasc
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses. Under which condition is an element $x\in \mathbb{Z}_n$ invertible? A. $\mathsf{gcd}(x,\varphi (n)) = 1$. B. $\mathsf{gcd}(x,n-1) = 1$. C. $\mathsf{gcd}(x,n) = 1$. D. $\mathsf{gcd}(x,n) \ne 1$. Answer:
A
m1_preference
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about knowledge and skills in advanced master-level STEM courses. Consisting of a stigma, style, and ovary, the pistil of a flower is what type of organ? A. female immune organ B. female respiratory organ C. female neural organ D. female reproductive organ Answer:
D
sciq