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[ "Modern `` paper vellum '' ( vegetable vellum ) is a quite different synthetic material , used for a variety of purposes including plans , technical drawings , and blueprints .", "Modern `` paper vellum '' ( sometimes called vegetable vellum ) is made out of synthetic material instead of mammal skin , but is used...
[ "Paper was used for most book-printing , as it was cheaper and easier to process through a printing press and bind .", "Paper was used for most book-printing , at the time ." ]
[ "A final finish may be achieved by abrading the surface with pumice , and treating with a preparation of lime or chalk to make it accept writing or printing ink .", "A final finish is got by rubbing the surface with pumice , and treating it with lime or chalk ." ]
[ "In Europe , from Roman times , the term vellum was used for the best quality of prepared skin , regardless of the animal from which the hide was obtained , calf , sheep , and goat all being commonly used ( other animals , including pig , deer , donkey , horse , or camel have been used ) .", "calves , sheep , goa...
[ "A growth in population during the 16th Century led to taller buildings and denser construction methods .", "A growth in population during the 16th Century led to taller buildings and more dense construction methods ." ]
[ "In 1820 the city wall was torn down , with the exception of the individual towers and gates , and the defensive ditches were filled in .", "In 1820 the city wall was torn down , with exception of the individual towers and gates , and the defensive ditches were filled in ." ]
[ "A Theatre and Concert Hall was constructed in 1883 , which was renovated and expanded in 1995-96 .", "A Theater and Concert Hall was constructed in 1883 , which was renovated and expanded in 1995-96 ." ]
[ "The urban educational and cultural opportunities of Aarau were extended through numerous new institutions .", "The urban educational and cultural opportunities of Aarau have been extended through numerous new institutions ." ]
[ "On 27 December 1797 , the last Tagsatzung of the Old Swiss Confederacy was held in Aarau .", "On December 27 , 1797 , the last Tagsatzung of the Old Swiss Confederacy was held in Aarau ." ]
[ "Aarau was founded around AD 1240 by the counts of Kyburg .", "Aarau was founded around 1240 A.D. by the counts of Kyburg ." ]
[ "The city was linked up to the Swiss Central Railway in 1856 .", "The city connected to the Swiss Central Railroad in 1856 ." ]
[ "A former cloth warehouse was converted into a small theater in 1974 , and the alternative culture center KIFF ( Culture in the fodder factory ) was established in a former animal fodder factory .", "A former cloth warehouse was transformed into a small theater in 1974 , and the alternative culture center KIFF ( ...
[ "These highly educated immigrants were also responsible for educational reform and the enlightened , revolutionary spirit that developed in Aarau .", "These highly educated immigrants were also responsible for education reform and the enlightened , revolutionary spirit that developed in Aarau ." ]
[ "On 22 March 1798 Aarau was declared the capital of the Helvetic Republic .", "On March 22 , 1798 Aarau was declared the capital of the Helvetic Republic ." ]
[ "One characteristic of the city is its painted gables , for which Aarau is sometimes called the `` City of beautiful Gables '' .", "One special characteristic of the city is its painted gables , for which Aarau is sometimes called the `` City of beautiful Gables '' ." ]
[ "The contrast between a high level of education and a low level of political rights was particularly great in Aarau , and the city refused to send troops to defend the Bernese border .", "The contrast between a high level of education and a low level of political rights was particarly great in Aarau , and the cit...
[ "The purchase of a manuscript collection in 1803 laid the foundation for what would become the Cantonal Library , which contains a Bible annotated by Huldrych Zwingli , along with the manuscripts and incunabula .", "The purchase of a manuscript collection in 1803 laid the foundation for what would become the Cant...
[ "A Carillon was installed in the tower in the middle of the 20th century , the bells for which were provided by the centuries-old bell manufacturers of Aarau .", "A Carillon was erected in the tower in the middle of the 20th century , the bells for which were provided by the centuries-old bell manufacturers of Aa...
[ "On 20 September , the capital was moved to Lucerne .", "On September 20 , the capital was moved to Lucerne ." ]
[ "It is the second-largest city in Aargau after Wettingen .", "It is the third-largest city in Aargau after Wettingen and Baden ." ]
[ "The old city of Aarau is situated on a rocky outcrop at a narrowing of the Aar river valley , at the southern foot of the Jura mountains .", "The old city of Aarau lies on a rocky cliff where the Aar river valley narrows at the southern foot of the Jura mountains ." ]
[ "In the 14th century the city was expanded in two stages , and a second defensive wall was constructed .", "In the 14th Century the city was expanded in two stages , and a second defesive wall was constructed ." ]
[ "The historic old town forms an irregular square , consisting of four parts ( called Stöcke ) .", "The historic old city forms an irregular square , consisting of four parts ( called Stoecke ) ." ]
[ "The only exception is Unterentfelden whose settlements are divided from Aarau by the extensive forests of Gönhard and Zelgli .", "The only exceptions are Unterentfelden and Eppenberg-Wöschnau to the south , whose places are divided from Aarau by the large forests of Gönhard and Zelgli ." ]
[ "To the south lies the Laurenzenvorstadt , that is , the part of the town formerly outside the city wall .", "To the south lies the `` suburb '' , that is , the part of the town formerly outside the city wall ." ]
[ "In September 2011 , Microsoft officially announced Windows To Go at the Build Conference , and distributed bootable 32GB USB flash drives with Windows To Go pre-installed .", "In September 2011 Microsoft officially announced Windows To Go at the Build Conference , and gave out bootable USB Flash drives ." ]
[ "Windows To Go is a feature in Windows 8 Enterprise that allows Windows 8 Enterprise to boot and run from mass storage devices such as USB flash drives and external hard disk drives .", "Windows To Go is a new feature in Windows 8 that allows the entire system to run from a USB flash drive or external USB Hard Dr...
[ "Edward Carl Gaedel ( June 8 , 1925 - June 18 , 1961 ) was an American with dwarfism who became famous for participating in a Major League Baseball game .", "Edward Carl `` Eddie '' Gaedel ( June 8 , 1925 - June 18 , 1961 ) is a former professional baseball player ." ]
[ "Weighing 65 pounds ( 29.5 kg ) , and standing 3 feet 7 inches tall , Gaedel became the shortest player in the history of the Major Leagues .", "Gaedel was officially listed as standing 3 feet 7 inches ( 109 cm ) and weighing 65 pounds ( 29 kg ) ." ]
[ "In March 2009 , Rolling Stone magazine named Romm to its list of `` 100 People Who Are Changing America '' .", "In March 2009 , Rolling Stone magazine named Romm as one of `` 100 People Who Are Changing America '' ." ]
[ "In September 2009 , Time magazine named him one of its `` Heroes of the Environment ( 2009 ) '' , calling him `` The Web 's most influential climate-change blogger '' .", "In September 2009 , Time magazine named him one of its `` Heroes of the Environment '' ." ]
[ "Joseph J. Romm ( born June 27 , 1960 ) is an American author , blogger , physicist and climate expert who concentrates on methods of reducing greenhouse gas emissions and global warming and increasing energy security through energy efficiency , green energy technologies and green transportation technologies .", ...
[ "Many protozoan species are symbionts , some are parasites , and some are predators of faeces bacteria and algae .", "Many protozoan species are symbionts , some are parasites , and some are predators of soil bacteria and algae ." ]
[ "There are an estimated 30,000 protozoan species .", "There are about 30,000 protozoan species ." ]
[ "However , the term is still used in children 's education .", "However , ` protozoa ' is often used for convenience , especially in junior education ." ]
[ "Managua is the second most populous city in Central America , after Guatemala City .", "This makes it one of the biggest cities of Central America ( after Guatemala City ) ." ]
[ "He received the Medal of Honor on December 2 , 1876 for his actions at Little Big Horn River Montana on July 9 , 1876 .", "He received the Medal of Honor December 2 , 1876 for his actions at Little Big Horn River Montana on July 9 , 1876 ." ]
[ "Benjamin Stewart was born in 1851 in Norfolk , Virginia and enlisted in the Army from Newport , Kentucky in May 1875 .", "Benjamin Stewart was born in 1851 in Norfolk , Virginia ." ]
[ "Benjamin F. Stewart ( born 1851 ) was a Private in the United States Army who received the Medal of Honor for his actions during the Indian Wars .", "Benjamin F. Stewart ( born 1851 ) was a Private in the United States Army ." ]
[ "In March 2004 , the United States FDA issued guidelines recommending that pregnant women , nursing mothers , and children limit their intake of tuna and other predatory fish .", "As a result , in March 2004 the United States FDA issued guidelines recommending pregnant women , nursing mothers , and children to li...
[ "Japan first successfully farm-hatched and raised bluefin tuna in 1979 .", "There are also tuna farms in the Mediterranean , North America , and Japan that raise Northern bluefin tuna ." ]
[ "Due to their high position in the food chain and the subsequent accumulation of heavy metals from their diet , mercury levels can be high in larger species such as bluefin and albacore .", "Mercury levels can be relatively high in some of the larger species of tuna such as bluefin and albacore ." ]
[ "Also unlike most fish , which have white flesh , the muscle tissue of tuna ranges from pink to dark red .", "Most species of fish have white flesh ." ]
[ "The variation in Chinese cuisine from different regions led caterers to create a list or menu for their patrons .", "In the larger cities of the time , the variety of cuisine from different regions led caterers to create a list for their patrons ." ]
[ "Menus , as a list of prepared foods , have been discovered dating back to the Song Dynasty in China .", "Menus have been discovered from the Song Dynasty in China ." ]
[ "The Beaufort Sea ( French : mer de Beaufort ) is a marginal sea of the Arctic Ocean , located north of the Northwest Territories , the Yukon , and Alaska , west of Canada 's Arctic islands .", "The Beaufort Sea is a marginal sea of the Arctic Ocean , north of the Northwest Territories , the Yukon , and Alaska , ...
[ "The coastal shelf area is rather narrow , especially near and east of Point Barrow in the Alaskan part of the sea , and contains numerous submarine valleys .", "The coastal shelf area is rather narrow , especially near and east of Point Barrow in the Alaskan part of the sea ." ]
[ "The sea hosts about 80 species of zooplankton , more than 70 species of phytoplankton , and nearly 700 species of polychaetes , bryozoans , crustaceans and mollusks , but their total volume is relatively small owing to the cold climate .", "The sea has about 80 species of zooplankton , more than 70 species of ph...
[ "A few larger ones lie west of the Mackenzie River , such as Herschel Island ( 4 km ( 2.5 mi ) off the shore , area 18 km2 ( 6.9 sq mi ) ) and Barter Island ( 0.3 km ( 0.19 mi ) from the coast , area 13 km2 ( 5.0 sq mi ) ) .", "A few larger ones are west of the Mackenzie River , such as Herschel Island ( 4 km ( 2...
[ "The seacoast was populated about 30,000 years ago , but the population density is very low .", "The seacoast was populated about 30,000 years ago ." ]
[ "The shoreline of the Beaufort Sea is covered with tundra and the northern limit of the terrestrial range of the polar bear in North America .", "The shoreline of the Beaufort Sea is covered with tundra ." ]
[ "Historically , only a narrow pass up to 100 km ( 62 mi ) opened in August-September near its shores , but recently due to climate change in the Arctic the ice-free area in late summer has greatly enlarged .", "Only a narrow pass up to 100 km ( 62 mi ) opens in August-September near its shores ." ]
[ "Major fish species include polar cod ( Boreogadus saida ) , Arctic cod ( Arctogadus glacialis ) , saffron cod ( Eleginus gracilis ) , Arctic char ( Salvelinus alpinus ) , chum salmon ( Oncorhynchus keta ) , Arctic cisco ( Coregonus autumnalis ) , least cisco ( Coregonus sardinella ) , lake whitefish ( Coregonus cl...
[ "The major Mackenzie River empties into the Canadian part of the sea , west of Tuktoyaktuk , which is one of the few permanent settlements on the sea shores .", "The Mackenzie River empties into the Canadian part of the sea ." ]
[ "The delta of Mackenzie River contains numerous lakes and ponds which are inhabited by muskrat .", "The delta of Mackenzie River has many lakes and ponds ." ]
[ "The major river to flow into the sea is the Mackenzie , Canada 's longest , which empties into the Canadian part of the sea , west of Tuktoyaktuk .", "The major river to flow into the sea is the Mackenzie , Canada 's longest ." ]
[ "The Mackenzie River is an important habitat for whales and sea birds and is still relatively untouched by commercial traffic .", "The Mackenzie River is an important place to live for whales and sea birds ." ]
[ "It becomes wider near the delta of the Mackenzie River but nowhere exceeds 145 km ( 90 mi ) .", "It becomes wider near the delta of the Mackenzie River ." ]
[ "As a result , the sea hosts one of the largest colonies of beluga whales , and there is no sign of overfishing .", "There is a large amount of beluga whales ." ]
[ "The soil is frozen all year around at the depth below about 1 m ( 3 ft 3 in ) or less , forming permafrost , and only top few tens centimeters thaws in summer .", "The soil is frozen all year around forming permafrost ." ]
[ "The sea contains significant resources of petroleum and natural gas under its shelf , such as the Amauligak field .", "The sea has many resources of petroleum and natural gas ." ]
[ "Near the coast , the depths are shallower than 60 m ( 200 ft ) but they rapidly increase northwards up to a few kilometers , transforming into a massive platform which is geologically similar to that of the oceans .", "Near the coast , the depths are shallower than 60 m ( 200 ft ) ." ]
[ "The following year , Mugen won four of the top five places in the Japanese F3000 championship .", "In 1988 , Mugen won four of the top five places in the Japanese F3000 championship ." ]
[ "In 1986 , Formula 3000 was introduced into Japan and Mugen joined forces with Honda to build an F3000 engine .", "Mugen joined with Honda to build an F3000 engine ." ]
[ "In 1989 , Mugen entered European F3000 with the MF308 engine and won the championship with Jean Alesi , driving an Eddie Jordan Racing Reynard .", "In 1989 , Mugen entered European F3000 with the MF308 engine ." ]
[ "The company tunes and races Honda vehicles in the Super GT championship , and , additionally , sells aftermarket parts to amateur enthusiasts .", "The company tunes and races Honda vehicles in the Super GT championship ." ]
[ "Mugen pulled out of F1 at the end of the 2000 season leaving Honda to supply the engines to Jordan as well .", "At the end of the 2000 season , Mugen pulled out of F1 ." ]
[ "More importantly , in June , the company announced development of the a new 4.0 L V8 , dubbed MF408S , for the main prototype class in the 24 Hours of Le Mans and American Le Mans Series .", "The MF408S was built for the main prototype class in the 24 Hours of Le Mans and American Le Mans Series ." ]
[ "In 1988 , Mugen started tuning Honda engines for use in Formula Three , winning the Japanese series with Akihiko Nakaya , and in 1990 expanded their business to Europe .", "In 1988 , Mugen started tuning Honda engines for use in Formula Three ." ]
[ "With Prost establishing a relationship with Peugeot in 1998 , Mugen looked for a new partner and reached a two-year agreement with Jordan Grand Prix for which Mugen produced the MF301H-C engine .", "When Prost changed Peugeot engines in 1998 , Mugen reached a two-year agreement with Jordan Grand Prix ." ]
[ "Mugen Motorsports ( M-TEC Co. , Ltd ) ( 無限 ) is a Japanese company formed in 1973 by Hirotoshi Honda , the son of Honda Motor Company founder Soichiro Honda , and Masao Kimura .", "It was formed in 1973 by Hirotoshi Honda and Masao Kimura ." ]
[ "The 1998 season was not a success until Spa-Francorchamps , when Jordan drivers Damon Hill and Ralf Schumacher scored a 1-2 finish .", "The 1998 season saw a 1-2 finish at Spa-Francorchamps with Damon Hill and Ralf Schumacher ." ]
[ "At the end of the year , Mugen switched to Team Lotus with plans for a new Lotus 109 .", "In 1994 , Mugen moved to Team Lotus with the new Lotus 109 ." ]
[ "In 2001 , Mugen concentrated once more in the JGTC , the NSX winning two races , and finishing second ( Mugen\\/Dome ) and third ( ARTA ) in the series .", "In 2001 , in the JGTC , the Mugen NSX won two races ." ]
[ "The team was taken over by Alain Prost in 1997 , and the newly named Prost Grand Prix ran MF301H-B engines with Jarno Trulli leading the Austrian Grand Prix before suffering engine failure .", "Ligier was taken over by Alain Prost in 1997 , and renamed Prost Grand Prix ." ]
[ "The same year , Mugen won its first Formula Three championships in Europe , taking the French title with Eric Hélary , and the British crown with Mika Häkkinen at the wheel of a West Surrey Racing Ralt , which repeated the title in 1991 with Rubens Barrichello .", "Mugen won its first Formula Three championships...
[ "Things were complicated for some time as Mugen was owned and run by Hirotoshi Honda , who has been the major shareholder in Honda since his father 's death in 1991 .", "Mugen has never been owned by Honda ." ]
[ "The film opened on November 16 , 1933 at Radio City Music Hall , where it broke attendance records and earned over $ 100,000 during its first week of release .", "The movie opened on November 16 , 1933 at Radio City Music Hall ." ]
[ "Louise Closser Hale originally was scheduled to portray Aunt March , but after her death on July 26 , 1933 , Edna May Oliver assumed the role .", "Louise Closser Hale was going to play Aunt March , but she died on July 26 , 1933 ." ]
[ "Hobe Erwin , a former artist and interior decorator , was hired to oversee the set decoration , and he modeled the interior of the March home after Louisa May Alcott 's Massachusetts house .", "The set decorator modeled the inside of the March home after Louisa May Alcott 's Massachusetts house ." ]
[ "Although David O. Selznick received no screen credit , he returned to RKO from MGM to supervise the production as the last film left in his contract with the studio .", "David O. Selznick went back to RKO from MGM to produce the movie ." ]
[ "The screenplay by Sarah Y. Mason and Victor Heerman is based on the classic novel of the same name by Louisa May Alcott .", "The movie was based on a book of the same name by Louisa May Alcott ." ]
[ "At the request of Katharine Hepburn , costume designer Walter Plunkett created a dress for her character copied from one worn by her maternal grandmother in a tintype Hepburn had .", "Katharine Hepburn asked costume designer Walter Plunkett to make a special dress for her character ." ]
[ "Plunkett also had to redesign several of Joan Bennett 's costumes to conceal her advancing pregnancy , a condition Bennett intentionally had not mentioned to George Cukor when he cast her in the film .", "Plunkett also had to redesign many of Joan Bennett 's costumes because she was going to have a baby ." ]
[ "Less than a year after it opened to the public on May 27 , 1930 , the Chrysler Building was surpassed in height by the Empire State Building , but the Chrysler Building is still the world 's tallest steel-supported brick building .", "The Chrysler Building is still the tallest brick building in the world ." ]
[ "Upon completion , May 20 , 1930 , the added height of the spire allowed the Chrysler Building to surpass 40 Wall Street as the tallest building in the world and the Eiffel Tower as the tallest structure .", "Before it was built , the tallest structure in the world was Eiffel Tower ." ]
[ "It is still the tallest brick building in the world , albeit with an internal steel skeleton .", "Before it was built , the tallest building in the world was The Trump Building ." ]
[ "The Chrysler Building is an Art Deco style skyscraper in New York City , located on the east side of Manhattan in the Turtle Bay area at the intersection of 42nd Street and Lexington Avenue .", "The Chrysler Building is a skyscraper in New York City , United States ." ]
[ "At 1,046 feet ( 319 m ) , the structure was the world 's tallest building for 11 months before it was surpassed by the Empire State Building in 1931 .", "It was built in 1931 and is one of the tallest buildings in the world ." ]
[ "The painting depicts a typical Sunday afternoon at Moulin de la Galette in the district of Montmartre in Paris .", "The painting depicts a typical Sunday afternoon at Moulin de la Galette in the district of Montmartre ." ]
[ "From 1896 to 1929 the painting hung in the Musée du Luxembourg in Paris .", "From 1896 to 1929 the painting hung in the Musée du Luxembourg ." ]
[ "Like other works of Renoir 's early maturity , Bal du moulin de la Galette is a typically Impressionist snapshot of real life .", "Bal du moulin de la Galette is a typical Impressionist snapshot of real life ." ]
[ "From 1929 it hung in the Musée du Louvre until it was transferred to the Musée d'Orsay in 1986 .", "From 1929 it hung in the Musée du Louvre ." ]
[ "Renoir painted a smaller version of the picture ( 78 × 114 cm ) with the same title .", "Renoir painted a smaller version of the picture with the same title ." ]
[ "Bal du moulin de la Galette ( commonly known as Dance at Le moulin de la Galette ) is an 1876 painting by French artist Pierre-Auguste Renoir .", "Bal du moulin de la Galette ( English : Dance at Le moulin de la Galette ) ( 1876 ) is a painting by Pierre-Auguste Renoir ." ]
[ "At the time of sale , it was one of the top two most expensive artworks ever sold , together with van Gogh 's Portrait of Dr. Gachet , which was also purchased by Saito .", "It was one of the most expensive artworks ever sold ." ]
[ "On May 17 , 1990 , his widow sold the painting for US$ 78 million at Sotheby 's in New York City to Ryoei Saito ( Saitō Ryōei ) , the honorary chairman of Daishowa Paper Manufacturing Company , Japan .", "On May 17 , 1990 , his widow sold it for US$ 78 million at Sotheby 's in New York City ." ]
[ "It is housed at the Musée d'Orsay in Paris and is one of Impressionism 's most celebrated masterpieces .", "It is in the Musée d'Orsay in Paris ." ]
[ "This is also described as `` no one believes , but everyone thinks that everyone believes . ''", "The term describes a context in which `` no one believes , but everyone thinks that everyone believes . ''" ]
[ "In social psychology , pluralistic ignorance is a situation in which a majority of group members privately reject a norm , but incorrectly assume that most others accept it , and therefore go along with it .", "Plural ignorance or pluralistic ignorance is a term which gives a name to a situation where a majority...