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[ "After 1609 , the Ryukyuan kings were forced to be vassals of the Shimazu clan of Satsuma and the islands were occasionally viewed as a province of Japan .", "After this , the Ryukyuan kings were forced to pay annual tribute to the Shimazu clan of Satsuma Province ." ]
[ "The game engine is free and open-source software , under the zlib License , with commercial support available from the developer 's own business counterpart , Dot3 Labs .", "The game engine is free and open source software , under the Zlib License , with commercial support available from the developer 's own bus...
[ "The game started as a redesign of the original Cube game engine , and its first , developer-only , release was made on February 27 , 2004 .", "The game started as a redesign to the original Cube Engine , and its first release was made on May 6 , 2004 ." ]
[ "Cube 2 : Sauerbraten ( German for `` sour roast '' , also known as Sauer ) is a cross-platform , Quake-like first-person shooter that runs on Microsoft Windows , Linux , FreeBSD and Mac OS X using OpenGL and SDL .", "Sauerbraten ( also known as Cube 2 or Sauer , German for `` sour roast '' ) is a cross-platform ...
[ "The game features single-player and multiplayer gameplay and contains an in-game level editor .", "The game features single-player and multiplayer game play and contains an in-game level editor , its main feature ." ]
[ "The game currently has singleplayer and multiplayer .", "The game has singleplayer and multiplayer modes ." ]
[ "Although none of its members won the Stanley Cup following the realignment until the Boston Bruins ' title in 2011 , its members accounted for a combined 43 Stanley Cup championships ( 24 by Montreal , 13 by Toronto and 6 by Boston ) , which was the most championships of any division in the NHL prior to 2013 .", ...
[ "The NHL 's Northeast Division was formed in 1993 as part of the Eastern Conference in a league realignment .", "The NHL 's Northeast Division was formed in 1993 as part of the Eastern Conference in a league adjustment , the predecessor of which was the Adams Division ." ]
[ "1 \\ / km ² 2 \\ / Population per km ² , population data from ssb ; 3 \\ / Orkdal has been added to region due to new road completed The new road to Orkdal was recently completed , shortening the driving time between Trondheim and Orkanger with some 15 minutes , adding Orkdal to the region .", "1 \\ / km ² 2 \\ ...
[ "The Trondheim Region is a statistical metropolitan region in the counties of Sør-Trøndelag ( population : 235,758 ) and Nord-Trøndelag ( 24,606 ) in Norway .", "The Trondheim Region is a statistical metropolitan area in the counties of Sør-Trøndelag ( population : 223,363 ) and Nord-Trøndelag ( 23,388 ) in Norwa...
[ "Activation energy may also be defined as the minimum energy required to start a chemical reaction .", "The activation energy of a chemical reaction is the minimum energy that is needed to make the reaction happen ." ]
[ "A substance that modifies the transition state to lower the activation energy is termed a catalyst ; a biological catalyst is termed an enzyme .", "When using a catalyst the activation energy is made smaller ." ]
[ "From the Arrhenius equation , the activation energy can be expressed as where A is the frequency factor for the reaction , R is the universal gas constant , T is the temperature ( in kelvin ) , and k is the reaction rate coefficient .", "Its form is : Here , k is the rate constant of the reaction ( which can be ...
[ "In addition , while the catalyst lowers the activation energy , it does not change the energies of the original reactants or products .", "The catalyst does not change the energy of the reagents or the products ." ]
[ "Freyr ( sometimes anglicized Frey , from \\* frawjaz `` lord '' ) is one of the most important gods of Norse paganism .", "Freyr is one of the most important Norse gods ." ]
[ "In 2001 , the Irish state opened a guest residence nearby in Farmleigh , a former Guinness family mansion .", "In 2001 , the Irish state opened a guest residence nearby in Farmleigh , a former Guinness mansion ." ]
[ "Áras an Uachtaráin is open for free tours every Saturday .", "Áras an Uachtaráin is now open for free tours every Saturday ." ]
[ "The original house was designed by park ranger and amateur architect , Nathaniel Clements , in the mid-eighteenth century .", "The original house was designed by park ranger and amateur architect , Nathaniel Clements in the mid eighteenth century ." ]
[ "Later presidents moved to the new residential wing attached to the main house that had been built on for the visit of King George V in 1911 .", "Later presidents moved to the new wing attached to the main house that had been built on for the visit of King George V in 1911 ." ]
[ "During the Social Season ( January to St. Patrick 's Day in March ) , he lived in state in Dublin Castle .", "During the Social Season ( January to St. Patrick 's Day in March ) he lived in Dublin Castle ." ]
[ "The Lord Lieutenant , the 5th Earl Spencer , heard the victims ' screams from a window in the ground floor drawing room .", "The Lord Lieutenant , the 5th Earl Spencer , heard the victims screams from a ground floor window in the drawing room ." ]
[ "The house in the park later became the Viceregal Lodge , the `` out of season '' residence of the Lord Lieutenant ( also known as the Viceroy ) , where he lived for most of the year from the 1820s onwards .", "The house in the park then became the Viceregal Lodge , the `` out of season '' residence of the Lord L...
[ "It is located in the Phoenix Park on the northside of Dublin .", "It is in the Phoenix Park on the northside of Dublin ." ]
[ "In 1882 , its grounds became the location for two famous murders .", "In 1882 , the grounds around the house became the location for a famous murder ." ]
[ "Various visiting British monarchs stayed at the Viceregal Lodge , notably Queen Victoria and George V. American presidents hosted here include Presidents John F. Kennedy , Richard Nixon , Ronald Reagan , Bill Clinton and Barack Obama all partly of Irish descent .", "Various visiting British kings and queens stay...
[ "Although it has ninety-two rooms , many of these are used for storage of presidential files , for household staff and official staff , including military aides-de-camp , a Secretary to the President ( somewhat equivalent to Chief of Staff in the White House , except it is a permanent civil service position ) and a...
[ "In 1911 , the house underwent a large extension for the visit of George V and Queen Mary .", "In 1911 , the house got a large extension for the visit of King George V and Queen Mary ." ]
[ "The outbreak of World War II saved the building , which had been renamed Áras an Uachtaráin ( meaning house of the president in Irish ) , from demolition , as plans for its demolition and the design of a new residence were put on hold .", "The outbreak of World War II saved the building , which had been renamed ...
[ "It remained the residence of the Governor-General of the Irish Free State until 1932 , when the new Governor-General , Domhnall Ua Buachalla , was installed in a specially hired private mansion in the southside of Dublin .", "After that the new Governor-General , Domhnall Ua Buachalla , personally leased a priva...
[ "The Chief Secretary for Ireland ( the British Cabinet minister with responsibility for Irish affairs ) , Lord Frederick Cavendish , and his Undersecretary ( chief civil servant ) , Thomas Henry Burke , were stabbed to death with surgical knives while walking back to the residence from Dublin Castle .", "They wer...
[ "Áras an Uachtaráin ( Irish pronunciation : ( ˈɑːrəs ən ˈuəxt̪ərɑːnʲ ) ) , formerly the Viceregal Lodge , is the official residence of the President of Ireland .", "Áras an Uachtaráin ( Irish pronunciation : ( ˈɑːrəs ən ˈuəxt̪ərɑːnʲ ) ) , is the official home of the President of Ireland ." ]
[ "Her successor , Mary McAleese lived in the 1911 wing .", "The current occupant , Mary McAleese lives in the 1911 wing ." ]
[ "By 1945 it had become too closely identified with the presidency of Ireland to be demolished , though its poor condition meant that extensive demolition and rebuilding of parts of the building were necessary , notably the kitchens , servants ' quarters and chapel .", "By 1945 it had become too closely identified...
[ "The Viceregal Lodge , the Chief Secretary 's Lodge and the Under Secretary 's Lodge .", "It used to be known as the Viceregal Lodge ." ]
[ "In his later years , he worked against local antisemitism through an association for adult education called the Oberhessischer Verein für Volksbildung ( OVV ) , founded in 1893 with his second wife , Hulda Meister .", "In his later years , he worked against local antisemitism through an association called the Ob...
[ "By the middle of the 1880s , Masoch abandoned the Legacy of Cain .", "By the middle of the 1880s , Masoch had abandoned the Legacy of Cain ." ]
[ "From the 1860s to the 1880s he published a number of volumes of Jewish Short Stories , Polish Short Stories , Galician Short Stories , German Court Stories and Russian Court Stories .", "From the 1860s to the 1880s , he collected many volumes of Jewish Short Stories , Polish Short Stories , Galician Short Storie...
[ "Leopold Ritter von Sacher-Masoch ( 27 January 1836 - 9 March 1895 ) was an Austrian writer and journalist , who gained renown for his romantic stories of Galician life .", "Leopold Ritter von Sacher-Masoch ( 27 January 1836 - 9 March 1895 ) was an Austrian writer and journalist , who became famous for his romant...
[ "Sacher-Masoch edited the Leipzig-based monthly literary magazine Auf der Höhe .", "Sacher-Masoch edited the monthly literary magazine Auf der Höhe ." ]
[ "International Review ) , which was published from October , 1881 to September , 1885 .", "International Review ) , which was published in Leipzig from October , 1881 to September , 1885 ." ]
[ "During his lifetime , Sacher-Masoch was well known as a man of letters , a utopian thinker who espoused socialist and humanist ideals in his fiction and non-fiction .", "During his lifetime , Sacher-Masoch was known as a thinker who supported socialist and humanist ideas in his writing , both his stories and his...
[ "Of the six planned volumes , only the first two were ever completed .", "Six volumes were planned , but only the first two were ever completed ." ]
[ "The novel Venus in Furs is his only book commonly available in English .", "The novel Venus in Furs is the only one of his books that can be commonly found in English ." ]
[ "The short novel expressed Sacher-Masoch 's fantasies and fetishes ( especially for dominant women wearing fur ) .", "The short novel expressed Sacher-Masoch 's fantasies and fetishes , which he tried to live out with his mistresses and wives ." ]
[ "This was a progressive magazine aimed at tolerance and integration for Jews in Saxony , as well as for the emancipation of women with articles on women 's education and suffrage .", "This was a magazine aimed at helping Jews in Saxony become part of the community , as well supporting women 's rights with article...
[ "Nevertheless , the published volumes of the series included Masoch 's best-known stories , and of them , Venus in Furs ( 1869 ) is the most famous today .", "Despite this , the published volumes of the series included his best-known stories , including Venus in Furs ( 1869 ) which is the most famous today ." ]
[ "The term masochism is derived from his name .", "The word masochism comes from his name ." ]
[ "Within a decade his short stories and novels prevailed over his historical non-fiction works , though historical themes continued to imbue his fiction .", "Within ten years , his short stories and novels became more famous than his historical non-fiction works , though his fiction had history in it ." ]
[ "He studied law , history and mathematics at Graz University , and after graduating moved back to Lemberg where he became a professor .", "He studied law , history and mathematics at Graz University ." ]
[ "At the same time , Masoch turned to the folklore and culture of his homeland , Galicia .", "At the same time , Sacher-Masoch began looking into the stories of his homeland , Galicia ." ]
[ "Von Sacher-Masoch was born in the city then known as Lemberg as well as Lwów , the capital of the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria , at the time a province of the Austrian Empire ( now Lviv , Ukraine ) , into the Roman Catholic family of an Austrian police director of Spanish descent and Charlotte von Masoch , a U...
[ "In 1869 , Sacher-Masoch conceived a grandiose series of short stories under the collective title Legacy of Cain that would represent the author 's aesthetic Weltanschauung .", "In 1869 Sacher-Masoch wrote a large number of short stories under the group title Legacy of Cain ." ]
[ "There are two types of plastics : thermoplastics and thermosetting polymers .", "There are many types of plastic ." ]
[ "Dubstep is generally instrumental .", "Dubstep is usually instrumental ." ]
[ "Dubstep \\ / ˈdʌbstɛp \\ / is a genre of electronic dance music that originated in South London , England .", "Dubstep is a genre of music that started in South London ." ]
[ "It emerged in the late 1990s as a development within a lineage of related styles such as 2-step garage , broken beat , drum and bass , jungle , dub and reggae .", "It draws influence from 2-step garage , dub , drum and bass , grime and reggae ." ]
[ "Geoffrey Arnold `` Jeff '' Beck ( born 24 June 1944 ) is an English rock guitarist .", "Geoffrey Arnold `` Jeff '' Beck ( born 24 June 1944 ) is an English rock musician ." ]
[ "Jeff Beck won his third Grammy Award , this one for ` Best Rock Instrumental Performance ' for the track `` Dirty Mind '' from You Had It Coming ( 2001 ) .", "He has won 4 Grammy Awards for `` Best Rock Instrumental Performance . ''" ]
[ "Beck was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame on 4 April 2009 , as a solo artist .", "Beck was listed 14th in Rolling Stone Magazine 's list of the `` 100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time '' , Beck has inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame twice ." ]
[ "Much of Beck 's recorded output has been instrumental , with a focus on innovative sound , and his releases have spanned genres ranging from blues rock , heavy metal , jazz fusion and an additional blend of guitar-rock and electronica .", "His music crosses many genres including : blues-rock , heavy metal and ja...
[ "He has been inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame twice : as a member of the Yardbirds ( 1992 ) and as a solo artist ( 2009 ) .", "First as a member of the Yardbirds ." ]
[ "Widya Saputra ( full name : Widyaningrum Surya Nugraha ; born in Cimahi , Indonesia , 26 February 1985 ) is an Indonesian TV presenter .", "Widyaningrum Surya Nugraha ( called Widya , born at Cimahi , Indonesia , February 26 , 1985 ) is a television host from Indonesia ." ]
[ "She become a presenter at Kring-Kring Olala in TPI .", "She started her career as a child when in 1993 she become vocalist at Trio Laris group , then in 1998 she began a career in television as host at Kring Olala at TPI ." ]
[ "Carla spawned the largest hurricane-related tornado outbreak on record at the time , when 26 tornadoes touched down within its circulation .", "Much of the damage was done well away from the landfall site , as Carla caused one of the largest hurricane-related tornado outbreaks on record at the time , when 26 tor...
[ "In Texas , wind gusts as high as 170 mph ( 280 km\\/h ) were observed in Port Lavaca .", "Wind gusts as high as 170 mph were recorded at Port Lavaca ." ]
[ "The strongest sustained winds include 115 mph ( 185 km\\/h ) in Matagorda , 110 mph ( 180 km\\/h ) in Victoria , and 88 mph ( 142 km\\/h ) .", "Winds were reported to be 115 mph in Matagorda , 110 mph in Victoria and 88 mph in Galveston ." ]
[ "Thus , Carla was the third major hurricane of the season .", "At the time , Carla became the largest hurricane on record in the Atlantic basin ." ]
[ "As early as September 1 , a tropical disturbance - an area of convective activity - was observed tracking westward across the Caribbean Sea within the Intertropical Convergence Zone ( ITCZ ) .", "A tropical depression started in the western Caribbean Sea on September 3 from a disturbance in the Intertropical Con...
[ "Mathematically , Boyle 's law can be stated as or where P is the pressure of the gas , V is the volume of the gas , and k is a constant .", "In symbols , the law is : or where P is the pressure of the gas , V is the volume of the gas , and k is a constant ." ]
[ "Boyle 's law ( sometimes referred to as the Boyle-Mariotte law , or Mariotte 's law ) is an experimental gas law which describes how the pressure of a gas tends to decrease as the volume of a gas increases .", "Boyle 's law ( also called Mariotte 's law and the Boyle-Mariotte law ) is a law about ideal gases ." ...
[ "Boyle 's law states that at constant temperature for a fixed mass , the absolute pressure and the volume of a gas are inversely proportional .", "The law can be stated as follows : In other words , the volume of a constant mass of ideal gas at a constant temperature is inversely proportional to its pressure ." ]
[ "The equation states that product of pressure and volume is a constant for a given mass of confined gas as long as the temperature is constant .", "For a given mass of gas at a constant temperature , the product of the pressure and the volume is a constant ." ]
[ "Mycorrhizal plants are often more resistant to diseases , such as those caused by microbial soil-borne pathogens .", "Mycorrhizal plants are often more resistant to diseases , such as those caused by microbial soil-borne pathogens , and are also more resistant to the effects of drought ." ]
[ "The absence of mycorrhizal fungi can also slow plant growth in early succession or on degraded landscapes .", "The absence of mycorrhizal fungi can also slow plant growth in harsh areas ." ]
[ "Mycorrhizal mycelia are much smaller in diameter than the smallest root , and thus can explore a greater volume of soil , providing a larger surface area for absorption .", "Mycorrhizal mycelia are much smaller in diameter than the smallest root ." ]
[ "The carbohydrates are translocated from their source ( usually leaves ) to root tissue and on to the plant 's fungal partners .", "The carbohydrates move from their source ( usually leaves ) to the root and then to the fungal partner ." ]
[ "Primulas are native to the temperate northern hemisphere , south into tropical mountains in Ethiopia , Indonesia and New Guinea , and in temperate southern South America .", "They are native to the temperate Northern Hemisphere , south into tropical mountains in Ethiopia , Indonesia and New Guinea , and in tempe...
[ "Primroses are used as food plants by the larvae ( caterpillars ) of some Lepidoptera species , including Duke of Burgundy butterfly , Large Yellow Underwing , Lesser Broad-bordered Yellow Underwing , Setaceous Hebrew Character and Silver-ground Carpet .", "Primroses are used as food plants by the larvae ( caterp...
[ "These species and many others are valued for their ornamental flowers .", "Many species are grown for their ornamental flowers ." ]
[ "Plants bloom mostly during the spring , with flowers often appearing in spherical umbels on stout stems arising from basal rosettes of leaves ; their flowers can be purple , yellow , red , pink , blue , or white .", "Perennial primulas bloom mostly during the spring ; their flowers can be purple , yellow , red ,...
[ "For the work , the poet was awarded the Sahitya Akademi Award for Sanskrit in 2005 , and several other awards .", "The poet was awarded the Sahitya Akademi Award for Sanskrit in 2005 , and many other awards for this work ." ]
[ "It consists of 2121 verses in 40 Sanskrit and Prakrit metres and is divided into 21 cantos ( Sargas ) of 101 verses each .", "It is made of 2121 verses in 40 Sanskrit and Prakrit metres and is separated into 21 cantos ( Sargas ) and each contains 101 verses ." ]
[ "The book was released by the then prime minister of India , Atal Bihari Vajpayee on October 30 , 2002 .", "The book was released by the then prime minister of India , Atal Behari Vajpayee on October 30 , 2002 ." ]
[ "Śrībhārgavarāghavīyam ( Sanskrit : श्रीभार्गवराघवीयम् ) ( 2002 ) , literally Of Paraśurāma and Rāma , is a Sanskrit epic poem ( Mahākāvya ) composed by Jagadguru Rambhadracharya ( 1950 - ) .", "Śrībhārgavarāghavīyam ( Sanskrit : श्रीभार्गवराघवीयम् ) ( 2002 ) , meaning Of Parashurama and Rama , is a Sanskrit epic...
[ "Nathia Gali has a mini bazar .", "Nathia Gali has a mini bazaar ." ]
[ "During British rule Nathia Gali , then part of Abbottabad tehsil of Hazara District , served as the summer headquarters of the Chief Commissioner of the ( then ) Peshawar division of the Punjab .", "During British rule Nathia Gali , then part of Abbottabad Tehsil of Hazara District , was the summer headquarters ...
[ "At 2,500 m ( 8,200 ft ) , it is a popular tourist resort in the summer months .", "At 2,500 m ( 8,200 ft ) height from the sea level , it is a popular tourist resort in the summer months ." ]
[ "Mukshpuri and Miranjani are two nearby high peaks .", "`` Mukshpuri '' and `` Miranjani '' are the two nearby high peaks both of which are favored by hikers ." ]
[ "It is today located in what is the Abbottabad District , Khyber Pakhtunkhwa .", "It is in Abbottabad District , Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province ." ]
[ "The town along with Dunga Gali constituted a notified area under the Punjab Municipalities Act , 1891 .", "The town along with Dunga Gali was a notified area ." ]
[ "The Union Council of Nathia Gali is divided into the following areas : Bagan , Donga Gali , Jhansa , Keri Sarafali , Keri Raiki , Lassan , Malach , Nathiagali and Pasala .", "The Union Council of Nathia Gali is divided into the following areas : Bagan , Donga Gali , Jhansa , Keri Sarafali , Lassan , Malach , Nat...
[ "The main tribe of Nathia Gali are the Karlal , Dhunds , Malechas and other similar hill people .", "The main tribe of Nathia Gali is the Karlal ." ]
[ "It is forested with pine , cedar , oak walnut and also oak and maple trees .", "It is forested with pine , walnut and also broad-leaved oak and maple trees ." ]
[ "Servant of God is a title given to individuals by various religions , but in general the phrase is used to describe a person believed to be pious in his or her faith tradition .", "Servant of God is a title given to individuals by different religions , but in general the phrase is used to describe a person belie...
[ "That is followed by beatification , with the title of Blessed , after the confirmation of miracles resulting from the intercession of the honored .", "This is followed by beatification , with the title of Blessed , after the confirmation of miracles attributed to the honored ." ]
[ "The next step is being declared Venerable , upon a decree of heroism or martyrdom by the honored .", "The next step is being declared Venerable , upon a decree of heroicity or martyrdom by the honored ." ]
[ "In the Catholic Church , it designates someone who is being investigated by the Church for possible sainthood .", "In the Catholic Church , it designates someone who is being investigated by the Church for possibly being recognized as a saint ." ]
[ "The Arabic name Abdullah ( عبد الله , ` Abd Allah `` slave of god '' ) ; the Hebrew name Obadiah ( עובדיה ) and the German name Gottschalk mean `` servant of god '' .", "The Arabic name Abdullah عبد الله , the Hebrew name Obadiah עובדיה and the German name Gottschalk literally mean `` servant of God '' ." ]
[ "However , the Mackenzie dike swarm itself occupies an area of at least 2,700,000 km2 ( 1,000,000 sq mi ) , making the Mackenzie Large Igneous Province larger than the Ontong Java Plateau in the southwestern Pacific Ocean and the U.S. state of Alaska .", "However , the Mackenzie dyke swarm itself occupies an area...
[ "With an area of 170,000 km2 ( 66,000 sq mi ) and a volume of 650,000 km3 ( 160,000 cu mi ) , the Coppermine River flood basalt sequence is larger than the Columbia River Basalt Group in the United States and comparable in size to the Deccan Traps in west-central India .", "With an area of 170,000 km2 ( 66,000 sq...